Usage electric water heaters It is the most convenient way solving the problem of lack of hot water supply in an apartment or in a country house.
Video review - Tankless water heater.
According to the method of heating water, electric water heaters are divided into two groups:
The use of instantaneous water heaters in which cold water, passing through pipe with heating element, comes out of it already hot, somewhat problematic. First of all, because of the power they consume. This is about 5-8 kW. The wiring of not every house is able to withstand such power.
It will be much more rational to use electric water heaters of a capacitive or storage type. There is a wide range of such water heaters, the capacity of which ranges from 5 to 150 liters.
Just like a flow-type water heater, it has a heating element (heater). Teng heats water to the desired temperature and turns off. When the temperature of the heated water drops slightly, the heating element turns on again and heats the cooled water. In order to reduce heat loss between the outer casing and the container (tank), a heat-insulating layer of solid foam has been created.
Important in choosing a storage water heater will be the fact that the power of such a device is in the region 2 kW. Homeowners won't need to worry about wiring. Water heating is carried out slowly, over several hours, but with such a gentle mode of use, energy consumption becomes much less.
Before buying a tank water heater, you should decide how much hot water necessary for use in this dwelling. Accordingly, the more water you need, the larger the capacity of the water heater should be bought. Because, by installing a water heater small volume, the owners will make their device work without rest, which will increase electricity consumption and significant wear of water heating elements.
If there are two or more water risers in the dwelling, it would be more appropriate to install two or even several water heaters with different tank capacities. For example, in the kitchen, where the water consumption is much less than in the riser in the bathroom, it is worth installing DHW tank from 10 to 30 liters. But when installing a water heater for a bathroom, you need to consider how many people will use it hot water and how much it will require. For big family A DHW tank with a tank volume of 80 to 150 liters or more is best suited.
Basically, the inner surface of most electric water heaters is made of steel coated with a layer of protective enamel. This is enough durable material with good anti-corrosion properties, non-toxic, chemical resistant. Installed inside the tank anti-corrosion anode, increasing the service life of metal parts.
In regions with hard water, there is a possibility of rapid limescale build-up inside the tank. To avoid this unpleasant phenomenon, before installing a storage water heater, it is necessary to equip the water supply unit with filtering installations. If this is not possible, the tank is periodically cleaned of lime deposits.
Equipment
The price includes a delivery set: thermal insulation in a practical casing made of PVC or ABS plastic, one or more heating elements (Austria, Poland). You can also purchase additional compatible equipment to equip the water heater. The price list is available at the link: additional equipment › .
Thermal insulation, which water heaters are equipped with, serves to reduce heat losses and reduce energy consumption to maintain the temperature of the water inside the tank at a given level. The water heater is delivered assembled with a casing and thermal insulation, except for models with a volume of 4000 liters or more. Thermal insulation, if necessary, can be easily dismantled and mounted to carry the device through doors and mounting windows. Electrotherm products are supplied with two types of thermal insulation: polyurethane foam in a soft PVC fabric jacket or polyester in a hard ABS plastic jacket.
Custom equipment developmentBy special order, it is possible to manufacture a water heater of any volume in the range from 600 to 10,000 liters. At your request, consultants will select a sufficient volume and power of the water heater, based on the estimated consumption of hot water at the facility.
In addition, at the request of the customer, additions and changes can be made to the design of the water heater, for example: overall dimensions, changing the location of the nozzles, increasing the working pressure and electric power.
You can find out more about the development of a custom-made water heater.
Application and Features
The electric water heater Electrotherm 1000 E is a heat-insulated sealed tank, the water in which is heated using one or more electric heating elements made of stainless heat-resistant steel. The heaters are equipped with thermostats and allow you to adjust the temperature of water heating. Also, heating elements are equipped with emergency temperature sensors that protect the water heater from overheating. Structurally, the water heater allows you to organize the recirculation of hot water in the DHW system.
Industrial electric water heaters are used for hot water supply systems (DHW) of municipal and commercial facilities that need a large amount of hot water: hotels, schools, kindergartens, hypermarkets, sports complexes, factories, etc. Water heaters are used as the main or as backup source hot water supply.
The performance of electric water heaters depends on their volume and electric power. The volume of standard electric water heaters of the E series ranges from 600 to 10,000 liters as standard. The power of the water heater, in standard models, ranges from 4.5 to 90 kW. By special order, the volume and power of the water heater can be changed up or down.
The internal tank of the product is made of high quality AISI 321 stainless steel or ceramic coated high strength structural steel and is designed to operate under positive internal pressure.
HONEST CAPACITY: unlike a number of other manufacturers, in electric water heaters Electrotherm the capacity of the internal tank is not underestimated. This means that in the 1000 E model the actual capacity is 1000 liters. At the same time, models from a number of other manufacturers
(both Russian and European), labeled xx1000, may actually have a smaller capacity, for example 700-800 liters. Thus, manufacturers achieve an apparent reduction in the cost of products, although they actually reduce real performance water heaters.
Coated high strength structural steel inner tank
The thickness of the steel is from 3 mm, the inner coating consists of ceramics with special components. The coating reliably protects the inner tank from corrosion and is resistant to deformation. Coated water heaters are used for heating and storage drinking water, water for sanitary needs (showers, laundries, swimming pools, etc.) and water for technical needs, which is confirmed by the relevant expert opinion.
Outside, the tank is covered with a special paint that has water-repellent properties and serves to protect the tank from aggressive influences. environment and from external mechanical damage during transportation and connection.
Inner tank made of uncoated high-strength structural steelSteel thickness from 3 mm, containers with a structural steel tank are used in closed heating systems as a heat accumulator (buffer tank) and in ventilation systems as a cold accumulator. Outside, the tank is covered with a special paint, which has water-repellent properties, serves to protect against external corrosion and external mechanical damage during transportation and connection.
Interesting fact: The exterior paint is the same manufacturer as the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.
Stainless steel inner tank
Stainless steel water heaters are used for heating and storing drinking water, sanitary water (showers, laundries, swimming pools, etc.) and technical water. Stainless steel of European production (France, Finland) grade AISI 321 with the addition of titanium is used for manufacturing. it has better anti-corrosion properties than the traditional AISI 304 and AISI 304L steels.
Why the country of steel production is important: The properties of stainless steel determine the content of alloying additives (mostly chromium and nickel) in it, which give the steel its anti-corrosion properties. In European steel, the content of alloying additives is higher, and the steel has stronger anti-corrosion properties, in comparison with some types of Russian steel, where the minimum amount of alloying additives at the lower limit of the standard is used to reduce the cost.
Water heaters of all types are tested overpressureTests pass each produced water heater. The test pressure is up to x2 of the rated working pressure. This means that water heaters with a working pressure of 6 bar are tested at a pressure of 12 bar, which confirms the exceptional reliability and quality of the equipment.
The high reliability of Electrotherm water heaters is due to the careful selection of materials and the use of welding equipment and original filler materials from leading European concerns.
You can learn more about the advantages of Electrotherm products.
Applications of water heaters indirect heating justified when solid fuel or is installed in the heating system. If there is gas in the house, then it is easier and cheaper to use either single-circuit in tandem with geysers. In the case of installing an indirect heating boiler, there can even be no question, since there are its electrical prototypes.
To begin with, what is an indirect heating water heater - this is a tank in which water is heated for household needs due to the operation of the boiler. It performs the same functions as a conventional electric boiler. The tank can be connected to any boiler, but is usually used in tandem with solid fuel boilers. The main thing is that a circuit for an indirect heating water heater is provided in the heater. The principle of operation is quite simple:
Korean ones are inexpensive, but the quality is not displayed in any way - it is on top.
The boiler is also in demand, especially among apartment owners.
As hot water is used, liquid from the water supply enters the tank. The tank has a branch pipe for make-up, which works autonomously. The degree of filling is controlled by special sensors. Depending on the configuration of the tank, it is installed in a dead-end or circulation DHW system.
The equipment and materials of indirect heating water heaters may differ, and this should be taken into account when choosing. You need to start with materials. The main thing to look at is what the tank is made of. It can be made of ordinary steel or stainless steel. The latter, of course, is better, but such a product is also more expensive. The service life of the product depends on the quality of the tank material, so this selection criterion is one of the determining ones.
When you have decided on the materials, you need to decide which DHW system you plan to install. If it is a circulating hot water supply, then there must be a pipe for recirculation in the indirect heating tank. Main structural elements:
An electric heating element can be installed as additional options. This is an optional element, but it's still better to have it. Do you use hot water all year round and no heating. It is unreasonable to fire a boiler just for the sake of heating water; it is much more convenient to use an electric heating element.
Heating elements are dry and wet. From experience we can say that it is better not to take a dry heating element. It is more expensive and, despite all the efforts of manufacturers, also burns out. Dry heating elements are cheap, you can change it yourself, and it’s much easier to find it on sale.
The last, optional element of the package is a built-in heat exchanger for alternative energy sources. The water in the tank can be heated by connected or.
When all the technical issues are settled, it remains only to choose the volume. According to reviews, we can say that for a family of three adults, a 100-liter tank will be enough. But even if you take a larger tank, then there will be no unpleasant moments during operation. The only thing is that it will take more time for the first heating. Then the water will be heated as it is used. If you do not open the hot water tap, then it remains in the tank and does not cool down. The water heater is well insulated with polyurethane foam, so heat loss is minimal.
The installation of storage water heaters for indirect heating depends on whether your boiler has a special circuit for it. If yes, then all that is required is to connect the pipes of the heat exchanger built into the tank to the heater and insert the temperature sensor of the tank into the place intended for it in the boiler.
When the pressure in the heating system reaches a critical value, it releases.
Operation is more expensive, and installation is cheaper.
If you have an ordinary boiler, then the water heater is connected to the heating, like another radiator. The main problem is the temperature control of the water in the tank. Therefore, it is mounted according to the principle of a warm floor - through mixing unit. In this capacity, a conventional three-way valve is ideally suited, to which a temperature sensor from the boiler is connected. Naturally, elementary rules must be observed: the presence of shut-off valves and the installation of detachable connections (American women).
Good day
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WATER HEATERS CAPACITIVEELECTRIC |
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Manufacturing company Unitherm |
Country of origin: Germany |
Certificate of conformity GOSSTANDARD RF C-DE .AB 66.B .00374 |
Ocompanies
German company Unitherm Haustechnik GmbH specializes in the production of water heating, heating, pumping equipment and electrical appliances.
All products are manufactured at factories in Germany and the EU and have the necessary certificates of conformity and quality. The latest technology, the best price-quality ratio and modern design characterize the products as accurately as possible. Unitherm and allow the company to occupy a leading position in the global market.
The company pays great attention to environmental protection. First of all, this concerns energy-saving technologies and devices that help reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere and use energy more rationally.
Device and principle of operation.
Storage water heaters have a tank in which water is heated. In this case, cold water is at the bottom of the tank, and hot water is at the top.During the intake of hot water from the water heater, it is displaced by cold water. Cold water enters the water heater from below, under pressure, and hot water is taken from above. The diagram shows that the supply pipe cold water short, and the hot water intake pipe is long, therefore, all hot water goes from above the water heater. In order for hot water to flow constantly, it is necessary that the water heater has access to cold water, and it is connected to the electrical network. It should be remembered that hot water from the storage water heater will not flow constantly, since hot water is displaced by cold water, and the heating element, although it turns on at this time, does not have enough power to immediately heat the water.
· The heat-insulating layer ensures that the temperature of the water in the tank is maintained for a sufficiently long time.
Scheme of connection of a capacitive electric water heater.
ELECTRIC STORAGE WATER HEATER companies Unitherm
· Water heaters accumulative universal for installation of heating elements, floor, 800-1000 l, stainless steel. steelUS... Uni S 59 kb
· Floor water heaters universal with the possibility of installing heating elements and / or heat exchangers with a capacity of 140 to 3000 l US...Uni
· Storage water heaters: electric, floor standing, 200-600 lUS, US...B 72 kb
· Storage water heaters: electric, wall-mounted, vertical, 30-200 lUSR 104 kb
· Storage water heaters: electric, wall-mounted, horizontal, 50-200 lUSR...H 86 kb
Water heaters capacitive electric.
Electric floor standing DHW cylinders closed type seriesUS 200–600 B, US 200–400 capacity from 200 to 600 liters, designed for floor mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 10 bar. Appliances have single-phase 230V or three-phase 400V electrical connection(volume above 400 l) depending on the power consumption, the possibility of using a cheap nightly tariff (only US ...). Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more draw-off points. To save energy, it is recommended to set the energy saving mode to 60° C.
Design
● Steel inner tank ST 372, covered with anti-corrosion enamel;
●C removablethermal insulation from environmentally friendly material;
● Integrated heating flange (∅ 180 mm) with stainless steel heating element;
● Protective magnesium anode∅ 33x400–M8;
● Control unit and heating indicator on the heating flange;
● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment 20–75°C;
● Frost protection mode and safety temperature limiter.
IP 24 (protection against splashing water);
USR, with a capacity of 30 to 200 liters, designed for wall mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 6 bar ( USR 30–50) and 8 bar (USR 80–200). Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more draw-off points and are used both in open and in closed systems water heating. The devices are equipped with a heating indicator and a stepless regulator that allows you to set the heating temperature in the range from 15 to 65 ° C ( USR 30–50) or from 20 to 75°C ( USR 80–200).
Design
● Steel body painted with white powder enamel;
● High quality steel inner tank ST 37–2 with a special glass-ceramic coating applied by pouring at a temperature of 850°C;
● Control unit and heating indicator on the front panel;
● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment from 15 to 65°С ( USR 30–50) or from 20 to 75°C ( USR 80–200);
● Mounting bracket included
● High degree of electrical safety: type of protection IP 24.
Closed Type Electric DHW Tanks SeriesUSR... H, with a capacity of 50 to 200 liters, are designed for wall mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 8 bar. Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more draw-off points and are used in both open and closed water heating systems. The horizontal arrangement of the device allows to place it in the conditions of limited space. The devices are equipped with a heating indicator and a stepless regulator that allows you to set the heating temperature in the range from 20 to 73 ° C.
Design
● Steel body painted with white powder enamel;
● Stainless steel inner tank St 372 with a special glass-ceramic coating applied by pouring at 850° C;
● Thermal insulation from environmentally friendly material;
● Stainless steel heating element;
● Anti-corrosion magnesium anode;
● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment from 20 to 75°C, hidden under a decorative cover;
● Heating indicator on the front panel;
● Thermometer;
● Frost protection mode and safety temperature limiter;
● Mounting bracket included.
● High degree of electrical safety: protection class IP X 4 (protection against water splashes).
The device and principle of operation of universal capacitive water heaters.
The principle of operation of universal capacitive water heaters practically does not differ from the principle of operation of capacitive electric water heaters. The main difference is the use various systems water heating (electric heating element, water-to-water heat exchanger), and in water heaters with two flange holes, their combinations.
Positive characteristics:
· The heat-insulating layer ensures that the temperature of the water in the tank is maintained for a long time.
Negative characteristics:
· The volume of hot water is limited by the size of the tank.
Universal floor storage water heaters of closed type US...Uni volumes from 140 to 3000 liters are optimally suited for providing hot water both in small facilities and in facilities with a large need for hot water.
Water heaters are produced in modifications with one (140-500 l) and two (300-3000 l) flange holes, which gives ample opportunities for combining water heaters for various heating systems - an electric heating element or a water-to-water heat exchanger, which are supplied separately.
All models with two flange holes have a flange diameter of 240 mm (maximum power 2x45 kW), models with one flange hole - 180 mm (maximum power 1x10 kW).
All water heaters are equipped with a threaded coupling for installing an additional heating element with a power of up to 9 kW.
Water heaters with a capacity of up to 500 liters are equipped with a metal casing, as evidenced by the M index in the model name. Water heaters with a capacity of 800 liters are supplied in a soft removable casing.
Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more draw-off points.
Design
· Heating tank made of ST37-2 stainless steel with double coating of environmentally friendly anti-corrosion quartz enamel;
· One flange hole 180 mm (US ...1 M Uni ) or two flange holes 240 mm (US ...2 (M) Uni ) for the installation of electric heating elements and heat exchangers, (unused holes can be closed with a plug and cover);
· Threaded coupling for installation of an additional electric heating element;
· Highly efficient environmentally friendly removable thermal insulation with a thickness of 50 (US ...1 M Uni ) to 100 mm (US ...2 Uni );
· Magnesium anode or externally powered anode - for additional protection from corrosion;
· Fittings for connecting cold and hot pipelines, as well as a fitting for connecting a return circulation pipeline;
· Hard metal hood (US ... M Uni ) or soft detachable hood (US ... Uni )
· Built-in thermometer.
Universal electric floor standing storage water heaters closed type US…Uni S volumes from 800 to 1000 liters made of stainless steel are optimally suited for providing hot water in facilities with a large demand for hot water. Water heaters are produced in modifications with two flange openings, which gives ample opportunities for using electric heating elements with a power of up to 10 kW each. The maximum working pressure in the hot water supply system is 10 bar. Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more draw-off points.
Design
Warm water in the bathroom and in the kitchen is an indispensable attribute of modern life, making it better in every way. But centralized water supply, which provides hot water to most residential buildings, does not always meet the criteria for quality service. And in rural areas or in holiday villages, the only way to take a hot shower is to heat the water yourself.
The most obvious way to heat water is with an open fire or an archaic stove. Until recently, a wood-burning boiler, popularly nicknamed titanium, was popular in the countryside.
Titan on wood
But kindling a titanium furnace or boiler is a laborious task, and it also requires fuel and time, and which modern man will burden himself with difficulties if he is accustomed to getting warm water just by turning on the faucet?
Convenience of hot water That's why, electric water heaters are practically indispensable sources of hot water in non-gasified regions that do not have readily available fuel reserves.
Residents of city houses are also installing them, refusing from unstable district heating, which is much better than depending on an unreliable heat supplier.
Water heater in a city apartment In addition, electric water heaters are much easier to handle, maintain and connect than a gas boiler, which requires a reliable chimney for its operation.
Water heaters, or as they are popularly called - boilers, differ in two design principles that determine their size and energy consumption:
The water in the boiler warms up to the required temperature in a few hours and is consumed as needed.
There are several ways to heat water, developed and introduced into mass production by such "titans" of the water heater industry as "Ariston", "Bosch", "Electrolux", "Thermex", "AEG", "Drazice", "Thermex", "Titan" .
But unlike the "exotic" methods - microwave and heating water directly with an electric current, "classic" heating with a hot spiral remains the most popular.
When an electric current flows through a conductor with increased resistance (compared to copper, aluminum or iron), according to the well-known Joule-Lenz law, much more heat is released than in electrical wiring wires.
Joule-Lenz law This physical pattern made it possible to create heating elements based on nickel and chromium alloys, which have high temperature melting.
In no case should water come into contact with the surface of the heated coil - thermal electrochemical processes will very quickly destroy the coil material.
In addition, direct electrical contact with water on live surfaces will be unsafe for users operating the water heater.
Dangerous voltage on the surface of a water faucet Therefore, the coil of the heating element is isolated from water masses, enclosing it in a hermetic, waterproof structure with good dielectric properties and acceptable thermal conductivity.
The design solutions of water heaters largely determine the type of heating elements used in them. For example, in flow boilers, the coils of heaters and pipes through which water circulates form a complex system that is difficult to repair.
Instantaneous water heater device But it should be noted that instantaneous water heaters do not consume electricity to heat the reserve volume of water.
More simply, water is heated in storage boilers - the heating element is installed at the bottom of the tank, and can be easily replaced by the owner of the water heater, without the involvement of a master.
Free access to the heating element of the storage water heater Because the flow boilers to quickly heat the water flow, they require a sufficiently large electrical wiring power, then such water heaters for a summer residence or an ordinary apartment do not the best choice, considering what kind of network is in holiday villages or wiring in apartment buildings.
Therefore, a kind of “titanium” dominating the boiler market is a storage (capacitive) water heater, which is rightfully considered by users to be the best acquisition for the ability to constantly use hot water.
Wide range of storage boilers Whatever the type of heating element, it must be electrically safe, because water is an excellent current conductor. Therefore, manufacturers of heating elements try to protect the conductive spiral from water as best as possible.
Appearance tubular heating element for water heater To do this, the heater coil, together with heat-conducting insulators, is enclosed in a sealed metal tube that transfers heat to water.
The electrical connection of the heating element is carried out in the part of the heating element inaccessible to water at the contact terminals electrically connected to the spiral.
Various designs Heating elements of water heaters One of the biggest problems that arise during the operation of a storage water heater is corrosion internal surfaces of the tank.
Corrosion occurs due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in water and its elevated temperature. In water, currents of an electrochemical nature arise.
The inner surface of the heater tank is corroded It is known that positive ions, breaking away from the metal surface, literally reduce the number of molecules, which affects the physical and chemical resistance of the material.
To prevent this from happening, the inner surface of the water heater tank is coated with enamel, protecting the metal surface from contact with water.
Another way of anti-corrosion protection is to use a more active metal (magnesium) as an anode, which will react to emerging potential differences, giving up its ions to the reaction instead of steel.
Heating element with worn out magnesium anode Modern water heaters are equipped software that monitors the electrical activity of water and uses a titanium active anode.
Principles for implementing corrosion protection with anodes Since titanium is a very stable chemical element, it does not release ions into the reaction, instead a constant electrical voltage is applied to it.
The voltage level on the titanium electrode is determined by the water heater's software algorithm, which temporarily turns off the voltage and measures the current potential difference in the water.
Control panel of a modern water heater with program control This electrode is connected and adjusted at the factory, and, as a rule, unlike the magnesium rod, which must be changed once a year, the replacement of the titanium anode is not required during the entire operation of the water heater.
Another problem due to which electric water heaters fail is the corrosion and destruction of the heating element itself due to the accumulation of scale on its surface.
Limescale impairs the heat transfer of the heating element, as a result of which the metal tube overheats and burns out. In this place, a current leakage occurs through the water-moistened scale.
Breakdown and destruction of the heating element of the water heater With each inclusion of the heating element, the electrical breakdown increases in size, and its resistance decreases, until a short circuit occurs to the body through water.
Leakage of current through water can pose a threat to human health and life, so boiler manufacturers began to produce water heaters with dry heating elements.
Dry heating element of the water heater This heating element has a slightly different design, in which heat is transferred through air gaps in ceramic insulators. The thermal conductivity and water resistance of the heating element is ensured by a steel flask in contact with water.
The design of a water heater with a dry heating element Regardless of what shade the water heater is equipped with, when connecting it, it is necessary use RCD to protect against possible leaks that could lead to electric shock.
For self-assembly and the commissioning of an electric water heater, it is necessary to have a minimum knowledge of the skills of an electrician and plumber.
The instructions for the water heater must clearly describe the entire connection process. If the user does not have enough experience with plumbing equipment, then it is better to delegate this scope of work to the appropriate specialist.
Connecting plumbing fittings to the water heater As already mentioned, water heaters, which are usually installed in the bathroom, must be connected to the electrical network using an RCD without fail, in accordance with the PUE standard.
Paragraph 7.1.48 of the EIC Wiring must be sized for the power and current consumed by the water heater. Considering that boilers consume significant current, it is better to use a separate electrical wiring line for their power supply, protected by a separate circuit breaker.
Most water heaters are plugged into an ordinary socket with a grounding contact. In this case, the socket must have an increased degree of electrical protection - IP4, and have a hinged waterproof cover.
Socket outlet with protective hinged cover IP44 Some high capacity water heaters can be connected to electrical network using connection terminals. The connection diagram and the location of the terminals are indicated on the boiler body and in the user manual.
