Research work in chemistry and biology in school
Introduction
Bread, crackers and crackers belong to bakery products of long-term storage, it is convenient to take them on the road or put in a bag in case of light snack. But not all of these species are useful for health. From conversations with peers, we revealed that most of them use crispy crackers in food with great pleasure. Most often, they act as fast snack, relieving the nervous voltage and just a lot of people willing to hurt them in pleasure. Yes, and we ourselves do not mind to enjoy. But problems with digestion, heartburn, pain in the stomach, become frequent. We had to think: crispy crackers are harm or benefit
Tasks:
conduct a survey among schoolchildren;
Explore the composition of crackers;
Consider the effect of food additives on the body;
Make recommendations for the use of crackers in food;
Proceed with results
Objective: Study of the composition of crackers and their influence on human health.
Hypothesis of research: Sukhariki can adversely affect the growing human body if they are used in large quantities.
Object of research: crackers of various, most famous brands.
Subject of research: the effect of crackers on the human body.
Structure research:
1. Subject to the composition of crackers.
2. Using school survey data to determine:
a) the most popular gras of crackers;
b) how often crackers eat;
c) the degree of awareness of the dangers and benefits.
3. To analyze the nutritional supplements included in the sugar.
4. Based on the results obtained, make the appropriate conclusions.
Main part.
Sugari in our territories have long been one of the most common delicacies supplied to fragrant tea. As a rule, it is crackers from wheat flour, dubbed. They add poppy, raisins, sesame. In fact, they are addicted bread, the most famous product, without any eating from most people. That is why the benefits and harm of the suchars have long been well studied by specialists in the field of food.
"SUKHARIKI" are salted crackers from rye-wheat flour with dozens of flavoring additives. To date, there are crackers: with cheese, bacon, with cheese and bacon, with the taste of Mexican sauce, with taste of mushrooms, with a taste of chicken, with pizza, with salami, with smoked salmon, with a taste of chill with horseradish, with a taste of marinated cucumbers, Tomato and greens, the taste of sour cream, with a taste of ham with cheese, salmon with cheese, chanterelles fried in sour cream and others.
Sucharikov production technology is considered rather simple, it includes a certain set of mandatory stages. First, at the initial stage, there is an incoming control of bakery products, secondly, cutting bakery products, thirdly, roasting and processing of billets with special spices, of different types of food additives and flavors. At the final stage, special extracts and packaging of the finished product are performed.
Sukhariki have an extraordinary property - they are able to immerse a person into the world, which we are not given. We automatically put yourself in the mouth of the crackers, and at this time our head is pleasantly empty.
Sukhariki - well quench hunger and help from boredom. The target audience for crackers is significant - all people who have teeth. The overwhelming majority of capable citizens are insanely like crowns. Suckers involuntarily, imperceptibly for a wide consumer, began to distribute in the commodity network. In the post-crisis time (1998-2000), the production of crackers experienced its peak.
Sucharikov composition: Bread made of rye and wheat flour mixture (rye ridge flour, wheat flour 2 span, drinking water, cooking salt, bakery and vegetable yeast), vegetable oil, comprehensive flavoring and nutritional supplement (salt, natural and identical Natural aromatic substances, maltodextrin, dextrose, spices, taste and aroma amplifiers (E621, E627, E631), vegetable fat, supplement that prevents helling and coming (E551), an acidity regulator-citric acid.
The benefits of crackers.
In the breadcrumbs contained in a large amount of fiber. In addition, the benefits of superstars are that they contain a number of microelements needed to human body, such as calcium and phosphorus, magnesium and potassium, sodium and iron.
Sugari contain a large amount of carbohydrates and is very well digested by the digestive system. Unlike fresh bread, the benefits of superstars are that they are unlikely to cause meteorism. This is especially important for older people.
According to doctors, the benefits of superstars in their ability to help the state of intoxication after poisoning. Sukhari allow the stomach to restore the normal mode of operation, and to restore the body.
In the breadcrumbs, as in bread, there are vitamins of group B, which, when dried, do not disappear. Also, the benefits of superstars in the presence of an amino acids indispensable for the human body, to which methionine and lysine belong.
Indeed, we are familiar to see crackers from wheat bread, but in recent years there have been a lot of rye crackers. It is known that the benefits of greed flour in their smaller calories. Therefore, they are very good for those who want to get rid of excess weight without refusing to bump products.
Damage to crackers.
However, with all simplicity and accessibility, the crackers cannot be a universal food. Especially since the harm of the sugar can be when they are unnecessary use and can be expressed in complications with the intestine. Moreover, for people suffering from peptic diseases, both duodenal guts and a stomach in the aggravation stage, wheat crumbs can be eaten, but very carefully, and rye are contraindicated.
Now on sale a lot of diverse crackers and crackers, but most often taste flavors, stabilizer and other substances, unsafe for the body are added to them. Therefore, it is necessary to approach this kind of delicacies very critical, avoiding abuses in particular, so that the benefits and the harm of the suchars did not appear in any way!
The damage of industrial production crackers for the body lies in their "rich" composition - after all, in such a product, abundant contains a whole list of substances that adversely affect human health. Therefore, regular use in large quantities of crackers with all sorts of artificial additives will soon be the cause of diseases of the stomach, intestines, urinary system, as well as various inflammatory processes. E 627,631 - Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
E 621 - Allergies in overdose is observed: Headache, rapid heartbeat, nausea, chest pain, drowsiness and weakness.
E 551 - Emulsifier, maintains the structure of the food product.
What is food additives.
Food additives are substances introduced in small quantities in food products in order to prevent products from damage, improve the taste and appearance of food, as well as accelerate the timing of the food product. But in large quantities are not only not useful, but even harmful to health!
Dangerous food additives included in various types of crackers
E102 Dangerous, prohibited in a number of countries, causes asthma attacks
E211 Corresponding
E635 intestinal disorder is prohibited in a number of countries
E330 Corresponding
E341 Stomach Disorder
E621 banned for baby food
Practical part.
Chemical experiments with crackers.
Qualitative definition of fats
Summarkers were put on the filter paper and bent it in half, crushing the test sample on the bending of the paper. Remove crackers with filter paper and looked at the paper. (On paper there was a bold footprint)
Preparation of water exhaust for high-quality definition
soluble components
They crossed the crackers and moved the crumbs into the test tube. 15-20 ml of distilled water was added and the test tube in the flame of the alcohol was heated. Filtered the resulting mixture. The filtrate was collected and used for testing 3-5.
Quality definition of sodium cations
Flame staining reaction.
Sodium volatile compounds are painted the burner flame in a characteristic yellow color.
Performance of the reaction: the pure squeezed nichrome wire from the loop at the end is lowered into the solution of sodium salt and brought into a colorless flame of the burner; In the presence of sodium ions, the flame is painted in yellow.
Qualitative determination of chloride ions
Pour 1-2 ml of water exhaust and add 3-4 drops of 5% silver nitrate solution, and then 1-2 ml of 0.1 M nitric acid solution. If the ion chloride is present in the solution, then a white precipitate falls.
Qualitative definition of starch
Pour 1-2 ml of water exhaust to the test tube and add 2-3 drops of a 3% alcohol iodine solution. The bright blue coloring of the solution speaks of the large content of starch in this product.
1. Wheels, D.V. Health and strengthening of its factors / D.V. Kolelesov. - M.: Biology in School magazine. №3, 1989.
2. Malakhov, G.P. Reasonable meals / G.P. Malakhov.-C - Petersburg, 2003.
3. Potapov, A.I.Voriy lifestyle: alloy of knowledge, skills and beliefs // A.I. Potapov. - M.: Biology in school. №3.1988.
4. Khargkov, A.G. Hygiene and health schoolchildren / A.G.Hripkova, D.V. Wheels. - M.: Enlightenment, 1998
5. Talk about proper nutrition / methodical manual. - M.: Olma Press, 2001
6.pish additives. E-codes Publisher: Valeology-M, 2006
Recommendations for the use of crackers.
Do not buy products with too bright coloring;
Those thoroughly study the label;
Do not buy products with excessively long storage;
the less the list of ingredients, the less additives;
Try not to use the "snacks" in the form of crackers;
Do not offer crackers to children younger.
SUKHARIKI - the product is delicious, but not very useful for health. Here you and high calorie, glutamate sodium and carcinogens.
Nutritionists believe that children's nutrition often determines the duration and quality of their continued life.
Many diseases of the nervous system, many types of cancer, liver disease, pancreas, a number of male and female diseases can be connected with food.
Nowadays, in the period of constant nervous stress, overwork, and in addition, with horrific environmental problems, attention should be paid to its nutrition.
Do not load your body, because he is so hard!
Proper nutrition in childhood is a health foundation for life.
The safest food - under the label "The product does not contain artificial dyes and preservatives."
Products having a bright color are filled with dyes.
Engage in sports, do not have bad habits, and most importantly - right hand!
In the food industry, crops are called bells, white or rye bread, cut into smooth pieces and dried in special furnaces. This method increases the shelf life of bakery products, allowing you to avoid financial losses in the process of selling products.
Reference: Due to the prolonged shelf life, dried slices are traditionally included in the servicemen's diet.
All the crowns that exist today are divided into two categories: simple and feet. Simple crackers are made from any kinds of bread. In recent years, a lot of varieties appeared on sale from rye bread. There is a small assortment of beer snacks made of white bread. Sugari for soups and salads are usually made from coarse bread varieties.
Double crucks are prepared from sweet buns, cakes and other baking. For about 15 years, the stores sell miniature dried lumps from white bread. Such a product is great for afternoon use.
It would seem why such a beautiful fresh and soft bread or buns turn into hard crucks. For a long time, the people were told that only the old ears of bread is needed. However, in our time there was a mass of recipes in which crackers prepared from fresh pastries are used.
If you decide to try to make them yourself, the knowledge of cooking will be useful in such cases:
Important: Dried bread is much more useful for health than fresh pastries. Sugari will help many people with intestinal disorders, because they have a fixing effect.
When cooking, you can give your products any form at will. Most often there are options:
Despite the simplicity of making dried bread pieces, there is a lot of recipes. The result depends even from the most insignificant nuance. I'll tell you about my favorite.
This recipe can be called classic - it is the same principle of preparation most often and applies when you can make a portion of crackers.
Recipe information
Cut the bread with slices with a thickness of about 1 cm. 
Each of them cut along on equal parts. 
The resulting long pieces of bread do short stripes or cubes. 
Evenly decompose the bread on dry contradiction and bake at 140 degrees about 35 minutes. Time of baking can be reduced by increasing the temperature, but then it will have to be careful to be carefully followed so that they are not burned. 
An excellent addition to homemade crackers will be a variety of sauces: garlic, and so on. Well, if you eat all the cooked crumbs, you could not immediately, then shred them into the crumb and use as breaded.
Such an imperious product is very good for children. They will gladly hurt with healthy cubes or cubes. It will take a loaf of rye bread. It is necessary to cut off the entire crust, as it becomes very rigid when drying.
Cut the bread into small pieces of the desired form. If the bread is large, then do not attempt to make too small cubes or lumps, so in addition to the mountain of crumbs nothing will happen. It is desirable that the thickness of the products does not exceed 1 cm.
Features: Yesterday's bread is cut much easier than fresh.
Put prepared bread slices put in one layer on a baking sheet, fastened with parchment, sprinkle with water slightly. Heat the oven to the average temperature, and then place a baking tray there. Bring the crunches to the required crunch degree periodically stirring.
Garnic taste makes ordinary rye or wheat crumbages incredibly appetizing!
Singing the purified garlic through garlic and connect it with sunflower oil and salt. Give the mixture to be broken 20-30 minutes. At this time, cut the bread with small slices. After the specified time, the bread placed in a clean plastic bag, add a prepared garlic mixture and shake well to a uniform distribution of refueling. 
Dry the crackers in the oven, setting it by 100-120 degrees, until the crisp effect is obtained.
Such crackers are convenient to cook from baguette. Put it on the slices, 1 cm thick and decompose in the form for baking. Slice sprinkle with vegetable oil and spray to taste. Then place the shape in the oven preheated to the average temperature and wait for the habit. Dish is ready.
If you wanted to prepare your favorite salad "Caesar" on their own, then it is desirable that the crackers for him are also home to him.
Cut the bread with the same smooth cubes. Heat oven to 120 degrees. Put the pieces of bread on clean, no lubricated baking tray, and roll 10 minutes.
Meanwhile, the olive and sesame oil should be pouring on a preheated pan, add vinegar. Garlic with onion grind in a blender or sell through the press. Place them in the pan and bring to light golden color. In a separate dish, mix the salt and all seasonings. Add this mixture to the pan with bow and garlic. Sliced \u200b\u200bbread put in a deep bowl and paint hot sauce with a frying pan. Stir. Then put the crackers again on the baking sheet and bake them for another 10-15 minutes at 200 degrees.
To beer is very tasty to salty homemade crackers from rye bread with a spicy flavor.
Cut the bread with small parsing or squares. Mix vegetable oil, chopped garlic, red pepper, salt and greens. Future crackers fold into a new cellophane bag and pour a spiced mixture. Package Tie and intensively shake so that the bread absorbed refueling. Lay out slices on a dry baking sheet and bake in the oven until golden color.
Cheese crushers are real delicacy. You can make them from any kind of bread. The main thing is to choose delicious solid cheese - it depends on how much an appetizing appetizer.
Cut the bread with small cubes or bars.
Very unusual and elegantly, a mixture of pieces of different bread looks. Mix mayonnaise, butter, salt and pepper. Pour the resulting sauce in a big bowl and cut into it sliced \u200b\u200bbreads. Spread slices on the babysitter and sprinkle from above the finely squeezed cheese.
To create sweet superstars, it will suit white bread or a loaf. And even better, if you have baked breads with a variety of fillings, you can simply cut into small pieces and bake without additional additives.
There is also a very simple recipe for delicious delicious bread. For sweet crackers, take the Baton, 250 g of sour cream and 2 tbsp. Sahara. Baton Cut the middle thick strips, and then the squares. In two separate bowls, place sour cream and sugar. Each bit of bread first loose in the sour cream, and then wash in sugar. Lay out the prepared product on a dry baking sheet so that slices do not touch each other. Bake sweet crackers in the oven at a temperature of 200 degrees for 5 minutes.
Delicious crackers can be prepared in a microwave oven. That's just without certain skills and knowledge, you risk getting "pebbles" from bread or fought coils. Take advantage of the following advice so that the crackers please the unsurpassed taste:
You can try different recipes for creating dried bread slices: both sweet, and salty, and sharp, and acidic. Do not forget to regulate the sharpness and salinity, depending on the purpose. For example, in the soup you can make more sharp crowns.
In order for each new experiment to be successful, you need to remember several general rules:
Several tips on the rules for storing homemade crackers:
Succari without additives can be stored for several months, and the maximum shelf life of supersers with any inclusions is 7 weeks.
Prepare homemade crackers even easier than buying in the store. Moreover, you will be 100% sure that there are no harmful additives in the created crunchy culinary masterpiece. Well, while I described all the recipes, so thought about the tastes of superstars, which went and prepared garlic crackers in a skillet, as in this video:
Delicious incredible!
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In our country, crackers are familiar delicacy. Since ancient times, they were served to tea. Basically, they make sweets adding raisins and other candies. Initially, crackers began to make for military and soldiers, it was a wonderful way out, as ordinary bread quickly flies and cannot be kept for a long time. Then the method of re-baking bread moved into ordinary families and the crackers became an addition to the usual diet.
The main component of the product is bread so that the crackers benefit, the quality of flour and other components should be high. Sugari is a rather calorie product, it is worth remembering. The content of carbohydrates increases if various additives are present: sugar, raisins. But despite the high caloric content, they are easily absorbed and digested. Baking at high temperatures does not destroy useful vitamins and trace elements that contains bread. Such vitamins include fiber. It is very useful for the digestive system. Fresh bread often causes the bloating of abdomen and flatulence, especially in people aged and those who suffer from digestion. In this regard, the crackers do not cause similar symptoms. Doctors came to the opinion that the crackers help to cope with the consequences of poisoning when the intestine is not able to digest many products. Also bread contains lysine, it is an amino acid that does not destroy under the action of temperatures during the preparation of superstars. White bread flour bread is most often used, but recently rye crackers from black bread use more and more often, they also found their admirers. The most useful crackers prepared at home, such a product quickly do and is confidence in his quality.
As always, any product has a series of contraindications and harmful properties, crackers are no exception. It should be noted that homemade crackers will not harm with moderate use. Before buying a finished product, you need to get acquainted with the composition, there should not be extraneous additives, preservatives and flavors. The modern market offers salted crackers with various tastes, this is a very harmful product that cannot be used by anyone. It is also necessary to monitor quantity, as the constant use of superstars in large volumes can lead to problems with the stomach, constipation and even allergic reactions. Rye crackers are contraindicated to people with gastric diseases, such as ulcers and chronic inflammatory processes. Supliki is a delicious additive that can benefit if you know the measure and balanced to eat.
Gastritis occurs when inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Regardless of the form of it, the most important point in the treatment of the disease is a diet. Its compliance guarantees pain relief and improving the overall state. From a number of products will have to abandon at all, including from freshly baked bread. It is desirable to introduce crackers into the diet instead.
It is believed that crackers should not be used with gastritis. This is a solid product that can even more irritating the gastric mucosa. But this point of view is not quite true. You can use crackers and you need, as they:
When using the product in a dry form, it can scratch the walls of the stomach and cause irritation, so it is necessary to drink it with tea, milk, juice. If the stomach is observed an ulceration or polyps, crackers from the menu should be excluded. You can not use them in case of exacerbation of the disease.
With any form of gastritis, fresh bread and baking cannot be used. Bread yeast, getting into the stomach, react with hydrochloric acid. This leads to fermentation, which is accompanied by bloating and pain. It should be abandoned from black bread with increased acidity, as it increases the amount of acid.
Sugari and drying with gastritis are allowed to use. But at the same time you need to follow a number of simple rules:
Sukhari are recommended in food, because they are well absorbed and rich in fiber. But in nutrition, with this form of the disease, moderation is important. You need to eat 4-5 times a day, but in small portions. With properly organized nutrition, other gastrointestinal diseases can be avoided.
With exacerbation of gastritis and its chronic drag, it is advisable to eat as much as possible. The excessive amount causes pain and burning in the area of \u200b\u200bthe stomach, may cause nausea and vomiting, disorder of the intestinal work.
Manufacturers prepare crackers with different additives: with raisins, poppies, nut, salt, spices. Buying a product need to know which crushers are allowed to use when inflammation of the stomach. Since this product without all sorts of additives on the shelves is difficult to find, it is reasonable to prepare it at home.
It is preferable to use wheat-rye or white fresh bread for drying. White crushers are allowed to use with different gastritis forms. This method is most secure, since you yourself control the composition of the product and the process of its preparation.
The recipe is quite simple. Use wheat or rye fresh bread, vegetable oil, salt. Cut with cubes, stirred with a small amount of oil and salt, shaking in a polyethylene package for a uniform distribution of components.
They are laid out on a man in one layer and dried in the oven at + 150-180 ° C for about 10 minutes. The crackers are considered ready if they are covered with a golden crust on top, and inside the slightly dried.
There are other recipes for their preparation. As ingredients use:
The bread is cut into cubes with a thickness of up to 1 cm. In a separate bowl mix oils and salt. The mixture is poured into bread and are evenly distributed over the surface. Bread cubes are placed in a pre-warmed oven for 10-15 minutes. Used in soups, salads, as breading during grinding. It turns out delicious crackers soaked in oil, harmless with gastric issues.
The perfect option is to completely abandon salt and oil. For lovers, you can dry with a sinky bread and sprinkle with it with vanilla. It turns out vanilla crackers. When gastritis, you can use dryers that are usually prepared and sold without additives.
Grinding dried bread is used when preparing steam dishes from meat and vegetables. Cutlets, meatballs, broccoli for a couple are prepared by recipe with breading. And it can be added to broth or soup. Such dishes are included in the menu with proper nutrition.
If, when using this product, pain or unpleasant sensations arise: heartburn, belching, heaviness, then it is better to refuse it to completely and turn to the gastroenterologist, since these symptoms may be a consequence of another disease.
With inflammation of the stomach, we use crackers:
Drying can be eaten by drinking them with liquid. They dissolve quite quickly and are well absorbed by the stomach. Bread can be used if it is dried, eliminating fresh pastries.
This product perfectly replaces fresh bread and is its alternative for the category of patients who cannot do without bread and other baking. But some prohibitions still exist.
It is worth abandoning its use in the case of:
The gastroenterologist must determine and compile a list of those products that can not be with gastritis. Depending on the form of the disease and its flow, a menu is drawn up, which should be strictly followed so that the pathology does not move into a chronic form or peptic disease.
Power under gastritis should be organized correctly, it is precisely from this that the state of the stomach depends. If you do not improve the diet and do not reduce psycho-emotional loads (another reason for gastritis), the disease will progress. And is it possible to use crackers when gastritis, you decide to read this article by reading this article.
Information on our website is provided by qualified doctors and is exceptionally introductory character. Do not self-medicate! Be sure to contact a specialist!
Gastroenterologist, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences. Assigns diagnostics and conducts treatment. Expert Groups on the study of inflammatory diseases. Author of more than 300 scientific papers.
Nutritional value, chemical composition and variety of sugar
The composition of the superstars is bread of different types and varieties. Smokhariki with various fillers and additives to beer are now very popular. These crackers are prepared from bread, cut them, on small square, or rectangular pieces, baked and sprinkling with all souments. Calorie crackers are high, but they relate to diet products, because the human body is easy enough. There are many types and varieties of crackers. Consider the most common.
Useful information for those counting kcal in the diet:
This type of sugar contains vitamin RR (niacin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin E (TE). Among macroelements in this form, the suckers contain sodium, phosphorus, magnesium (41.2; 24.1; 19.8% in 100g of the product, respectively). Microelements include vanadium, manganese, silicon, (425; 190; 166.7% of the daily rate, respectively).
In 100g wheat crimens contains:
In this form, the superstars contain vitamin RR (niacin) - 12.5%, choline - 9.4%, vitamin E (TE) - 8.7%, in 100g of the product. The content of trace elements includes manganese, cobalt, molybdenum (25, 23, 15.4% in 100g of the product, respectively), and macroelements, it is sodium, chlorine, fluorine (24.2; 23.7; 10% in 100g of the product, respectively).
100g creamy cochrains contains:
This type of sugar is cut and baked in the form of strokes. This food product is perfect for tea drinking, with milk and jam, and if this kind of sugar is grinding, then this is a wonderful panicing for baking and cooking in a grain.
Sucks are useful for digestion, they are easily digested and absorbed by the body. White bread crags contain vitamins B1, B2, RR, E, as well as minerals: calcium, iron, iodine, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, potassium, they are rich in carbohydrates, so they are often recommended for poisoning and after operations.
In 100g, white bread crashes contain:
This type of sugar is baked from rye bread. Rye crackers are used in various salads, served to first dishes and used when cooking Kvass. They are consumed by people inclined to completeness. Since the calorie content is small, then by using them, you can get rid of extra kilograms of weight. They quench the feeling of hunger, satisfy the body, even if they eat very little. Rye crackers contain vitamins B6, B2, B9, E, H, RR, as well as minerals: copper, phosphorus, vanadium, zinc, cobalt, calcium.
In 100g of rye crackers containing:
Now, the industry produces rye crackers with all sorts of sprinkles for beer, which are widely popular with consumers.
Benefit. If we talk about the benefits of crackers, then you need to prepare them at home from various varieties of bread. These useful products, unlike the shopping, do not contain preservatives and taste amplifiers, and therefore possess useful qualities.
They contain a large amount of fiber required for the digestive tract. They have iron, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, vitamins of group B, lysine and methionine.
Sugari is much more useful than fresh bread. For those who are sitting on a diet, this is exactly what is needed, especially rye crackers (more useful substances in them).
Harm. Sugari should not fry in oil, especially in palm or sunflower. In this case, carcinogens are distinguished, harmful to the liver and pancreas.
Sukharikov must be dried in the oven, stirring constantly, but it should not be salted. You can finished crackers before serving with olive oil and spice with spices or herbs, and salt, even if pouring out, it turns out a large concentration, which is harmful to the body.
It is impossible to use a lot and often crackers in food. In this case, the gastrointestinal tract may suffer, which will manifest itself in constipation. People who have an ulcer of the stomach must refrain from rye superstars and how can you easily use the rest. Apply in food, this product, you can throw in the first dish so that they soften and in moderate quantities.
