Date: 2017-10-29
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IN modern world construction and finishing materials are very popular. One of the most common types of goods is paints. They are mainly used for renovation work and for decorating space.
When choosing a paint, first of all, you need to decide on its purpose and the necessary properties. There are several classifications. According to one of them, there are paints intended for the ceiling, paints for the floor, for walls and other surfaces. Also, this material is divided depending on their composition and characteristics.
And also primer enamel for rust, enamel pf 115 and others paints and varnishes at low prices
There are several criteria according to which types of paint are divided.
The main types of paints
Purchasing paint for renovation work is an important process. Main characteristic, according to which all materials of this type are divided - composition. In many respects, the properties of a particular type of paint are determined by the chemical composition, the binding elements of the paints. Therefore, it is important to know the main characteristics that can help determine the approximate composition of a substance.
There are eight main types of paints:
Oil... One of the first appeared on construction counters, but now it is rarely used. The main raw materials for this material are drying oils. This leads to a long drying process. After using such paints indoors, it costs a long time bad smell, many associate repair with it. However, due to the wide variety of materials, this type of paint is very rarely used.
Water-based... It is also called water-dispersed. Includes latex, acrylic, PVA glue and silicone paints. They are combined into one group due to their common properties - water for raw materials, which is used to produce a particular material, is not a solvent. The interaction of liquid and pigments leads to the formation of a special film, often called paint and varnish.
Silicate... Liquid potassium glass is used as the main raw material for the production of this material. This paint has a number of advantages - it is resistant to moisture, has increased adhesion and transparency. It has only one drawback - it cannot be used in conjunction with organic materials.
Alkyd... Based on alkyd resin and fillers different types... Versatile material with strong resistance to abrasion and aggressive environments. They are used inside and outside. However, despite the fact that it has increased characteristics, the price is also higher.
Enamel... This type can be attributed to alkyd paint. The raw materials are based on varnish, which in turn allows the painted surface to sparkle in the sun. They are used for exterior and interior painting. Waterproof, UV and rust resistant.
Silicone... Consists of emulsified silicone resins. It has all the positive qualities inherent in alkyd paint, but at the same time it allows air and water vapor to pass through. Due to its elastic composition, it is able to seal cracks up to 2 mm. It is used not so often due to its high cost.
PVA - Polyvinyl acetate... The cheapest type of paint. It is environmentally friendly and resistant to daylight, but this is where the positive qualities end. The main disadvantage is the inability to withstand moisture, precipitation or water. That is why it is often bought for internal works as the most economical and not demanding material.
Acrylic... They contain pigment, water and acrylic resin. Environmentally friendly, odorless paint. That is why it is the most popular and most people choose it when doing home renovations. Dries very quickly, withstands sunlight, water, fire resistant. Excellent material, devoid of shortcomings.
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Today, surface painting is one of the most common types of finishes. In order to correctly use the paint, which is offered by the modern market in a large assortment, it is necessary to understand the varieties of this material.
As a rule, paints are made according to the same component scheme, they usually contain:
The base is needed to form a film on the surface. As far as the pigment is concerned, it is a color imparting agent. Fillers are components that save pigment and give the formulation shine and strength. Special additives reduce the rate of drying and hardening, protect the material from solvents, mildew and mold, and improve properties.
Some special additives can impart fungicidal properties to the paint, as well as the quality of fire safety. Looking through modern species paints, you can understand that they usually contain from 8 to 16 components. The quality of the product will depend on how correctly they are mixed and selected.
It is possible to classify paints according to different parameters, but first you should consider the types of material for their intended purpose. Thus, paints can be:
The latter variety is characterized by high resistance to external factors such as rain, ultraviolet radiation and temperature fluctuations. They cannot be used to paint surfaces inside buildings, as such materials are toxic. The modern market are offered different types paints, among them those that are intended for interior work should be highlighted. They are not used outdoors, as they have low resistance to negative factors. Universal paints can be used for indoor and outdoor use, they are water-based, so they are not toxic.
Considering the types of paints, you can understand that they can be classified according to their composition. Thus, paints for painting works can be:
The type of paint thinner used is divided into the following groups:
The first variety uses white spirit as a solvent. Water-based paints are water-soluble, while nitro-enamels are used as a solvent for acetone.
By visiting the store, you can find different types of paints. They are classified according to the purpose and chemical composition of the film-forming substance. Paints and varnishes can be classified into five groups. The first group contains compounds indicated by the following words:
For those paints that consist of only one pigment, when designating the first group, the name of the pigment is used instead of the word "paint" (for example, red lead). If we turn to the second group, we can note that it speaks of the chemical composition and determines the type of film-forming substance. It is designated by a group of two letters. If you saw the MA designation, it means that you have oil paint in front of you. The abbreviation GF indicates glyphthal enamels.
The third group of characters is indicated by the number that comes after the hyphen. It denotes the purpose of the composition. If you need paint for outdoor use, then you should choose the one in the marking of which there is a unit after the hyphen. Two indicates paint for interior use. To paint the bottoms of boats, paint with a four after a hyphen is used. All subsequent numbers indicate a serial number, as an exception, only oil paint appears.
Hiding power is one of the main characteristics of the paint, it is expressed in the volumetric content of the pigment, which is necessary to cover one square meter of the surface. For example, dry paints are finely ground powders that form an opaque layer with binders. Pigments are represented by artificial or natural compounds.
They do not dissolve in water and oils; when mixed with solvents, they settle to the bottom. The finer the grinding of the pigment is used, the higher the quality is. White pigments include whitewash, chalk and lime. The latter can be hydraulic or air.
One of the popular varieties of modern paints and varnishes is water-based paint. It is an environmentally friendly material that can be applied to any surface. The resulting coating is permeable to air vapors, the layer has good hiding power and is compatible with oil, glue and enamel paints.
Painting with water-based paint can be carried out on the surface of the adhesive paint and varnish material only if an alum or vitriol primer has not been previously used. This requirement is due to the fact that the aforementioned substances are capable of destroying the water emulsion. If such primers were used, then the surface should be washed out, covered with linseed oil, and only after that you can start applying water-based paint.
Painting with water-based paint surfaces that were previously painted with oil compounds or enamels should be carried out only after preliminary preparation. The surface must be washed with soapy water, primed with diluted paint or linseed oil, only then should the water-based composition be applied.
If you will be using water-based paint, the characteristics of this composition must be considered before applying the mixture to the surface. Among the ingredients are:
The viscosity of the paint can vary. If you plan to apply it to the surface with a brush, then this indicator should change within 40-45 s. For a spray gun, paint is diluted to a viscosity of 20-25 s. The mixture is consumed if it is carried in 1 layer, in a volume of 150 to 200 ml / m 2. The final value will depend on the absorbency of the substrate.
The specific gravity of the mixture is 1.3 kg / l. It will take time from 2 hours to a day to dry. This parameter will depend on air humidity and temperature. Drying humidity should be 65%, while the optimum temperature level is equivalent to +20 ° C.
Spray paint is quite popular today for the reason that it is easy to apply. It is offered for sale in many varieties. Among others, enamels should be highlighted, the basis of which is water. You can use such mixtures for exterior and interior decoration. The application is quite simple, the paint then dries up in a short time. You can remove it from the base within half an hour using a damp cloth.
After drying, eco-paint - another type of aerosol formulations - forms durable coating which is not exposed negative impact ultraviolet radiation. Spray paint can also be used for metal. The mixture can be composed of three components, namely:
Spray paints for metal can be two-part, in which case they are prepared from paint and primer. Conventional metal spray paints are used to give the surface the desired color. Automotive spray paints can be varied chemical composition, depending on it, such mixtures can be classified into:
The first variety is characterized by rapid polymerization and is used for local repair. The second type of this paint dries for a rather long time at high temperature... The most common are acrylic automotive spray paints. With their help, you can achieve the creation of a matte or glossy surface. The result is a layer that does not require varnish protection and is resistant to aggressive environments.
Considering the types of wall paints, you should pay attention to emulsion compositions. They rinse off rather poorly, dry quickly and do not have bad smell... One of the varieties is water-based paint, which can be used under conditions high humidity... The composition is highly plastic, and its application is carried out at a temperature of +5 ° C or higher.
A variety of types of wall paints are on sale today. Among them are alkyd compounds, which are among the most popular. A mixture based on alkyd resin is created and used for application to wood, metal and plastered walls. Silicate paints use water as a thinner. This composition should not be applied to walls previously covered with alkyd or acrylic mixtures.
Glue paints are also used for wall decoration. They contain organic polymers previously dissolved in water. Use this material it is possible for internal and external work, because it is resistant to aggressive environmental influences and adheres perfectly to plaster, concrete and brick.
Floor paint is used quite often in interior decoration today. It is offered for sale in the following varieties:
Varnishes are made from natural and synthetic resins, as well as oils that are diluted in plain water or organic solvents. This type of paint includes colorless and colored varnishes. The main advantage of acrylic paints is their safety. They do not contain organic solvents and therefore are not toxic. This floor paint dries quickly, is easy to use, and can be washed off with water during the painting process.
As for the enamels, they are also easy to work with, they are inexpensive, so they got wide use when painting floors. Considering the types of floor paints, enamels should also be highlighted, which include several components, among them:
Considering the types of water-based paints, emulsion compositions should be distinguished that do not contain organic solvents, are fire and explosion safe and are not toxic. PVA-based paints have a low cost, they can be applied to surfaces only in dry rooms. Their additional drawback is a rather meager palette of shades. Acrylic paints are also water-borne. They are resistant and not afraid of wet cleaning. That is why such formulations can be used even in damp rooms.
Acrylic paint freeze resistant, it freezes at -40 ° C. It is necessary to thaw the mixture gradually, this should occur over several days. The container should be brought into a room with a temperature above zero. Before starting the application, the acrylic paint is stirred and, if necessary, diluted with water. External acrylic paint should dry at temperatures between 18 and 22 ° C. Complete drying should be expected after 2 hours.
One kilogram of the composition will be enough for an area of 5 m 2. After the completion of the work, the paint should be washed from dishes and brushes, because after hardening it lags rather poorly from the surface. The industry produces the following types of acrylic paints:
Polyvinyl alcohol acrylic paints should not be applied to surfaces previously treated with chalk. At the first stage, the base is prepared - the chalk layer is eroded for this.
Have you noticed how many types of paints there are today? The abundance is whole, straight eyes run up, especially for a novice artist. If an experienced artist goes to the store for the paint "accumulated" over the years, then the situation is completely different with those who have not yet decided on it.
But fortunately, a wide range of paints allows you to choose "your" material. But, only by experimenting with each of the types of paints for, which we will talk about further, you can at some specific moment understand that you have found "the same" material or materials.
You can start with watercolor, which belongs to the group of glue paints. We have known watercolors in cuvettes and tubes since childhood. Its main advantage is transparency, for which many artists fell in love with watercolors, because paintings painted in watercolors look light and bright.
The paint is easily taken on the brush and also easily falls on the paper, however, the technique of painting with watercolors is one of the most difficult, since the paint is not obedient.
Renaissance masters developed watercolors for fresco and easel works.
A skilled artist can easily paint sketches and lyrical miniatures that convey the unique states of nature with such paint. Also, the technique for watercolor allows you to paint landscapes, still lifes and even portraits. The works of Lessuer, Raphael, Van Ostade and Rubens, painted with this paint, have survived to our time.
A polymer substance as a binder for acrylic paint, protects the work with its dense and durable film. Modern, simple, reliable and at the same time beautiful acrylic paint is applied to any surface even without preliminary preparation. The colors and shades of acrylic are quite varied.
There are both liquid and thick paints. The former are used to paint pictures with a smooth surface. With the help of thick acrylic, works with an interesting texture can be obtained. Dries quickly, does not wash off and does not fade in the sun.
Acrylic allows you to work without cracking the film on moving substrates. The color does not change when dry.
But tempera, unlike acrylic, can lose color over time. Do not wash it off with water after drying. An excellent artist's tool for painting and decorative design work. With rich experience, you can use any application technique and write on both paper and canvas primed with emulsion primer.
The white or yolk is used as a binder. Tempera paints have the advantage not only of quick drying, but also of durability.
Feel free to create with tempera paints, as the application of thick layers does not affect the durability. In addition, the base can be not only made of cardboard, plywood, paper or canvas, it can also be concrete, plaster, glass or synthetic linoleum.
Oil is the main material in painting, because since the 6th century, master artists have used only it. And how many masterpieces have been painted with oil paints!
You can work with oil calmly and for a long time, but most importantly, it is oil that allows you to create the most realistic and vivid paintings with amazing brightness.
Everything here is to the taste of an amateur, because a layer of oil paint can be transparent and dense, thin and thick, light and dark, matte or shiny.
The binder is linseed and other natural oils, but mostly linseed oil.
Oil paints have good lightfastness.
The consistency is dense, the color intensity is high. The paints are easy to mix with each other.
The ideal material for oil, of course, is canvas, especially from linen, but such materials can also be used: cardboard, paper and all wooden surfaces. Although I personally do not like cardboard - it takes all the moisture from the paint, it becomes dry, which can make it lumpy.
The creation of oil paintings definitely requires certain skills when working with technology, so you cannot do without training and gaining experience.
This is truly amazing, simple yet challenging material. Gouache is painted by both children and great artists. Remember the works of Picasso and Rubens? Here are some of them were painted in gouache.
With such paint, you can easily fix any defect, this is where its lightness lies, but the difficulty - to achieve the desired color and even tone is not rarely a difficult task. Again, you need to experiment.
This paint is bright and water-borne. The whitewash that is part of it makes it slightly pale, but velvety.
Compared to oil works, gouache is stored less. But gouache is absolutely harmless, which cannot be said about the composition in oil paint.
Gouache paints are similar to watercolors. They only differ in their color opacity. But you can't use watercolor technique in this way.
People have painted with these natural minerals since prehistoric times. In the form of crayons, they can depict nudity, since its tone just matches the color of the human body.
Sepia and sanguine are applied quite easily, and are shaded with the same ease. Such materials can be combined with charcoal, because it practically does not differ in the principle of working with sanguine and sepia, but by experimenting, you can get inspiring and interesting works.
The most popular and oldest material. With absolute accuracy, it conveys the state and mood of the artist to the object. It is also easily shaded and rubbed like sanguine. Using charcoal, you can increase the effectiveness of the picture due to its deep black color, which is good for painting or drawing lines on parts of the face.
It is important to learn how to handle it with care, as it is fragile and it is easy for them to get dirty. But besides that, you will, of course, need to know about the techniques with this material.
Ink (carbon black) can be used to make thin (pen) and wide brush strokes. You cannot erase mascara! This might scare newbies, but it's actually a plus. After all, having got the hang of it, you can make your work much more expressive.
Unusual view pictorial material. But with the help of pastels, you can give the picture magic and fabulousness using the appropriate technique. In fact, these are the same crayons or pencils, and the artist does not need to mix colors on the palette.
You can see how beautiful and diverse the pastel technique is by looking at the excellent works of Levitan, Dega or Sirov.
The convenience of working with this material is also striking: you can mix shades to get the desired tone right on paper using the same shading. Layers can overlap, and any defects can be easily masked.
Mastering the technique of working with pastels is quite simple and interesting.
Finally, we can say about two more colors used in painting - on ceramics and stained glass.
Stained glass. The name speaks for itself: paint allows you to create the effect of stained glass or real colored glass. It can be solvent-based or water-based. Can be used on glass and other smooth surfaces.
Ceramic paints are characterized by their non-fluidity. This opaque paint can achieve a glazed ceramic effect using hot or cold painting techniques.
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Paints differ not only in color
We used to perceive that paints have different colors, but most importantly, they differ in properties, characteristics and applications. Acrylic, water-dispersion, water-based, silicate, silicone, oil, enamel - and this is not the whole range of materials that can be used to transform the interior and facade of a building. Today we will look at the main types of paints and varnishes - water-based, acrylic, oil paints and find out the features of each.
Water based paintWater based paint- Ideal for painting walls and ceilings, and also suitable for any porous surface. Drywall, plaster, concrete, wood, brick - the material will fit on all these coatings without any problems. However, "water emulsion" is unsuitable for painting varnished surfaces and applying to glue paints.
As an environmentally friendly product, water-based paint is odorless and non-toxic. This coating is perfect for bedrooms and children's rooms.
DignityAcrylic paint
Oil paint
Oil paint- made on the basis of drying oil (oil) of natural or artificial origin and soluble pigments. It is versatile and inexpensive, however, it gives way to more modern and high-quality products. Apply it to plaster, wood, metal and concrete surfaces... Due to its waterproof characteristics, the paint is applied on surfaces that are often washed. A serious drawback of oil products is a toxic odor that persists for a long time.- durability;
- versatility;
- water resistance.
Flaws
- long drying time (about 24 hours);
- has low vapor permeable properties;
- toxic odor.
Choosing the right paint
According to the scope of application, paints can be divided - for indoor and outdoor use.
Paints for outdoor works, or as they are often called - facade. Such a product must have important characteristics: resistance to sunlight, good vapor permeability and adhesion... Most often, for facade work, the buyer prefers water-based and oil paints since the merit of these products meets most of the requirements.
To the paint used for interior work your requirements - environmental friendliness, ease of application, quick drying... Acrylic and water-based paint... They will certainly transform the interior of the house, bring interesting and unusual results to the design.
Even without being a sophisticated linguist, it is easy to see that the words "beauty" and "colors" have common framework... You can paint a dwelling from the outside and from the inside, you just need to remember that the facade and interior materials differ significantly from each other in properties and composition.
