House, design, repair, decor. Yard and garden. Do it yourself

And from where a refreshing coolness is taken on a hot summer day, you need to consider the main principles of air-conditioning systems. For this, it is worth remembering the school lessons of physics, on which it was about the absorption of heat fluid, and simple experience: a cologne or alcohol poured into the hand, which in the process created a pleasant chill. It is this simple principle that is used in modern air conditioners.

What is the standard split system from? As a rule, inside it is a closed circuit, which moves the liquid -. Talking inside the contour, the refrigerant in one place absorbs heat in order to highlight it in the other. This process proceeds in special tubes - which are made of copper and contain aluminum transverse partitions. For a faster flow of processes in heat exchangers, air is injected, making it using special fans.

Based on the name of the processes occurring in the heat exchanger, one of them is called, and the other. When the air conditioner works "on heat" as performing internal evaporator (Part of the air conditioner located in the room), and when working "on the cold" - everything happens on the contrary. Takov principle of operation of air conditionerBut what's the point?

The cold itself is not a complete product, but only derived from heat transfer with refrigerant. This process in the literature is called "". Thanks to him, air conditioning performance is obtained in three times higherthan its power consumption. At first glance, this may cause bewilderment: 300% efficiency - is it really possible? What is a refrigerant and how can it be transferred from the room in which the temperature is about 20 degrees, outside, where the temperature is twice as high?

It turns out everything is much easier than you can assume. The temperature transfer directly depends on the pressure, and it does not linearly, and monotonously. Thus, in the process of transporting the pressure value becomes higher than the phase transition temperature. The boiled refrigerant changes its state of liquid into vapor-shaped and begins to absorb heat from the ambient air, while the necessary pressure is created in the heat exchanger, in which the temperature of the phase transition becomes below the surrounding. In the reverse process, the refrigerant gives its heat air, and the transition temperature rises.

One more an important detail The air conditioner is closed loopTo create which at least two elements need: - to increase the pressure and the throttle device - to reduce it. The first one is installed immediately before the condenser, and the second before.

In general, there are five elements that are mandatory in air conditioners of any type: a closed circuit, an external and internal heat exchanger, compressor and a throttling device. They are the main component of both the simplest and most complex split system.

In our time, a four-way valve is added to the full-featured operation of the air conditioner in the circuit, thanks to which it can produce both heat and cold. Such a split system was called " air conditioning with reversing cycle", The additional function of which was the transfer of heat from the room to the street and back.

• 3. Compressor - Squeezes Freon and supports its movement along the refrigerator. The compressor is piston or spiral (scroll) type. Piston compressors are cheaper, but less reliable than spiral, especially under conditions of low outdoor air temperatures.
• 5. Four-step valve - installed in reversible (heat - cold) air conditioners. In heating mode, this valve changes the direction of movement of freon. At the same time internal and outdoor block As if changing in places: the internal unit works on heating, and the outer-cooling.
• 4. Control board - As a rule, it is installed only on inverter air conditioners. In not inverter models, all electronics are trying to post in the inner block, because
• large drops of temperature and humidity reduce the reliability of electronic components.
• 1. Fan - Creates a stream of air blowing a capacitor.
• In low-cost models has only one speed of rotation.
• Such an air conditioner can work consistently in a small range of outdoor air temperatures. In higher-class models designed for a wide temperature range, as well as in all semi-industrial air conditionersThe fan has 2 - 3 fixed speed of rotation or smooth adjustment.
• 2. Capacitor - Radiator in which freon condensation and condensation occurs. Air blowing through the capacitor, respectively, heats up.
• 7. Freon filter system - It is installed before the entrance of the compressor and protects it from copper crumbs and other small particles that can enter the system when mounting the air conditioner. Of course, if the installation is made with a violation of technology and a large amount of garbage fell into the system, the filter will not help.
• 6. Equipment - Copper pipes connecting the outer and internal blocks to them.
• 8. Protective quick-consuming lid. - Closes the fitting connections and terminal blocks used to connect electrical cables. In some models, the protective cover closes only a terminal bar, and the evillans remain outside.

Internal unit of air conditioner

• 1. Front panel - It is a plastic lattice through which air flows inside the block. The panel is easily removed to maintain the air conditioner (filter cleaning, etc.)
• 2. Filter coarse cleaning - represents plastic grid and is designed to delay large dust, animal wool, etc. For normal operation of the air conditioner, the filter must be cleaned at least twice a month.
• 5. Evaporator - Radiator, in which the heating of cold freon and its evaporation occurs. Blowing through the radiator air, respectively, is cooled.
• 6. Horizontal blinds - regulate the direction of the air flow vertically. These blinds have an electric drive and their position can be adjusted from the remote control. In addition, blinds can automatically perform oscillatory movements for the uniform distribution of the air flow through the room.
• 7. Indicator panel - On the front panel of the air conditioner, indicators (LEDs), showing the operation of the air conditioner and signaling about possible faults.
• 3. Filter of fine cleaning - it happens different types: coal (removes unpleasant
• smells), electrostatic (delays small dust), etc. The presence or lack of fine cleaning filters does not affect the operation of the air conditioner.
• 4. Fan - It has 3 - 4 speeds of rotation.
• 8. Vertical blinds - Serve to adjust the direction of the air flow horizontally. IN household air conditioners The position of these blinds can be adjusted only manually. The ability to adjust from the remote control is only in some models of premium air conditioners.
• Pallet for condensate (not shown in the figure) - located under the evaporator and serves to collect condensate (water formed on the surface of the cold evaporator). From the pallet water is displayed outside through drainage hose.
• Control board
• (not shown in the figure) - usually located with right side inner block. The electronics unit with the central microprocessor is placed on this board.
• Equipment
• (Figure not shown) -
• located at the bottom rear of the indoor unit. Copper pipes connecting the outer and internal blocks are connected to them.

Principle of operation of air conditioner

After installation, the air conditioner is connected to the electrical outlet, which is carried out according to the schemes specified both in the internal and external blocks. Detailed description The steps of this process and the maintenance requirements are usually given in the instructions separately for each device depending on its power.

It should be borne in mind that the electrical circuits of connecting the air conditioner for low-power household and more powerful semi-industrial (commercial) models differ. The first are single-phase, and the second as one-phase and three-phase connection.

There are two methods for washing the split-system: directly through the outlet and by summing up the wire to the electrical tailor. The first option is suitable for household appliances and in case of completed repair in the room. The second method is acceptable for powerful aggregates, as well as for devices of different power at the initial stage of draft repair work. Household models are more likely to be commissioned in the first way, so it will be considered in more detail that it will be more detailed.

As a rule, the wovening of the split system takes place in several stages, which should be strictly followed if the user plans to perform it independently. So how to connect the air conditioner with your own hands without appropriate experience? It is difficult, but quite feasible.

Sequence of work

First of all, the owner of the Split system is obliged to remember the sequence of work. They are held according to such a scheme:

• preparation of materials and tools;
• study of the air conditioning connection schemes;
• laying of inter-block cables - connecting them to the terminals of the internal and external blocks of air conditioner;
• connecting the device to the network;
• check the parameters of the operation of both modules.

Depending on the internal device The cable can pass both from the outer and from the room unit to the power source.

Connection and connection of air conditioner inter-block cables

If it is decided to connect the air conditioner to the power grid through the outlet, then you need to make sure that it will endure the upcoming load. If the required parameters are not compliance, the installer should not connect the device to it and must explain to the customer the essence of the problem, as well as offer the output from the position - laying a separate line to the shield.

Here are the basic requirements for the outlet:

• The socket must have a grounding or differential relay;
• It must comply with the required values \u200b\u200bspecified in the instructions for the split system. The best ratio is the high power of the network and the low power of the cooling device;
• Air conditioning is not placed on one line with other powerful devices;
• It is forbidden to power the device from the socket if an aluminum wiring is used. To connect the air conditioner through it it is necessary to take a copper wire with the corresponding cross section area;
• It is important to make sure that the socket itself is connected through an automatic, which has a distance between contacts of at least 3 mm in an open state;
• The work performs only an experienced installer in accordance with the required state and local standards.

Subject to all listed requirements proceed preparatory work By connecting the air conditioner to the outlet with your own hands. First check availability required toolsand then clean the cable veins with a knife or device for removing isolation. Now switch to the laying of inter-block cables and connect the external unit of the air conditioner, and then internal.

Modern reinforced Euroresets are usually suitable for high-power devices.

The connection is carried out according to the circuits on the blocks on which the terminal blocks corresponding to inter-block cables are indicated. Unconnected cable veins are required to isolate so that they do not come into contact with the current-friendly parts of the air conditioner.

Marking terminals for ON / OFF models of split systems:

• 1 - power supply compressor;
• 2 (n) - general neutral;
• 3 - four-way valve;
• 4 - fan of the external block;
• (land).

Marking of terminals for inverter models of split systems:

• 1 - nutrition;
• 2 (n) - neutral;
• 3 - management;
• (land).

In some Chinese economy class aircraft, a separate wire is laid for connecting the temperature sensor.

Wires are connected to terminals. Box with terminals is under the blocks panel. In accordance with the numbering of the wire of the internal module, connect with external contacts.

Stages

Brief Instructions for connecting the air conditioner with your own hands for the inner unit as follows:

1. Remove the decorative panel from the block.
2. Remove the protective cover from the connectors and the cord lock.
3. Put the inter-block cable through the mounting hole in the back of the device.
4. Prepare the cable to connect, after reading it and removing the insulation.
5. The stripped ends are inserted into the terminals and tightly tighten with screws. Mustache efforts should be approximately 1.2 nm. Usually, screw clamps are used in terminal pads to connect wires.
6. The locks are well fixed by the inter-block wire.
7. Install the terminal cover.

The same brief instructions Suitable for connecting an external air conditioner unit by electrical circuit yourself. Instead of the decorative panel, the outer block remove the protective cover and connect it with wires with an internal module through the terminals.

At the very end, they check whether the operation has been done by the connection schemes. Only then you can turn on the device.

Selection Wires for Connection

It is worth remembering what the wire is necessary for connecting the air conditioner, or rather what section is required. Its parameters are indicated in the instructions for each model of the split system individually. The section depends on the power of the device. As a rule, household air conditioners (7, 9, 12, 13 sizes) require a wire diameter of 1.5 to 2.5 mm². Current can be focused: less than 18 A - 1.5 mm², more than 18 A - 2.5 mm².

Also, the wire required for connecting the air conditioner to the electrical outlet is chosen, given the remoteness of the shield. The distance between the instrument unit and the electric shield over 10 meters requires the section from 2.5 mm².

In order to ensure reliable operation of the air conditioner use only copper wires. For a single-phase connection, a three-core wires (phase-zero-land) are taken, and for three-phase - five-housing.

The wire cannot be laid near gas and heating pipes. The minimum distance between them is at least 1 meter. If necessary, use additional insulation. As a rule, the cable is paved together with the highway in the corrugation and hide in the box or the stroke in the wall.

Cable walls are attached to clamps that are fixed with dowels or screws. When placing communications in the box for their mounting, glue or screws are used. If a hidden wiring is performed, the wires are hiding in the corrugation and fix it to the wall using special clamps.

Circuit breaker

If you plan to power the split system from the panel, then you will need protection devices by one of which is the circuit breaker. It is selected regarding the rated power of the device specified in the technical passport or on the external block. It is advisable to always leave a small stock. For example, start-stop air conditioners have a very high starting current, excavating for 20 A. and although the duration of work is small at such values, after all, it is worth considering it.

You can choose the necessary values \u200b\u200bof the current automaton by the formula: the air conditioner power (kW) is divided into network voltage (220 V) and increase the data obtained by 20-30%.

When connecting the air conditioner to the supply network, it is important to remember that the circuit breaker must have a distance between the contacts in the open state of at least 3 mm for each phase wire. Strictly observe the phase: the phase connection procedure must correspond to the order on the terminal block.

For air conditioners, a circuit breaker of type C is fits. It fully ensures the safety of the engine load and has high response characteristics in the event of an emergency situation.

You need to make sure whether the electrical stopper allows additional equipment to it.

It is worth remembering that both for air conditioner and for other household electrical devicesThe most reliable is the connection through a separate line. With this option, it is not necessary to install a protective shutdown device and a differential relay.

Connecting the LG Art Cool Gallery air conditioner for electrical circuits

Below in the photo will be given electrical circuit Connecting air conditioner LG inverter type. The first circuit is the connection of the indoor unit, the second is the connection of the outdoor unit. Third photos - terminal block external block. Fourth photo - Fully ready-to-function internal block. The split-system of 9 models presented in the photographs is installed in the apartment, connected to the outlet and works fine. The installers used a copper feed cable with a cross section of 1.5 mm².

In order to cope with all the stages yourself, you can watch the video installation and connecting the air conditioner with your own hands below:

The principle of operation of any air conditioner is based on the property of fluids to absorb heat during evaporation and allocate it during condensation. To understand how this process occurs, consider the air conditioner scheme and its device on the example of the split system:

The main nodes of any air conditioner are:

• Compressor - Squeezes Freon and supports its movement along the refrigerator.
• Capacitor - Radiator located in the external block. The name reflects the process occurring during the operation of the air conditioner - the transition of freon from the gas phase into liquid (condensation).
• Evaporator - radiator located in the inner block. In the evaporator, Freon moves from the liquid phase into gaseous (evaporation).
• TRV (thermostatic valve) - Freon's pressure lowers in front of the evaporator.
• Fans - Create a stream of air blowing evaporator and capacitor. They are used for more intense heat exchange with surrounding air.

Compressor, condenser, TRV and evaporator are connected copper pipes And they form a refrigeration circuit, inside which the mixture of freon and a small amount of compressor oil circulates. During the operation of the air conditioner, the following process takes place:

• The compressor from the evaporator receives a gaseous freon at a low pressure of 3-5 atmospheres and a temperature of 10 - 20 ° C.
• The compressor compresses the freon to pressure 15 - 25 atmospheres, as a result of which the freon heats up to 70 to 90 ° C and enters the condenser.
• The capacitor is blown by air having a temperature below the freon temperature, as a result of the freon cools and moves from the gaseous phase into liquid with the release of additional heat. In this case, the air passing through the condenser is heated. At the exit from the condenser, Freon is in a liquid state, under high pressure, Freon temperature is 10 - 20 ° C above the temperature of atmospheric air.
• From the capacitor, the warm freon enters the thermostatic valve (TRV), which in household air conditioners is performed as a capillary (long fine copper tube, retinue in the spiral). As a result of passing through the capillary, Freon pressure drops to 3 - 5 atmospheres and freon cools, part of the freon can evaporate.
• After a TRV, a mixture of liquid and gaseous freon with low pressure and low temperatures enters the evaporator, which is blown up with indoor air. In the evaporator, Freon fully goes into a gaseous state, taking heat from the air, as a result, the air in the room is cooled. Next, the gaseous freon with low pressure enters the input of the compressor and the entire cycle is repeated.

This process is based on the operation of any air conditioner and does not depend on its type, model or manufacturer. In the "warm" air conditioners in the refrigeration circuit, a four-way valve is additionally installed (on the diagram is not shown), which allows you to change the direction of movement of freon, changing the evaporator and condenser in places. In this case, the internal unit of the air conditioner heats the air, and the outer block cools it.

Note that one of the most serious problems during the operation of the air conditioner arises if the freon does not have time to go into a gaseous state in the evaporator. Then there is a liquid that, in contrast to gas, is incompressible. As a result, it occurs a hydrate and the compressor fails. The reasons why Freon may not have time to evaporate, maybe several. The most common - contaminated filters (at the same time the evaporator and heat exchange) and the operation of the air conditioner is worse) low temperatures Outdoor air (in this case, the evaporator enters the supercooled freon).

Scheme of compounds of the heating system, corporate and air conditioning(Start): 1 - Mounting block of relay and fuses in the engine compartment; 2 - mounting block of fuses in the cabin; 3 - a block of control of ventilation, heating and air conditioning; 4 - fan operation mode switch; 5 - air conditioning switch; 6 - highlighting lamp; 7 - relay of the heater electric fan; 8 is an additional fan electric motor resistor; 9 - ECU SIRIUS D4; 10 - ECU MR - 140; 11 - ECU HV-240; 12 - heater fan electric motor; 13 - instrument illumination brightness knob

Scheme of the compounds of the heating system, thermal and air conditioning system (termination): 1 - Mounting block of relay and fuses in the engine compartment; 2 - mounting block of fuses in the cabin; 3 - recycling valve drive electric motor; 4 - air conditioner compressor relay; 5 - a block of control of ventilation, heating and air conditioning; 6 - air conditioning compressor coupling; 7 - ECU SIRIUS D4; 8 - MR - 140 ECU; 9 - ECU HV-240; 10 - Rear window heating relay

1) Air Conditioning Control Switch Chain, Electrical Plate Resistor and Control

but. Information about the connector

b. Conditional designation & and finding contact number

in. Location of connections and mass connections

R / p dashboard

m. Contact Ploda

s203.

s204.

2) Air conditioning control switch chain, intake damper drive and air conditioning compressor

but. Information about the connector

Many of us enjoy at home or at work units for cooling air indoors - air conditioners. But not everyone knows about how they function. The task of this article is to explain the device and the principle of operation of the Split system, which is most common in our daily life.

Device of household air conditioner

Modern split - the system is divided into two parts - external and internal blocks. Each of them performs its function and contains a set of appropriate equipment. Inside the body of the outer block is a heat exchanger - a condenser, a fan, designed to drive through it, and the compressor is a pressure supercharger. Of the smaller, but no less important functional elements, a dryer, an expansion valve and copper connective tubes should be selected. In addition, the device of this node provides for a power supply from the power supply, for which it has the necessary electrical elements, as well as automation tools.

Note.In the case when the design provides for the operation of the split-system for heating, a four-way valve with an electric drive, a compressor heater and a condensation pressure regulator is additionally installed in the outer unit.

The inner part of the air conditioner, in addition to the case, contains a heat exchanger - an evaporator with filtering elements, blinds for the direction of air flow and body for collecting condensate. Between the inner and outer block, 2 highways for the coolant are laid, on a pipe with a large diameter, it moves in the form of gas, with smaller - in liquid state. Below, the figure shows the split system device indicating the main elements:

1 - compressor; 2 - a four-way valve to switch the "Winter - Summer" modes; 3 - electronic unit; 4 - axial fan; 5 - heat exchanger - condenser; 6 - highways for refrigerant; 7 - centrifugal fan; 8 - heat exchanger - evaporator; 9 - coarse filter; 10 - Filter of fine cleaning.

Principle of operation

Split - a system, like every refrigerator, is distinguished by very high efficiency. For example: a cooler that consumes an electrical power of 1 kW, has a cooling capacity of approximately 3 kW. At the same time, no laws of energy conservation are violated and the efficiency of the installation is not at all 300%, as might think.

It should be understood that the principle of operation of the air conditioner is not in the production of cold, but in the transfer of thermal energy from one place to another by means of a refrigerant called the working fluid.

Freon appears as a working fluid, whose boiling point is almost 100 ºС below the same indicator in the water. The cunning is that for vaporization, any liquid should receive a large amount of thermal energy, its working body and takes away in room air in the evaporator. In physics, this energy is called the specific heat of the vaporization.

Freak evaporated in the inner block on a large diameter tube enters the compressor that creates pressure in the split system and further into the heat exchanger - the capacitor. The working body under pressure is intensively condensed in it when contacting the outer air, releasing the heat absorbed heat into the atmosphere. Only now this is called the specific heat of condensation, with a constant amount of freon in the system, its value is equal to the expendable vaporization energy. As the process described occurs, the scheme of operation of the air conditioner split system shows:

After transition to the liquid phase, the refrigerant passes through the dryer in order to separate the moisture and enters the expansion valve. Here, due to a sharp increase in the size of the channel (nozzles), the pressure and the working body is reduced again to the evaporator for the next portion of heat.

From electrical equipment that consumes considerable power, in the diagram you can see two fans and the compressor, the remaining sources of power consumption are negligible. That is, given in example 1 kW of electricity is spent only on the rotation of the axes of the fans and the compressor, the rest of the work is done by Freon.

All other features are automatic systems. By reaching set temperature In the room, the sensor gives a signal to the control unit, and it stops the compressor and fans, the process stops. Air environment The room heated, "and the sensor again initiates the launch of the cooler, such a cyclic work is continuous. At the same time, inverter split systems, whose design is slightly different from the device of ordinary air conditioners, never stop the process. Such aggregates are characterized by a smooth change in temperature and a quiet mode of operation of the compressor.

Note. With intensive heat exchange processes on the edges of the evaporator and the capacitor, the moisture contained in the air, for its collection and removal, the design of the air conditioner provides for the bath and tube system.

To move the installation to the air heating mode, switching the direction of the working fluid movement, as a result of which heat exchangers change with functions, the outer becomes the evaporator and selects heat from the environment, and the internal acts as a capacitor, transmitting this energy to the room. To redistribute flows into the circuit, a four-way valve is introduced so that it should not be wiser with the compressor.

Conclusion
Split - system, like others refrigeratorsIs very economical due to the effectiveness of its work. It is for this reason that they were widely popular for creating comfortable conditions in various destination buildings.

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