Date palms have been cultivated by mankind for thousands of years. For small peoples, date trees are not only a supplier of tasty and nutritious fruits, but also building materials. One of the brightest and most decorative representatives of culture is the Canary date.
In a temperate climate, an exotic tree is grown in a greenhouse or at home. In the summertime, the Canary Date Palm will become the main decoration of the infield.
The Canary Islands are considered the birthplace of the Canary date palm. In their natural environment, trees grow in the humid forests of South Asia and Africa.
Today, the Canarian date, or Luxor, is found in all regions with tropical and subtropical climates.
Under natural conditions, a palm tree grows on average from 15 to 25 m. A date tree grown in a greenhouse or at home will reach a height of 1.5-2 m.
The trunk of a perennial palm is straight, with multiple scars remaining after shedding the leaf blades. The crown is lush, concentrated on the top of the tree.
On each leaf plate, there are up to 150 sharp, narrow leaves of silvery-green shades. The length of the leaf plate of an adult tree reaches 6 m. In adult trees, long, sharp thorns are formed in the lower part of the leaf cover.
During the flowering period, inflorescences appear on the tree, male, cream shades, and large female, yellow and orange flowers.
In place of flowers, small, sweet and fleshy orange-colored fruits are tied, each of which has a large stone.
Interesting! In African tribes to this day, large palm leaves are used to cover the roofs of houses.
The main advantage of the Canary date palm is ease of maintenance. With good lighting and timely watering, the tree grows and develops quickly.
The Canary date is well established, cleans the air in the room from the negative effects of the environment.
Exotic culture is grown in winter gardens, greenhouses, greenhouses, loggias and indoors. At home, a well-lit, free space is chosen for the date palm.
Luxor, a variety of the Canary date palm, adapted for indoor cultivation. The tree is distinguished by its compactness, with proper care it grows from 1.5 to 2 m. The crown is lush, branched, with many large, feathery leaves of bright green shades.
The miniature palm tree is used for landscaping apartments, houses and offices.
Important! Palm Luxor, grows lush and beautiful, only under the condition of good sunlight and high humidity.
For propagation of date palms, the seed method is most often used.
Growing a palm tree from seeds takes a long time, but with the right actions, the grower will get a beautiful, exotic plant.
Requires fresh date seeds for planting.
In a natural environment, hot climate and high humidity, date palms begin to bear fruit, reaching the 15 m mark. A compact exotic culture, grown at home, has excellent decorative qualities, but it will not be able to bloom and bear fruit.
Interesting! From the wood of the Canary date palm, the core is extracted, from which the syrup is subsequently made.
Before planting the Canary Date Palm, stock up on fresh seeds and patience. After all, the period of germination of seeds of an exotic tree will take from 2 to 4 months.
Palm rhizomes develop in depth, so deep and high pots are chosen for planting.
On the bottom of the container in which it is planned to plant Luxor, a thick drainage layer of fine stone, crushed stone or pebbles is laid out.
Stagnant water in the pot will lead to rotting of the root system and the death of the tree.
The soil for planting date seeds is purchased in flower shops or prepared independently.
For this, peat, compost, light, sod soil, charcoal and sand are mixed. A little organic matter is added to the finished mixture.
In the absence of the opportunity to prepare the soil on their own, they buy a universal soil for growing flowers in the store.
The main condition when choosing planting material is that the palm seeds are not subjected to heat treatment.
Seeds can simply be planted in fertile soil, and wait 5-6 months for the first shoots to appear. But in order to speed up activities for germinating date seeds, you will have to do the following:
Important! Prepare some date seeds for germination. After all, plants are prone to get sick and die with unsuccessful transplants, therefore, in order to grow a healthy and beautiful tree, it is better to insure yourself.
The process of planting a prepared date seed is simple and does not take much time.
Advice! Date palm seeds are best germinated in early spring. In this case, during the summer period, the shoots will take root and take root, receive a sufficient amount of sunlight and heat.
To germinate a date palm seed at home, it is important to observe the temperature regime and maintain the moisture necessary for the plant.
The Canary Date Palm will grow beautiful and healthy only with good lighting. Seed pots are placed on the windowsills in the southern part of the premises.
Luxor, an exotic culture, therefore requires sunshine all year round. In winter, the tree is additionally illuminated and the plant pot is rotated evenly so that each side of the plant receives the same amount of light.
When the air humidity is low, the Canary date starts to hurt. The leaves of the tree dry up and fall. The tree and the room are additionally sprayed with water, creating conditions that are comfortable for growth and development.
When germinating seeds, it is also important to observe the temperature regime. In the room where the seed pots are located, the temperature is maintained at least +22 degrees. If the temperature rises, the room is additionally humidified.
As it grows and develops, Luxor needs fresh air. Until the seeds germinate, remove the film daily and ventilate the pots with the planted plant.
In the summer, an adult palm tree is taken out to the personal plot, in the winter the room where the pot with the tree is located is ventilated.
Important! When ventilating the room, do not allow too sharp changes in temperature conditions.
The Canary date palm is an unpretentious culture. It is enough to follow the rules of care, which include watering, maintaining air humidity and timely feeding of an exotic plant.
Young shoots require frequent and thorough watering. Irrigation is carried out as soon as the topsoil dries up.
Date seedlings have a negative attitude to waterlogging of the soil. Stagnant water in the pot causes softening and discoloration of the leaf plates. Lack of watering is also not tolerated by shoots. Green leaves sag and do not recover.
Water the tree with warm, settled water. In winter, irrigation activities are reduced.
Additional nutrition is important for the developing plant. As top dressing, mineral and organic fertilizers are used alternately.
In the spring and summer, the seedlings are fed 1 time for 10-12 days. In winter, feeding is reduced to 1 time per month.
The formation of the crown of the date palm occurs during the growth and development of the plant. First of all, cut off the broken, dry and dead leaves.
Leaves are carefully trimmed without damaging the trunk and roots of the plant.
In winter, dried, yellowed leaves are often formed on a date tree. You should not cut them off, because the root system uses the dying leaf plates as additional food, sucking out the last juices from them.
The first 3 years of growth, Luxor is transplanted annually. An exotic culture develops roots quickly, so the tree pots become small.
Transplant containers are selected twice as large as the previous one. For transplanting young trees, the soil is completely changed. And in large palms, once every 3-4 years, only the top layer of the soil is replaced.
Important! The transplant is carried out carefully, avoiding damage to the roots of the plant. Luxor finds it difficult to tolerate the transplant procedure and often gets sick after moving to a new place of residence.
For the Canary date, the only way of reproduction, seed, is admissible. For this, bones from dates that are not heat-treated are used.
The home-grown Canary date palm is not susceptible to multiple infections of fungal and viral diseases. Also, the plant is rarely affected by pests. But if, the appearance of the tree has changed dramatically, and the leaves turn yellow or darken, then it's time to take urgent measures to save the exotic plant.
In case of violations of the rules of care and low air humidity, pests appear on the trees. To avoid infection, the trees are carefully inspected, and if uninvited guests are found, the palm leaves are washed with running water and treated with professional preparations.
If a few leaves on a palm have turned yellow, this is the first sign that they are dying. For a plant, this condition is considered the norm. But when most of the leaf plates turn yellow, this means that the tree does not have enough sunlight and moisture.
The dark, dry tips of the foliage warn of a lack of moisture in the air. In this case, the palm tree and the room are sprayed with water. Large dark spots on sheet plates can appear due to excess moisture, or too low room temperature.
The tree stops growing for various reasons.
At temperatures below + 15-17 degrees, the rhizomes of the tree stop growing, which negatively affects the development of the Canary date palm.
For 8 thousand years date palms cultivated by humanity.
The genus includes 17 species. In turn, each species is represented by both male and female plants.
Date palms are found in Africa and the Middle East, as well as in India and the Philippines.
Date palms grow in areas that are rich in groundwater.
The dates we buy in stores are fruits date finger (Phoenix dactylifera). Finger dates have long been cultivated by people in the open air. This date palm is also figuratively called “Bedouin's bread”.
Finger dates can be grown indoors, but still more often other species of this genus are grown in homes and offices.
A popular type of palm tree is date canary(Phoenix canariensis). From the name it is clear that the birthplace of this date palm is the Canary Islands. In a young Canary date, the trunk is almost not pronounced. In nature, the height of the Canary date reaches 10-15 meters. Date fruit - a fast-growing palm tree that has a columnar trunk and numerous feathery leaves ranging in length from 3 to 5 meters.
The Canary date at home can grow up to 2.5-3 meters in height. To limit the growth of this palm tree too fast, it should be replanted only when the roots will no longer fit in the pot and begin to crawl out.
At home, the date palm does not bloom.
In addition to the Canary date in the rooms and halls, they also grow Robelen's date(Phoenix robelinii). It is a low date palm tree. This houseplant has one or more trunks with beautifully curved feathery leaves reaching a length of 50 cm.
Another well-known "domestic" species is Date of Theophrastus(Phoeni [theophrastii). This species is common in Crete.
The temperature for growing dates should be between 12-28 ° C. On hot summer days, it is recommended to ventilate the room containing date palm... Temperatures can be high in summer. In winter, it is desirable that the temperature fluctuates between 12-16 ° C.
The lighting is bright and sunny. The date palm needs a lot of light and perfectly tolerates direct sunlight. It is best to place the date palm tub by the south or southeast window. In order for the crown to develop evenly, the houseplant is turned in different directions to the light.
Watering the date palm should be regular. In spring and summer, dates are watered abundantly, but avoiding excess water in the pot. In winter, the plant is watered moderately. During this period, the soil in the tub should be slightly damp. In addition, it is useful to spray the leaves of the date palm with warm soft settled water; in winter, the date palm is also sprayed, but less often.
The soil for the date palm is neutral or slightly acidic. You can take a mixture of turf, humus, peat and sand in a ratio of 2: 2: 2: 1. You can use prepared soil specifically made for palm trees. The topsoil should be replaced with fresh soil annually.
Dates are fed once or twice a month in spring and summer. In autumn and winter, feeding the date palm can be omitted.
The date palm should be transplanted as rarely as possible, since the plant does not tolerate transplanting well. It is recommended to transplant a palm tree no more than once every 4 years, but even then only if the pot has become obviously small for a houseplant. For overgrown date palms, you can use a heavier soil, that is, with most of the sod land.
Reproduction of the date. Date palm (date) can grow from seed... A date bone is soaked for 2-3 days in water with a temperature of 30-35 degrees. After that, the bone is planted in a pot of earth. Date seeds germinate rather quickly.
Date palm does not bloom at home.
When date palm leaves go down- this is evidence of insufficient watering. It is necessary to increase the intensity of watering. In addition, drooping leaves can be tied up.
Date palm leaf tips are dry- evidence of too dry indoor air. In this case, it is necessary to increase the intensity of spraying the palm, and in the summer to ventilate the room more often. The dry tips of the date palm are pruned in the spring.
Excess moisture in the soil or damage to the roots leads to the fact that young leaves of the date palm open ahead of time... In this case, you can try replanting the palm tree by cutting off the rotten roots. You also need to provide good drainage.
If date palm leaves darken and wither- this is a sign that the room temperature is too low. It is necessary to increase the temperature in the room containing the date palm.
Lack of nutrition leads to slowdown in the growth of the date palm... To accelerate growth, you need to carry out additional feeding.
Typical date palm pests are scale insects, spider mites, mealybugs.
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The date palm grows in South Asian countries, sometimes found in Africa. In our latitudes, they learned to cultivate it even indoors, despite the fact that it requires arid and rocky places. The plant is not only very decorative, but also valuable. For the natives, dates are a real complete food, and only we perceive them as a delicacy.
Caring for Canarian dates at home
If properly maintained, a palm tree can grow up to 3-4 meters in height in a room. But, unfortunately, the plant will not bear fruit even with specialized home care. Ovaries are formed only on large specimens that grow to at least 10 meters. But the fruits are not the main thing, the plant is very decorative and will adorn any room.
The Canary date is very stable and life-loving. The main requirement for its content is to choose a well-lit place in the sun. Therefore, it is better to choose south or southeast windows in the house. At the same time, from the hot midday sun, it is still worth slightly shading the leaves in order to prevent them from burning. The pot in which the date palm grows can and should be constantly unrolled for the even development of all the leaves. In winter, when daylight hours are reduced, the plant will need additional illumination from a fluorescent lamp.
The temperature regime, comfortable for the date, is not lower than +15 and not higher than 36 degrees. Sharp changes should not be allowed. If the conditions of detention change, as well as during transportation of the plant, it may die. More resistant are only those specimens that already have a thick formed trunk.
In the natural environment, the palm tree draws moisture with its long and powerful roots. At home, the Canary date is deprived of this ... Therefore, with room maintenance, a palm tree needs regular and abundant watering. You need to focus on the top layer of the soil, as soon as it dries up, immediately moisten it. Stagnation of water in the pan is contraindicated for this plant, it cannot be poured there. For watering, use only settled water, at room temperature, otherwise the leaves will begin to become covered with brown spots.
Spraying is also an important step in keeping Canarian dates. Indoors usually have enough dry air, especially during the heating season. Lack of moisture can be seen by the yellowed tips on the leaf plates. In addition, it is helpful to wipe the twigs with a damp cloth or water from the shower, covering the soil surface with a film.
Fertilization
The palm tree prefers feeding in the form of mineral compounds, organic fertilizers. For young plants, a minimum dosage is needed and feeding no more than once a month. Usually, the doses are indicated on the fertilizer package, which you can buy in a specialty store. Adult specimens need feeding twice a month in summer and spring, and in autumn the dormant period begins and the growing season ends.
The main problems that can be encountered when growing Canary dates are:
A whitish shade of leaf plates - indicates a mite infestation, stagnant air in rooms, and insufficiently bright lighting. The plant must be rinsed under a warm shower, treated with acaricidal preparations to destroy pests and rearranged to a brighter place.
Yellowing of still unopened leaves - you can notice how silvery scales appear on the lower surface. The leaves appear dry and lifeless. This indicates a lack of watering. Due to the drying out of the roots, the plant begins to wilt from its youngest parts, and then more mature leaves turn yellow. The palm tree may die completely.
Brown spots on foliage - indicate excessive watering. It is necessary to reduce moisture, and place the plant closer to the light.
White spots on the plant are an indicator that the palm has received frostbite. This happens during transportation during cold seasons or when cold steam comes in from the room humidifier. The pot should not be placed next to such appliances.
Growing canary dates from seeds
Date seeds can lose their germination very quickly and cannot be stored. For planting, you need a peat tablet or light soil with the addition of peat and sand. First, the seeds must be soaked in warm water for a couple of days, changing the water daily. Then place them in peat, wrap them in a plastic bag and put them on the windowsill near the battery (you need heat about 35 degrees).
Unfolding polyethylene every day, you need to control that the substrate is very wet (you can squeeze out "a couple of drops of water").
The second way - all the seeds can be planted at once in large quantities in a spacious container and placed in the greenhouse. Then, when the shoots sprout, you can select the strongest and carefully transplant them into separate containers.
With the right action, the seeds will sprout in 2-3 weeks, in rare cases it will take up to 12 weeks. It is worth stocking up on patience, because the resulting plant will indeed delight you with grace and decorate any room.
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To grow Canarian dates at home, you need to know a few rules for caring for it.
Loves sunlight. The plant needs direct sunlight throughout the year. It is recommended to place the palm tree in close proximity to a south-facing window. In the summertime, it can be transferred to fresh air (to the balcony, to the garden).
In autumn and winter, it is necessary to illuminate the palm tree with special phytolamps, while the daylight hours should be at least 10 hours.
To make the crown beautiful, you need to regularly rotate the pot a little around its axis relative to the light source.
During intensive growth, it is recommended to keep the plant at a temperature of 22 to 25 degrees. The plant will feel quite comfortable at a higher temperature, but if there is low air humidity, then the tips of the leaves will begin to dry. In winter, it is recommended to move the palm to a cooler place between 16 and 18 degrees.
Such a date needs a regular supply of fresh air. It reacts favorably to a light breeze, therefore it is recommended to create a not very large draft in the room where the Canary date is located. However, in winter you need to be careful that there are no sudden temperature changes in the room during airing.
During the period of active growth, watering should be abundant, while it is done after the top layer of the substrate dries slightly. Overflow for the date is undesirable. If the liquid stagnates in the soil, then the young leaves will turn pale and become soft. The plant also reacts negatively to dry soil. If watering is poor, the leaves will begin to droop and their position will not recover over time.
For irrigation, use soft settled water, which contains a small amount of potassium.
In winter, they water a little less.
Requires high humidity (approximately 50 percent). In this regard, the plant needs systematic spraying, especially during warm wintering, when the air in the room is dried by heating devices. It is recommended to place a small fountain or aquarium in the immediate vicinity of the palm tree.
For planting, a ready-made earthen mixture for palm trees, which is sold in a flower shop, is suitable, but experts recommend adding a small amount of large baking powder to it. To prepare the soil mixture with your own hands, you need to combine humus, sod and compost soil, as well as coarse sand, which should be taken in equal proportions.
Remember to make a thick drainage layer at the bottom of the container. For this, you can use expanded clay.
During the period of intensive growth, feeding is carried out 1 time in 2 weeks, and in winter - 1 time in 4 weeks. For this, liquid complex mineral fertilizer is alternated with organic one.
Young plants are transplanted once a year, and adult specimens are transplanted a little less often - once every 3 or 4 years. If the plant is of impressive size, then it is recommended to replace the topsoil with a new one once a year.
During transplantation, it must be borne in mind that the older the plant, the heavier the soil it needs. To make the soil heavier, clay-sod land is used.
You can propagate it indoors with fresh seeds. If you have a date that has not been cooked, then its extracted bone is also suitable for planting.
Seedlings appear 2-3 months after sowing. Seedlings are distinguished by their very slow growth, so the first complex-pinnate leaves will grow only at 4 or even 5 years of life.
Spider mites, scale insects or mealybugs can settle on the plant. If pests are found, they must be treated with an appropriate chemical agent.
A date can get sick due to improper care:
In the event that you decide to buy such a date in the store, then do not do it in the winter. The fact is that due to a sharp change in temperature (when the plant is transferred to the street, and then again to the room), all the leaves can die off.
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Among all types of palms, the date is the most hardy and resistant, it is easy to grow it from the seeds of ordinary dates.
For a lush houseplant, don't try to plant it in a large pot right away. In this case, your palm will grow very quickly, the leaves will become long and bald. It is better to plant the date in a pot that is slightly larger in size and height, adding nutritious soil. A transplant for an adult palm tree is enough to do every few years.
In general, the leaves grow slowly, only 2-3 leaves a year, so it is important to keep the existing leaves beautiful and healthy. To form a beautiful crown, the palm is occasionally turned towards the light source.
The peculiarities of caring for a date tree are determined by the conditions of their growth. Loves water, sun and moisture. Keep in well-lit places, shading only on hot days. When watering, do not allow water to stagnate at the roots, therefore good drainage is required. If the tips of the leaves begin to turn yellow, then the air is dry and the plant needs to be sprayed. They are fed every 2-3 weeks with liquid fertilizer for palms. In winter, no top dressing is carried out.
Summer temperature range is 20-25 ° C. In winter, you can create a cooler climate in your home by lowering it to 16-18 ° C. It should be protected from drafts - he really does not like them. Protect the root system from overheating on hot days.
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Do you want to have a real living palm tree at home? Then hurry up to buy a beautiful plant with a fully formed crown and varying degrees of growth - the Canary Date. It belongs to the arecaceae family and has a short columnar trunk, as well as bluish-green carved leaves that make this palm light and airy. Her flowers are collected in large inflorescences, the male inflorescences are creamy, and the female ones are orange-yellow, the latter can reach up to 2 meters. Its fruits are small, orange in color and oval in shape.
Little advice... If you have decided to purchase this plant, then do not do it in the winter. With a sharp change in climate (when the date is transferred from the store to the street, then to the house), the plant may lose all its leaves.
A cheerful atmosphere, coziness and harmony always reigns in the premises where the Phenicum Canary is located. This type of palm, like Date Robelena OK cleans the air from toxins and dust, moisturizes it and creates a comfortable microclimate. This has a positive effect on the well-being and mood of office workers or residents. By the way, Phenicia Canary gets along well in any conditions. The main thing that he needs is a bright room and regular watering.
If you decide to buy the Canary Date, think about where to place it... The plant is quite large and very beautiful. It will look spectacular in bright and spacious living rooms, in offices, conference rooms or halls. In general, the Canary Date is suitable even for balconies and loggias. In order for the crown of the date to develop evenly, sometimes rotate it. He easily takes temperature from 10 to 18 degrees, and also grows well in indoor conditions. To water the palm tree follows immediately after the top layer of the soil dries. Ideally, she needs humid air and a temperature of 20 - 25 degrees.
To facilitate maintenance and grow a beautiful and healthy plant, you can buy pots with automatic watering ... The Canary date in combination with the flowerpot will always be in the center of everyone's attention and will make any room harmonious and comfortable. An adult palm tree reaches a height of 140 cm, so it is better to place it on the floor closer to the wall or in the corner of the room. In offices or shopping centers, palm trees are very often installed in recreation areas, near fountains or benches.
The Canary date palm can be affected by the scale insect, the scale insect and the spider mite. If pests are found, I will fight the plant with appropriate chemicals.
Leaves may turn yellow in Canary date if water is insufficient.
Spots have appeared on the leaves - most likely you have waterlogged the soil or there has been a sharp temperature drop.
The tips of the leaves can dry out in dry air.
If your pet has darkened leaves, there are signs of rot - constant stagnation of water in the pot.
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Indoors, only young specimens that have not yet begun to form a trunk can be grown. This is a fairly stable type of palm trees at home; it can be recommended for landscaping public places and offices. But the plant has rather large and sharp spines at the bottom of the leaves, which can injure children or pets.
Under ideal conditions, the first feathery leaf may appear in seedlings in a year, after 5 years, fully adult leaves are formed in the plant, and a trunk begins to form. It can grow up to 30 cm per year, although at home, especially in young specimens, the growth rate is much lower.
Illumination. It is advisable to place the Canary date on windows with a south orientation (southeast, south or southwest), although it can be put up with less lit rooms. With an abundance of light, the growth rate will be higher. For the summer, it is recommended to take the plant out into the garden, gradually accustoming it to the open sun. The date is resistant to wind and precipitation, perfectly tolerates bright sunlight and fresh air. In winter, when the illumination drops sharply, it is advisable to arrange a cool winter for the plant. If it is not possible to lower the temperature, it is advisable to provide the plant with additional artificial light.
Temperature conditions. The Canary date tolerates high temperatures well, but the optimal summer temperature is + 20 + 25 o C indoors and up to +28 o C outdoors. On hot days at home, it is important to provide the plant with good ventilation. The optimum temperature in winter for a date is + 8 + 14 ° C, as a native of the subtropics, it should rest in winter, although it will also endure room conditions.
Air quality. It is important for the Canary date to be in a well-ventilated area all year round; stagnant air is very harmful for it. Natural adaptations allow him to put up with dry indoor air, but it is desirable to increase the humidity; in very dry air, the tips of the leaves can dry out. It is useful to spray the leaves with boiled water, especially on hot days. When kept cool in winter, spraying should be abandoned. The plant is not afraid of warm drafts in summer; in winter it is important to protect it from the direct blow of frosty air.
Watering plentiful in summer, after the top layer of the soil dries out, preventing prolonged stagnation of water in the sump. In winter, with a cool content, watering is reduced, the soil is allowed to dry out to the middle of the pot, preventing the root ball from completely drying out. Water the dates with soft water at room temperature. When watering with cold or hard water, brown spots can form on the leaves.
Soil and transplant. For growing this plant, ready-made soil for palm trees or a universal substrate is suitable. As you grow, you can gradually increase the proportion of sod land during transplants. The palm is transplanted only if necessary, when the roots tightly braid the entire lump, and only by careful transfer into a slightly larger pot. Young plants usually need to be transplanted every 1-2 years, older plants are transplanted every 3-5 years, in large-sized plants they are limited to periodic replacement of the top layer of soil with a fresh one. Deep pots are preferred.
Top dressing should only be applied during the growing season, from spring to autumn. It is useful to carry out foliar feeding for dates. Use complex fertilizers with micronutrients for palms. In winter, when the plant is immersed in a dormant period, feeding should not be carried out.
Reproduction occurs only by seeds. The technology of growing from seeds of the Canary date is the same as for the common date, see How to grow a date palm from a stone.
Pests and diseases... The date can be affected by scale insects and mealybugs. Too dry air and lack of good ventilation is easily affected by a tick. How to identify pests and control them, read in the article Pests of indoor plants and measures to combat them .
The Canarian date plant was spread by man. And the homeland, as the name implies, is the Canary Islands. In nature, this is a huge palm tree, reaching 20 meters in height and almost a meter in diameter.
The trunk is powerful, upright, with large growths from hemp. The leaves are huge (up to 4 meters) and one such plate contains up to 100 pinnate leaves. All leaves are concentrated only closer to the top. At home, the leaves are located throughout the trunk.
The date flowers have male and female flowers, differing in the color of the petals. Male flowers have creamy petals, female flowers have a yellow-orange petal.
All flowers are collected in a voluminous inflorescence that resembles a tassel. One seed is formed in the fruit, it is large. The fruit itself is oval, deep orange in color.
At home, the date grows in one year only by 30-35 centimeters. The plant does not flower or bear fruit when grown at home. Growing this handsome man is not difficult, the main thing is to know what he needs for normal growth.
A lover of solar lighting. The sun's rays are essential for growth. Therefore, it is recommended to place it close to windows facing south. With the onset of warmth, the date is taken out to the balcony or loggia. If you live in a private home, take it out into the garden.
But with a decrease in daylight hours, the date needs additional lighting, and you need to take care of it. Rotate the palm from time to time in different directions, so its crown will be symmetrical.
When the plant grows intensively, then you need to maintain a high temperature: from 20 to 25 degrees. A higher temperature is also allowed, this will not harm the plant. The main thing is that at this moment there is high humidity in the room, otherwise the leaves may suffer.
In late autumn and winter, dates are kept at low temperatures, from 15 to 17 degrees.
The plant really needs fresh air. Even a small draft is useful to him. And in winter, ventilate the room with care so that a sharp drop in heat and cold does not form.
The Canary date at home requires abundant watering. But, you should water it only when you see that the top soil is a little dry. The plant cannot be poured. Roots and young leaves will also suffer from an excess of water.
If you observe that the leaves are drooping, then the plant does not have enough moisture. You need to pay attention to watering: with a deficiency and excess, the leaves often no longer recover. They have to be removed.
Pour with settled water without chlorine and room temperature.
Marina Kaustyan
Mom and housewife. Knows all the secrets of indoor plants and loves to tell them to others
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The date palm prefers bright but diffused light. The best place for a date will be south, east or west windows.
On hot summer days, it is important to ensure that the plant is not exposed to direct sunlight, as this can burn the leaves.
A large palm tree that does not fit on the windowsill is best placed on the floor in a well-lit room, near the window. The date can tolerate partial shade, but in this case its growth slows down.
In order for the crown of the plant to be beautiful and symmetrical, it is recommended to periodically rotate the palm tree around its axis.
During a warm period, when the night temperature outside does not drop below 12 degrees, the date palm can be taken out onto the balcony, veranda or garden. It is better to put it in partial shade.
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In spring and summer, the optimum temperature for a date palm is 20-25 degrees. Higher temperatures are acceptable when the room humidity is high. In winter, it is recommended to lower the temperature of the content to 15-18 degrees. However, it is best not to allow a drop below 14 degrees.
It is important to keep the roots of the plant warm.
The Canary date is the most cold-resistant. It can winter at a temperature of 8-10 degrees, and an adult plant can tolerate short-term drops in temperature up to 5 degrees.
Date Robelena loves warmth more. For him, even in winter, the temperature should not drop below 16 degrees.
Date palm root system is very sensitive to cold... Therefore, the pot should be kept warm, especially during the winter. It is not recommended to place it on a cold windowsill or marble floor.
In the warm season, when the average daily temperature rises above 12 degrees, the plant can be taken out into the open air. The date will be comfortable on a balcony, loggia or in a garden protected by trees. It is important to choose a place without drafts and scorching sun.
In the spring-summer period, the date palm needs abundant watering 2-3 times a week. At the same time, it is important to avoid both stagnant water and drying out of the soil.
Stagnant water is fraught with the appearance of brown spots on the leaves and rotting of the root system.
Drying out of the soil in the plant provokes wilting and yellowing of the leaves... In winter, watering is reduced to 1 time in 7-14 days, depending on the humidity of the air: the higher the humidity, the less often watering.
Before watering the date palm at home, you need to prepare the water.
It is better to use rainwater or thawed water. As a last resort, a water supply system that has stood for several days is suitable. The water temperature for irrigation should be around 20 degrees.
When spraying a date palm, it is important to cover the soil in the pot with plastic so that excess water does not fall on the ground.
Since the date palm is a visitor from the tropics, it is necessary to maintain sufficient humidity in the environment for it to grow well. Regular spraying will help with this.
Washing the leaves will prevent dry leaf tips and some pests, and will also cleanse the plant of dust. To give the plant a more well-groomed, beautiful appearance, sometimes it is recommended to wipe the leaves with a damp cloth or sponge.
The soil for the date palm should be good for air and moisture, be loose and soft. It is very important to put a good drainage layer on the bottom of the pot. This will protect the plant from stagnant water.
You can buy ready-made substrate for palm trees in the store... Another way is to prepare the mixture yourself. In this case, you can choose one of the options:
You can also add a little ash or chopped charcoal to the mixture.
From April to September, the date palm should be fed once every 2 weeks, in winter - once a month, or even stop feeding altogether. For this purpose, special fertilizers for palm trees or complex fertilizers for ornamental deciduous plants are suitable.
With a lack of nutrients in the soil, the decorative qualities of the date palm are reduced, it begins to grow more slowly. Timely feeding will help to correct the situation.
It is important to apply fertilizers only diluted and into wet soil (after watering)... Otherwise, there is a risk of burning the roots of the flower.
For a date palm, the air humidity should be at least 40%. In winter, the plant should be placed away from heating appliances.
Periodically, date leaves should be wiped with a damp cloth- this will both prevent the appearance of pests, and add decorative effect. To increase the humidity of the air, containers with water can be placed near the plant.
Due to too dry air at the date palm, the tips of the leaves begin to dry out.
In winter, you can increase the humidity of the environment by placing a damp cloth on the battery. You can also put a pot with a palm tree in a tray filled with wet pebbles, sphagnum moss, expanded clay. It is important that the bottom does not touch the water. Otherwise, there is a high probability of decay of the root system.
If possible, it would be great to use a humidifier.
Consider how to care for a date palm during illness.
Of the pests, thrips, mealybugs, scale insects, spider mites can hit the date palm. To combat them, you can use several methods:
Also, the palm tree can be affected by pink rot or brown spot.... Prevention of these diseases is the observance of the rules of plant care. For treatment, a fungicide should be used, for example, Topaz or Fitosporin.
Yellowed leaves of the plant may indicate the presence of a spider mite. Brown plaques appear on the leaves - it means that an infection with a scabbard has occurred. The leaves turn brown inside, and outside they become whitish - evidence of defeat by thrips. The withering of the crown and the rapid drying of the leaves may be the result of the appearance of a mealybug.
Sometimes the date palm loses its decorative properties and healthy appearance due to improper care.
The main mistakes in caring for a date palm are waterlogging of the soil or, on the contrary, insufficient watering, low environmental humidity, and the presence of drafts. By avoiding these mistakes and with a little effort to provide the plant with a comfortable environment, you can grow a beautiful and healthy palm!
The date palm does not tolerate transplanting well. Therefore, a date palm transplant at home is carried out as needed - when the roots are clearly visible in the drainage holes.
The optimal time for transplanting a date palm is March-April... Young plants (up to four years of age) are usually replanted annually. Adults - every 3-4 years. The older and larger the plant, the more difficult it is to replant. For such specimens, the topsoil is changed every six months.
Palm transplant is carried out by transshipment method... The procedure is carried out very carefully, since the plant has fragile roots.
If they are damaged, the date may die. Therefore, it is recommended to break the old pot rather than pulling the plant out of it.
Before you can transplant a date palm at home, you need to find the right pot.
For a transplant, a deep, tapering pot 3-5 cm larger in diameter than the previous one is required.
When transplanting, it is important to put a good layer of drainage from expanded clay, broken brick, clay shards or pieces of foam plastic at the bottom of the new pot. Then the plant, very carefully, so as not to damage the roots, is rolled into a new pot, and the voids are filled with new soil and lightly compacted.
The transplant should be carried out only when necessary, that is, when the roots begin to "climb" out of the drainage holes. This is due to the fact that the root system of the date is very fragile, after transplanting it adapts for a long time, and if the roots are damaged, it may even die.
In indoor conditions, the date palm reproduces only by seeds or, in other words, by seeds. To do this, you need to buy fresh, undried dates, eat delicious dried fruits, and prepare the seeds for planting.
Selection and preparation of seeds for planting. To grow a date palm at home, you can buy seeds from a flower shop or buy ordinary store dates that have not been heat-treated and use the seeds from them. In the latter case, it is important that the sowing material is healthy, not damaged by insects or mold, and not dry. Otherwise, germination is greatly reduced.
It is recommended to prepare several seeds (5-10), since there is a high probability that not all of them will germinate, and some may die even as seedlings.
To speed up the germination process, it is important to prepare the seeds for planting. To do this, they must be cleaned of pulp, and then put in a container with warm water (40 degrees) for 2-3 days.
This procedure will help remove any remaining pulp, which will prevent the seeds from becoming moldy in the ground after planting. It is recommended to change the water every day. The seeds suitable for planting are lowered to the bottom of the container. After the specified time has elapsed, they are removed from the container and washed under running water.
Then, to speed up germination, it is recommended to slightly break the hard outer shell. To do this, you can rub the bone against sandpaper or gently scratch it with a sharp object. However, this should be done carefully so as not to damage the kernel.
Planting seeds... For the successful cultivation of date palm from stone, it is necessary to prepare a soil mixture consisting of equal parts of peat, sand and raw sawdust. The seeds are planted vertically, sprinkled with a 1-2 cm layer of soil.
To create the effect of a greenhouse, the container is covered with glass or plastic. The container is placed in a warm place (optimally 25-30 degrees). For this, the container can be placed, for example, near a warm pipe or battery. Before the emergence of seedlings, the level of illumination does not play a role.
The soil should be watered regularly to keep it moist, but not wet. Constant air humidity is the key to successful seed germination. To achieve this, a small layer of sphagnum moss can be placed on the soil surface. Also, the greenhouse should be regularly ventilated.
The emergence of seedlings will have to wait a bit. From the seeds of fresh fruits, sprouts appear within 1-2 months, from dry ones - even up to 6 months. If after six months the seedlings have not appeared, you should carefully check the condition of the bone, whether it has disappeared.
Seedling care... After the sprouts appear from the soil, the container must be rearranged to a well-lit, but without scorching sun rays, place. It is important to moisturize young specimens regularly, but moderately, and also spray with warm water.
When the sprouts reach a height of 10-14 cm, they can be planted in separate pots, up to 15 cm in diameter. You can also add some chopped charcoal. It is important to lay a 2–3 cm drainage layer on the bottom of the pot.
In the first years of life, the date palm will not delight you with special attractiveness. The first feathery leaves appear at 3-5 years of age.
The point of growth of the plant is the top of the trunk, so formative pruning should not be carried out.
In order for the crown to be symmetrical, from time to time young specimens should be rotated around the axis.
The date palm is a member of the Arekov family. Its homeland is considered to be the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa and the Canary Islands.
Representatives of the genus are mainly trees, less often shrubs. Some of them are relatively short, others are tall and spreading. Under natural conditions, a date palm can reach a height of 25-30 meters, but in a room its growth will not exceed 2-2.5 meters. At home, she needs a spacious room, since the diameter of the spreading leaves reaches 2 meters.
A distinctive feature of the date palm is its pinnately dissected leaves. Each plant, as a rule, has one trunk, at the end of which there is a spreading crown. The leaves are long, tough, dark green in color. The petioles are short, have thorns at the base.
The plant is dioecious, that is, it has females and males. It blooms with small yellow flowers, collected in paniculate inflorescences. In some species, the fruits - dates - are edible and are highly valued for their taste and nutritional qualities. At home, the palm tree does not bloom or bear fruit.
About 17 species of date palm are known in nature.... However, only 3 of them are grown in indoor floriculture:
Photo of a date in the process of care at home and in the natural environment:
Canary date Canary date palm (Phoenix canariensis) is also called. This plant belongs to the genus date and to the palm family (Palmaceae). In nature, they can be found in the rocky regions of the Canary Islands.
This palm is quite large. So, in height, it can reach 18 meters, while the width of its trunk will be equal to 1 meter. The unbranched straight trunk is quite strong. On its surface there are many stumps, which are the remnants of dead and fallen leaves. The leaves are found only at the top of the palm tree, and there are from 150 to 200 pieces. Short-petiolate leaves can be 4 to 6 meters long. Greenish-gray compound-pinnate leaves consist of tough narrow leaves, of which there are from 80 to 100 pieces.
The flowers are divided into female (yellow-orange) and male (cream). They are collected in rather large branched axillary inflorescences, while female inflorescences can reach 200 centimeters in length. Small (about 2 centimeters long), oval-shaped fruits are colored orange. Each fruit contains one large seed.
To grow Canarian dates at home, you need to know a few rules for caring for it.
Loves sunlight. The plant needs direct sunlight throughout the year. It is recommended to place the palm tree in close proximity to a south-facing window. In the summertime, it can be transferred to fresh air (to the balcony, to the garden).
In autumn and winter, it is necessary to illuminate the palm tree with special phytolamps, while the daylight hours should be at least 10 hours.
To make the crown beautiful, you need to regularly rotate the pot a little around its axis relative to the light source.
During intensive growth, it is recommended to keep the plant at a temperature of 22 to 25 degrees. The plant will feel quite comfortable at a higher temperature, but if there is low air humidity, then the tips of the leaves will begin to dry. In winter, it is recommended to move the palm to a cooler place between 16 and 18 degrees.
Such a date needs a regular supply of fresh air. It reacts favorably to a light breeze, therefore it is recommended to create a not very large draft in the room where the Canary date is located. However, in winter you need to be careful that there are no sudden temperature changes in the room during airing.
During the period of active growth, watering should be abundant, while it is done after the top layer of the substrate dries slightly. Overflow for the date is undesirable. If the liquid stagnates in the soil, then the young leaves will turn pale and become soft. The plant also reacts negatively to dry soil. If watering is poor, the leaves will begin to droop and their position will not recover over time.
For irrigation, use soft settled water, which contains a small amount of potassium.
In winter, they water a little less.
Requires high humidity (approximately 50 percent). In this regard, the plant needs systematic spraying, especially during warm wintering, when the air in the room is dried by heating devices. It is recommended to place a small fountain or aquarium in the immediate vicinity of the palm tree.
For planting, a ready-made earthen mixture for palm trees, which is sold in a flower shop, is suitable, but experts recommend adding a small amount of large baking powder to it. To prepare the soil mixture with your own hands, you need to combine humus, sod and compost soil, as well as coarse sand, which should be taken in equal proportions.
Remember to make a thick drainage layer at the bottom of the container. For this, you can use expanded clay.
During the period of intensive growth, feeding is carried out 1 time in 2 weeks, and in winter - 1 time in 4 weeks. For this, liquid complex mineral fertilizer is alternated with organic one.
Young plants are transplanted once a year, and adult specimens are transplanted a little less often - once every 3 or 4 years. If the plant is of impressive size, then it is recommended to replace the topsoil with a new one once a year.
During transplantation, it must be borne in mind that the older the plant, the heavier the soil it needs. To make the soil heavier, clay-sod land is used.
You can propagate it indoors with fresh seeds. If you have a date that has not been cooked, then its extracted bone is also suitable for planting.
Seedlings appear 2-3 months after sowing. Seedlings are distinguished by their very slow growth, so the first complex-pinnate leaves will grow only at 4 or even 5 years of life.
Spider mites, scale insects or mealybugs can settle on the plant. If pests are found, they must be treated with an appropriate chemical agent.
A date can get sick due to improper care:
In the event that you decide to buy such a date in the store, then do not do it in the winter. The fact is that due to a sharp change in temperature (when the plant is transferred to the street, and then again to the room), all the leaves can die off.
Today, palm cultivation can be done at home, and if such a desire arises, you should pay attention to the benefits of the Canary date. The plant creates a cheerful atmosphere and coziness in the room, it cleans the air from dust and impurities, creating a comfortable microclimate in the house. Before planting a palm tree, you should learn about the features of its cultivation.
The Canary date belongs to the Arekov family. The palm tree has a short columnar trunk and gray-green leaves, due to which the plant is characterized by lightness and airiness. It forms female and male inflorescences, the former are creamy, the latter are orange-yellow in color. In nature, the tree is capable of reaching a height of 20 m and forming a trunk up to 1 m. Fruits are small, oval and orange in color.
The advantage of the Canary date is considered unpretentiousness, for good growth it is important for it to provide a bright room and regular watering. Some of the advantages of a palm tree include:
The plant is capable of reaching large sizes, so you should think in advance about the future location of its placement. At home, a palm tree can grow up to 1.4 m, so it is better to place it near a wall where there is not a large degree of activity of people and animals.
Today, there are several types of Canarian dates on the horticultural market, differing in appearance and growth properties. One of the most popular is Luxor, which is grown from seed. A young plant grows as a bush, and in the future is able to form a trunk.
The variety is intended for landscaping offices and planting at home, a palm tree can grow up to 2 m.
Many plant lovers have experience growing dates from seed. The correct choice of soil, pre-sowing processing of the material, adherence to growing conditions is of great importance. Growing a date from a stone is a lengthy process that takes an average of 3 months.
The seed for planting is taken only from those fruits that have not been heat treated. For these purposes, withered or dried dates are suitable. Planting several seeds at the same time will help to increase the chances of getting seedlings.
Before planting, it is important to properly prepare the bone, for which its surface is thoroughly cleaned of pulp. Poor removal will lead to mold growth and adversely affect the germination of the shoot. Next, the bone is placed in cold water for 48 hours, periodically it is required to change the liquid to a new one. After 2 days, a repeated cleaning procedure from pulp residues is carried out.
Experienced gardeners advise you to resort to some tricks that speed up the emergence of sprouts. The most popular ones include:
Properly selected soil and irrigation regime will help ensure the quality of seed germination.
For successful germination of sprouts and further growth, it is required to provide the date with light and loose soil. The palm tree has a weak and fragile root system, so heavy soil is not suitable for these purposes. A simpler option is to purchase a substrate for date varieties in a specialized store, but you can independently prepare the earth from sawdust, humus, peat and sand.
For planting, take a container of a small volume, it is enough to choose 0.3-0.5 liters. A shallow pit is formed in the ground, into which a bone is placed vertically and carefully sprinkled with earth. Next, the planting site is moistened and the container is removed to a warm place for germination. A drainage hole must be provided to remove excess moisture.
A lot of time can pass from the moment of planting to the appearance of a sprout, so do not worry, but you should periodically water the ground as the soil dries up. At first, a simple leaf will appear, later an arrow will form from 2-3 plates.
You can grow a Canary date at home, observing certain growing rules. Experts advise choosing seeds for these purposes, since the chances of getting seedlings are much greater. For good growth it is necessary to provide the plant with proper care.
It is recommended to place the Canary date on the south side, if there is insufficient light, the plant will slow down its development. In the summer, it is permissible to take the palm tree out into the open air, to the territory of the personal plot, gradually accustoming it to the sun. The plant tolerates gusts of wind and precipitation well, is not afraid of direct sunlight and precipitation.
In winter, the illumination decreases, which can negatively affect the condition of the palm tree. To exclude such a situation, it is required to lower the temperature and, if possible, organize artificial lighting.
The Canary date is able to grow at high temperatures, but the optimal growing conditions for it are considered to be the indoor regime + 20 ... + 25 C. To transfer the winter period to a tropical plant will help to reduce the indicator to + 8 ... + 14 C.
Providing periodic ventilation is one of the important conditions for growing Canarian dates. Stagnant and stale air will adversely affect plant growth. Sudden changes in temperature should not be allowed, therefore, in offices, you should not place a palm tree near doorways, when opening which there is a risk of direct blowing of cold air.
Natural qualities allow the palm to carry dry air, but there will be a problem of drying out the tips of the leaf plates. The optimum humidity for the date is 50%; to increase the indicator, a fountain or an aquarium is placed in the premises.
It has a positive effect on the condition of the plant by spraying with boiled water on hot days. Such actions are carried out only in the summer, in winter this should not be done.
In summer, the plant requires abundant watering, but there should be no stagnation of moisture. In winter, moistening is carried out in a smaller volume, controlling the absence of drying out of the soil near the root system. Only warm soft water is used for watering, cold or hard water leads to the appearance of brown spots on the leaves.
Top dressing is carried out during the period of active growth 1 time every 14 days. In winter, the frequency is increased up to 1 time every month. For these purposes, complex mineral and organic fertilizers are used, which alternate sequentially.
As the plants grow, the soil layer is increased in the container. The palm tree should be transplanted only when the root system has densely entwined the entire clod of earth. The following plant transplant rules are observed:
Large-sized producers are provided with the replacement of the top layer of soil. Due to this feature, when transplanting a plant, you should select in advance pots of sufficient capacity for plant growth for several years.
At home, fruiting from a palm tree should not be expected. The flowering of dates is observed only in natural conditions, and the return of the crop is possible only when a growth of 15 m or more is reached.
Canarian dates are propagated only by seeds. For these purposes, only fruits that have not been heat treated are suitable. The palm tree is distinguished by slow growth, complex-pinnate leaves can be expected only in the 4th year.
The appearance of problems with a palm tree can be immediately understood by the appearance of the plant. There are few reasons for plant diseases, all of them are associated with violations of the rules of cultivation or the harmful effects of pests and microorganisms.
The Canary date is susceptible to damage by the scale insect and the mealybug. Excessive dryness in the air increases the risk of ticks. To exclude disease, plants take preventive measures to prevent their appearance. It is enough to periodically inspect the plant. At the first sign of a problem, the leaves are washed with water and treated with targeted chemicals.
Most often used for pest control are "Aktara", "Akarin", "Intra-Vir".
Yellowing of the lower leaves is considered normal in some cases. Over time, old leaf blades die off, and a discoloration is the first sign of the beginning of the process. If the yellowness has covered a significant part of the crown, then with a high degree of probability this is due to insufficient lighting and moisture in the plant.
The appearance of a dark color at the tips of the leaves and their drying out indicates excessive dryness of the air. At the same time, the humidity is increased, and the plant is sprayed with warm water. The appearance of a significant size of dark spots on the leaves can be associated with both waterlogging and excessive watering, in some cases the plant reacts in this way to hypothermia or transportation.
There can be many reasons for the lack of growth of a palm tree. One of them is the temperature regime; insufficiently high temperature can cause a slowdown or stop of plant growth. The horse system stops developing at +16 C, which automatically deprives the shoots of opportunities for further growth.
The problem of inhibition of plant growth may be associated with a lack of trace elements in the soil. One of the most common reasons for palm trees to stop growing is a deficiency of iron and manganese in the soil. An increase in soil acidity values above 7 pH also negatively affects the development of the plant.
The date palm or date (Phoenix) is a genus of plants, according to various sources, from 14 to 17 species, and belongs to the family Palmae (Palm) or Arecaceae (Arekov).
This palm tree is common in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. Translated from Latin, "phoenix" means "palm".
Representatives of the genus are palms with several or one trunk, which can be of different heights with a crown of leaves, sheaths of leaves or remnants of petioles at the top.
Large, curved, pinnate leaves consist of linear-lanceolate rigid leaves with a solid, pointed at the apex edge, evenly spaced or in a bunch. The petioles are short, often covered with strong spines. In the axils of the leaves, paniculate inflorescences are located, consisting of small yellow flowers.
The date is grown both as an ornamental plant and as a fruit crop (palm date). Date fruits are eaten in any form, as well as fed to camels and horses. Some types of juice are used to make wine “tari”.
This palm is also used for medicinal purposes. Since the juice of the plant is an excellent remedy for the treatment of burns, wounds, skin diseases, and compresses based on crushed palm leaves are used for mastopathy.
Small types of date palm, such as Robelena and Canary, are widely distributed as an ornamental houseplant. And the palm date grows very strongly in a short time, so it is better for him to live in winter gardens and greenhouses.
Canary date palm (Phoenix canariensis) is a plant with a straight, strong trunk, which reaches from 12 to 18 meters in height and up to 1 meter in diameter and is covered with the remains of leaves.
The dense crown consists of about 200 feathery, with more than 150 pairs of leaves and leaves up to 6 meters long. The leaves are about 50 centimeters long and up to 3.5 centimeters wide. Their color is bright green.
Relatively short petioles (about 80 centimeters), covered with strong needle-shaped spines that are up to 20 centimeters long. In the axils of the leaves, there are two types of inflorescences - female and male. The first are branched, up to 2 meters long, and the second are much shorter.
Distributed in nature in the rocky and rocky places of the Canary Islands, cultivated as ornamental palms, grown indoors and in greenhouses.
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a plant whose trunk reaches 20 to 30 meters in height and 30 centimeters in diameter. The trunk is covered with the remnants of leaf stalks and has lateral growth at the base.
In the upper part of the trunk there are arcuately curved pinnate leaves up to 6 meters long. Linear-lanceolate leaves, cut in two at the top, are sometimes 20 to 40 centimeters long and are often grouped together.
The thin, long petiole is bluish-green in color. The inflorescence, reaching more than a meter in length, is located in the axils of the leaves and hangs down under the weight of the fruit. The fleshy drupes are oblong-ovoid and 2.5 to 6 centimeters long.
They are used in food, both raw and dried, very sweet and nutritious. The date palm is cultivated in North Africa, southern Iran, Iraq, and on the Arabia Peninsula. It is used for landscaping greenhouses and premises.
Multi-stemmed trees with lateral growth, which gives them the appearance of a dense bush. Trunks can be up to 8m in height and 10-17cm in diameter.
The plumose, curved leaves with drooping apex are about 6 meters long and up to 1 meter wide and consist of more than 100 pairs of leaves. Hard, bright green leaves are covered with whitish hairs that disappear over time, are up to 50 centimeters long and about 2-3 centimeters wide.
The petiole is 1 meter long, covered with single or combined in groups of 2-3 needle-like, thin 3-12 cm spines, which are directed in different directions. Inflorescences located in the axils of the leaves branch strongly and have a length of up to 90 centimeters.
Under natural conditions, it grows in tropical rainforests of subtropical and tropical regions of Africa. Cultivated as an ornamental plant for indoor and greenhouse cultivation.
One of the most compact members of the genus, reaching only 2 meters in height. This is a single-stemmed or multi-stemmed tree, which is covered with the remnants of the base of the leaves.
Arcuate curved leaves about 50-70 centimeters long have numerous soft and narrow leaves, which are very densely placed on a thin rachis. The length of the dark green leaves is from 12 to 20 centimeters. Younger leaves are covered with a powdery powdery bloom and whitish fibers. Axillary inflorescences are weakly branched.
Under natural conditions, this species can be found in the tropical rainforests of India, Laos, Burma. This date is suitable for growing in warm greenhouses and rooms.
Rocky date palm (Phoenix rupicola) is a plant with a straight trunk up to 7 meters high and 20 centimeters in diameter. This species forms suckers and is not covered with leaf debris.
Arcuate curved leaves are 2-3 meters long and consist of densely arranged green, linear, glabrous, slightly sagging leaves up to 40 centimeters long. The short petiole is covered with sharp spines along the edges. Naturally grows on hills and mountains in Sikkim, Assam (India).
A plant that reaches 12 meters in height, with a straight trunk with a diameter of 60 centimeters to 1 meter.
At the top of the trunk are placed bent downward, arcuate-pinnate leaves about 4 meters long in an amount of 150 to 200 pieces. The leaf lobes are densely arranged in groups of 3-4 and are up to 35 centimeters long and 4-5 centimeters wide. The leaves are bluish-gray in color.
The petioles, reaching a length of 1 meter, are covered with brownish fibers at the base, and along the edges - with sharp strong thorns (from 3 to 15 centimeters long). The inflorescence with white flowers, directed upwards, is about 90 centimeters long. It is found wild in dry areas, river valleys and lowlands of eastern India.
Ceylon date palm (Phoenix zeylanica Trimen) - representatives of this species have a straight trunk, reaching from 3 to 6 meters in height and covered with the remains of petioles.
Comparatively short, feathery leaves are composed of numerous 18-25 cm bluish strong leaves. The short petiole is covered with thorns along the edges. A branched short (30-35 centimeters long) inflorescence is located in the leaf axils.
In natural conditions, the species is common on the island of Sri Lanka in humid lowlands. Cultivated for growing in cold greenhouses.
The date loves bright sunlight and needs shading only in the midday summer heat. It is best to place small young plants on the windowsills of the southern and southeastern windows, larger and adult plants - next to such windows.
For uniform growth and development of the crown of a palm tree, it is necessary to turn it around its axis from time to time. In the summer, the plant will respond well to being kept outdoors in the garden or on the balcony, but if this cannot be done, then the room should be regularly ventilated.
If the autumn-winter days did not please with a sufficient amount of sunlight, then in the spring the plant must be gradually accustomed to the direct rays of the sun in order to avoid burning the foliage. The same is done with the palm tree just brought from the store.
In winter, it is advisable to illuminate the date using fluorescent lamps. With insufficient lighting, the leaves of the palm tree begin to stretch out and hang down, losing their decorative effect.
In the spring-summer period, when the date grows, it needs to be kept in conditions of moderate temperatures from 20 to 25 degrees. These tropical beauties also love higher temperatures up to 28 degrees Celsius, but high humidity is also needed, otherwise the tips of the leaves of the plant will begin to dry.
In winter, dates have a dormant period and need a temperature in the range of 15-18 degrees. The Robelena date is more thermophilic and the optimal winter temperature for it is from 16 to 18 degrees Celsius.
The Canary date can spend the winter at temperatures from 8 to 10 degrees, and in adulthood, with a formed trunk, suffers a short-term decrease to 5 degrees of frost. Palm trees do not like this kind of stagnation of air. It is necessary to ensure regular ventilation of the room, while protecting the plants from drafts.
From April to August, the plant needs abundant watering, after which the water in the pan is left for 2-3 hours, and then drained. In autumn and winter, watering is reduced and carried out only on the second day after the top layer of the earthen coma has dried.
Moreover, the lower the temperature of the date, the less it is watered and vice versa. It must be remembered that the soil can neither be overmoistened nor overdried. Water for irrigation is taken warm, soft, settled.
Dates are moisture-loving plants. They are very fond of daily spraying, which can be carried out all year round. Water for spraying is taken from settled or, even better, filtered.
To maintain the required humidity, pots with palm trees can be placed in a tray filled with wet expanded clay, moss or pebbles, so that their bottom does not touch the water. Once every two weeks, date leaves are washed with water to remove dust.
Starting in April and finishing at the end of August, organic fertilizers are applied every 10 days. Sometimes organic matter needs to be alternated with potassium nitrate, which is taken 1 gram per 1 liter of water. In winter, dates are fertilized once a month.
Dates do not tolerate transplanting well, since the root system of the plant is often damaged during it. The transplant is carried out by the transshipment method and only in the spring. At the same time, the earth lump is not destroyed.
Due to their rapid growth, young palms have to be replanted annually, while adult plants, as needed, every 3-6 years. If the palm tree is too large and heavy and it is not easy to remove it from the pot unharmed, then it is recommended to break it.
The new pot is not taken much more than the previous one, while it should be deep and not wide. At the bottom of the pot, there must be several centimeters of drainage from expanded clay, shards or charcoal with sand.
The soil is renewed annually, removing the upper 2-4 centimeters of the old substrate and replacing it with fresh one.
Dates are not very demanding on the composition of the soil and can grow well in neutral and slightly acidic soils.
To prepare the substrate, sand, humus, sod soil and compost are mixed in equal amounts. For every 3 liters of the mixture obtained, add 1 tablespoon of superphosphate.
You can also use ready-made soil mixtures for palm trees, which are sold in flower shops.
Dates are most often propagated by seed. For cultivation, it is best to use seeds from fresh fruits, as germination decreases over time, and the emergence of sprouts can occur a year after planting.
Before planting, date bones are kept in warm water (30-35 degrees) for 2-3 days. Seeds can be planted in a peat-sandy substrate or in a substrate consisting of layers: the lower one is drainage, the middle one is sod land, the upper one is sand with finely chopped moss.
The prepared substrate is moistened with water, seeds are planted and covered with moss or sand. Shoots can be expected 20-25 days. For successful germination, timely watering and maintaining the temperature from 20 to 25 degrees are needed. The risen palms are transplanted into the soil, consisting of light turf soil, sand and humus, taken in a ratio of 2: 1: 1.
