Moving to a new apartment at all times was a joyful event for people.
And when, in the 60s, our compatriots began to actively move from their dilapidated wooden houses or densely populated "communal" to individual apartments with central heating, their feelings were such as people moved to the palaces.
And no one came to no one in mind the desire to criticize his precious square meters and call them the offensive word "Khrushchev".
Moreover, each of these apartments had a lot of good. For example, a niche under the window in the kitchen is a seasonal kitchen refrigerator.
We need to pay tribute to designers: walls in brick houses That period was erected very massive.
Accordingly, the windowsills that the tenants unfamiliar with the word "Design" tried to decorate with the words "design", who knew the pots with flowers on them.
Especially convenient was a wide window sill in the kitchen that at small sizes allowed the hostess to use the windowsill as an additional working surface.
Almost to the 70s of the last century, the refrigerator was considered to be very rare and not standing at each kitchen.
Given this circumstance, architects involved niche under the kitchen window to create a kind of refrigerator.
True, such a refrigerator was suitable for storing perishable products only in winter time, but, for the absence of the best, tenants in Khrushchev, he quite satisfied.
Times have changed. Today, the presence in the kitchen of modern household appliances, including the real refrigerator, is no longer surprising.
Therefore, the need to put foods in a niche under the window disappeared by itself.
But each mistress wants to maximize the entire area of \u200b\u200bsmall kitchen in Khrushchev, using a niche of a seasonal "refrigerator" as an additional locker to accommodate a wide variety of kitchen accessories.
A niche refrigerator is quite suitable for storing a small stock of vegetables and pickles. To do this, it will be needed to insist, that is, to close the through hole in the wall.
Popular plasterboard for these purposes is not suitable, because between the trim and outer wall Condensate will begin to accumulate. In the future, this will lead to the appearance of mold and the destruction of the trim.
To close the hole, best use brickwork.
Not too much and interior design Such a refrigerator: plaster, painting, neat design shelves that can be made with your own hands or to order a specialist.
Another option: change the old windows on the plastic - order from the "tinners" and the decoration of the winter refrigerator.
One of the uses of a niche under the window in the apartment "Khrushchev" - installation of heating radiator in it.
Moreover, among apartment owners there is a lot of those who prefer an increased air temperature in their home.
And although the alteration cannot be called shallow, the fridge niche in the kitchen "Khrushchev" is great for installing a battery in it, and justifies this repair.
First you have to close the end-to-end hole in the wall using brickwork, then proceed to the immediate installation of the radiator.
To avoid negative consequencesThis work is better to entrust specialists who are familiar with the process technology.
After plumbing installed the radiator battery, it will be possible to switch to the design of the niche.
Council. The design and design of the niche must fully comply with the overall style of the kitchen.
It must be admitted that during the period of mass construction of the 60-70 years, the design was not a favorite of designer architects.
because interior decoration And the design in the apartment "Khrushchev" was not distinguished by special beauty and diversity. Burnt looked and the doors closed the "refrigerator" under the window.
Of the poorly polished plywood, covered with blue or gloomy green paint, supplemented by a primitive handle and a coarse tag of the "Khrushchevsky" refrigerator, did not even try to look aesthetic.
Modern tenants such a design, of course, does not suit.
And today there are many opportunities for stylish and a variety of decoration. Doors can be made of plastic and order in the same company where windows are manufactured. Today, their design is very diverse.
Doors can be ordinary or sliding, Made in any color gammawhich will fit into the overall colors of the kitchen.
You can pick up Doors for the cooler niche in the style of the outer panels of the kitchen headset, repeating not only needed color and surface texture, but also the same handles.
Council. Wooden or laminated facades can be purchased in specialized firms or stores selling furniture. At the same time, attention should be paid to the quality of fastening fittings - it should be smoothly polished and not to have cracks, jar and burr.
In addition to the usual, there are many interesting ways to turn " khrushchev Refrigerator»In the stylish kitchen interior object.
One of them is to make a washing. In this case, the inner space of the niche is perfect for the placement of water pipes.
There are a lot of fans with such moels - it's nice to wash the dishes in front of the window that trees grow, and a blue sky can be seen.
However, before reconstruction, it is necessary to think carefully and weighed "for" and "against" after all, from window glass, in this case, you will have to constantly remove splashes and dries of soapy water.
Other non-standard solution – device in the kitchen niche of the home safe. The depth of the niche will allow you to put in it a fairly large box of safe, and massive brick walls - to extract the external facade.
Began to gain popularity another one interesting optionwhen all brickwork made of n iHI is removed and glass windows are installed on its place.
This option is relevant for apartments whose kitchens "overlook" windows to the north and need an additional light source.
At the same time, the glass unit can be small, repeating the dimensions of the niche, or have a circle shape (semicircle).
Beauty kitchen interior will add a large double-glazed if the kitchen window "extended" to the floor, removing brickwork.
Such work will not be able to make with your own hands and will have to be invited to repair professionals - departments and installation specialists and specialists.
Glass windows, as for balcony doorsSome hostesses are considered inconvenient, because it will deprive them of the window sill. However, the problem is easily solved due to the installation of one with kitchen Garnitur Countertops.
In conclusion, we can say that a small kitchen in Khrushchev is not a sentence.
It is enough to change the look at a more positive, think and rationally use each centimeter, and the creative solution will definitely appear.
We offer you to watch the video about the repair of the winter refrigerator.
For niches under the windowsill of old brick houses of construction of the 50-70s of the last century, which were equipped in the kitchen, the folklore name "Khrushchev Refrigerator" firmly secured. During the years of irreversible deficit, the underdevelopment of the light industry, the low standard of living of the overwhelming majority of the population, engineers-designers of houses of the standard series, developed in the late 50s of the 1960s and the century and built in brick execution, found a good way out of the situation - arrange In the wall of the house niche, separated from the street brick masonry, and from the side of the apartment - a closing wooden door. Functional purpose of the refrigerator under the window - storage in cold period years of products and conservation.
The times and the standard of living of the population in the 21st century have changed radically, and millions of square meters of housing, built in Epoch N.S. Khrushchev, and has developed its strength resource, to this day continue to serve a large number of Russians, despite sarcastic reviews about his quality and layout.
The most significant disadvantage that has a winter refrigerator under the window is the low thermal insulation properties of the door of the door - a wooden frame with a cloth from chipboard or fiberboard. With the onset of cold weather, the niche becomes suitable for the storage of perishable products, but at the same time the problem of constant drafts arising from the loose fit of the refrigerator door or its freezing appears. In the kitchen it becomes cold and uncomfortable.
Another significant disadvantage is a through hole connecting the internal volume of the refrigerator with an external environment. Some refrigerators were equipped with a louvre lattice, which allowed to regulate the flow of outer air inside the refrigerator, most just had a hole, not closed by any damper. When the air temperature is lowered on the street to minus temperatures, the products in the refrigerator were frozen, the cans with conservation were bursting, and the door closing the refrigerator was covered with a layer of ine.
These shortcomings were forced by the owners of the Khrushchev "Choir" to fight with cold by any affordable technicians:
But these measures did not exclude the freezing of the inner space of the refrigerator under the window into severe frost and drafts on the floor in cases where the front wind blew.
This led to the fact that by purchasing an electric refrigerator, people stopped using a refrigerator under a direct destination and used it as a box for unnecessary trash or simply laid it with brick masonry or scored by foam.
The planning of "Khrushchovok" provided for very little on the kitchen area: 4.5 - 6 m 2. Place on such a square kitchen furniture and household appliances Extremely difficult. Each centimeter on the account. Therefore, the presence of a niche under the windowsill can be very useful. But for this it is necessary to take some efforts and remake it taking into account the changed building materials and technologies.
In the period from October to April in the Central European climatic zone, the street refrigerator, reliably protected from freezing, can be used to be successfully used for storing vegetables and winter canned blanks, saving a modest kitchen area.
We will not stop on the radical method - laying the refrigerator under the brick masonry window or the heat-insulating material and the complete elimination of it as useful in the household volume.
We will not stop on semi-infantastic projects of repair with transformation kitchen window In the kitchen in Khrushchka in " french window»From the ceiling to the floor. Not only will this require permission to the internal redevelopment of the residential premises, not really really obtain permission in architectural supervision authorities to change the facade of the building. And the French window is such and is.
Let us dwell on the methods of repair and insulation of a niche under the window in order to make a refrigerator useful in the economy and uncomfortable residents with a cold challenge.
For this, one of three ways can be used:
Typical projects of "Khrushchovok", built in brick execution, are represented by almost a tenth different variations, the main difference between which was the floors and in the internal planning of the apartments.
The main parameters - the outer carrier walls of masonry at 2.5 bricks remained unchanged. Considering that the dimensions of white silicate bricks are 250 x 120 x 60 mm, the thickness of the outer wall in the brick "Khrushchka" is 620-650 mm.
The thickness of the outer wall of the Khrushche refrigerator is 0.5 bricks, i.e. 120 mm.
Internal maximum refrigerator volume could be:
These sizes could differ significantly from the maximum, depending on the particular series and the conscientiousness of the builders. But, in any case, the volume of the refrigerator under the window did not exceed 400 liters. In practice - significantly less.
This is the volume of modern two-chamber refrigerator.
Since the use of bulk insulation, such as foam or mineral wool, will inevitably lead to a critical amount of volume and make an unprofitable investment in its reconstruction, such materials should be selected that, with minimal thickness, have the lowest thermal conductivity coefficient.
These are:
The use of polyurethane foam as insulation is difficult, since its application on a warmed surface requires special equipment. Therefore, we consider the insulation of the street refrigerator with the help of foaming and foam.
When performing insulation, you should follow the following sequence:
On this, the decoration of the indoor space of the refrigerator under the window is completed.
If you plan to replace the existing refrigerator doors, the choice should be stopped on the product from metal plastic. You can order their manufacture in any firm specializing in the manufacture plastic windows. Doors are better to do swing, one or bivalve - depending on the convenience of use and location of furniture in the kitchen.
Accessories are simple, without the possibility to open to ventilating.
The inner surface of the door and frame from PVC is also a foil layer with a foil layer - so that with the closed doors it has been addressed inside the refrigerator.
If you live in a climatic zone with harsh cold winters, it will not be superfluous to equip an upgraded refrigerator with electric heating. To do this, you can use an ordinary electrical incandescent lamp with a capacity of 60-75 W, which should be installed in the waterproof cartridge at the bottom of the refrigerator under the ventilation hole. Outside the lamp must be closed with a metal mesh flange. Its power will be quite enough to maintain the temperature close to 0 ° C in severe frosts.
A simple repair made in a couple of days will allow without fears to use the converted refrigerator in the winter, without fear that vegetables freeze in it and get rid of annoying drafts on the floor.
Interestingly, the refrigerator in the kitchen under the window can have a variety of definitions in the title, and this will depend on its functionality, and from the region or the locality where it was equipped.
So, on Kolyma he will be a Kolyma refrigerator, in Magadan - Chukotka, in Sverdlovsk - Ural, and those who have time to live with an unforgettable Nikita Sergeyevich call him Khrushchev. However, such a device serves as the same goals, regardless of which region it was done.
In the houses built under the housing program housing N. S. Khrushchev and in some other, less popular projects, under the windows for radiators (obviously for the purpose of saving space) a niche is provided.
But, as you know, the Soviet people were ingenious, and in this place, by shifting the heating battery to side, some have equipped the winter refrigerator, the cooling principle in which was in a thinner wall and its cooled during the cold season. In such a device there are positive and negative momentsthat we consider below.
Council. You do not need to break your head over what kind of tiles pick up for the inner cladding of the refrigeration cabinet - the most basic requirement for the tile in this case will be its smooth surface. Therefore, without any doubt, you can acquire the cheapest and even defective tile, as well as use waste, for example, the remains of the bathroom repair.
You are unlikely to meet for any photo or video presentation of the apartment such a device as the refrigerated cabinet described above. But do not forget that the presentations we do in Europe, but we still live, in Soviet, using a variety of opportunities for household arrangement. It is bad or good - to solve you yourself!
The refrigeration compartment, which is located under the windowsill in the kitchen, familiar to many who live or lived in homes built in the sixties and seventies of the past century.
The architectural element Provided by builders with the goal:
The Khrushchev refrigerator is a sufficiently bulky niche under the windowsill of a kitchen window, which allows you to store kitchen items (dishes), and in the cold season and perishable products.
The thickness of the rear wall is only half the click. It is equipped with a hole for the intake of cold air for ventilation. Inner space The refrigerator from the kitchen separates only the door of the department.
And, like every window element, over time ceases to effectively perform its functions, opening access to cold air. Therefore, how to insulate the winter refrigerator under the window is a relevant issue for many tenants.
Note! The outer air, falling inside the niches through the ventilation hole, has a reduced humidity, which contributes to the absence of an inlet (condensate) on the stored products.
The architectural solution on the equipment of an additional niche in the kitchen has certain advantages:
A number of problems are associated with the subcast kitchen compartment. Due to the fact that outer Wall Thin, it almost always freezes in winter.
As a result, a fungus appears on the walls of the Khrushchev refrigerator, which is not so easy to remove. In addition, the air temperature in the kitchen is significantly reduced and in the entire apartment.
To solve this problem, you need to know how to insulate the refrigerator under the window? Competently made thermal insulation of the sub-circuit fridge will significantly save heat in the apartment, as well as avoid fungus on the inner walls of the department.
There are several ways to bring to the desired state of the refrigeration compartment.
The main ones are:
Warming Niche under the window
It is good to isolate a niche under the windowsill with your own hands. Equip and bring the separation to the right state will help a small instruction.
The main task is to equip a practical, useful, convenient refrigeration compartment under the window, which will be perfectly fit into the modern kitchen interior after the repair.
Tip! The door should be selected from the same profile as the kitchen window. Since it is wide enough, then the door is advisable to do a single one.
Note! The use of a sliding system or sliding door as an inside door, significantly reduces the effectiveness of the thermal insulation of the Khrushchev refrigerator. The price of such systems is higher than the metal-plastic design.
Tip! For ease of use in such a subcast refrigerator, you can organize a backlight using a low voltage converter (12V, 24V).
Insulated and primary finished niche
Note! It is not recommended to make a bulk design, since condensate will be formed between the insulation and the wall, which will subsequently lead to the formation of mold and fungus.
The plasterboard is a porilex material, which is a thin (about 4 mm), but a rather dense foam-plated foil. Due to the heat-reflecting properties of the foil, the heat transfer coefficient is equal to the coefficient of the foam plastic having a thickness of 60 mm. Prelilex is glued and comfortable.
Tip! When installing, it is necessary to ensure the gap between the plasterboard and the reilence of 10 mm to minimize condensate.
Khrushchev refrigerator, or rather the refrigeration cabinet under the windowsill in the kitchen is an integral part of many houses of the remaining in heritage from the 50s-70s of the last century. In those days, many not many could afford the presence of this refrigerator, and it was taken into account by designers and builders. A rather extensive box under the as wide and immense windowsill allowed the people at least in the winter season to store part of the perishable products in a cool and easily accessible place. It is on how to remake the Khrushchev refrigerator with their own hands, and goes on.
Many will agree that in the modern world such sophistication is no longer needed or at least require some refinement to fit into modern interiors. Although they are named "Khrushchev", but also in the so-called Stalinki they also met.
Actually, in any such apartment, the layout does not allow plenty of accommodating everything you need in a small kitchen. And as an option, you can use the space of the cabinet under the windowsill for more applied tasks. And most importantly, it is clearly necessary to do something with thermal insulation after all, now everyone understands that the better the house is insulated, the less costs for its heating will be. However, not everything is so simple with the possibility of alteration or improve the Khrushchev refrigerator. It is important to take into account a number of very important points that many self-relocities often forget.
For the order, consider options for modifications that can be applied to the Khrushchev refrigerator and explain especially important moments In implementing the selected method. It is quite reasonable to assume four options:
Remove the Khrushchev refrigerator
The easiest option is the complete sealing of the niche. At the same time, the problem with the leakage of heat through the wall thick in Polkirpich and unreliable wooden doors. For residents of the northern regions, this is actually a very rational option. Because any other modifications of the Khrushchev refrigerator will require too much attachments to do everything normally.
Close niche to be brick. Only so you can create sufficient protection against external weather. You can use SNiP 23-02-2003 (SNiP II-3-79), in which calculations are given to determine the required wall thickness. However, it is also clear that for reliable heat protection, it is enough or simply comparing a niche with the rest of the wall or leave a smaller niche of a depth of no more than 12-15 cm.
About how to lay a brick in apartment conditions, read and see here.
It should be noted that it is best to lay as brick. Options for placing drywall using various thermal insulators can subsequently exit sideways. This is mainly due to the principles of building walls as such, vapor permeability, etc. If you do not go into details, then if you simply entertain plasterboard with insulation, then condensate and frost will certainly begin to form condensate and the outer wall, as a result, the wall will begin to bloom and collapse.
If a niche is left at 12-15 cm deep, then you can safely use it to install the heating radiator. Although the alternative will simply leave not involved, because the windowsill, and it is just a huge, often used as an extra tabletop in the kitchen and better leave the space under the window sill for the legs.
Improving Khrushchev Refrigerator
The idea itself albeit seasonal, but the refrigerator under the window in the kitchen Khrushchev is very practical, it is quite reasonable to try to leave a niche in the same quality. It is only necessary to bring it to the proper condition, so that it and the appearance has appropriately new repairs and functioned better. We list the main points associated with the Khrushchev refrigerator:
So, it becomes quite logical that the main alteration of the Khrushchev refrigerator can be concluded precisely in replacing the inner door. It should provide maximum heat-styling, which is relevant in this place. Excellent solution For the task, there will be an installation of a door with one metal flap. One sash is better to do because the profile to seal will be the same as on the door or for windows, and it is wide enough. As a placeholder, you can insert both a single-chamber double-glazed glass unit, for example 4x10x4 and the sandwichpanel.
Formituities to choose the most simple in functionality. There is no need to add a flossy system, especially since the total dimensions will not be allowed to insert something significant. Fasten the metal-plastic door to the anchors on the side walls of the Khrushchev refrigerator. From above and below, it is enough to seal the space by mounting foam. The door obtained normally will withstand the weight of the windowside located on top.
Option of the swing door of plastic profile
The second option can be a slideshide system with sliding flaps. Again, order them better from glazing manufacturers. In this case, the system of sliding doors will be quite reliably isolating the apartment from the coolness in the niche. In fact, the result is a plastic Khrushchev refrigerator.
After completing the covering inside of plastic, it turns out a good well-groomed look, not far from the same in the present refrigerator. The main thing is not to shake on the installation of the normal system of the lock of sliding flaps with the adjustment. Because such a system is significantly inferior in thermal insulation by ordinary swing systems of plastic windows and doors. Not to the end, the closed sash will lead to a strong draft of cold air on the legs.
Sliding doors
And what about the inside of the niche? The hole outside, if it is better not to close, again, because at low temperatures, let the outside air goes inside, and not hot and wet inner. So you can protect and prevent condensate formation in large quantities. It is enough to close the hole in any vapor-permeable heat insulating materialFor example, mineral wool. Such options, how to make or plug in foam, do not suit. The inner walls can be sewn as moisture-resistant plasterboard and plastic, or to fly at all.
Tip: As an additional "beam, you can bring lighting inside. Again, given the features of this niche, it is better to use lighting with low voltage nutrition (12V, 24V) using low-voltage converters.
Make a useful locker from Khrushchev
A fully acceptable option will be the use of the Khrushchev refrigerator niche as an additional kitchen cabinet. In this case, it is inappropriate to use it cool in the winter, so it will be warmed by the wall and after that it starts to install retractable boxes or shelves behind the door.
The reasons for which one should not insulate the wall of the niche from the inside and the explanation on this topic can take a separate article. All tied at the point of dew and the detrimental consequences after the condensate will inevitably appear between the insulation and the outer wall, and later flexible and mold. More about this can be found in articles on the topic insulation of the walls of the house from the inside.
So what about? Most the best way This is if the apartment is already insulated along the outer side of the building with the help of polystopolistter plates or mineral wool. Then the problem with the insulation of the Khrushchev refrigerator disappears by itself. It is enough to complete the finishing of the Khrushchev refrigerator with plasterboard or tile mounted on the solution, and start the installation of shelves or boxes.
Otherwise, if there is no external warming, then the most suitable option will be the laying of at least one more brick layer. At the same time, the cold air access hole is close to the length of a solution with a brick crumb, or stains with mounting foam.
Important:If any through holes in a residential building or an apartment are installed by the mounting foam, then it is necessary to cut the protruding foam on the outer side and attach a layer of a solution of at least 3-4 cm.
On top of the sheat, you can already install either a plug-in wardrobe, assembled separately, or mount shelves or guides for boxes directly on the walls of the niche. In any case, the depth left after the insulation of the back wall is quite enough to subsequently make a lot of kitchen utensils into the resulting wardrobe.
Using Khrushchev Refrigerator for Storage Kitchen Utensils and Disaffected Products
Alternatively, with any alterations of the Khrushchev, the refrigerator should not forget that it can be transferred for one and the height of the windowsill itself. For the most part, this concerns the windows replacement process. At the same time, these events can be transferred to the height of the windowsill and compriment it to the height of all other kitchen surfaces. Often it turns out to combine the windowsill with a single surface with the transition with the main cutting table. As a result, it turns out almost 1.5-2 square meters useful SquareAnd this will have to taste any housewife. It is important to take into account and changes in the size of the ordered windows.
Glazing instead of Khrushchev Refrigerator
You can enter and completely radically. The subtle partition that determines the outer wall of the refrigerator and, in fact, the side walls to the edge of the window opening are not carried out by any load. Accordingly, it is possible to completely disassemble these parts of the wall and perform glazing from the floor itself to the top of the window opening. The result will be something similar to the French window. This will significantly increase the amount of daylight in the kitchen.
IN simple versionOf course, there will be no place for a wide and convenient windowsill. However, this is solved. It is enough to divide the space of the window into two parts and still mounted the windowsill. A significant advantage will be an increase in the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe kitchen. However, such redevelopments can not fit into any designer solution. So it should be thicker to think and weigh everything before starting work.
A significant difficulty of such a alteration can be obtaining permits. Still, it is actually redevelopment and, like any change in the plan of the apartment, it will require project design and coordination with instances. In addition, this will affect the general appearance Buildings and city management bodies simply may not allow such extensive changes.
As can be seen from the proposed ideas on repair, it is possible to use this gift from the past as the Khrushchev refrigerator. It is important to take into account those moments that may affect the comfort in an apartment or to thermal insulation, throughout the rest you need only to show a little fantasy and supply your kitchen to another useful element.
Video: An example of work on the arrangement of a niche under the window in Khrushchev
