House, design, repair, decor. Yard and garden. Do it yourself

In winter, not only Sanya is prepared, but also seedlings. Starting from January, the dackets plant seeds for shoots, and in the spring they begin sowing directly on the plot. Experts say that buying seeds can be, and sometimes even needed, much earlier. Let's try to understand all aspects of the choice and sowing seedlings before the start of the summer season.

When buying seeds

In specialized stores seeds for sale round year. Foil packaging provides long-term storage at room temperature. Trusting proven manufacturers, you can purchase packaged seeds at any time of the year.

Newcomb residents better adhere to the following seed purchase rules:

• Vegetable cultures are best bought in the first half of the year, from February to the beginning of summer.
• Single flowers are bought from January to May.
• Perennial flowers acquire from September.
• Lukovichny and club plants buy in advance, in the fall. During this period of the year, the price of them is much lower, and the landing material itself will be excellent before the searches began.

Pre-prepared soil and packaging for planting. They are necessarily stored in a dry and ventilated place, avoiding freezing and sharp temperature differences. If you doubt that provide appropriate weather and climatic conditions - get out soil and containing seedlings immediately before planting seeds.

When planting seedlings

You have chosen seeds, prepared a container and know what will grow on the site next season. The plant planning is individual for each species.

General rules for landing seedlings are as follows:

1. Sutting off seedlings in greenhouse conditions, have time to dozen May. After 30 days, the shoots can be transplanted into the soil for further growth. It is important to take into account climatic conditions - if you have in the latitudes before the beginning of summer, earnings are possible, the transfer to the soil can be postponed for a week or two.
2. Seeding seeds, wait up to two weeks until the first germs appeared. Depending on the culture, the first sprouts appear between three to fourteen days. After the appearance of germs, do not hurry to transfer seedlings into the soil. Wait for their maturity - young shoots are often dying in the ground outside the greenhouse. Two or three days is usually enough in order for the strong shoots to take root in the prepared ground.
3. How to calculate the ideal time to landing seeds? Seeding time seedlings depends on the type of culture. Considering periodization on the example of celery, simple calculations can be carried out. This culture is recommended to plant until the end of May (take the 25th number as a reference point). We take away from this date the time required to achieve the age of age for landing. Celery to mature, you need to 80 days. Also deduct from the result obtained two weeks at the emergence of the first germs and from three to five days to adapt the plant in the soil. On average, from the date of landing in the ground (25th of May) you need to take away at least 95 days. After simple mathematical calculations, it becomes clear that seedling for celery should be ready on February 25th.
4. Manufacturers give recommendations for planting seeds. Each package is denoted by a period of vegetation of culture (from the moment of seeding to the fertility period). If you want to collect a harvest to a certain date, take this number this number of the growing season. The result is the time when it is necessary to start sowing seedlings.
5. The period of vegetation of tomatoes is considered a hundred days. Tomato seedlings are better to transfer to the soil when its age exceeds 50 days. After landing, the first shoots appear within 7 days. When to harvest seedlings for tomatoes? If we consider that early tomatoes in the greenhouse are planted on the first day of summer, then to collect a harvest until July 20, you need to carry out simple calculations. From July 20th, we take the necessary hundred days of the growing season, a week to the emergence of shoots and up to five days for adaptation in the soil. As a result, the seedlings of the tomato should be ready no later than the seventh of April.
6. Cucumbers, pumpkin, watermelons and zucchini grow faster tomato. At the same time, cultures belong to light-affiliated plants and are more difficult to adapt after transplantation into the soil. Ideally grow seedlings in special peat pots (cassettes are also suitable). Seven sew not earlier than April 10th (in the warm season).
7. Lighter by dacms and gardeners with heated greenhouse. In this case, you can plant tomatoes, eggplant or peppers at the end of February. But be careful with the early preparation of seedlings - the glowing shoots are much worse and adapted longer on open soil. The "gold standard" planting of pepper seedlings, eggplant and tomatoes are considered the May holidays. It is believed that after that there will be no frosts and sudden drops of temperatures, and seedlings are perfectly fitted on the open soil.

Below - a small sign with dates of landing the most popular cultures on the site

For more information about the periods of landing other crops, you will find in the directories of the gardener.

How to choose seeds

Even with the observance of all the timing of the seedling landing, the result may disturb the gardener. If the seeds are chosen incorrectly, the skill of the dacket will not save the harvest. On the right choice of seeds take care long before the seedlings began. Let's talk about how the seeds are chosen correctly.

• Yield. Do not always prefer with high-yielding varieties. Last though they should give good fruits, but also require increased care and quality of soil. If your site is not too nutritious, give preference to conventional or low-yielding varieties. They are less "fruitful", but not so wrecked in care.
• Endurance. The grade must be resistant to diseases adverse external factors in the form of small temperature differences and biological pests. Interesting fact: che useful plantMoreover, it is susceptible to external stimuli.
• Length. Seeds intended for long-term storage should not lose their properties and without soil. Two varieties of one and the same culture differ in terms of seed savings. Suppose the potatoes "Riviera", though tasty, but not stored for a long time. The same "Slavyanka" has excellent breastplates, losing the previous variety in taste qualities.

Focusing on the preassessment plan of crops, you will know exactly how many seeds of what culture and varieties you need. Making a calendar of the preparation of seedlings, you buy everything in time necessary materials And do not spend more.

If you plan to grow crops for more than a year, lead a special gardener diary. It is recorded in it all purchased varieties of plants (with a manufacturer) and note the data on their growth, the growing period, the appearance of shoots and other information necessary for the gardener. In the future, you will have a ready-made list of materials used, which are ideal for growing in your site and in existing climatic conditions. You will not buy too much and lose the crop.

For further cultivation of plants, only varietal seeds will be suitable from the first seedlings. Hybrid (with marking F1) are suitable for sowing and harvesting, but not suitable for further reproduction. Hybrids are considered to be a sowing material of higher quality - they are hardy, more beautifully and easier to come out in open soil. The advantage of varietal seeds is that every next generation of the plant retains all the properties of the previous one and suitable for breeding.

Note that hybrid seeds are outraged artificially, and therefore a little more expensive. They are suitable for beginner dacnis, as with F1 less problems in leaving with a relatively high yield.

Important! Do not confuse F1 hybrids (first generation) with hybrid varietal plants. The latter are simply created as a result of crossing two different varieties of one culture. They are suitable for further reproduction.

Some seeds are called zoned. Their scientists are developing already adapted to growing conditions in separate geographical latitudes. It is believed that such grades show the maximum indicators in a certain area. Properly chosen zoned crops give a good harvest, they are distinguished by improved appearance and endurance to unfavorable external factors.

The zoned seeds are preferable. Do not choose wonderful and exotic plants. They are not adapted for growing in specific geographical latitudes and climates. Check out the plant through the State Register - all of them are certified and are suitable for cultivation in the climatic conditions of Russia. Walking cultures can be grown as an experiment. Do not make big bets on such seeds, buy a small amount of them just to check.

Modern agrarians use scientific achievements to improve the quality of the seed sold. After processing the plant, more enduring, viable, give an improved germination and harvest. Do not be surprised if you find on sale seeds in the gel envelope, inlaid, on the ribbon, etc. All these types of processing do not affect taste and beneficial features fruit.

You will find both domestic and imported seeds. But the latter should choose especially carefully. Cultures may not be adapted to domestic climates and soil, albeit more varied in varieties and types of fruits.

Choose imported products carefully - it is better to trust only well-known manufacturers and explore the reviews of those dacities that have already successfully grown cultures from such seeds. The domestic range is although less diverse, but is better adapted to our latitudes.

The same grade of the plant may differ in the quality of two different firms. Trust verified firms and carefully treat beginners in the market. Unfair companies are saved on the quality of the packaging and the seeds themselves. This will affect the quality and quantity.

Bright packaging is designed to attract attention. But for storing seeds, its quality is important. Good seams, foil packaging will ensure long-term storage of products and will not worsen its burning.

On the package necessarily designate:

• Manufacturer. Company name, legal address and production address.
• Certification and standardization data. Domestic seeds should correspond to GOST, TU, and imported - international and national standards for the manufacturer.
• Packaging date and storage time. Choose fresh seeds - they can be left until the next planting season, they give a great harvest.
• The name of the variety of plants and the type of seeds. The more data is the easier the buyer to choose a suitable product for yourself.

Products of reliable manufacturers can fake. The counterfeit goods are not different from authentic (and if they differ, then only an expert can see the difference). But the quality of such seeds is doubtful. They did not check, do not comply with quality standards.

It is better to buy seeds in proven points of sales and specialized stores for gardeners. In the official online store of the agrofirms "Seeds Partner" you will be able to vegetables and berry crops that meet quality standards. Genuine products will not "surprise" the low quality of shoots and bad harvest.

conclusions

Knowing three main rules of sowing - the rules for choosing seeds, the date of their purchase and preparation of seedlings, you will ensure a great harvest in the season. Successful crops and good harvest!

No one will argue that the basis of a good harvest is a high-quality seed material. At least 50% of the success of the entire season depends on this. If you first try your strength in gloomy, then the seeds will need to be purchased (although, of course, you can use the fact that more experienced farmers will be offered - relatives or acquaintances). But already K. following the next year You will suit the fulfillment, leaving the fruits on the seeds that most liked the most and who want to constantly have in their collection, looking at what is sold in specialized stores by reading the appropriate literature and acquiring what it seems the most interesting and promising.

You will learn on the pages of our site, and first you need to know how to choose the right seeds in the store, to pay attention first when buying them. It is important to choose not only seeds, but also the seller, or rather the manufacturer's company. In the Russian market there are some well-proven seed suppliers, whose names for all are heard that do not need advertising. Their material is verified and complies with the accompanying description. Therefore, it makes sense to stay on more urgent questions.

Indicators of seeds seeds and varietal qualities

Solving which seeds choose, you need to pay close attention to their sowing and varietal qualities.

Seed seeds include:

• purity (degree of cloghood impurities);
• humidity (it should not exceed 8%);
• energy of germination (the number of seeds sprouted after a certain period of time);
• germination (the number of seeds sprouted through the "maximum time");
• the degree of infection of diseases and pests.

According to sowing performance, seeds are divided into I and II classes.

To determine the quality of the seeds of popular Garden-Bakhchyvy cultures, see the table proposed below.

Table of seed quality indicators

As can be seen from the table for sowing, it is preferable to use class I seeds that give a higher percentage of germination.

Varietary seed qualities are also of great importance. Their definition is carried out in seed farms, where the approbation method is established, how much crops correspond to the variety description and others. On this basis, it is conclosed about the category of fortitude for GOST. IN Russian Federation Developed National Standard - GOST 52171-2003 "Seeds of vegetable, fringe crops, feed root roots and feed cabbage. Varietal and sowing qualities. General technical conditions" Seeds that have been standardized are packaged and go on sale. There yours do not know how to choose the right seeds for planting, buy only that sowing material that corresponds to GOST.

How to choose the right seeds in the store

When you come to the store, then for quite understandable reasons you can get confused: a large number of multicolored bags acts literally fascinating and causes a desire to buy everything, well, or almost everything. But here and lies danger, because in the impulse you can buy at all what you need. How to choose seeds in the store to buy high-quality sowing material? First of all, the emotions should be kept and take a look at a practical point of view. Taking a bag in the hands, attracted attention to the catchy name or unusual design, Read the information placed on the opposite side.

Before choosing seeds, see whether it is indicated on the bag:

• name of culture;
• the name of the variety or hybrid (a brief description of the peculiarities of cultivation);
• party number;
• weight or number of seeds;
• the name and number of the document confirming the varietal and sowing characteristics of the seeds;
• GOST;
• seed shelf life;
• the name and address of the manufacturer.

If there is no one of the listed, it should cause you someleak, because it is the first sign that the contents of the bag may not meet all the requirements for product quality. As a rule, the responsible manufacturer, barking about his reputation, does not hide anything, on the contrary, he tries to maximize the potential buyer as a listing of all the advantages of this variety or hybrid and brief, but quite comprehensive information about when sowing seeds to seedlings, through What period of time it can be transplanted into open or closed soil and other useful information.

Now you know how to choose good seeds, and if nothing has caused you in doubt, the proposed culture fully meets your wishes regarding the time of ripening, color and size of fruits, you can safely go to the checkout and pay for the purchase.

The gardened garders of the winter holidays does not happen. Assemmed the harvest, the plot was caught - and start preparing for the new season. Plan future landing and go for seeds. You should use the moment to purchase them before the start of the spring rush, slowly, with feeling, with a sense, with the arrangement. After all, among the many affecting harvest in the garden, seeds are crucial.

What you need to know about the quality of seeds

The quality of vegetable and flower crops seeds is determined by sowing and varietal indicators. Sowing include: purity (degree of cloghood impurities), humidity (should not exceed 8%), energy of germination (viability) and - an important indicator -Exide (the number of sprouted grains through the maximum time). As well as the degree of infection by pests and diseases. All are defined in specially equipped laboratories and are expressed as a percentage. Then these data indicate each batch of seeds coming on wholesale warehouses for further packaging and sales.

Seeds having sowing indicators below the norms established by Goste, should not be on sale.

Varietary qualities are equally important. They are installed on the fields during the flowering of cultures by the method of approbation. The varietary purity is determined by the ratio of the number of plants typical of this variety, to the total number of plants grown culture (in percent). As a result, a quantity category is established in accordance with GOST. Seeds with a category of fortitude are below the standards established by Goste, should not flow on sale as varieties.

For your information

To purchase a sowing material as much as you need, you can use such calculation standards. For 10 sq. M. Square it is necessary: \u200b\u200bwhite cabbage - 12-15 g, tomato and pepper - 2-3 g, cucumber - 6-8 g, pumpkins - 3-4 g, watermelon 2-3 g, melon 1.5- 2 g, Luca-Chernushki - 6-10 g, garlic - 500-600 g, carrots - 4-6 g, parsley - 8-10 g, beets of dining room - 10-12 g, radish - 17-23 g, potatoes - 2.5-4 kg, beans - 90-150 g, spinach - 24-60 g, dill - 30 g.

Secret materials

The guarantee that the seeds of each proven party correspond to the sowing and varietal qualities, confirms the certificate issued by the Special State Body, without which the implementation is impossible. It seems that everything is under reliable control, and we, buyers, not worry about what. But in fact it turns out not quite so.

On a note:

Sowing seeds are highly dependent on storage conditions. Wait for your o'clock they should be in a dry and cool place. The ideal air humidity is not higher than 10%, the constant temperature is 0 ° C to + 5 ° C (the differences are not allowed).

In accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, the Buyer has the right to demand, and the Seller on demand is obliged to provide documents confirming the varietal authenticity of the seed batch or planting material, as well as their quality. However, to see the original certificate to the usual buyer is not so simple. The document should be stored on the seed stock (base). On the outlet, the packaged seeds accompany the summary testimony on them, which the seller itself is written. And the owner, as you know, Barin. It is clear that he is responsible for the accuracy of the data introduced in the testimony. But it hurts a profitable business - seed sale. Therefore, reliable data on the quality of seeds is sometimes transformed into secret materials or are replaced by more winning.

On a note:

The seed certificate should contain information on the quality of the seeds being implemented, the year of harvest, as well as the date of the last analysis to the germination and its validity period.

Therefore, going to buy seeds for seedlings, remember:

1. It is safer to acquire seeds from manufacturers who have a good reputation whose brands are long presented on the market. It is impossible to fake seeds, but they can be replaced by overdue, spoiled or nonvortex. Only well-known manufacturers are unprofitable to stain their name of selling fakes.
2. Not a guarantee, but at least - there is a chance of compliance with seeds when there is a branded package: the name, address and telephone number of the seller; culture name, its variety; standard designation; Party number; weight in bag (in grams or in pieces); The term of implementation (shelf life) of seeds indicating the number, month and year.
3. If you show perseverance and the certificate will fall into your hands, then by comparing the party number and the name of the variety of data in it, learn the germination and energy of the seed germination, the validity of the document.
4. At the same time, consider that the certificate usually indicates the laboratory germination and energy of germination.
5. Their real (field) is usually lower by 10-20%. Therefore, by purchasing celery with the 45% germination of seeds, in the garden actually see from 100 pieces of 20-25 shoots.
6. The shelf life indicated on the package (for example, until 12. 2014) means that by its expiration to continue to implement seeds by law, we are prohibited. Some firms, in addition to the shelf life, the date of packaging (for example, 11/07/2013) can also be contained. The shelf life for seeds, packaged in paper bags, is established from the date of packaging of the current year until the end of the next year. But if the package is double or metallized, then the shelf life increases in such a twice and lasts from the date of packaging of the current year until the end of the second year of implementation.

Many gardeners confuse this indicator of seeds. But these are completely different things.

Therefore, if you bought the spring seeds of tomatoes or cucumbers and they showed themselves like crops with excellent taste, and at the same time there were also excellent germination, then at the end of the season you can buy them even on the next, even if the shelf life of seeds expires, for example , in December of the current year.

For reference

In 1 g of pumpkin seeds, zucchini, beans, beans, peas, watermelon has from 1 to 10 pcs.; Cucumber - 40-60 pcs.; Table beets - 50-90 pcs., tomato -250-300 pcs., Sweet pepper -160-180 pcs., Eggplant - 150 pcs., Radisa - 100-120 pcs., Cabbage - 250-300 pcs., Parsley and Carrots - 800-900 pcs., Salad - 600-1000 pcs.

But seeds of parsley, dill, celery, pastener, sorrel, asparagus, repair strawberries, Astra quickly lose their germination.

Therefore, it is necessary to buy them from a new crop (obtained in the fall), they usually still have a characteristic smell. At the same time, keep in mind that most firms before the new year there is post-harvest refinement of seeds, determining their quality, paperwork. They usually arrive at the end of January - February.

Seed grade choose to be with harvest

Breeders, working on the creation of new varieties and hybrids, achieve their maximum fitness to certain climatic conditions. Before they are allowed to use, the newly derived varieties and hybrids of 2-3 years are tested on specially organized areas, where they are evaluated by yield, boominess, suitability for processing, taste, sustainability of pests and diseases, etc.

A variety or hybrid, which showed the best results in all signs, is approved by the State Commission for Drying Test for Zoning in the region with similar natural and climatic conditions.

The variety may not pass the test, because it is not suitable for machine cleaning, or illegal, or has too large fruits. For example, varieties of eggplants and peppers, watermelons and melons, zoned in the middle lane, not so long ago there was no reason. Imagine if the dachas waited until those appear. As they say, who does not risk, he does not eat eggplants.

What we sleep, then you ...

In recent years, hybrid seeds appear on the counters. Externally, except for the F1 icon made before the name of the variety, their packets are no different. But the price of hybrid seeds is significantly higher.

So that you know

It is not quite the right opinion that it is impossible to get good seeds from F1 hybrids. Yes, sometimes they do not give them at all or seeds do not mature. However, quite often F1 hybrids give good seeds. But the subsequent generations are obtained enough "solid-caliber" and in their properties can be like more on grandparents, while losing a high yield, which was distinguished by the first generation F1.

An ordinary variety is a group of plants of one type with common signs. Varietary seeds are obtained as a result of free self-polling or cross-pollination of plants. The harvest from them can be inhomogeneous: virgin mills of different lengths, cabbage casuals of various sizes, and tomatoes differ in brightness of color.

On a note

Hybrid seeds are obtained every time re-crossing maternal and fatherly varieties or lines. "Pope" and "Mom" are specifically selected so that very productive kids are guaranteed from them: aligned in size, frost-resistant diseases. The designation F1 indicates that this is the first hybrid generation obtained from such a special crossing.

The most important feature of the variety is its ability to maintain all its own both positive and negative properties in the following offspring.

So what is better: varieties or hybrids?

Hybrids have many advantages, but they usually require special cultivation technology: high soil fertility and level mineral nutrition, greenhouses or film shelters, and if necessary - and special formation of plants. Only then all their advantages will appear.

The varieties are usually less speculative, steady to many diseases, normally grow and give a good harvest without film shelters.

You need to choose what is more suitable for you. Personally, my hybrids are not always suitable for taste, especially for tomatoes. With peppers and eggplants, things are easier: it is delicious as varieties and hybrids. But it's not particularly behind the latter, since the seeds of peppers most often produce herself, choosing from the fruit you like. And if I buy, then only something new or exotic. BUT hybrid varieties Eggplants another time come across very thermal-loving, and without steps and garters, they do not indulge in a vita.

But cucumbers, cabbage, zucchini and sugar corn Sowing mainly hybrid seeds. Moreover, the hybrids of cucumbers prefer the bee-axes. No matter how any parthenokarpiki praised, and the Zelentes with black bursts and seeds inside are tastier and more useful. And for salting - what you need. Parthenocarpics If you are good, then only for the first salads until the bees fly.

Even a high-quality seed material cannot be a 100% guarantee of strong shoots, if you do not know the subtleties of growing seedlings. About your experiments, observations and conclusions for work with seeds and sedate, the reader from Kaluga Igor Dunkin says.

Do I need to shoot a shell with seeds?

However, we spent sowing, the seeds often take place on the surface of cotyledties, from which not reset seed shell. Left on the seedlings, it can lead to death or significant lag in the growth of this plant. So, it is necessary to help him get rid of this shell. But how? After all, sometimes she sits very firmly. In special literature it is recommended to drop with water on a dry shell. It softens and easily shakes.

In fact, if you try to do so, you will see that droplets or glasses, or a few minutes dried. And the shell is so firmly sitting on the plant. If you try to remove it by force, you can cut the seedlies, and then with the plant will have to say goodbye.
My advice is simple. The land in a glass, where such a defective seedman appeared, it is necessary to shed water to be abundantly and put it in a cellophane package. It creates a 100% humidity, the seed shell is completely softened and after a few hours herself is painlessly reset. In the worst case, you will need only the slightest effort to free the shoots.

Is it worth helping the sprout?

There are seeds that really need to scarification (damage to the shell) for germination. But the tips hold this operation in relation to, for example, some pumpkin consider it just harmful. Seeds of these crops must germinate independently.
I can compare this process with a birth - a baby with natural childbirth is experiencing stress that helps him faster to adapt to new living conditions. The experiments that I spent on pumpkin cultures have fully confirmed this law of life: sprouts sprouted without scarification turned out to be stronger.

What kind of soil is the best

It is very important to take into account the concentration of salts (fertilizers) in the soil. For young plants, the volume of fertilizers should be small: no more than 50-150 mg / l. Many gardeners are surprised at how weakly develop their seedlings, and even dies at all. Did they look at the labeling packages with the soil when buying? After all, shoots are very thin
Fur, not ready to use the saturated fertilizer salts. Therefore, for different cultures, in different steps of vegetation, I add the appropriate number of fertilizers.

Is it permissible to add ground from the garden into the soil?

You have to hear negative answers. I can't agree with this. The main argument of opponents is the presence of disease in such land. But if you will grow seedlings in sterile soil, and then land on the bed, where she will face unprecedented Dotola bacteria and others chemical composition Soil, stress will be so strong that adaptation will be difficult. Therefore, young plants should gradually prepare for life in the garden.

How to increase the germination?

Seeds of some cultures (Pepino, Naran-Hilla, etc.) germinate for a long time: until the shift is from 7 to 30 days. And when sowing into the soil, you can
1I do not wait. To ensure germination, I use special germination.
For sowing seeds I use a plastic jar, on the bottom of which we put a white cloth. After her moisturizing, I sow seeds, I close a jar with a transparent lid and put it in a warm place. After punishing the first seed, I put a jar under the lamp of daylight. Every day, by 10-20 seconds, I open the cover for venting and moisturize the dried paper. Until the full disclosure of the two seeds, the seeds hold in conditions of round-the-clock lighting. And after their disclosure - picking plants in a seaside ground in a cup of 4 * 4 cm.

Winter cold should not relax dachens and gardeners. It's time to unrest your seed dawns, temporarily speaking not so much as the Pope (Moms) of your seeds, as in the role of an impartial alien uncle-auditor ...

And then after all, they will choose dackets for landing the best seeds Carrots and tomatoes, but stored them together with the dead 8-12 years ago, prescriptions in one container. And then. By April? A green mold will start a buoy in pumpkin and cucumber seeds, from the artichoke seeds and the coils are climbing white, and from the carrot seeds - red worms. Cicky seed immigrants are already jumping along the walls.

Conclusion: seeds of different collection terms Store in different packages (preferably in polypropylene) and even in different rooms; After all, the pests are some eight-nine meters to slip - it is all right with the scent. It's time for the trash bin!

And from externally good seeds Invalibrate and slightly damaged often form weakened plants giving low yields. When immersed into a solution of the table salt (40 g per 1 liter of water), they pop up for 4 minutes (except for tomato seeds, they require a clock check). For sowing, they use the seeds on the bottom after washing with water on the pitch.

For the prevention of fungal diseases, all seeds must be treated or immediately before sowing, or 3-4 months before it.

• Seeds of radish, cabbage, pepper, eggplant are placed in gauze bags and lowered for 20 minutes into water with a temperature of 50-52 ° C. Then "blanch" their 2 minutes in the cold (14-16 ° C) water, scatter with a thin layer on paper and dried to the state of the flowability, so as not to reduce the germination (with a cabbage experiment with the cape, the processed seeds are not stored for more than a year!).
• Good grade cabbage glory, but vascular bacteriosis can be precanent of her ahead of time. Therefore, for the prevention of its seeds withstand over an hour in the juice of garlic, diluted with water 1: 3 followed by drying.

The treatment of tomato and cucumber seeds and cucumbers with a solution of methylene blue (or stage of pharmacy) during the day at 18 ° C. 1 g "Sinky" dissolved in 4 liters of water, enough to disinfect the glass of seeds. Seeds after processing are dried, but not washed! Also, seeds of tomatoes and carrots are not washed when processing calanchoe juice (6 hours at room temperature for umbrella and about tomatoes). Microfertilizers when soaking for 6-8 hours are practically not received inside the sleeping seed, so it is not particularly relying on this procedure. Only zinc and vitamin B1 are currently important.

Take 0.5 g of sulfur-acid zinc and one vitamin B1 ampule (thiamine chloride) and dissolve them in 0.4 liters of boiled water. In such a solution, immediately before sowing, the seeds of tomatoes, peppers and eggplants are kept for 16 hours, then dried and sowed, dusting with Yuka-2.

• You can simply pour 10-12 g of seeds at the bottom of the half-linet bank and "throw up" to them 4-5 sophisticated garlic teeth. Without access, the air garlic for 1.5 days will kill all surface infections on cabbage seeds.
• Carrot seeds, onions, beets for the prevention of dry and black rot warm in water at 52 ° C for 15 minutes, as mentioned above for other types of vegetables, but in this case the seeds can also be stored.
• The beans to protect against anthrax (podhosts of the pods) are disinfected 20 minutes in water at 47 ° C.

Plants of the Pumpkin Family, of Naturally, now treasure early, they quickly lose the germination of dampness. But in the middle of April, keep in mind that it is better to warm up for three days at 52 ° C, but not on the battery, where the temperature can be overwhelmed, but in the kitchen, closer to the ceiling.

© Tatiana Mironchik, Agronom-Semenovod I.Dunichev Gardener, Yuri Sllykov, Stavropol

Buying seeds for sowing to seedlings is an important annual procedure, on which the quality of the future crop depends. It is necessary to know: where to buy good planting material, how to choose seeds and what manufacturers to trust.

Outside the window is February, and many dachas will already be scratched with hands, and torments the question: how to buy good seeds to seedlings? It often happens that the landing material is not cheap, and the care is not proper - and there are no shoots. How to choose good seeds and get a high-quality harvest? Experienced gardeners And experts will be prompting: where to buy, when and what to pay attention to.

How to choose seeds for seedlings by packing and appearance

Buying seeds to seed out, it is very important to check not only the integrity of the package, but also carefully read the packaging.

The following information should be attended on each product:

• the full name of the manufacturer and the country of production;
• patchwork and his legal address;
• name of culture (variety or hybrid);
• seed weight or number in pieces;
• year in which the harvest was assembled;
• Party number;
• description of the culture itself;
• GOST.

Please note how the date of production and shelf life is applied. Such information is imprinted on the packaging by stamp. And if it is clearly seen that the date is printed in the printing house, then such seeds should not be purchased, since there is no guarantee of their quality.

It is quite difficult to determine the characteristics of the planting material on their own appearanceThis can only be done in the laboratory. But you can pay attention to the following indicators:

• All seeds of one variety should be the same size and color;
• The grains themselves should not be damaged or crushed;
• Seeds should be dry and no suspicious painful spots (if it is not their natural color);
• Packaging should be solid, without the slightest damage, any stains or scuffs.

The best seed manufacturers in Russia

To date, there are many companies dealing with seed packaging. In pursuit of profit, unfair entrepreneurs often forget about the importance of quality. Therefore, it is necessary to be very responsible to approach the selection of planting material.

Experienced summer residents are more likely to prefer proven and proven fimes that are in the domestic market for more than 10-20 years. Among them, you can allocate, according to reviews and recommendations of the gardeners, 10 best manufacturers Seeds:

• Aelita;
• Gavrish;
• Russian garden;
• Cedack;
• Plasma;
• Sebo junior;
• Sibsad;
• Watercolor;
• House seeds;
• Biotechnics.

Be alert, buying imported seeds. Their high price is not justified with quality. You should not admire bright packaging, because the goods itself is often overdue. Unscrupulous suppliers simply stick the date of production with a translation with a new stamp.

Purchase of seeds via the Internet: Advantages and Disadvantages

The acquisition and delivery of seeds and seedlings by mail (order by phone or via the Internet) has its advantages:

• saving your time to collect information;
• a huge range of goods;
• the ability to compare prices;
• consultation of a specialist;
• product information from other buyers;
• saving funds through joint purchases (SP).

If you have chosen seeds of one company, the right decision will be the acquisition of goods through their official website. Thus, you will protect yourself from scammers and save funds, since there is no need to pay for distributors services. Also, the cost of sending will cost you much cheaper than the acquisition in several online stores.

More details about buying seeds via the Internet in our article.

Purchase of seeds in China

Recently, the acquisition of seeds on Aliexpress, and other large-scale Internet playgrounds in Russian, is very popular. Such a purchase has a lot of advantages:

• free shipping;
• very low cost of goods;
• exclusive and rare varieties;
• discounts for wholesale purchase.

At the same time, the main drawback is the risk:

• Often, sellers offer a lower price or gifts, when ordering without design and prepaid. Be careful, this is a hoax.
• Seeds may not proper, but when opening the package, you will not return money.
• You can not send the wrong product, or it will be damaged on the road - you will be returned to the means or send seeds again, but sowing will be missed.

The Aliexpress shopping area is a variety of large and small shops as well as individuals. To avoid deception, make sure the online store on reviews and rating is reputation, and do not negotiate your prepayment and shipping bypass.

10 most common mistakes when choosing seeds

In order to get a good harvest and avoid deception when buying a planting material, it is necessary to avoid the 10 most common errors when choosing seeds:

1. Do not buy seeds of unknown manufacturers. Avoid dubious vendors selling on the street or in tents;
2. Bright colorful packaging is not always a guarantee of quality, you only overpay for color printing. Seeds of domestic producers in simple packages and are cheaper, and have higher quality indicators;
3. Choose a material according to the descriptions and characteristics of a certain culture, by the number of seeds and their quality, and not on the image on the package;
4. Buying hybrid varieties with the goal in the future to harvest the planting material yourself, you will only spend money. Such seeds are necessary every time to acquire from the manufacturer, since the process of harvesting and processing of grains can not be carried out at home while maintaining varieties;
5. Seeds in a water-soluble ribbon, like "dued", are processed by a complex of stimulants and fertilizers, so you should not refuse them. Such seating material is carefully checked and will not harm your health;
6. When buying seeds of exotic cultures and new varieties, take into account the climatic conditions of your area. When landing, be sure to wait for the favorable phase of the Moon, choosing the most suitable day for landing;
7. If you want to purchase something out, then observe the proportion: use 2/3 of already proven seeds, and 1/3 new. Thus, you will secure yourself from complete failure in germination;
8. Do not purchase landing material about the reserve. A small amount of the future will not harm, and the seed seeds will lose their properties;
9. Avoid spontaneous shopping. Purchase seeds if necessary, and only those that planned;
10. Buying a cheap product in colorful packaging, there is a possibility of acquiring poor-quality goods. Do not save on seeds so that they do not have to buy them again.

When to buy seeds to seed

You can prepare soil and container, as well as buy a seating material at any time, if you are confident that there is a dry and ventilated place for storage. Otherwise, it is better to do it immediately before landing, given the delivery time.

It is recommended to acquire seeds of vegetable crops from February to June a month, annual colors - from mid-winter to the end of spring, perennials - with the onset of autumn. Lukovichny and tuber plants are better to buy in October-November, and not before the landing season, then the price will be significantly lower.

Outcome

Buying seeds to seedlings Avoid common mistakes among gardeners. Use the rules for selecting the planting material by packing and trust the proven and domestic supplier, and acquire a quality product.

What could be more pleasant to the seasonal harvest from his own garden! But in order for this crop to collect, it is necessary to take care of a lot, and you need to start with right choice Seeds for landing.

The range of seeds of vegetable crops is very large. For sale, they are exhibited both in stores and in the markets and in the kiosks. What seeds choose not to fall into the trap of unscrupulous vendors who give the wrong information about their product and offering you neraidyed, i.e. Not varietal seeds?

All sowing material must be adapted to local conditions. Carefully study the packaging. Often buyers are frivolously refer to the question - how to choose seeds, paying attention only to the name of the variety, and even just making a choice of beautiful packaging. But on this package, in addition to the title, all necessary information should be placed:

• standard designation;
• party number;
• the number of seeds in pieces or their weight in grams;
• shelf life;
• address and phone manufacturer;
• any additional information (agrotechnics of this culture, its trademark, etc.).

If there is no such information on sachets with seeds, then it is better to make your choice elsewhere. In addition, even if the packaging is decorated correctly, the seller must have certificates with a limited validity period confirming the varietal authenticity of this seed batch.

How to choose cucumber seeds

To obtain a good crop of cucumbers, it is necessary to distinguish between varieties and hybrids intended for landing into protected primer (greenhouse) and directly to the garden. Total varieties and hybrids of this vegetable culture are several thousand, so the question is how to choose the seeds correctly, is interesting to many gardeners. If on the package next to the name of the variety, the designation F is added - in front of you seeds of hybrids. The figure near F denotes the seed generation, for example, F1 is the first generation of hybrids, which differ in higher characteristics against the varieties from which were produced.

The F1 varieties give an increased crop less susceptible to diseases and little attract pests. But there are one small drawback - with hybrids it is impossible to collect seeds with the same wonderful qualities, so for the next year you will need to make a choice again. But, if you already know how to choose seeds, you can make it unmistakably.

For planting to greenhouses and greenhouses, modern self-pollized hybrids are considered the best: Buyan F1, Moscow Region Evenners F1, Matryoshka F1, Courage F1, Annie F1 and others.

In the open ground, the highest yield gives the hybrids of the blizzard F1, the goose f1, ant F1, Meltelitsa F1. Spring F1, nightingale F1, cellar A1, Masha F1 and others.

The best and correct will be the choice of several varieties and hybrids for open soil, with planting them on different beds to exclude possible infection. It is important to look at the cold resistance, resistance to mild false dew, as well as on the timing of ripening of cucumbers (early, secondary and late). Depending on your region, choose seeds for maturation, usually preferably early grades. The self-pollability of the variety is not a little importance, allowing to tie the cucumbers even into cool and rainy days when they will not wait for help from insects in pollination.

How to choose tomato seeds

Varietary tomatoes are also more weak than hybrids. It is more reasonable for open soil to acquire more hybrids and a bit of varieties. And for planting to the greenhouse, give priority exactly, although it does not hurt a bit and hybrids.

Tomato seeds differ in determinants (with limited growth) and intederminant (stretching to 2 meters). The latter are perfect for greenhouses and are capable of fruit to autumn. Knowing it, choose the tomato seeds will not be difficult.

How to choose potatoes seeds

The potato tubers themselves are taken on the potato seeds from the most yield bushes. If you are already growing good yield, select immediately during harvesting healthy intact tubers weighing 50-80 g.

If you need to re-select the potatoes seeds, then take them in stores or in special farmers with certificates. The best seed tubers elastic, with plenty of eyes.

Be sure to inspect whether the planting material is not infected. Signs of potato diseases are indulged solid dark gray spots, black thighs, brown ulcers.