System.
Another striking advantage of the scheme is the use of pipes of small diameters. An apartment (floor of a private house) will require the use of pipes d = 25 and d = 32 mm for a perimetral wiring diagram. Based on this, the thickness of the screed becomes larger, the diameter of the tees that connect the heating devices. The cost of such an element is commensurate with the cost of the pipe.
When collector-
Scheme.
The supply to the heating devices included in the collector wiring can be created automatically controlled. In this case, replace the plastic manual control cover (position 4 in the Fig. "Complete manifold block") on the return manifold thermo valves (position 2 in the Fig. "Complete manifold block"). Heating devices are connected to heating pipes without fittings at all (valves with a spherical shut-off element can be supplied).
Methods for filling heating systems closed type... Standard errors for this operation. Tips for choosing a size.
Leningradka heating system with forced circulation: important points... "Tying" a heater for one-pipe heating, specifics.
Many owners of real estate are thinking about how to implement an alternative heating system for a private house. Heating systems for housing, plus this.
Excellent conditions in the house or on summer cottage are determined not only by the presence of a boiler. All heating elements gain importance. People are increasingly abandoning the tee system, because it is very slow and uncomfortable. With its help, you cannot change the temperature and make repairs without creating inconvenience. Collector wiring of heat supply, on the contrary, is gaining very great popularity. Previously, it provided for excessive costs, and thanks to this, few people were willing to buy it.
The ray-type heat supply distribution has the ability to connect heating devices to the distribution system. Pipes run from each point to the battery. There are two of them: the one that supplies the heat carrier and removes it. The heating device itself is a large technical device, in fact, thanks to this, it is mainly stored in a specialized building.
A typical tee system takes into account a small number of pipes, but ignoring this, there will be many more connections. This will complicate the installation, and the possibility of failure of the unit has a lot of chances.
When the collector is divorced, the number of pipes becomes larger, but it is easy to get to all the joints, which means that the removal of the problem takes a small amount of time. Each individual branch of the heating system can simply be turned off and this will not cause disturbances in the heating of other rooms. Ray-type heat supply wiring, paired storey building, as a rule, has forced and gravitational circulation.
A key plus of the radiant heating system is the availability of its installation under the pipes. With a tee system, it is considered impossible to fit the pipes in an inaccessible place, because if repair is necessary, the walls and floor will have to be destroyed.
An alternative heating system that has a forced circulation function.
About 10 years ago, a very small number of people could afford this device. In our time, the cost technical devices significantly decreased, and this made heating systems of this type generally available.
The key plus of the forced circulation is the unnatural circulation of the coolant through the batteries. The water seal can be installed on both outgoing and receiving ways. The radiant heating system does not require special construction of dwelling rooms.
The real circulation of the coolant in the heating system foresees the operation of large-section pipes and the installation of a specialized tank. This is very often considered inconvenient, because the coolant replacement part should be installed at a higher point in the room.
The ray-type heat supply wiring with a real circulation of the coolant makes it possible to save on additional elements. Parts that are very expensive are not needed for the proper functioning of such heating systems.
If the room works as a building in the country, then the most the best choice there will be a real circulation. Even without additional devices, the house will be heated very efficiently.
Pros and cons of the heating system.
When creating a project for breeding batteries of a heating system, it is necessary to consider all the pros and cons of this type of heat supply to the room. The ray-type heat supply wiring has disadvantages, anyone who is even a little bit competent in this area knows them, but with her good qualities few people are familiar. The disadvantages include: a large expenditure of materials for construction and, of course, much higher costs than in the construction of a tee branching of pipes; the need to allocate a substantial area of space for a specialized tank or block for it.
Also, collector wiring has pluses, everyone knows that they undoubtedly exist, but there are problems with their clear definition. Very often you can hear that the radiant heating system is simply better, and that's the point. Although, for its part, it provides a large number of purposes and good sides.
They consist in the elementary creation of a project for a heat supply device; all the time, you can use pipes of the same section, which is very comfortable; the banality of mounting, due to the insufficient number of joints between the pipes; the possibility of the same circulation of the coolant.
This is very important for people who use plumbing equipment, mainly brought from other countries, which basically has three Atmosphere pressure... The radiant heating system is very rational and the heating of the dwelling is carried out in exactly the same way.
The broken part of the pipe can be simply replaced with a new one without having to dismantle the floor; the ability to turn off one of the batteries, while the others will fully work; devices for adjusting the temperature level in any of the rooms, such regulators are mechanical and automated.
This heating system is good because of its own pliability, and also the general availability of mounting automated system regulation.
Being a variation of the methods of laying heating pipes for two-pipe horizontal systems of modern private and apartment buildings, collector wiring heating system possesses a number of indisputable positive qualities. Each circuit of the system with a similar piping is separately connected to the heating manifold, which makes it possible to set for it a personal operating mode that meets the condition of a person's comfort in a certain area of the room.
Heating pipes, laid in the thickness of a concrete screed or under a wooden floor on wooden blocks, must be reliable, excluding (or minimizing) the likelihood of leaks, deterioration of throughput and other breakdowns.
Modern apartment buildings for housing and private country houses any number of storeys are very often equipped with horizontal heating systems. An obligatory element of such a scheme is one or several (in a house with several apartments - in each entrance) vertical two-pipe risers, which have branches / entrances to separate rooms / apartments on each floor. Subsequent laying of pipelines is carried out in a "horizontal" way.
When making such systems, workers invariably face the difficulty of the difficulty of laying heating pipes before heating appliances. The highways made of pipes of vertical systems, laid along the walls from top to bottom, did not bother the residents very much. Horizontal pipes, laid openly under the walls, become an argument that interferes with the natural process of using the premises, they do not fit well into their interiors. Thanks to this, different ways their horizontal hidden laying.
Layout of pipelines with a branched dead-end scheme.
Very small pipe lengths and hydraulic resistances of the circuit are leveled by mutual crossing of pipelines, leading to an increase in the thickness of the screed (each centimeter of it costs from 40 rubles / m2).
Wiring diagram for pipelines with a two-pipe dead-end system.
The absence of crossing pipes in the scheme is leveled by the need to make holes in the walls (in the above scheme, it is necessary to drill five holes).
Layout of pipelines according to the Tichelman scheme.
Here the first heater of the heating circuit has the shortest "flow" and the longest "return" length, the final heater - vice versa. The hydraulic resistance experienced by the heat carrier when flowing around the circuit devices is constant, which makes it possible to balance any number of heating devices in the branch.
Scheme of the wiring of pipelines with a collector system.
The popularity of this scheme is growing regularly. Pipes are laid here in a floor screed in pairs ("supply" plus "return"), approaching each heating device from the collectors (based on this "supply" and "return"). The advantage of the scheme is ease of installation (no crossing of pipes and wall holes). The downside is very high costs due to excessive pipe consumption and additional costs for collectors.
Another striking advantage of the scheme is the use of pipes of small diameters. An apartment (floor of a private house) will require the use of pipes d = 25 and d = 32 mm for a perimetral wiring diagram. Based on this, the thickness of the screed becomes larger, the diameter of the tees that connect the heating devices. The cost of such an element is commensurate with the cost of the pipe.
The use of manifold wiring, which increases the length of the pipes, has the ultimate benefit of reducing the pipe diameter.
With collector-wiring, the method of laying pipes in the floor in a screed is common, its thickness is 50-80 mm. Lay on top of plywood, covered with a final floor covering (parquet, linoleum). This screed thickness is quite sufficient for free "monolithing" of the intra-apartment (intra-house) collector wiring of the heating system. It is possible to lay pipes externally under the walls under decorative skirting boards, which will inevitably increase the length of the pipelines. Known options for laying pipes of the collector wiring in the space of the hem (suspended) ceiling, in the grooves.
Connecting heating devices with a collector circuit.
Used metal-plastic or PEX-pipes (pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene), laid in a corrugated pipe or in thermal insulation. An absolute advantage here are XLPE pipes. According to SNiP, only inseparable joints can be “monolithic” into concrete. XLPE pipes are connected using tension connectors classified as permanent connections. Metal-plastic pipes use crimp connectors with union nuts. "Monolithing" them means violating SNiP. Each wedge connection of pipes must be accessible for physical Maintenance(suspenders).
Even without connectors, not every reinforced plastic pipe is definitely suitable for screed applications. Manufacturers' products suffer from a serious defect: layers of aluminum and polymer ethylene are delaminated under the influence of repeatedly changing temperature. After all, metal and plastic have different coefficients of volumetric increase. Due to this, the composition of the glue that unites them should be:
Not all adhesives, even popular manufacturers from Europe of pipes made of metal-plastic, which delaminate for some time, the layer inside the polyethylene in this pipe "collapses", reducing its cross-section, satisfy such requirements. The normal operation of the system is disrupted, and the place of failure is usually impossible to find - in most cases, they “sin” on breakdowns of thermostats, pumps and other products with moving parts.
In light of the above, we advise readers to pay their own attention to VALTEC metal-plastic pipes, using the American glue of the DSM concern, which ensures the reliability of the metal / plastic connection, adhesion and the complete absence of delamination.
In an apartment with horizontal collector wiring of heat supply (on the floors of privatized houses), distribution type collectors (supply and return) are organized, collecting all supply and return lines from pipes at their own outputs. They are housed in specialized iron cabinets, very often built into the partitions of sanitary facilities and opening inward. Installation of distributor collectors in deliberately arranged wall niches is also possible. Often, the collector unit is connected to the heat metering unit in one collector cabinet.
A box for collectors with a heat energy metering unit.
The collectors can be complete, they are pieces of thick pipes with outgoing branch pipes, or they can be assembled on tees. The material for these devices will be:
Most of the well-known manufacturers of heating equipment (VALTEC, etc.) produce ready-made manifold blocks that combine the supply and return manifolds, manual adjustment valves (on the supply manifold), thermostats (on the return manifold), Mayevsky automated taps, drain valves and fastening holders ...
Complete manifold block.
The task of personal adjustment of the thermal regime of each single-radiator branch of the collector-heating systems is solved by adjustment valves with installed flow meters. The branches are of different lengths, and the heat carrier tends to flow in the shortest path with very low hydraulic resistance. It flows around short branches more intensively, warming up the heating devices installed there more tightly.
Adjusting valves on the supply manifold change the consumption of water (antifreeze), narrowing their nominal passages in short circuits, and expanding them in long ones. Tuning is a laborious process, and the tuning valve is not intended to quickly close or open the flow through the circuits. A similar function is performed by thermostats.
Thermal valves on the manifold - "return" - are valves that slowly shut off the flow manually or automatically. The radiant heating system is easily hydraulically balanced.
Often, not only one device for heating the room is installed in the room, but several. It is impractical to supply each heating device with a separate two-pipe loop-branch during collector wiring. It is better to lead a separate branch to any room, which in the middle of the room will bypass several radiators, performing a dead-end or passing scheme.
Combined wiring diagram of heating systems.
A system of this kind is calculated as a radial system. Branches supplying several heating devices with a heat carrier are subject to separate calculation as dead-end or passing ones. In modern systems, heating devices are equipped with thermal valves (thermostats), which are customizable by customers for different temperatures, based on the current requirements for the comfort of being in the room. The stability of the temperature regime in the room becomes very problematic to maintain.
It turns out that you can get rid of instability, while simultaneously reducing the cost of connecting heating devices, combining them according to the so-called. "Pass-through scheme".
"Pass-through" connection diagram of heating devices.
The thermal valve is installed exclusively on the first heating device in the circuit, regulating the flow rate for all gradually switched on devices for heating the room. They are perceived as one heating device. Balancing difficulties will appear with multi-section devices (10 or more sections).
The supply to the heating devices included in the collector wiring can be created automatically controlled. In this case, replace the plastic cover for manual control (position 4 in the Fig. “Complete manifold block”) on the return manifold thermo valves (position 2 in the Fig. "Complete manifold block"). Heating devices are connected to heating pipes without fittings at all (valves with a spherical shut-off element can be supplied).
The dimensions of the thermo valve servo drive.
A similar arrangement has very high capital costs while providing high level comfort. customer's desired temperature environment can be set from the room control panel thermostatic valve, the signals of which are processed by servo drives on the thermal valves of the "return" collector. The system can be controlled by a so-called chronothermostat, which allows the client to set a temperature control program for 7 days with differentiation by days of the week and time of day.
The heating system with collector-pipe wiring provides the client with the possibility of hydraulic balancing and personal adjustment of the operating modes of the radiators. A certain increase in the length of pipes with collector wiring is compensated in advance by a decrease in their diameter and ease of installation.
Collector heating system of a private house - pros and cons
Heating systems ask for tasks, especially when it is necessary to include both the personal tastes of the owners and the originality of the structure that needs heating. Those who live in apartment buildings are familiar with the pattern: the higher the floor, the less heat will be, which means that the degree of convenience will decrease, and the health of the families living there becomes worse. The reason is the methodical reunification of heat exchangers to one, passing through and connecting the riser together. The consumption of purchased pipes allows you to save on them, but it is unrealistic to achieve a homogeneous temperature in all apartments. The temperature will also differ in the rooms, the details of the living room.
Time demonstrates that the most optimal for a balanced regulation of the temperature regime is a radial heating system. To define it, use the synonym collector. This system of modern heat supply has proven itself with its own operating parameters and not dangerous parameters for residents.
Heating systems diagram.
The one who owns his home naturally desires with my own hands organize good system excellent heat supply. He must know for sure: wonderful heating systems have not yet been invented, therefore it is necessary to select what is the most functional and has received positive approval. The heating system, nicknamed, can be given your own preference. Its romantic-geometric name is absolutely explained: every heating device gets its own beam as a pipeline.
If the owner owns a comfortable, not very large and heavy house, which consists of 2 floors, then the scheme for constructing heating systems with the help of collectors provides for the presence of his own collector on each floor. They are connected together in a parallel way, then they put the boiler, then the expansion tank. This heating system is sometimes referred to as a two-pipe heating system. And it is right. A pair of pipelines runs through all the rooms that need to be heated. One line of pipes is formed for the direct movement of liquid - the other is responsible for the road back.
Arrangement of the heating system is the most expensive item in the estimate of capital repairs or construction. The correct installation and the characteristics of all elements of this object depend on performance characteristics, the costs of the owners for energy resources in the winter.
Gradually replaces the aging tee wiring. This is due to a number of its advantages. How to equip such a wiring yourself, as well as what are its main features, the master must find out before starting the installation.
It can be done with different layouts. The beam system is also called the collector system. Each radiator in the building is fed to a separate pipe. Each of them returns its own pipe to the collector. Radiators with this connection are a separate element. They are independent of other heating devices in the network and are supplied to the collector in parallel.
The collector is a dimensional device. He is responsible for supplying the coolant to each individual circuit. If it is necessary to repair one battery, the heating system continues to work in the same mode. Only one radiator is cut off.
according to the tee scheme, it involves a smaller number of pipes. However, the installation costs pay off during the operation of the system. The positive economic effect from the use of beam distribution in big house or a cottage with two or more floors.
Some features are characterized by radial distribution of the heating system. Advantages and disadvantages such an organization needs to be considered prior to installation. The disadvantages include a larger number of pipes and fittings. This significantly increases the cost of repairs. The tee circuit is much cheaper to install. Also, a large number of connections, if connected incorrectly, can lead to frequent breakdowns systems.
However, all these disadvantages pale against the background of the advantages of the radial heating system. In this case, the system quickly pays for its installation costs. The ability to regulate heating in each room significantly reduces energy costs. When organizing such a system, many joints and bends are obtained. The master has easy access to them. Therefore, when carrying out repairs, this factor greatly facilitates the work.
The radiant tubes can be hidden under the floor, in the wall or just behind the curtains. A properly planned scheme allows you to remove unattractive communications from the field of vision. The tee circuit does not provide such an opportunity for home owners.
Consists of several mandatory elements... The main one is the boiler. When calculating its power, the area of the premises, as well as the heat loss of the building, are taken into account.
The circuit includes a circulation pump. There are systems with natural circulation of the coolant. However, they are less effective. Today, almost all radiant heating schemes include a pump. It makes the heated liquid move along the circuits at a certain speed. This way it is possible to maintain an optimal heating mode of the room.
The manifold is a distribution unit. He is responsible for optimal nutrition of all circuits. This element can be composed of various control and shut-off equipment. The presented devices are installed in a special cabinet. This allows you to protect the equipment and hide it from prying eyes.
It can use the principle of natural or forced circulation. In the first case, the coolant is distributed through pipes and radiators by gravity. In this case, it is required to install large diameter pipes. It's simple but less efficient system... It is only suitable for small one-storey house, which is not supplied with electricity.
V modern construction beam systems are used in combination with a pump. It provides forced circulation of the coolant. The pump is installed on the supply or return circuit. It works with a certain power. Such a device is necessary for the heating system of a large or two-story cottage.
Due to the mass of advantages, as well as the acceptable cost of circulation pumps, today this installation option is used almost everywhere.
Calculation of the radiant heating system is carried out at the design stage. To do this, you need to draw a detailed diagram with dimensions on paper. All elements are indicated on it. If necessary, the drawing can be ordered from a special organization.
First you need to evaluate existing features premises. The rooms should not be finished. It is best to hide the pipes in the floor under the screed. The plan also indicates radiators, their location (on the wall under the window). The number of sections and their internal volume depend on the material of the convector, as well as the thickness of its walls. In accordance with the parameters specified by the manufacturer, the need for the volume of the coolant for each battery is calculated.
According to the beam pattern, it is characterized by some additional heat loss. The heated liquid is supplied to the batteries through pipes, the length of which will be greater than in the tee circuit. This feature must be taken into account in the calculations.
The plan indicates the places for laying pipes. The equipment is supplemented with pressure gauges, thermometers, shut-off and additional equipment... The sequence of their installation is also indicated in the diagram.
Includes a collector (comb). This element has pipes for the inlet and outlet of the coolant installed in it. For the beam scheme, two types of collectors should be installed.
The first of these will be the inlet comb. A pump is connected to it, as well as a coolant distribution valve. It can be three- or two-way. The valve includes a thermometer. It is installed in the collector housing. The device transmits information to the valve. It opens or closes the damper, mixing hot liquid into the circuit.
The outlet collector collects the cooled heat carrier, which is returned to the boiler. The heater heats it up again. Additionally, a balancing flow controller can be installed on this branch pipe. The collector group ensures the stability of the system. She is responsible for optimizing and balancing the heating of the coolant in the system.
Which is mounted according to the beam pattern, requires the correct selection of pipes. Communications must be flexible enough to avoid multiple connections. XLPE pipes are best suited for this purpose. Such items are sold in bays.
Polyethylene pipes that are suitable for a radiant heating system must have an airtight layer. Air enters the system with conventional varieties. It leads to the development of corrosion of metal elements, quick equipment failure.
¾ ”pipes are used to connect the collector to the boiler. Radiators can be connected to the comb with ½ "communications. This is possible if used in a pump. Otherwise, the pipe diameter may be larger.
Can be assembled by the owners of a private house. To do this, it is necessary to allocate a separate room for the arrangement of the boiler room.
After installing the heater, a comb is mounted immediately after it. The equipment should be kept in a protective box. The collector must be easily accessible. A pressure gauge and a thermometer are installed at the outlet of the coolant. Allow to stabilize the pressure in the system, the Mayevsky valve and other safety devices.
Shut-off valves allow, if necessary, to carry out preventive maintenance or repair of equipment. After installation, the equipment is checked. If everything is normal, the pipes are poured into the screed.
Thanks to the advent of new materials and equipment, it has become possible to modernize traditional water heating systems. One of these innovations, which are gaining more and more popularity, we will discuss in this article. This is the so-called collector or radial heating system, which has appeared relatively recently. Consider what it is and how to mount it in a private house.
Radial routing is essentially a hybrid between a traditional two-pipe system and a water-heated floor system. Just like in a two-pipe system, the coolant enters the distribution manifold and radiators through two pipelines - supply and return. The collector itself and the method of laying pipes were taken from the warm floors - in the floor screed or between wooden logs.
The structure of the system is as follows: the main line runs from the boiler plant to the distribution header. A separate line is laid from it to each heater under the floors. The connection is straightforward, without any fittings and unnecessary turns. For clarity, below is a functional diagram of a radiation heating system of a private house:
The easiest way to implement it in one-story house small area. For the distributor, you need to choose a convenient place, better - somewhere in the center of the building, you can in the corridor. Bring the coolant from the boiler to it and lay pipes to the radiators. How it looks in the plan of the house is shown in the sketch:
The versatility of beam systems lies in the fact that you can easily carry out wiring in a private house of any number of storeys. To do this, a riser is laid from the boiler room from pipes of such a diameter to ensure the required flow rate of the heat carrier for the entire building. On each floor, a collector is connected to the riser, and from it, the wiring to the radiators is done in a ray manner. The diameter of the vertical section leading to the next floor is reduced in accordance with hydraulic calculation... The layout for a two-story house is shown in the sketch:
In large cottages, in addition to the radiator heating system, heated floors are additionally arranged, buffer tanks and boilers are installed indirect heating... Then the radiant heating system two-story house becomes more complicated, a distribution comb is installed in the boiler room. It is connected to both the riser of the radial distribution, and all other heat consumers, as shown in the diagram:
Each circuit has an individual circulation pump installed on the supply line from the manifold. It turns out that all circuits function independently of each other and can be adjusted automatically.
Note. The diagram does not show the circulation pumps of the boiler circuit, since in wall-mounted boilers these units are located inside.
I must say that the new collector-beam heating system took all their advantages and disadvantages from their predecessors. First, about the good:
As usual, there were some drawbacks. The most unpleasant of them is the high cost of equipment and installation. Even the absence of fittings cannot compensate for the costs of the manifold and the increased footage of pipes. If there are several floors, then the price doubles and triples, compared to a simple two-pipe system, this is very expensive. Well, the installation of wiring in the floor screed or between the logs involves additional work on the installation of the floor covering, which again leads to a rise in price.
Homeowners often ask the question: why do I need a radial heating circuit with radiators, if you still need to deal with the screed device, then it's better to immediately make warm floors. And they are right underfloor heating warms up the room more evenly, and at a cost it will not be much more expensive. The conclusion is simple: if available financial resource warm floors are preferable.
There is one more nuance: collector wiring will not allow you to realize the natural circulation of the coolant due to the inability to withstand diameters and slopes. So you can forget about non-volatility.
First of all, you need to correctly determine the diameters of the pipelines, especially for highways, here you can not do without a hydraulic calculation. It is a little easier with radial branches to radiators, their size can be taken according to the following principle:
When carrying out the wiring in the floor, all the liners must be insulated, otherwise you will heat the screed sections, and the batteries will be cold. Do not scatter the pipes at random, arguing that they will still be filled with solution and there will be no mess. This is a mistake, the branches must be laid neatly, distributing them in pairs, and at the end put only noticeable marks for you in those places where the pipes lie. Subsequently, this will help to quickly find them in the event of an accident.
Do-it-yourself installation in a one-story house is relatively easy. Choose the optimal placement for a cabinet with a manifold (ideally in a wall niche), measure distances and purchase pipes, install radiators. There is no need to install balancing valves anywhere, only ball valves on batteries. By the way, if possible, vertical sections of pipes coming out of the floor can be hidden in the walls. Then joining to heating devices will not be visible at all.
Advice. Do not use polypropylene pipes in such networks. They do not bend and have a large linear elongation. And it is illogical to use cheap materials in an expensive system, it is better to take metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene.
In a house with two or more floors, it is necessary to install shut-off and control valves on each branch from the riser. A ball valve is installed on the supply pipeline, and on the return - balancing valve... This will balance the entire system hydraulically, as well as cut off floors from heating if necessary.
As you can see, ray routing is one of the most successful solutions, although in some situations it may not be practical. Despite all its advantages, the scheme belongs to the high price category, where it is difficult for it to compete with warm floors and other modern systems... Nevertheless, these types of wiring have the right to life and find their application not only in private houses, but also in public and administrative buildings.
Both in private and in apartment buildings are used different ways tracing pipes in the heating system. The radiant heating system, supplying a hot coolant to each radiator and removing from it cooled by a separate pair of pipes, is gaining more and more popularity. Despite the high cost of materials and installation, it provides more efficient heating of the home.
The radiant heating system of a private house is much more complicated than the sequential one, or the so-called tee. In it, a separate pair of pipes is supplied to each radiator on the floor - for the hot coolant and for its return. In principle, it resembles the human circulatory system with its arteries for oxygenated blood and veins for collecting return blood flow. Each organ or part of the body has both arteries and veins. An analogue of the heart, which pumps blood through the veins and arteries, is a circulation pump.
It drives hot liquid from the boiler to the radiators through the hot collector, and it flows back to the collector by gravity.
The radial distribution of the heating system has the following advantages over the tee:
There are also disadvantages to such a wiring diagram:
In general, the higher cost of materials and installation quickly pays off in savings and ease of use.
The most important component of the beam routing is the collectors. When designing a radial heating system for a two-story (or multi-story) house, a collector cabinet will need to be placed on each floor. Manifolds and control valves (manual or automated) are mounted in cabinets, where they are easily accessible during operation and periodic or emergency maintenance.
The small number of connections in comparison with the tee wiring provides a high hydrodynamic stability of the entire heating system.
The second component is a circulation pump, it provides pressure in the system for supplying heated coolant through pipes to radiators and collecting return flow.
For a radiant heating system, the option of lower supply of hot liquid to radiators is most often chosen. To ensure its forced circulation, a circulation pump is used. Its capacity must be sufficient to provide a head that allows the coolant to reach the most remote heat exchangers, including underfloor heating.
Forced circulation accelerates the circulation of the coolant through the rings of the system. This makes it possible to reduce the difference between the inlet and outlet temperature of the heating circuit. This increase in heating efficiency allows you to either lower the boiler output, or have a larger power reserve in case of extreme weather.
When selecting a device, two main parameters are taken into account that determine its power and speed:
For correct selection, you will need to take into account the diameter and total length of the distribution pipes, the maximum height difference in relation to the pump installation height. When carrying out engineering and plumbing calculations, special tables offered by manufacturers are used.
If the parameters of the electrical network at the installation site are not stable, it is recommended to connect the pump and the boiler control system through a voltage stabilizer of sufficient power. If there are frequent power outages, an uninterruptible power supply device should be provided, either with a battery or with an automatically starting electric generator.
When optimizing the cost of a system, it is often tempting to do without a circulating pump. This option is, in principle, admissible for single-storey buildings of a small area. This will reduce the heating efficiency. When using natural circulation, use larger pipes. In addition, the expansion vessel should be placed at the highest point in the building.
This most important element of the system distributes the flow of hot coolant supplied by the boiler to individual wiring beams. The second collector collects the liquid that has given up its heat and returns it to the heat exchanger for subsequent heating. Check valve can bypass part of the return flow to the main circuit if it is required to lower the temperature of the coolant without changing the boiler operating mode.
Collectors are available on the market that support 2 to 18 beams. Collectors are equipped with shut-off or control valves, or automatic thermostatic valves. With their help, the required temperature regime is set for each beam.
Piping is usually placed in a cement screed over the subfloor. One end connects to the corresponding manifold, the other leads out of the floor under the corresponding radiator. A finishing floor is laid on top of the screed. When installing a radiant heating system in apartment building the vertical line is performed in the channel. Each floor has its own pair of collectors. In some cases, if there is enough pump pressure and there are few consumers on the top floor, they are connected directly to the collectors of the first floor.
To effectively deal with traffic jams, air valves placed on the collector and at the end of each beam.
During preparation for installation, the following work is performed:
There are two types of tracing:
The first type has a beautiful, aesthetic appearance, but requires a noticeably higher pipe consumption. All this beauty will be covered with a clean floor and floor covering... Therefore, owners are more likely to choose free tracing.
For pipe tracing, it is convenient to use free computer programs, they will help you with tracing, allow you to accurately determine the length of the pipes and draw up a bill for the purchase of fittings.
Laying the beam system on a sub-floor will require a number of measures aimed at reducing transport heat losses and preventing freezing if water was chosen as the heat carrier.
A sufficient distance should be provided between the subfloor and the finished floor for thermal insulation.
If the subfloor is a concrete slab (or foundation slab), then a layer of heat-insulating material will need to be laid on it.
For ray tracing, metal-plastic or polyethylene pipes with sufficient flexibility. For radiators with a thermal power of up to 1500 watts, 16 mm pipes are used, for more powerful ones, the diameter is increased to 20 mm.
They are laid in corrugated sleeves, which provide additional thermal insulation and the necessary space for thermal deformations. After a meter and a half, the sleeve is attached with ties or clamps to the subfloor to prevent it from shifting during execution cement screed.
Next, the layer is mounted thermal insulation material not less than 5 cm thick, made of dense basalt wool, polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene. This layer must also be fixed to the subfloor using disc dowels. The screed can now be poured. If the wiring is carried out on the second floor or higher, it is not necessary to install thermal insulation.
It is important to remember that no joints should remain under the poured floor.
If there are few consumers on the second, attic floor, and the pressure created circulation pump, sufficient, then a scheme with one pair of collectors is often used. Pipes to consumers on the second floor extend pipes from collectors from the first floor. Pipes are collected in a bundle and led along a vertical channel to the second floor, where they are bent at right angles and lead to the points of consumer placement.
It is important to remember that when bending, you must observe the minimum bend radius for a given tube diameter. It can be viewed on the manufacturer's website, and for bending it is better to use a manual pipe bender.
Sufficient space must be provided at the outlet of the vertical channel to accommodate the rounded section.
Ray tracing works well with underfloor heating systems. With a qualitative calculation of thermal parameters, it is possible to completely abandon heating radiators and heat the house only due to warm floors arranged in each room. In this case, the convection air flows will be much less intense, this will lead to less dust spread than with radiator heating.
When designing underfloor heating, the following recommendations should be observed:
If you equip the collector with a flow meter and thermostatic valves, you can accurately take into account the flow of the coolant, as well as adjust the temperature regime in each room. Many owners go further and install remote controlled motorized valves. They are connected to a computerized control system equipped with temperature sensors in each room. The system can regulate the supply of coolant to each beam, depending on weather conditions, wind direction and other conditions. This ensures stability temperature regime and unique comfort.
Pipes and a layer of thermal insulation material must be securely fastened before pouring the cement screed. When routing, it is important to ensure that the pipes do not cross one another. The pipe must be laid from the bay, and cut off after it has been brought to the direct and return collectors.
At the time of pouring the screed, the system must be under pressure. Until the screed has completely hardened (up to 21 days), the temperature of the coolant should not be increased above room temperature. Otherwise, multiple microdeformations of the screed and damage to the pipe material are possible. Raising the temperature to the working temperature should be carried out gradually, allowing the screed material to warm up. Usually, 4-5 days are allowed for a set of temperature.
When installing a radial heating system in a wooden floor, there are some peculiarities. Pipes must cross floor beams or sub-floor joists. To do this, holes are drilled in them that exceed the outer diameter of the pipe by 2-3 mm. This will avoid thermal deformations. The pipes should be spread so that the finished floor structures do not put pressure on the wiring.
The pipes should be fixed to the sub-floor structures. A layer of vapor-waterproofing is laid on the sub-floor, then a layer of thermal insulation material with a foil-clad reflective layer. As when laying on concrete base, all fittings and fittings must be located above the level of the finished floor and floor covering.
The radiant heating system is gaining more and more popularity among owners of houses under construction or renovation. Despite the high costs in the procurement of materials and installation, it saves on operating costs. In addition, such a scheme allows you to individually adjust the thermal regime in each heated room.
The collector (radial) heating system has its positive aspects, such as simplicity and stability of operation. When there is an opportunity to use it, then experts give preference to just such an arrangement of pipes without hesitation.
In the collector circuit, each radiator is connected with long pipelines to one distribution header - hence the name of the system.
The origin of the second name "ray" - long beams of pipes diverging from one center in different directions to the radiators.
The collector itself is connected directly to the boiler, to the mains.
In the simplest systems (up to 4 radiators), the collector can be replaced with several tees lying on the base (in a heat insulator), and balancing can be done on radiators, which can be different designs and connect in different ways.
Balancing taps are more often installed on the collector - with the help of them, the flow rate of the coolant is adjusted so that the temperature of the radiators is approximately the same.
If the beams are of approximately the same length, then balancing is not needed at all. With a significant difference in the length of the connections, such taps are placed on the shortest branches so that it is possible to raise their hydraulic resistance, and thus equalize the flow rate across all devices.
On the radiators themselves with an automated boiler, it is possible to install thermal heads - regulators that automatically maintain the desired temperature in the room, which is convenient for users.
With a boiler without automation, such equipment, which independently blocks the movement of the coolant, cannot be installed in the system.
In addition, shut-off valves are installed on the radiators, which ensure the possibility of repair. The same valves are installed on the manifold, if balancing valves are not installed.
Diagram of connecting a collector for 3 radiators to the heating system, radiators of various types ...
The scope of the beam scheme is limited. The following conditions must be met.
But the situation when it is possible to lay pipes under the floor and install a collector in the center is often encountered. Therefore, the collector circuit is often used.
A room in which the radiators are connected from the bottom and the pipes are hidden under the floor is aesthetically pleasing.
But at the same time, you need to decide on the type of radiators and connecting unit.
The option recommended by specialists is complex radiators with a bottom connection and a built-in upper thermal head. But these are expensive options.
It is possible to supply a "normal" radiator with different connection points.
There are connecting nodes with a lower thermal head, options with an upper regulator. It can be used without a thermal head but with shut-off (balancing) valves. In the beam scheme, minimalism is acceptable and efficient - only the connection unit is on the radiator, and the balancing taps are on the collector.
Another option is conventional radiators connected diagonally (supply from above, return from below) with conventional piping with taps and a thermal head.
Only solid pieces of pipes should be under the floor. For laying, metal-plastic pipes supplied in coils, as well as polymeric multilayer PEX and PERT with an oxygen barrier can be used. But experts agree that metal-plastic with an aluminum layer is the most reliable option both in terms of strength and resistance to oxygen penetration.
So that there are no large leftovers from the bays, it is advisable to calculate in advance all the lengths of the highways, then pick up the bays in the store. The purchase of bays of 50 meters, as a rule, entails extra costs.
It is possible to leave only crimping tees for metal-plastic under the casing, if necessary, which experts call "eternal". Direct pipe joining is not allowed.
As a rule, a system that includes up to 5 radiators is connected from the boiler (from the branch line) with a diameter of 20 mm for metal-plastic.
If there are 5 or more radiators, then 26 mm will be required (32 for polypropylene), but the area heated from the collector should not exceed 120 - 150 square meters.
If the area is more than 120 sq. M., Then most likely, you will need large diameters of connecting the collector itself, but this is already being analyzed by specialists, calculations are being made.
Each radiator from the manifold is connected metal-plastic pipes with a diameter of 16 mm as a rule. In some cases, when the lengths of the beams are more than 40 meters, it is recommended to make them with a diameter of 20 mm, in order to reduce the total hydraulic resistance.
For example - hydraulic circuit connections at the collector system. Applied 26 mm (from the boiler), 20 mm for the manifold, 16 mm for the radiator.
Hidden laying of pipes entails an obligatory additional condition - their thermal insulation. Heating wiring can heat up to +80 and +90 degrees C. The impact of such temperatures on both wooden elements and the screed is not desirable. An insulating barrier should be installed to reduce the rate of heat transfer so that it has time to be dissipated by the structure. On sale you can find special covers made of foamed polyethylene for hidden pipe laying.
For the installation of metal-plastic, certain skills are required. It is critically important to properly prepare the pipe end with the calibrators before installing it on the fitting seal. As a rule, crimp (more reliable) fittings are used, the connection of beams with fittings on radiators and collectors is not made collapsible.
First, radiators are installed in all rooms. Their position, as a rule, at the same level is verified with a level (water level). Tilt - elevation towards the Mayevsky crane or horizontally. The power of the devices is selected according to the heat loss -
On the radiators, plugs are installed that connect the nodes (bottom connection) of the thermal head, taps, to which transition fittings for metal-plastic are connected.
The collector box is installed and the collector is mounted. Usually, the simplest and cheapest distributors are selected, equipped with shut-off (ball) valves with 16 mm outlets and 3/4 connection. The image shows a manifold complete with air vents and a pressure gauge.
Fittings for metal-plastic are installed on the collector - American.
The connection of the collector itself to the boiler (to the tees of the pipeline from the boiler) can be either hidden under the floor or along the walls.
After that, the collector is connected by a pair of beams - "supply and return" 16 mm with each heating device.
At self-assembly when it is not possible to use crimping pliers, and accordingly - crimp fittings, you can set and compression fittings, while the installation itself is performed with ordinary keys. The use of such fittings in this system is possible, since they are open for control and are available.
