GOST R 53323-2009
National Standard of the Russian Federation
Firegrain and sparking
General technical requirements. Test methods
Flame Arrestors and Spark Arrestors. General Technical Requirements. Test Methods.
OX 13.220.20
Date of introduction 2010-01-01
with the right of early use *
______________________
* See Note Label
Preface
1 developed by federal state budget institution "All-Russian Order" Honor Sign "Research Institute of Fire Defense" Ministry of Ministries Russian Federation For civil defense, emergency situations and elimination of natural disasters (FSBI VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)
2 Submitted by the Technical Committee on Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"
3 APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of February 18, 2009 N 99-ST
4 introduced for the first time
5 reprint. July 2019
The rules for applying this standard are established inarticle 26 of the Federal Law of June 29, 2015 N 162-FZ "On Standardization in the Russian Federation" . Information on the changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) the information indicator "National Standards", and the official text of the amendments and amendments - in the monthly information indicator "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or the cancellation of this standard, the appropriate notification will be published in the nearest issue of the monthly information indicator "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)
1.1 This standard applies to dry-type fireprocessors and sparks and establishes general technical requirements for these devices, as well as test methods.
1.2 This standard does not apply:
- on liquid safety shutters;
- fireprocerers installed on technological equipment, which is associated with the appeal of flammable substances, inclined to explosive decay without oxidizing agent.
1.3 This standard should be applied when designing and manufacturing fireprocerers and sparkers, as well as when conducting certification tests in the field of fire safety and other types of tests established by the current standards and regulatory and technical documentation.
This standard uses regulatory references to the following standards:
GOST 2.114 Unified system of design documentation. Technical conditions
GOST 12.2.047 Labor safety standards. Fire equipment. Terms and Definitions
GOST 15.001 * Development system and production production. Production production and technical
________________
* I lost strength. GOST R 15.301-2000 is valid.
Probably the error of the original. You should read: GOST R 15.201-2000. - Note database manufacturer.
GOST 2991 Drawers boardless for cargo weight up to 500 kg. General technical conditions
GOST 8273 Whether paper. Technical conditions
GOST 14192 cargo marking
GOST 14249 vessels and devices. Norms and methods for calculating strength
GOST 15150 Machines, appliances and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, Conditions climatic factors External environment
GOST 18321 Statistical quality control. Method of random selection of piece products
GOST 19729 Talc ground for the production of rubber products and plastic masses. Technical conditions
GOST 23170 Packaging for engineering products. General requirements
GOST R 8.585 State system for ensuring unity of measurements. Thermocouples. Nominal static conversion characteristics
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the action of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or on the National Standards Annual Information Signal, which is published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information pointer "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced, to which the undated link is given, it is recommended to use the current version of this standard, taking into account all changes made to this version. If the reference standard is replaced by a dated reference, it is recommended to use the version of this standard with the above-mentioned approval (adoption). If, after approval of this standard in the reference standard, to which the dated reference is given, the change has been made affecting the provider to which the link is given, this provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, the position in which the reference is given to it is recommended to be applied in a portion that does not affect this link.
This standard applies the following terms with the corresponding definitions:
3.1 fireproof dry type: The device installed on a fire-hazard technological device or pipeline, freely transmitting a gas-air mixture flow or fluid through a flame element and contributing to the localization of the flame.
3.2 dry type sparker: The device installed on exhaust reservoirs of various vehicles, power units and ensuring the capture and extinguishing of sparks in the combustion products formed during the operation of the furnaces and engines internal combustion.
3.3 conservation time when exposed to flames: The time during which the fireprocessor (sparking) is capable of maintaining performance when heated with a stabilized flame on a flame-hazing element with a combustion of a gas-air mixture passing through a fireprocessor (sparking).
3.4 flame element of fireprocessor: The element of the structure of the fireprocessor, the direct purpose of which is to prevent the spread of the flame.
3.5 fireRel Corps: Element of the structure of the fireprocessor, providing the placement of the flame element and the mechanical pairing with external devices.
3.6 critical diameter of the flame element: The minimum diameter of the channel of the flame element, through which the flame of a stationary vapor-gas mixture may be propagated.
3.7 safe diameter of the channel of the flame element: The structural diameter of the channel of the flame element, selected, taking into account the safety coefficient.
Fireproofers are classified according to the following features: the type of the flame element, the installation site, the time of conservation of performance when exposed to the flame.
4.1 By the type of flagged element, fireprocerers are divided into:
- Mesh;
- Cassette;
- with a molding element from granulated material;
- with a flavening element from porous material.
4.2 At the place of installation, fireprocerers are divided into:
- reservoir or end (the length of the pipeline intended for the message with the atmosphere does not exceed the three internal diameters);
- Communication (built-in).
4.3 In the time of conservation of performance when exposed to flame, fireprocerers are divided into two classes:
- I class - time at least 1 h;
- II class - time less than 1 hour.
4.4 Sparkoviters classified by the method of cleaning the sparks and are divided into:
- dynamic (exhaust gases are purified from sparks under the action of gravity and inertia);
- filtration (exhaust gases are purified by filtering through porous partitions).
5.1 Firegraders and sparks must comply with the requirements of this Standard, GOST 12.2.047, GOST 14249, GOST 15150, as well as other regulatory documentsapproved in the prescribed manner.
5.2 On the fireprocessor housing (sparking) and the flame element should be lacking dents, scratches and defects of the anti-corrosion coating.
5.3 Majorbaric characteristics of the fireprocessor (sparking) must comply with the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the technical documentation.
5.4 In the technical documentation for the fireprocessor (sparking), species of a combustible mixture must be indicated, to protect the product, and the conditions of application (pressure, temperature).
The structural elements of the fireprocessor (sparking) must withstand power loads arising from the spread of flames, with a pressure on which the product is calculated.
5.5 FireRelProducer (sparking) must be operational over the entire period of operation in the temperature range given in the technical documentation.
5.6 The design of the fireprocessor (sparking) intended for operation when negative temperatures The environment should exclude the possibility of freezing water (moisture) in the channels of the flame element.
5.7 The structure of the fireprocessor should ensure the possibility of its periodic cleaning if the device is designed to work in the presence of mechanical impurities or vapors of liquids that are prone to crystallization or polymerization in the gas stream or liquid.
5.8 Fire Housing (Sparking), as well as detachable and deline connections must ensure tightness (should not miss the flame, sparks and combustion products) not lower than the tightness of the protected device.
5.9 The size of the slot gaps between the wall of the fireprocessor housing (sparking) and the flame-haul element should not exceed the safe diameter of the channel.
5.10 Fireproofers (sparks) must be resistant to the outer and internal corrosion impact of media, to work in which they are intended.
5.11 The design of the fireprocerer (sparking) should provide for the possibility of internal inspection, replacing the flame element, the convenience of installation.
5.12 Constructive elements of the fireprocessor (sparking) should not be deformed during localization flame burning For a time equal to the preservation of performance when exposed to flame.
5.13 When used in flamegraders (sparking) as a flame element of the granular material, the granules should have a spherical or close form to it.
Granules should be made of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.
5.14 The diameter of the flame element of the fireprocessor (sparking) should be no more than 50% of its critical diameter.
5.15 The design of the fire grower (sparking) should provide its reliable fixed fastening on the technological equipment or exhaust manifold, taking into account the vibration loads acting throughout the entire operating time.
5.16 The following technical documentation should be attached to the manufactured fireprocessor (sparking):
- technical passport on the product;
- manual.
5.17 The maximum surface temperature of the spark-core body located in a combustible medium (combustible gases, pairs, aerosols, dust) must be at least 20% lower than the temperature of the self-ignition of these combustible substances.
5.18 The time of maintaining the efficiency of the communication fireprocerer when exposed to the flame must comply with the requirements specified in the technical documentation for the product, but not less than 10 minutes.
5.19 The design of the fireprocessor (sparking) should provide for the possibility of sealing the detachable connections (with the exception of fastening) in order to control its integrity.
5.20 Firegrain (sparking) must maintain performance:
- With vibrational impacts arising during operation. The limits of their change must be installed by the manufacturer and are indicated in the technical documentation for the product;
- In the operating and storage temperature ranges, which must be installed by the manufacturer and are indicated in the technical documentation for the product.
5.21 The fireprocessor (sparking) is subject to replacement during the damage to the flame-haul element, as well as when cracking or dents on the case.
5.22 The efficiency of the fireprocessor (flame element) every 2 years of operation must be confirmed by the tests on the ability of the fireprocessor to localize the flame.
The marking of fireprocerers and sparks must be performed in Russian and contain the following data:
- functional purpose (type of flame element, recommended installation location and product class);
- types of combustible mixtures, to protect the product;
- diameter of the conditional passage of the outlet;
- temperature mode operation;
- operating pressure;
- the time of conservation of performance when exposed to flame;
- weight;
- date of manufacture;
- trademark or company name of the manufacturer;
- number TU.
7.1 To monitor the compliance of the fireprocessor (sparking), the requirements of this standard are carried out tests: receiving and finished, periodic, certification and typical.
All tests, unless otherwise specified by this standard, should be carried out in the normal climatic conditions established by GOST 15150.
7.2 Acceptance tests of fireprocessors (sparking) are carried out in accordance with GOST 15.001 on the samples of the experimental batch on the program developed by the manufacturer and the developer.
The batch takes the number of products accompanied by one document.
7.3 Periodic tests are carried out in order to monitor product quality indicators and the possibility of continuing the product output. Sampling for testing is carried out according to GOST 18321. Periodic tests are subjected to 2% of the number of fireprocessors (sparking) released, but not less than four samples of each size.
7.4 Typical tests are carried out when making constructive or other changes (manufacturing, material, etc.), capable of affecting the main parameters that ensure the performance of the fireprocessor (sparking). The test program is planned depending on the nature of the change and is consistent with the developer.
For typical tests, no less than five samples of fireprocessors (sparks) of each type are taken.
7.5 Certification tests are carried out in order to establish compliance with the characteristics of the fireprocessor (sparking) of this standard, as well as for issuing a fire safety certificate. For certification tests, three samples of fireprocerers (sparks) of each type are taken.
7.6 The volume of receiving and finished, periodic and certification tests is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 - the volume of tests of fireprocerers and sparks
Indicators | Points of this standard containing | Types of testing |
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technical requirements | test methods | receiving | periodios | certificate |
|
Firegrain's ability to locate the flame and the ability of the sparkoff to prevent ignition | |||||
Tightness of the fireprocessor housing (sparking) | |||||
Maximum surface temperature of the housing of the sparkoff | |||||
Operation of fireprocessor (sparking) for vibratory loads | |||||
The time of conservation of the fireprocessor's performance when exposed to flame | |||||
Complete set, appearance of fireprocessor (sparking), compliance of the product documentation | |||||
Majorbarite characteristics of the product | |||||
7.7 In case of obtaining negative results according to any type of testing, the number of test samples double and tests are repeated in full. Upon receipt of re-negative results, further testing should be discontinued until the causes and elimination of detected defects are detected.
8.1 All tests (if there are no special indications) are carried out at ambient temperature corresponding to the temperature range of the fire grower operation.
8.2 Testing equipment, stands and measurement facilities used in the testing of fireprocerers (sparks) must have a passport and pass metrological control in the prescribed manner. Specified in passport specifications Equipment and stands must provide test modes established by this standard.
8.3 Compliance with the parameters of the fireprocessor (sparking) Requirements 5.2, 5.3 are verified by technical inspection and / or analysis of technical documentation according to Table 1 using the appropriate measuring instrument. The accuracy class of the measuring instrument is determined by technical documentation.
8.4 The mass of the fireprocessor (sparking) and the mass of the flame element is determined by weights with an error not exceeding 2%. To do this, it is first weighed a fully equipped fireprocerer (sparking), after which it is disassembled and weighed the flame element. If the product is not subject to disassembly in accordance with the requirements of technical documentation, then only the mass of the fireprocessor (sparking) with a flame-haul element is determined.
8.5 Tests for determining the ability of the fireprocerer to localize the flame and the ability of the spark rider to prevent ignition are carried out on an experimental stand. Schematic scheme The experimental stand is shown in Figure 1.
For tests use:
a) Test bench consisting of two chambers (combustion and control). Stand equipment must withstand pressure arising in the process of testing.
The combustion chamber must also be equipped with fittings for placing pressure sensor and ignition source.
The control chamber must also be equipped with fittings for placing the pressure sensor and the ignition source. The capacity of the control chamber should exceed the capacity of the combustion chamber at least 5 times;
b) system technical devices, ensuring the production of gas-air mixture according to partial pressures of components with an error of no more than 0.5% (about.). The system should include the following equipment:
- mixing chamber;
- evaporator;
- Capacity with flammable, fuel liquid or flammable gas;
- air compressor;
- Pipelines with valves.
The partial pressure of the gas component is determined by the formula
where is the bulk concentration of the gas component,% (vol.);
- Common pressure in the mixing chamber, kPa.
The mixing chamber should ensure filling the combustion chamber and the control chamber required by the gas-air mixture with the tests of pressure and temperature specified for tests;
1 - cylinder with flammable gas; 2 - compressor; 3 - gas console; 4 - mixer; 5 - spark plugs; 6 - reaction pipe; 7 - the ignition unit; 8 is a flame element of the fireprocessor; 9 - control capacity; 10 - pressure sensor; 11 - Vacuum Pump
Figure 1 - Schematic diagram of experimental stand
c) the source of ignition that ensures the ignition of the gas-air mixture;
d) the system for registering the ignition of the gas-air mixture.
The ability of the fireprocessor to localize the flame and the ability of the sparkoff to prevent the ignition is determined using those species of combustible mixture, to protect which they are intended. Tests on model combustible mixtures are allowed, which are close to the specified mixtures for which the product is intended for the normal blending speed.
The fire grower (sparking) is installed and fixed on the stand in accordance with the requirements of technical documentation in such a way as to ensure the tightness of the test products and fire cameras.
Conduct the control chamber and the combustion chamber of the test bench with a gas-air mixture of a given concentration.
Launch devices for registering the ignition of the gas-air mixture and include the ignition source in the combustion chamber.
The criterion of ignition of the gas-air mixture in the control chamber is considered an increase in it overpressure Not less than 2 times compared with initial pressure.
In the absence of ignition of a gas-air mixture in the control chamber, it is believed that the fire grower (sparking) has undergone the test.
The test results are considered positive if in three consecutive tests is not fixed by the flame slip (sparks) through the flame-haul element of the fireprocessor or spark via a filter element of the sparking.
8.6 If the fireprocessor is designed to function when atmospheric pressureThe test is allowed to determine the ability of the fireprocessor to the localization of the flame and the sparker to prevent the ignition to be carried out without the combustion control chamber. The process of the flame slip (spark) through the flame-making element of the fireprocessor is fixed visually, using the ignition of gasoline, poured into the pan, which is located directly at the outlet of the fireprocessor (sparking) in the flame-haul element.
8.7 Tests of the fireprocessor (sparking) on \u200b\u200btightness are carried out in accordance with the "rules of the device and the safe operation of pressure vessels."
8.8. The maximum surface temperature of the housing of the sparkoff is determined when testing on exhaust manifolds of vehicles and power units, which establish sparks, or equipment, imitating the conditions of operation of the operation of the furnaces and internal combustion engines, at rated power power aggregate.
For tests use:
- thermoelectric converters Tha type according to GOST R 8.585 with a diameter of at least 0.5 mm and no more than 1.5 mm. For each brawler, three electrical thermocouples are installed: two at the inlet and outlet of the sparkoff; Third - in the central part of the housing of the sparkoff;
Test procedures:
- the sparking agent is placed on the exhaust manifold of the power unit;
- include the power unit and remove it to operate, corresponding to the rated power;
- Fix the temperature of each thermoelectric converter for 1 hour with continuous operation of the power unit in the mode corresponding to the rated power.
According to measurements, the maximum temperature value from the readings of three thermoelectric transducers is determined, which is taken for the maximum surface of the surface of the sparking housing.
8.9 Tests for the vibratory strength of the fireprocessor (sparking) are carried out on vibrate-type VEDS-200 (400) or other type with similar characteristics.
Fireproofers (sparks) are attached to the movable platform of the vibrosenda. Tests are carried out for each of the three axes of coordinates with a frequency of at least 40 Hz and amplitude of at least 1 mm, the duration of the test in each of the directions is at least 40 minutes.
After vibration and variations in all three axes determine the ability of fireprocessors to the localization of flames and sparkers to prevent the ignition in accordance with 8.5.
8.10 The time of conservation of the fireprocessor's performance when exposed to a flame is determined by the time interval during which the fireprocessor retains the ability to localize the flame. The time of conservation of performance when exposed to flame is determined for fireprocers that have been tested for the ability to localize the flame.
For tests use:
- Test stand, described in 8.5. Two fireworks are attached to the ends of the combustion chamber: one at the entrance, the other is a test - at the output. The fireprocessor placed at the entrance prevents the spread of the flame from the combustion chamber into the mixer. In the fireprocessor, placed at the entrance to the control chamber, a combustible mixture is fed from the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber must be a flow type and ensure combustion of a combustible mixture on the surface of a flame element of a fireprocessor attached at the output of the combustion chamber. The supply of combustible mixture should be continuous and to be 10, 40, 70 and 100% of the nominal bandwidth of the product. The number of tests carried out at each of the indicated feed values \u200b\u200bis taken equal to 2;
- electric thermal converters Tha according to GOST R 8.585 with a diameter of at least 0.5 mm and not more than 1.5 mm. On the tested fireprocessor, installed at the output of the combustion chamber, there are two electrical thermocouples: at the inlet and output, directly in the central part of the flame element;
- Secondary temperature measuring instruments in the range from 0 ° C to 1300 ° C, having an accuracy class of 0.5.
Testing:
- fuel mixture from the mixing chamber to the flame-loader test (feed corresponds to 10% of the nominal bandwidth of the product) and the ignition is carried out on the outlet cut of the flame-haul element;
- Fix the temperature of each electrical thermal converter.
According to the results of measurements of the testimony of electrical thermal converters, the time interval is determined during which the distribution of the flame on the product is not marked.
Flame proliferation criteria for fireproofers are considered:
The appearance of a flame in the outer surface of the fireprocessor hull, as well as the formation of cracks, rejarbers and other non-versed-cutting holes;
- the disappearance of the flame at the surface of the flame element, fixed visually and using a signal from an electrical thermal converter placed at the outlet of the fireprocessor;
- The occurrence of the flame at the entrance to the tested fireprocessor, fixed by the signal from the electrical thermal converter placed at the inlet in the flame-haul element.
Repeat tests with a continuous supply of a combustible mixture with a flow rate of 10, 40, 70 and 100% of the nominal bandwidth of the fireprocessor, while determine the minimum time for the entire test cycle during which the distribution of the flame on the product is not marked.
The maximum test duration should not exceed 70 minutes.
The package must include:
- fireprocessor (sparking);
- Operation manual combined with passport.
At the request of the organizations involved in the maintenance of the fireprocessor (sparking), the manufacturer's enterprise should send the maintenance instructions, a list of spare parts, tools and devices that can be ordered at this enterprise.
Note - in coordination with the Customer, it is allowed to change the completeness of fireprocerers supplied to protect a particular object.
11.1 Design documentation for the fireprocerer (the sparking) must be issued in accordance with the requirements of existing regulatory documents and revised on the test results with the assignment in the prescribed manner.
11.2 Technical conditions for the fireprocessor (sparking) must be developed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.114.
11.3 Each fireprocel must be provided with manual manual. The instruction manual, combined with a passport, should contain information that allows the consumer to correctly establish and use the fireprocessor (sparking).
The instruction manual should include the following sections:
- title page;
- appointment and main technical characteristics of the fireprocessor;
- contents of delivery;
- device and principle of operation of the fireprocessor (with the necessary graphic materials);
- Instructions on safety measures when working with a fireprocerer (sparking). Warning about the possible harmful effects of the protected technological environment on the human body when using this fireprocessor (sparking);
- the order of operation of the fireprocessor (sparking), which should indicate the rules for the installation of the fireprocerer (sparking) on \u200b\u200bthe protected facility, the frequency and volume of inspections, the testing of the fireprocessor (sparking), the values \u200b\u200band tolerances for changing the parameters that are monitored during the inspections;
- order of transportation and storage of the fireprocessor (sparking);
- available certificates (numbers who are issued and to what period are valid);
- certificate of acceptance and evidence of the sale of a fireprocessor (sparking);
- warranty obligations of the manufacturer;
- Forms of tables fill in the maintenance of the fireprocessor (sparking).
UDC 614.845.92: 006.354 | OX 13.220.20 |
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Keywords: fireprocerers and sparkers, technical requirements, test methods |
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Electronic document text
prepared Codex JSC and drilled by:
official edition
M.: Standinform, 2019
Air or oxygen, hitting the gas pipeline, can form an explosive mixture, so it is necessary to prevent pipelines from the penetration of air or oxygen into it. All hazardous industries should create conditions that exclude the possibility of igniting impulses.
Inflammation sources leading gas-high mixes To the explosion, are:
Explosion safety is provided by various fireprocerers. installed in pipelines, on tanks, on purge gas pipelines, candles and other systems, where there is a danger of explosion.
Flame population in the channel filled with a combustible mixture occurs only with the minimum channel diameter, depending on chemical composition and the pressure of the mixture, and is due to the loss of heat from the reaction zone to the channel walls. With a decrease in the diameter of the channel, its surface increases by a unit of mass of the reaction mixture, i.e. heat loss increases. When they reach a critical value, the rate of combustion reaction decreases so much that the further spread of the flame becomes impossible.
The flavening ability of the fireprocessor depends mainly on the diameter of the quenching channels and much less - from their length, and the possibility of the penetration of the flame through the resulting channels depends mainly on the properties and composition of the combustible mixture and pressure. The normal flame propagation rate is the primary value determining the size of the amounts of quenching channels and the choice of a fireprocessor type: how it is more, the smaller the channel is required to clean the flame. Also, the sizes of quenching channels depend on the initial pressure of the combustible mixture. To estimate the flameless ability of fireprocerers, t. N. Pakele's criterion:
Re \u003d W cm DCP P / (RT 0 λ 0)) (8.32)
In the limit of the flame harvesting formula, the Peklet criterion takes the form:
REC \u003d W cm DK P C P P cr / (RT 0 λ 0) (8.33)
where W cm is a normal flame propagation rate; D-diameter of the dividing channel; DK P - the critical diameter of the dividing channel; C p - specific heat heat capacity at 0 ° C and constant pressure; p - gas pressure; R CR - critical gas pressure; R is a universal gas constant; T0 - absolute gas temperature; A0 - thermal conductivity of the initial mixture.
Thus, for calculating the flameless ability of fireprocers, the following source data is necessary:
Normal speed of propagation of flames of combustible gas mixtures;
The actual size of the maximum quenching channels of this fireprocessor.
If the value obtained is greater than p EKR \u003d 65, the fireprocessor will not detain the spread of the flame of this combustible mixture, and vice versa, if the number< 65, огнепреградитель задержит распространение пламени. Запас надежности огнепреградителя, который находят из отношения Р екр к вычисленному значению Р е, должен составлять не менее 2:
P \u003d p EKR / RЕ \u003d 65 / RЕ\u003e 2,0 (8.34)
Using the fact of constancy p of the ECR at the limit of the flame quenching, it is possible to calculate the approximate critical diameter of the channels for any combustible mixture, if the rate of flame propagation is known, as well as heat capacity and thermal conductivity gas system. The following critical diameters of the quenching canal are recommended, mm:
Constructively fireprocerers are divided into four types (Fig. 8.10):
By the installation method - on three types: on pipes for emissions of gases into the atmosphere or to the torch; on communications; Before gas melting devices.
In the housing of the mounted fireprocessor between the lattices there is nozzle with filler (glass or porcelain balls, gravel, corundum and other granules from durable material). The cassette fireprocessor is a housing in which a firework-grinding cassette from corrugated and flat metal tapes, tightly retained into a roll. In the housing of the plate fireprocessor, a package of plane-parallel metal plates with a strictly defined distance between them. The mesh fireprocerer in the housing is placed a package of tightly compressed metal grids. The metal-ceramic fireprocessor is a housing inside which a porous metal-ceramic plate is installed as a flat disk or tube.
Most often applied mesh fireprocerers (they began to install even in early XIX. century in mining lamps (virgin lamps) to prevent the mine explosions). These fireworks are recommended to protect the installations in which gas fuel is burned. The fireworks element consists of several layers of brass mesh with a cell size of 0.25 mm, sandwiched between two perforated plates. The grids package is reinforced in a removable clip.
The fireprocessor housing is made of cast-iron or aluminum alloy and consists of two identical parts connected by a bolt with a removable clip located between them. In addition to those considered dry flamers, liquid safety shutters, preventing gas pipelines from the entry of an explosive wave and flame in the gas-flowing of metals, as well as pipelines and apparatus filled with gas, from penetrating oxygen and air to them.
Fig. 8.10. Types of fireprocerers: A - nozzle; b - cassette; in - lamellar; g - mesh; d - metal ceramics
Liquid gate should:
provide minimal hydraulic resistance to the passage of gas flow. In addition, the liquid from the shutter should not be carried out in the form of droplets in noticeable
the Russian Federation Order of the GUGPS EMERCOM of Russia
install tabmark
install tabmark
Fire safety standards
Fireworks and sparks. GENERAL
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS. Test methods
Date of administration 1999-11-01
Developed by the All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Defense of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Yu.N. Schebeko, V.Y. E.V. Vasina), Moscow Institute of Fire Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (A.P.Petrov, with .A.Gorychev, BCluban), Department of the Organization of the State Fire Supervision of the Main Department of State fire service (GUGPS) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (V.V. Stanov, V.V. Poleviy), Gosgortkhnadzor of Russia (A.A.Shatalov).
Submitted and prepared for approval of the department of the State Fire Supervision GUGPS Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
1. These norms apply to dry-type fireprocessors (sparks), and also establish general technical requirements for these devices and methods of their tests.
2. Real standards do not apply to:
liquid safety shutters;
fireproofers installed on technological equipment, which is associated with the appeal of combustible substances, inclined to explosive decay without oxidizing agent.
3. These standards should be applied when designing and manufacturing fireprocerers and sparkers, as well as when conducting certification tests in the field of fire safety and other types of tests established by the current standards and regulatory and technical documentation.
4. The norms use the following terms with the corresponding definitions.
Dry-type fireprocessor - device fire protectionwhich is installed on a fire-hazard technological apparatus or pipeline, freely transmitting a flow of a gas-air mixture or liquid through a flame-based element and contributing to the localization of the flame.
A dry type sparker is a device installed on exhaust collectors of various vehicles, power units and ensuring the capture and extinguishing of sparks in combustion products that are generated during the operation of the furnaces and internal combustion engines.
The time of conservation of performance when exposed to flame - the time during which the fireprocessor (sparking) is capable of maintaining performance when heated with a stabilized flame on a flame element.
The critical diameter of the flame element is the minimum diameter of the channel of the flame element through which the flame of a stationary vapor-gas mixture may be propagated.
The safe diameter of the flame element channel is the structural diameter of the channel of the melted element, selected, taking into account the security coefficient taken equal to at least 2.
5. Fireproofers are classified according to the following features: the type of the flame element, the installation site, the time of conservation of performance when exposed to flame.
5.1. By the type of flame element, fireprocerers are divided into:
mesh;
cassette;
with a flame-mounted element of granulated material;
with a flavening element from porous material.
5.2. At the place of installation, fireprocerers are divided into:
reservoir or end (the length of the pipeline intended for the message with the atmosphere does not exceed the three internal diameters);
communication (built-in).
5.3. By the time of conservation of performance when exposed to flame, fireprocerers are divided into two classes:
I class - time at least 1 h;
Class II - Time less than 1 hour
6. Sparkoviters are classified by the method of cleaning the sparks and are divided into:
dynamic (exhaust gases are cleaned of sparks under the action of gravity and inertia);
filtering (exhaust gases are purified by filtration through porous partitions).
7. Firegraders and sparks must comply with the requirements of these Norms, GOST 12.2.047, GOST 14249, GOST 15150. , as well as other regulatory documents approved in the prescribed manner.
8. On the fireprocessor housing (sparking) and the flame element should be lacking dents, scratches and defects of anti-corrosion coating.
9. Majorbaric characteristics of the fireprocessor (sparking) must comply with the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the technical documentation.
10. The technical documentation for the fireprocerer (sparking) should indicate (species) of a combustible mixture, to protect which they are used, and the conditions of application (pressure, temperature).
The structural elements of the fireprocessor (sparking) must withstand power loads arising from the spread of flames, with a pressure on which the product is calculated.
11. The design of the fire grower (sparking) should ensure the efficiency of its elements during the entire period of operation in the temperature range given in the technical documentation.
The design of the fireprocessor (sparking) should exclude the possibility of freezing water (moisture) in the flame element.
12. In the structure of the fireprocessor, its periodic cleaning should be provided if the device is designed to work in the presence of mechanical impurities or vapors of liquids prone to crystallization or polymerization in the gas stream or liquid.
13. Fire Housing (Sparking), as well as detachable and deline connections must be sealed (should not miss the flame, sparks and combustion products).
14. In the structure of the fireprocessor (sparking), the size of the slot gaps between the wall of its housing and the flame-haul element should not exceed the safe diameter of the channel.
15. Firegraders (sparks) must be resistant to the outer and internal corrosion impact of media, to work in which they are intended.
16. The structure of the fireprocessor (sparking) should provide for the possibility of internal inspection, replacing the flame element, ease of installation.
17. The structural elements of the fireprocessor (sparking) should not be deformed during the localization of fiery burning over time equal to the time of conservation of performance when exposed to flame.
18. In flamegraders (sparks) using granular material as a flame element, the granules should have a spherical or close form to it.
Granules should be made of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.
19. The constructive (safe) diameter of the flame element of the fireprocessor (sparking) should be no more than 50% of its critical diameter.
20. The design of the fireprocessor (sparking) should provide its reliable fixed mount on the technological equipment or exhaust manifold, taking into account the vibration loads acting throughout the entire operating time.
21. The following technical documentation should be attached to the fireprocerer (sparkoff):
technical passport on the product;
manual.
22. The maximum surface temperature of the spark-core body placed in a combustible medium (combustible gases, pairs, aerosols, dust) must be at least 20% lower than the temperature of the self-ignition of these combustible substances.
23. The time for maintaining the efficiency of the communication fireprocerer when exposed to a flame must comply with the requirements specified in the technical documentation for the product, but not less than 10 minutes.
24. The structure of the fireprocessor (sparking) should provide for the possibility of sealing the detachable connections (with the exception of fastening) in order to control its integrity.
25. Firegrain (sparking) must maintain performance:
with vibrational impacts arising during operation. The limits of their change must be installed by the manufacturer and are indicated in the technical documentation for the product;
in the operating and storage temperature ranges, which must be installed by the manufacturer and are indicated in the technical documentation for the product.
After the fireprocessor is triggered, its flamesale element must be replaced with a new one.
27. The fireprocessor (sparking) is subject to replacement when the flame-haul element is damaged, as well as when cracking or dents on the case appears.
28. The technical documentation for the fireprocerer (sparking) must be reflected as follows:
information about functional purpose (type of flame element, recommended installation location and product class);
types of combustible mixtures, to protect the product;
diameter of the conditional passage of the outlet;
temperature mode of operation;
operating pressure;
the time to preserve performance when exposed to flame;
manufacturing date;
trademark or name of the manufacturer;
tU number.
29. To monitor the compliance of the fireprocessor (sparking), the requirements of these norms are carried out testing: receiving and finished, periodic, certification and typical.
All tests, unless otherwise specified by these standards, should be carried out in the normal climatic conditions established by GOST 15150.
30. Acceptance tests for fireproofers (sparks) are carried out in accordance with GOST 15.001 on the samples of the experimental batch on the program developed by the manufacturer and the developer.
The batch takes the number of products accompanied by one document.
31. Periodic tests are carried out in order to monitor the stability of product quality indicators and the possibility of continuing the product output. Sampling for testing samples are carried out according to GOST 18321. Periodic tests are subjected to 2% of the amount of flamellated flamers (sparks). For tests, no less than four samples of each sizes are taken.
32. Typical tests are carried out when making constructive or other changes (manufacturing, material, etc.), which can affect the basic parameters that ensure the efficiency of the fireprocessor (sparking). The test program is planned depending on the nature of the change and is agreed with the developer.
For typical tests, no less than five samples of fireprocessors (sparks) of each type are taken.
33. Certification tests are carried out in order to establish compliance with the characteristics of the fireprocessor (sparking) of these standards, as well as for issuing a fire safety certificate. For certification tests, three samples of fireprocerers, (sparks) of each type are taken.
34. The volume of acceptance, periodic and certification tests is shown in the table.
List of indicators | Points of these standards containing | Type of test |
|||
technical requirements | test methods | Receiving | Periodic | Certificate |
|
The ability of the fireprocessor to localize the flame and the sparker to prevent ignition | |||||
Tightness of the fireprocessor housing (sparking) | |||||
Maximum surface temperature of the housing of the sparkoff | |||||
Operation of fireprocessor (sparking) for vibratory loads | |||||
The time of conservation of the health capacity of the fireprocessor (communication) when exposed to flame | |||||
Complete set, appearance of fireprocessor (sparking), compliance of the product documentation | |||||
Majorbarite characteristics of the product |
35. In the case of obtaining negative results according to any type of testing the number of test samples double and tests are repeated again in full. Upon receipt of re-negative results, further testing should be discontinued until the causes and elimination of detected defects are detected.
36. Compliance with the fireprocessor (sparking) requirements of claim 8 and 9 establish an external inspection using the appropriate measuring instrument. The accuracy class of the measuring instrument is determined by technical documentation.
37. The mass of the fireprocessor (sparking) and mass of the flame element is determined by weighing on scales with an error that does not exceed 2%. To do this, it is first weighed a fully equipped fireprocerer (sparking), after which it is disassembled and weighed the flame element. If the product is not subject to disassembly in accordance with the requirements of technical documentation, then only the mass of the fireprocessor (sparking) with a flame-haul element is determined.
38. Determination of the ability of the fireprocerer to localize the flame and the sparker to prevent ignition.
For tests use:
a) Test bench consisting of two cylindrical chambers (combustion and control). Stand equipment must withstand pressure arising in the process of testing.
The combustion chamber should be equipped with fittings for supplying a combustible gas-air mixture, placing a pressure sensor, an ignition source and have a diameter of at least 50 mm. The ratio of the length of the chamber to its diameter should be at least 30.
The control chamber must be equipped with fittings for placing the pressure sensor and the ignition source. The capacity of the control chamber should exceed the capacity of the combustion chamber at least 5 times;
b) a system of technical devices that ensure the production of gas-air mixture according to partial pressures of components with an error of no more than 0.5% (about.). The system should include the following equipment:
mixing chamber;
evaporator;
capacity with LVG, GZH or flammable gas;
air compressor;
pipelines with valves.
The partial pressure of the gas component is determined by the formula
where is the bulk concentration of the gas component,% (vol.); - Common pressure in the mixing chamber, kPa.
The mixing chamber must have capacity to fill the combustion chamber and the control chamber required by the gas-air mixture with the test values \u200b\u200bof the pressure and temperature specified for tests;
c) the ignition source representing the nichrome wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm and a length of 2 to 4 mm, fluidized by electrical current when the voltage is supplied (40 ± 5) in;
d) Pressure registration system consisting of primary converters and secondary instruments and recording signals from primary converters in time in the frequency range from 0.1 to 1 kHz.
The ability of the fireprocessor to localize the flame and the sparking agent to prevent the ignition is determined using those types of combustible mixture, to protect which they are intended. Tests on model combustible mixtures are allowed, which are close to the specified mixtures for which the product is intended for the normal blending speed.
Install and secured on the stand fireprocessor (sparking) in accordance with the requirements of technical documentation in such a way as to ensure the tightness of the test products and fire cameras.
Conduct vacuuming of the test stand chambers to residual pressure of no more than 5 kPa and the supply of gas-air mixture from the mixer to the desired pressure. The gas mixture is kept for at least 5 minutes.
Start devices for measuring and registering pressure over time and include the ignition source in the combustion chamber.
The ignition criterion of the gas-air mixture in the control chamber is considered an increase in overpressure in it by no less than 2 times compared with the initial pressure.
If there is no ignition in the control chamber, it is believed that the fireprocessor (the sparkingman) ended up the test.
The test results are considered positive if in three consecutive tests is not fixed by the flame slip (sparks) through the flame-haul element of the fireprocessor or spark via a filter element of the sparking.
39. If the fireprocessor is designed for functioning at atmospheric pressure, tests are allowed to determine the ability of the fireprocessor to the localization of the flame and the brawser to prevent the ignition to be carried out without a combustion control chamber. The process of the flame slip (spark) through the flame-making element of the fireprocessor is fixed visually, using the ignition of gasoline, poured into the pan, which is located directly at the outlet of the fireprocessor (sparking) in the flame-haul element.
40. Tests of the fireprocessor (sparking) on \u200b\u200btightness are carried out in accordance with the "rules of the device and the safe operation of pressure vessels."
41. Determination of the maximum temperature of the sparking body surface.
Tests are carried out on exhaust manifolds of vehicles and power units, which establish sparks, or equipment that imitating the operating conditions of the operation of the furnaces and internal combustion engines, at the rated power of the power unit.
For tests use:
electric thermal converters Tha according to GOST R 50431 with a diameter of at least 0.5 and not more than 1.5 mm. For each brawler, three electrical thermocouples are installed: two at the inlet and outlet of the sparkoff; Third - in the central part of the housing of the sparkoff;
Testing:
the sparkium is placed on the exhaust manifold of the power unit;
include the power unit and output it to operation mode corresponding to the rated power;
fix the temperature of each electrical thermal converter for one hour with continuous operation of the power unit in the mode corresponding to the rated power.
According to measurements, the maximum temperature value from the readings of three electrical thermal converters is determined, which is taken for the maximum temperature of the surface of the sparking body.
42. Tests for the vibration strength of the fireprocessor (sparking) are carried out on the VEDS-200 (400) type vibrite or other type with similar characteristics.
Fireproofers (sparks) are attached to the movable platform of the vibrosenda. Tests are carried out for each of the three axes of coordinates with a frequency of 40 Hz and amplitude of 1 mm, the testing duration in each of the directions is 40 minutes.
After vibration methods, for all three axes, the ability of fireprocers to the localization of flames and sparkers to prevent ignition in accordance with paragraph 38 is determined.
43. Determining the time to preserve the efficiency of the fireprocessor (communication) when exposed to flame.
The essence of the method is to determine the time interval during which the communication fireprocessor retains the ability to localize the flame.
The time of conservation of performance when exposed to flame is determined for fireprocers that have been tested for the ability to localize the flame.
For tests use:
test stand, described in paragraph 38. Two fireworks are fixed to the ends of the combustion chamber: one at the entrance, the other - at the exit. The fire grower placed at the output of the combustion chamber is experienced. The fireprocessor placed at the entrance prevents the spread of the flame from the combustion chamber into the mixer. In the fireprocessor, placed at the entrance to the control chamber, a combustible mixture is fed from the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber must be a flow type and ensure combustion of a combustible mixture on the surface of a flame element of a fireprocessor attached at the output of the combustion chamber. The supply of combustible mixture should be continuous and equal to 10, 40, 70 and 100% of the nominal bandwidth of the product. The number of tests carried out at each of the indicated feed values \u200b\u200bis taken equal to 2;
electric thermal converters Tha according to GOST R 50431 with a diameter of at least 0.5 and not more than 1.5 mm. On the tested fireprocessor, installed at the output of the combustion chamber, there are two electrical thermocouples: at the inlet and outlet directly in the central part in the flame-haul element;
secondary instruments for temperature measurement in the range from 0 to 1300 ° C, having an accuracy class of 0.5.
Testing:
fuel mixture is fed from the mixing chamber to the flame-capacity test (feed corresponds to 10% of the nominal bandwidth of the product) and the ignition is carried out on the outlet cut of the flame-haul element;
fix the temperature of each electrical thermal converter.
According to the results of measurements of the readings of electrical thermal converters, the time interval is determined during which the distribution of the flame on the product is not marked. Flame proliferation criteria for fireproofers are considered:
a) the appearance of a flame in the outer surface of the fireprocessor hull, as well as the formation of cracks, rejarbers and other non-design holes in the design documentation;
b) the simultaneous appearance of the following features with a continuous supply of combustible mixture:
disappearance of the flame at the surface of the flame element, fixed visually and using a signal from an electrical thermal converter placed at the outlet of the fireprocessor;
the occurrence of the flame at the entrance to the tested fireprocessor, which is fixed using the signal from the electrical thermal converter placed at the inlet in the flame-making nozzle.
Tests are repeated with a continuous supply of a combustible mixture with a flow rate of 10, 40, 70 and 100% of the nominal bandwidth of the fireprocessor, while determine the minimum time for the entire test cycle during which NE is noted the distribution of the flame on the product.
GOST 12.4.009-83. SSBT Fire equipment to protect objects. Main types. Accommodation and maintenance.
GOST 15.001-88. Development and production system for production. Production production and technical purposes.
GOST 5632-72. . Steel high-alloyed and alloys, corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant. Brands.
GOST 12766.1-90. Wire made of precision alloys with high electrical resistance. Technical conditions.
GOST 14249-89. Vessels and devices. Norms and methods for calculating strength.
GOST 15150-69 . Machines, appliances and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of exposure to climatic factors of the external environment.
GOST 18321-73. Statistical quality control. Methods of accidental selection of piece products.
GOST 18322-78. System maintenance and repair of technology. Terms and Definitions.
GOST 19433-88. Loads are dangerous. Classification and marking.
GOST 22520-85 E pressure sensors, pressure vacuum and pressure difference with electric analog output signals of the GSP. General specifications.
GOST 24054-80 . Mechanical engineering and instrument-making products. Methods of tightness tests. General requirements.
GOST R 50431-92. Thermocouples. Part 1. Nominal statistical characteristics of the conversion.
The text of the document is drilled by:
official edition
M.: VNIIIPO MIA Russia, 1999
Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.
Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/
FireRelgraders
fireReprocessor Blossoming Barrel Hydraulic
Fireproofers - are called protective devices that transmit steam outdoor mixtures that prevent the passage of the flame. There are reservoir and communication fireprocerers. The tank fireprocers are installed on the respiratory lines of reservoirs, measurements, capacitive devices with flammable liquids and combustible gases. Communication agencies are equipped with pipelines for which the steam outdoor mixtures are transported.
Fireproofers consist of metal housing and nozzles. As the nozzle use rings of rashiga, metal ceramics, gravel, metal grids, corrugated tapes and plates, mineral wool and D.R.
The principle of operation of fireproofers consist in the divination of the flame of narrow channels formed by the nozzle. When the stups are passing, burning mixtures through the nozzle channels, heat loss become equal and even exceed the heat dissipation. This reduces the reaction rate and stops burning.
Fighting cutters are used on pipelines, mainly designed to transport dusty mixtures. Cutters are performed in the form of dampers or high-speed valves that automatically trigge the thermorel or pressure sensors.
HydroCreets - used to prevent the spread of fire along the production sewage lines, as well as liquid and partially gas pipeline. They are installed on all lines of production sewers coming from devices, tanks, buildings of structures, as well as in the places of accession to the main line. On the main line, hydraulic shutters are placed in a certain sequence before the trap and after a distance of at least 10m. The height of the layer of the locking fluid should be 0.25m at laminar and 0.45m with turbulent flow movement.
Emergency tanks - they are usually placed on a specially designated territory, not occupied by manufacturing workshops and installations. If production conditions do not allow emergency capacity outside the workshop (installation), they are set at least 40-50m from the main technological equipment. Emergency capacities are plugged into the ground with such a calculation to ensure self-drained fluid. Usually one emergency container is connected to several devices or tanks. In this case, its volume should be at least 30% of the total volume of apparatus connected to it and tanks, but no less than the volume of the greatest of them.
Fuel fluid is drained into an emergency container in a pipeline specifically designed for this and not used for other purposes. The drain pipe should have the necessary slope, the minimum number of taps and turns and, as a rule, one valve located in a safe or easily accessible place. The cross-section of the pipeline is determined, based on the predetermined drain velocity of the liquid from the emergency apparatus.
The torch installations are combustible gases (pairs) discharged from technological equipment and communications under normal conditions, as well as in emergency cases, in the period of start-up and stopping equipment are burned on special torch installations. The torch installations may be provided as part of a separate production, workshop, technological installation, as well as as part of a plant or combine. The torch installations usually consist of a trunk pipeline in which dumping gases come from individual technological apparatus and containers, a torch for burning gas, the supply pipeline of the heating and inert gas, automatic means of control and regulation. Tormets, as a rule, are equipped with drainage devices, as well as fireprocessors and hydraulic assets.
The flare barrel is designed for open burning of waste gases, equip the burners of permanent and periodic and the ignition device. The torches are placed taking into account the "Rose of Winds" at a sufficient distance from the main technological installations and production buildings, commodity and intermediate warehouses combustible liquids of compressed and liquefied gases.
Posted on Allbest.ru.
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Calculation of the lighting installation to ensure the uniform distribution of light by room in educational institution. To solve the task, the indicators of the size of the audience are specified, the height from the ceiling to the center of the lamp, the height of the working surface above the floor.
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The overall concept of industrial sanitation. Device and purpose of protective grounding of electrical installations. Causes of emergency situations, their characteristics. Evacuation of the urban population and its organization. Characteristics of amazing factors.
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Essence, appointment, principle of operation, scope and examples of a protective shutdown device (UZO). The main elements of any RCD. Uzo, which reacts to the potential of the body relative to the Earth and the Uzo, which responds to the differential (residual) current.
essence of a protective action;
determination of the critical diameter of the channel;
schemes for fireproofers;
requirements for placement and operation.
features of their use on gas and liquid lines.
Dry fireprocerers.
Dry fireprocessors are used to protect pipelines without a liquid phase, in which a combustible concentration of vapors or gases with air may be formed during certain periods of operation, as well as to protect lines with substances that are able to decompose under the action of pressure, temperature and other factors.
The essence of the protective effect of dry flame benefiters.
The essence of the protective effect of dry fireprocerers is a flames in narrow channels, which is due to the growth of the heat loss intensity compared with heat generation as a result of increasing the specific surface of the flame front.
When the heat flow speed compared with the heat release rate reaches a critical value, then the combustion temperature, which means the speed of chemical reactions in the burning zone, decreases so much that the spread of burning (the front of the flame) on the combustible mixture in the narrow channel becomes impossible.
These are the conditions and are created in dry fireprocerers.
The flame, spreading on a combustible mixture, is included in the fireprocel nozzle consisting of a large number of narrow channels, where it is divided into a plurality of small flame, which cannot be distributed in narrow channels.
Schemes for fireproofers .
To dismember the living (passing) section of the protected pipeline, various nozzles in the form of a beam of tubes, grids, granules, rings, fibers (metal, glass, asbestos) metallic ceramics are used to the family of narrow channels in fireprocerers. Nozzles are located in the fireprocessor housing.
The diameter of the fireprocessor housing to reduce the hydraulic resistance has an increased size compared to the diameter of the protected pipeline.
To reliably connect the fireprocessor housing with a pipeline on both sides, there are flanges, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the protected pipeline.
Schemes of the main types of fireprocerers are presented in Figure 1.
Fig.1. Schemes of the main types of fireprocerers
but - with horizontal grids; b. - with vertical grids; in - with gravel; g. - with spirally rolled together corrugated and flat ribbons; d. - With a metal nozzle.
1 - body; 2 - a flavening nozzle; 3 - lattice; 4 - Support rings
Critical diameter of the fireprocessor nozzle channel.
The diameter of the fireprocessor nozzle channel, in which the heat balance (equality) between heat generation and heat lines is installed in the combustion zone, is called a critical diameter d. kr .
This diameter is determined by calculation. It depends on the properties of a combustible mixture, concentration, initial temperature and pressure. Calculate diameter calculation you can see.
The valid (quenching) diameter of the fireprocessant nozzle canal takes less and taking into account the stock coefficient is 0.5-0.8 d. kr .
With other types of fireproof structures, you can get acquainted.
Requirements for placement and operation.
So, dry fireprocers most often protect gas and steady lines, in which combustible concentrations (respiratory lines of reservoirs, measurements, intermediate tanks, pressure tanks, tanks, measurements, intermediate tanks, pressure tanks and devices from LVZ, and flammable, may be formed. Liquids heated to the flare and above).
Dry fireprocerers protect the bulging lines and purge lines of recovery installations; lines coming from devices and tanks to the torch; lines gas strapping Tanks with LVZ, etc.
Dry fireprocers are also protected by lines with the presence of substances capable of decomposing under pressure, temperature and other factors.
Liquid fireprocers (hydraulic shutters).
Essence of a protective action.
The flame breeding in the hydraulic circuitors occurs at the time of the passage (barbotting) of the burning gas-air mixture through the locking layer of the fluid as a result of crushing it on thin jets and individual bubbles in which the flame front is dissected.
The total heat transfer surface of the flame is increasing.
As a result, the conditions in the reaction zone are created in the reaction zone in the reaction zone to exceed the heat loss intensity over the intensity of heat dissipation.
For the vapor-high lines, water is used as a locking liquid, and in liquid lines used the transported liquid.
To increase the efficiency of the fire extinguishing effect of liquid flamers, the height of the locking layer of the fluid under normal pressure is taken from 10 to 50 cm.
In addition, to reduce the size of the bubble bubbles of a combustible mixture on a cutting pipe immersed in a hydraulic liquid, provide special slots.
The scope of liquid light spareholders (hydraulic shutters).
To protect liquid and gas pipeline lines, trays, production sewage, etc., in which, under the operating conditions, the flame propagation in the kinetic and diffusion combustion modes can be used, liquid flame spheres (hydraulic shutters) are used.
Let's remember a little, in what cases the kinetic burning occurs in which diffusion.
When the spread of the flame occurs in the kinetic combustion mode, the reaction goes with an explosion.
The slow spread of the flame on the surface of the fluid is observed with diffusion combustion mode.
Schematic diagram of hydraulic circuit low pressure On the gas line is shown in Fig. 2. :
1- Corps; 2- water; 3- water supply line; 4 - submissive pipe; 5-discharge pipe; 6-rini removal of excess water; 7-disk; 8 slots.
Fig.2. Low Pressure Hydraulic Shutter Scheme
Features of the use of fireproofers on gas and liquid lines.
The hydraulic machines are widely used to protect fillength lines of devices with lower supply of liquid, drain lines on the extraaks, overflow lines of capacitive devices, production sewage in enterprises with LVZ and GJ, pumping premises trays, etc.
Special hydroplays are used to protect gas lines of medium and high pressure, which, in contrast to liquid low-pressure flamers, have a small amount of locking fluid, are equipped with a check valve and a safety membrane.
The principle of operation of such hydraulic assets is similar to low pressure hydraulic assembly.
Liquid fireprocerers for execution and completeness must strictly comply with the technical conditions on their manufacture.
When used as a locking fluid, the fireprocerers are advisable to position in heated rooms.
In the absence of such an opportunity, additives reduce the temperature of its freezing (ethylene glycol, glycerin, etc.) contribute into water.
Hydraulic shutters.
