Tracks out paving tile - This is not only a practical landscaped solution, but also a very attractive element capable of transforming both a plot of private home ownership and a park or a square. But in order to extend the life of the sidewalks, with their device it is necessary to perform certain rules, starting with the markup and ending with the finishing of the seams. And of course, a considerable role is played by the tile and materials from which it produced.
Paving tile path in the garden of a private house
The device of tracks paved by tiles involves the use different materials:
Among the produced types of tiles can be even confused when choosing a better option
Paving tiles are produced in two ways that affect the main indicators, in particular - for strength. The vibrol tile has low strength, vibropressed - elevated.
Therefore, for affordable places, mostly in the private sector, the choice of vibrolite paving slabs is justified. Accordingly, the vibropressed can be used in public places in the device tracks and even parking.
To check the strength, you need to knock the tiles on each other. A sign of strength will be a ring sound. Deaf speaks of fragility.
It is important about the color paving slabs to know that its composition includes expensive coloring substances. Therefore, purchasing it, you need to pay attention to the cost. It can not be very low - it true sign and low quality.
It is necessary to purchase an average of 10% more required by the amount of quantity. Such a stock is layered, providing for waste due to the presence of marriage in packages, as well as a stock on the trimming of products necessary during installation. This is especially important when the styling is carried out according to a complex scheme, or the contour of the sidewalk is scheduled to be complex, with bends.
Construction of paved tracks is a rather complicated technological process. Execution It assumes the presence of special tools and devices. So, for mounting the sidewalks must be prepared:
What is useful from tools
The installation of sidewalk consists of several consecutive operations:
Before starting work on the device of a paved sidewalk, it is important to check the slope of the surface. It must be smooth (otherwise it will remain to be aligned) and have a bias of about 2-5 degrees (to ensure the drainage of precipitation). Along or across the sidewalk, it will be located - does not have a decisive value. Next, with the help of the rope and pegs, the contour of the future sidewalk is placed.
The shovel remove the layer of the earth with a thickness of 15-20 cm. (In the event that an increased load is assumed on the paving slabs, the layer thickness can be up to 50 cm.) The resulting base is thoroughly aligned with mop or robbles. In the event that the ground at the base is loose, the surface should be wetted and seal.
Preparation of a place for the future track
The next step of the sidewalk device is the installation of borders. Install them on the cement solution. At first, using the cord and pegs, they mark the contour, which will be installed border, and also set the desired level of it, taking into account the slope. Eat the grooves for the subsequent fill of the concrete.
For tracks with a complex border configuration, as needed, it is possible to cut with a grinder and set in segments of different lengths, following the specified circuit. At the same time, in the places of curves, the pegs are installed at a smaller distance than in direct areas.
This stage of work can be done after the pavement tile is already laid, but in the first embodiment it is much easier to carry out, because the base immediately receives a reliable frame, in which the tile of nowhere will be touched, and the sand is crushed. The border can be both above the tile, and to put in a clove with it (for example, if the sidewalk surrounds a dense high lawn). The board when installing a border is poured with a solution and fall asleep with sand.
Border will protect the tile from shifts, and sand from squeezing
The prepared base of the sidewalk falls asleep with small sifted sand, (the layer should be a thickness of about 5 cm). Next, the sands are recalled using robber and rules. After that, the surface must be thoroughly shed water (at least 10 liters per square meter). Give sand to stand up - a few hours if the weather is solar, and about a day - if cloudy. After that, the sand is rambling and carefully smash. Now the surface is prepared directly for laying paving slabs.
It is permissible to do with sand, without a crushed stone layer, however, such a design is suitable for places with a small amount of precipitation and otherwise cannot provide sufficient drainage.
For the sidewalks that have to withstand high loads (big passability of people or car parking), as well as for sidewalks, the device of which is carried out on problem soils, the base must be further reinforced with concrete (a layer is required to 15 cm). At the same time, it is advisable to lay the tile not on the sand, but on the tie.
With this method, an additional formwork device is needed from the boards not thinner 4 cm after the concrete freezes, the formwork can be dismantled.
Distribution of sand along the track
The absence of requested or protruding sites, good drainage will depend on the qualitative implementation of previous work. However, the stacking stage is no less responsible. It is important to observe the conceived drawing of the styling, not to disrupt the level, withstand the sizes of the seams. To do this, follow several rules:
The process of laying the main material
In order to accurately compress the distance of the seams, before starting the laying of the first row, stretch the cord over the entire width and length of the object. Styling start, holding the cords of both guides. The accuracy of the seams is checked in each third row.
Each tile is placed using a wooden hammer or a special Cyanka. Twice for every 10 square meters with the help of the rule control the horizontal tile. Detected defects immediately eliminate.
For trimming slabs enjoy a grinder.
Chernovaya laying is ready. Now the surface is sprinkled with fine river sand, purified from organic compounds (so that weeds did not sprinkle in the future) and fill the seams between the tiles. Here are used broom or brush with rigid bristles. The paved surface is simply sweeping in different directions.
If the entire tile used is the same gray, - sand can be mixed with cement - for greater styling strength. However, for color tiles, cement will not fit - it will be enough such a mixture with it, therefore it is more expedient to apply just sand.
Vibropress for the rambling tiles for the sidewalk
Now, using a vibrating plate or other device, perform the tampering of the entire surface. Excess sand is neatly washed out of the hose through the divider. If required, these two operations are repeated.
To help novice video crafts with a description of the whole process:
The main care behind the paving slabs is timely removal of dirt and dust - periodic flushing. But the track, laid out with colored tiles, will have to wash with the help of special detergents. Because it is stronger than only dirt, but also black traces from tires.
In winter, the sidewalks are cleaning with a broom or a wooden shovel. To clean the surface of the ice, it is unacceptable for the use of metal shovels and especially scrap.
Snow removal should be equipped with a protective nozzle.
The sidewalk tile is valued for practicality, high strength, durability, moisture resistance and temperature drops. It does not highlight the substances harmful to humans when heated as an asphalt coating. The variety of forms, sizes, colors and the textures of road-building material amazing. Combining different types Products, you can create beautiful coatings. Laying paving slabs requires strict execution of all construction Rules. If the technology of paving is broken, the coating is quickly destroyed.
It can be vibrolyta and vibropressed. Products are characterized by manufacturing technology. Vibrolic elements are created by the rambling solution on the vibrationtole. In the manufacture of the vibropressed product, the mixture is exposed to pressure with vibration. Vibropressed products have higher strength. Tile produced from concrete mix and clay. The composition adds edges of granite rocks and plasticizers. The most durable is the granite tile. It is made of natural granite.
Products can have a diamond, hexagonal, rectangular, square and wedge-shaped. Popular material "Wave" (with wave-like edges), "clover" (with semicircular protrusions) and "bone" (resembles a coil). There are many ways to lay a diamond tile (hexagons, snowflakes, stars). From rhombuses you can create a coating with a 3D effect.
For creating garden tracks Near the cottage I. country houses Purchase vibrolyant tiles with a thickness of 40 mm. Vibropressed products can be laid on roads with high load (squares, sidewalks). They must have a thickness of at least 60 mm. If laying on the street on the roadway, it is better to use granite tiles. The intensive movement of passenger vehicles will withstand the material with a thickness of 70-80 mm. If trucks are driving on the way, the coating thickness should be 100 mm.
Before buying, you need to evaluate the quality of the tile. There should be no holes on its surface, Zzabrin and Scherbin. When tapping tiles, a ringing sound should appear. If the sound is deaf, you need to refuse to buy. It is not worth buying brightly colored products, as well as those in which there are emptiness. To evaluate the density of the material, you need to ask him to split it. It is necessary to find out how smooth is the surface of the product. If the pavement tile is all the corners on the table, it lies smoothly and does not swing, it is high quality.
Before purchasing paving slabs, you need to select the laying option. On straight and smooth areas, it is easiest to perform a linear scheme. Such a laying technology of paving slabs is the simplest. It allows economically to spend material.
A linear layout can be horizontal, vertical, straight or with a shift. When the rows shifts the coating pattern resembles a brickwork. If you use products of different shades, you can get the effect of the "tracked track". Tile rows are sometimes placed at an angle to the track line. Such styling is called diagonal.
If a diagonal-angular layout diagram is used, a drawing "Christmas tree" or "Braided" is formed. To put the "Christmas tree", the rows of tiles are at an angle of 45 ° to the line of the track. "Braided" bridge, alternating horizontal and vertical laying. The diagonal-angular circuit is characterized by high strength. It visually reduces space.
Tile can be placed by modules of 2-3 elements. Combining 2 colors create a chess pattern. If you use elements of different sizes and shades, it turns out an original chaotic picture. On the outdoor territory It looks beautifully a spiral layout. To create decorative circles, it is necessary to purchase material with wedge-shaped elements. The artistic layout is performed from products of different shapes and colors. Selecting the ways of laying the tile, it is necessary to take into account the design of architectural buildings and a homeland territory.
To perform work on laying, you need to purchase tools:
It is necessary to prepare borders, sand, crushed stone (fractions 10-20, 20-50) or gravel, plastering mixture or cement (M400, M500). To strengthen the foundation of the coating, it will take the reinforcement grille with cells 10x10 or 8x8 cm. Create a coating on a large area will help the laying machine.
To correctly lay out the tile yourself, you must first make markup. Starting work needed near the building, fence or gate. Near the facilities you need to score 2 kial. The distance between them should correspond to the width of the track. The width of the coating is better to adjust the size of the product so that the material does not have to cut. Since the design will be supported by curbs, it is necessary to leave a place for them (10 cm on each side). Other 2 kids are clogged near another building. There are 2 ropes between the waists.
Laying street tiles on a large area is carried out after its partition on the strip 1-1.5 m wide. If the road has bends, it is divided into small sites. The markup of each site is made separately.
The volume of earthworks depends on the type of soil. If the soil is dense and clay, it is enough to remove a layer with a thickness of 15-20 cm to remove the roots of the plants. When the ground is loose, it is necessary to remove a layer with a thickness of 30-35 cm. If laying of paving slabs in winter is planned, the trench for paving must be prepared to cold.
Sand pour on the trench surface. The sand is tamped along with the soil. So that the plant seeds in the ground did not germinate and did not destroy the coating, the non-woven canvas are placed on the bottom of the trench. Stripes of material must overlap each other by 15-20 cm.
Proper laying of the tile is not a guarantee of the durability of the coating. Ground and rainwater gradually wash the sand and soil particles, destroying the base of the road. For moisture does not spoil the coating, it is necessary to make a drainage layer.
On the bottom of the trench you need to pour rubbank. The thickness of the layer should be 15-18 cm. Crushed stone is needed good to ravibly and dissolve. From above, the thin layer of sand is added and also rolls up, on which the nonwoven canvas is placed. It is necessary to take care that water flows to the edges of the track. For this make transverse and longitudinal slopes. The pillow under the paving slabs is performed at the last stage. preparatory work.
Laying the border is carried out immediately after performing the work on the drainage device. It is better to use a ready-made border of concrete. Border blocks are installed near the vertical slope slice along the edges of the road. It is desirable that the top edge of the border is 1-2 cm above the soil level. Otherwise, the tracks will be constantly dirty.
Border blocks are fixed with concrete solution. After laying a border, you need to check how smooth it is. For this use the construction level. If some blocks are installed incorrectly, their position is adjusted by wooden inquiry.
Before laying the platform with tiles, you need to make a base. The underlying layer helps to align the surface of the site. It gives coat stability and increases its strength. A reliable base does not allow the sidewalk to collapse under the weight of people and cars. It protects the coating from destruction in the autumn winterWhen ice is formed in its gaps.
The technology of laying paving slabs depends on the method of operation of the coating. If the load on its surface will be a small (pedestrian walkway), it is enough to make the underlying layer consisting of sand and cement. If the package is carried out under the car, it is necessary concrete base.
Before concreting, the base is performed by reinforcement. The reinforcement grid is placed on metal or stone stands. Armature must be 3-5 cm above the surface of the trench. Gatzovka for paving slabs is prepared from sand and cement in a 3: 1 proportion. It is better to use river or career washed sand. It should not have clay or lime particles. The solution is evenly and thoroughly distributed over the trench section to achieve smooth surface.
It is better to immediately pour the entire track concrete. If part of the work is postponed the next day, the plot is flooded with concrete. It is necessary to cover with polyethylene. The concrete base for sidewalks should have a thickness of 10-12 cm. In order for the cement cushion to be durable, its 3-5 days moisturize. After moisturizing, the concrete is covered with polyethylene. You can lay the coating in 7-12 days.
The trench falls asleep with a mixture of sand and cement. It is prepared in proportion 3: 1. The thickness of the sand-cement base should be 12-15 cm. The underlying layer is needed to be good and aligned. If the trench depth is too big, it can be reduced by sand. The sand is poured under the base and thoroughly tram.
The paving technology of paving slabs requires that the cement-sand mixture is dry. Therefore, it is better to make the basis directly before paving in dry weather. The cement-sand layer must be laid on geotextiles. If this is not done, the sand will quickly refill, and the tile will see.
Before mounting, the tile must be treated with hydrophobic solution. The tool will increase the frost resistance and moisture resistance of the material, as well as increase its life. Hydropobicators are improving decorative qualities And protect against fungal microorganisms. Salt spots appear on the surface treated with hydrophobic surface solution. The material is immersed in the hydrophobic composition, then dried. The procedure is repeated.
During processing, you need to carefully inspect all the elements. Products with defects need to be postponed. When you need to cut the paving slabs to arrange the corners, the defective elements will be useful.
Work on laying must be carried out under suitable weather conditions. The weather should be dry and windless. It is impossible to lay a coating on a sandy-cement base at a minus temperature. When frozen the soil expands, and after the thawing sends. If you put a coating on the frozen soil, after it is thawing it collapses. The rules for laying paving slabs allow you to perform work on a concrete base during a frost, but it is undesirable to do it.
Paving tile on concrete base fix cement mortar. The seams are completely filled with a mixture. In this case, the thickness of the seams should not exceed 3 mm. Placeing elements, you need to be covered. It is impossible to step on the basis. After laying each row, you need to check the quality of the work performed by the construction level. Elements that are incorrect are aligned with rubber hammer.
It is necessary to lay the cement-sand base, driven by each element with wooden inquiry. The material must securely secure at the base. If the product "fails", you need to pour a layer of sand under it. The gaps between the tiles are filled with a mixture or sand. After performing the work, the coating is moistened from the hose with a sprayer. If the mixture "sink" in the gaps, you need to pour a little mixture into them. You can use the coating in 2-3 days.
Seaming seams of paving slabs is carried out using sand, cement or concrete mix. If sand is used, it must be pre-samped. Cement mix Prepare from cement and sand in a ratio of 1: 5. When preparing a concrete mixture, cement is mixed with sand in the proportion of 1: 3. Sand and mixtures should be dry. The postpoint layout is carried out using a rubber spatula. The level of the mixture in the gaps should be from 1/2 to 3/4 of the height of the tile. Excess mixtures are sweeping with a broom cover.
After that, they begin pouring the seams. When the mixture is frozen (after 1-3 days), the mixture is poured into the gaps and it is moisturized again. After drying the composition, the procedure is repeated for the third time. It is possible that you have to add a mixture to the seams a few times. You can finish work when the mixture in the gaps will be on the same level with the surface of the tile.
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Paving tile in the courtyard of a private house or in the country performs two functions - aesthetic and utilitarian. The key to high quality implementation and the other is proper laying Paving slabs.
Many trust these professionals, which will be vested on what they know their business. Is it so? Is there always a hired worker doing the installation better than the owner himself?
The main thing is to know how to lay paving slabs with your own hands.
A good help will be step-by-step instructionIn addition to the sequence of work, all the nuances of this pretty simple and fascinating process will be disclosed. Where the result is manifested with the first plated tiles.
Planning is the key to the fact that the homemade path will not let down for a long time.
Comparative analysis of the tile road cover is provided in the table
The choice of the base under the sidewalk affects the type of soil. The movable primer requires a concrete base device even under a pedestrian walkway, and the tight allows you to do the sand-cement pillow and under the car.
General Tips and Rules, how to put the pavement tile correctly:
To create a beautiful walkway from the tile, you need to make the right sketch. The drawing or laying scheme of paving slabs will help not only visualize the project, but also calculate the required amount of material.
The choice of laying scheme affects the shape (geometry) of tiles (see photo) and the planned layout design.
Significant possibilities for maneuver creates the use of sidewalk rectangular shape, with standard dimensions 100x200 mm, such as "blocking" or "brick". They give the greatest number of laying options.
1. Geometric laying. Can be represented by colored cloths or illusions.
Playing the colors and layout of the tile, you can create a unique design of garden tracks. Examples in the photo (rhombus, square, circle, new and old city, parquet, chess, fan, coil, butterfly, wedge sheet, hexagon or bee honeycombs).
2. 3D illusions - sidewalk tile with 3D effect. Laying tiles with a pattern that creates a surround stereoscopic (three-dimensional) image - the tricky technology of deception of visual.
The example of which is provided below, the scheme has no classical understanding. Ensures the laying down of tiles in the artistic disarray. If the tile is one-photon, then when the layout varies the size of the tiles, if multi-colored - colors.
4. Art layout of paving slabswhose photo is provided below gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe manifold different options Styling. The complexity of the figure is determined by the mastery or perseverance of the master.
It will take: sand, cement, tile, border. From the tool it is useful: a kapron thread, pegs, rubber hammer, a long rule, level, tamper, trumpet, broom. In case of trimming, you need a Bulgarian with a disk for cutting concrete. A comfortable thing knees, because work takes a lot of time with the focus on these parts of the body.
The markup of the site is to define the contour of the future track. The place around the perimeter is denoted by pegs, between which the caprochy thread is stretched. Due to the fact that it serves as a guide to layout the tile, it must be stretching strictly by level.
For the device of the base, you need to remove the top layer of the turf, align the bed, pour water and seal it with a tamper. Tight primer in such work does not need. In the soil there are stones, roots of trees and shrubs - all this should be removed.
Note. You can leave the soil, but then the track will be much higher than the rest of the cover on the site, which can lead to her kneading or rain water.
The resulting bed is covered with a drainage bearing layer, such as rubble or gravel a height of 150-200 mm. For car track (platforms) layer thickness increases to 400 mm. Many are laid under gravel and geotextiles on it to eliminate the likelihood of pillow blur groundwater. On top of rubble, 20 mm falls asleep. Sand, to equalize the base.
Step-by-step instruction
The appointment of border stone is to designate the track and protect the tile from the spreading. But there are examples of displaying paving slabs without a border.
The boarding of the border is made on the aligned base. For greater reliability, it is placed on a concrete base (concrete lock).
You can install a plastic border for tile
The curb can be installed in a tile with a tile or perform a few cm. It is recommended to lay the tile slightly above the curb (curb) by 5 mm, this is a shridker.
Highlight three types of foundation:
Laying paving slabs on sand.
In this case, the distance between the borders (or the stretched thread in their absence) is filled with sand. The height of the sandy layer is 50-60 mm. Before working, the sand is watered with water using a sprayer and leave a little bit. Next, it is aligned and trambed. The statement is made on wet, but not wet sand.
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At the base prepared at the fifth stage, the second layer of sand (30-40 mm) is stacked, which is stacked reinforcement grid. From above, the mesh is covered with a mixture of sand and cement in a 1: 4 ratio.
Laying of paving slabs on a concrete base.
The composition of "cake" is shown in the diagram.
Note. Laying tiles on concrete the best way. This is due to the fact that the concrete base does not miss moisture. Water is delayed between concrete and tiles and at minus temperatures leads to the deformation of the track.
Simple rules for high-quality and efficient work.
Getting Staged, the first thing stretch the cord on the width of the track, and the first row of tiles appear on it. The horizontal should be checked every 2-3 rows.
"Landing" paving slabsThe tile is placed in the place intended for it and is installed precisely by light tapping on it with a rubber hammer. If the tile fails under it, sand or mixture is being added.
The gap between the paving slabs is usually 2-3 mm (enough to waste water). The exact gaps are kept with the help of crosses (but this theory is not found in practice).
Some manufacturers have provided the presence of limiters (remote locks) on the tile, allowing to perform installation without applying additional devices to the same distance from each other.
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Appeared new technology - Paving tile, luminous in the dark. The installation of such a tile will allow you to designate the boundaries and protect the movement along the path in the dark. Luminous paint It is applied over the tile and is absolutely safe for users and soil.
Another variant of the decorative backlight of the track is the LED paving slabs. In this case, block-brick blocks are mounted in the laying process - lED lightsoperating from electricity or solar panels.
In addition to understanding how to put the pavement tile, you need to know what to close the seams. Filling the seams between the paving slabs is made in two approaches. To begin with, a thin layer of pure, sifted, dry sand is poured into the laid tile. Using a broom or brush, the backstage is hosted between the seams. Then the sand layer is poured onto the track (if the sand base) or a sandy-cement mixture in a ratio of 1: 1 (for cement-sand or concrete base) and also, with a broom, the seams are filled (wake up).
You can purchase a ready-made dry mix for filling seams of paving slabs: M150 (120 rubles / 25 kg) and Quick-Mix PFN (1650 rubles / 25 kg).
At the end of the work, the track is watering with a sprayer. Watering is carried out until puddles are formed on the track.
Important. The distance between the border and tile is not concreted, and also falls asleep with a dry mixture.
Note. Professionals are advised to perform joint ventilation with a special board, but users argue that in private construction it is unnecessary.
Little to know how to put sidewalks, you need to still provide her constant care so that it serves the estimated period. A simple care is in periodic sweeping and washing a path of paving slabs (so that the colored tile remains the same beautiful). IN winter time For cleaning snow, metal shovels should not be used, and for icing scrap, ice axes, as well as sprinkle the track of anti-trees containing salt.
The porous concrete structure acts as a sponge - absorbs water. Gigroscopicity plays his indulged role in winter, when water penetrates into the pores of concrete, freezes, expands and destroys the structure of a concrete base. As a result, the appearance of microcracks, lounches, shells, color change.
To prevent it, use protective impregnations - hydrophobizers for paving slabs
Hydrophobic compositions (materials, additives, liquids) do not protect the tile from burning into the sun and abrasion, but only impregnate the surface of the concrete and thereby prevent "drinking" with water (report water-repellent property).
technologyLaying of paving slabs - a comprehensive event requiring compliance with many construction rules. Failure to comply with one of the rules leads to the destruction of the entire complex. Failure to comply with paving slabs, the use of coating materials, absolutely not appropriate to their intended purpose, irresponsible attitude to work usually lead to the fact that sidewalks, squares and roads hurt, fall, individual coating tiles are destroyed or loosened. Therefore, when performing work on laying paving slabs is extremely important to adhere to the installed technology, use the appropriate materials, and for better quality Apply special snap and equipment. Laying of paving slabs is made on a carefully rammed and aligned base. The quality of the preparation of the base directly determines the durability of paving pavement.
The following main stages of the tile laying work should be noted:
Choosing a paving slab laying and track markup;
Preparation of the base under the coating;
Laying and final surface treatment.
Preparatory work. The first stage of preparatory work for laying paving slabs and paving stones is the breakdown of the contour of the stacked area and the exhibition of control "beacons". At the same time, the corners of the territory are taken into account, binding to existing areas, biases. After the contour work was performed, proceed to the preparation of the base, which includes the following types of work:
Planning. After the end of the height level, it is necessary to remove the top layer of the soil and make an aligning layer of gravel or rubble.
Drainage device, drainage. It is necessary to take into account that despite the tightly adjacent seams of the blocks, the base is impregnated with water. Therefore, at the base, a waterproof drainage carrier layer is needed (gravel, crushed stone). Then part surface water It can be assigned directly through a paving and carrying a layer into the ground. In any case, the pavement coating should necessarily have slopes and drainage to remove rainwater. It is necessary that the Boloto does not form under the blocking.
The device of the carrier layer. For the carrier layer, frost-resistant, homogeneous grain material (crushed stone, gravel) should be applied. This material should be applied evenly in height and straightly with appropriate slopes. When the device of simple pedestrian walkways is most often used by a layer of 15 to 20 cm. When the device from the paving slabs, for the passage of passenger cars, is used by a layer of 20 to 30 cm. At high loads, the carrier layer increases and stacked in several layers, each layer is necessarily compacted by vibratory or roller.
Installation of borders. In order to avoid "sprawling", paving slabs at the edges are used by a curb or angle, which should reach half of the height of the blocks and then can be covered with natural soil.
Device of the alignment sand layer under the blocking. A layer of sand with a thickness of 3 - 5 cm is applied to the seal-carrier layer as the underlying layer, be sure to clean (without clay). Before laying the underlying layer, you need to set aligning rails and secure with sand.
After the guides are exhibited according to all slots and are well fixed, the underlying layer is fitted between them and smoothes through the ruler so that the pavement is before it is compacted, lay 1 cm above from the required level. Then the guides are carefully removed, and the remaining grooves are neatly filled with sand. On the laid flooring do not step !!!
Laying blocks
To lay paving slabs with a sufficient amount of work, a brigade is needed from 4 people, which will be able to master the volume of 30 -40 m2 on average for 1 working shift with all associated work.
Stacking starts:
From the bottom point to the boost;
From an optically important border;
From important visible elements, such as the main entrance of the house, porch, etc.
Before starting to lay the first series of paving stones, to excerct the exact distance of the seams you need to pull the cord for the entire length and width of this object. Then, adhering to the stretched cord, proceed to laying. Checking the exact location of the seams is recommended every three rows of stacked paving.
It is stacked with the help of a rubber hammer with a lung tapping on a blocking. Each 5 m2 laid, but not compacted paving, its horizontal surface is controlled using a 2 meter rule, with an error from 5 mm to 1 cm for 2 meters laid area.
Often there are problems of a very accurate cutting of the paving slaves. For this, there are cutting discs with diamond spraying. At an object up to 100 m2 completely flashes to two disks.
Sealing seams and vibration. After the pavement is laid, the coating is compacted by the vibropilet. After the first vibration absorption of the finished coating on the surface, a little necessarily very dry sainted and pure river sand, so that the sand is easily and tightly filled the slots between the elements. The fastened sand is located evenly throughout the area and clogs in the seams by simply sweeping, "tying" the entire coating is firmly and reliably. Then the dry and clean coating is again sealing the vibropilet and is applied with a layer of dry sainted sand. It is recommended to leave this layer of sand so that it fell for a while. After that, you can make a platform again.
Current operation. In winter, in order to avoid land, the coating should be regularly brushed using broom and wooden shovels. To reduce slip, you can sprinkle with sand. If the snow was not removed on time, and Fared formed, in no case do not remove the ice with the help of metal scrap. Snow removal technician, serving coating, should also have a rubber nozzle on the drain.
When exposed to various materials on a blocking, contamination may occur, substantially changing the type of coating. For example, auto strokes leave black stripes, dust and road dirt make the surface of black-gray. With the help of cleaning products and special substances, you can return the surface of the original color.
Methods of laying paving slabs
There are several ways to lay pavers. The choice of the method depends on the state of the soil and the subsequent operating conditions of the site (pedestrian area, fare and parking lots of passenger cars, scene). Laying paving slaves with border stones or without them. Regardless of the selected method of laying, the result of work depends significantly on the thoroughness of preliminary marking and preparation of the base for laying. The stage of markup of sites and tracks and preparation of the base (bed) is common to all types of paving.
For pedestrian tracks and sites with a small load, the laying is made on the sandy base |
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1. In the bed prepared bed, put on the sand with a layer of 5 - 15 cm. 2. Thorough the sand thoroughly, observing the necessary slopes for water drain, use the rake and rule. 3. Sweep the resulting layer with water from the hose or from the watering can (at least 10 liters of water per 1 m2 are necessary). 4. Find the base with manual traam. 5. Install the curbs on the liquid solution M100, if necessary, at the base, you should dig a small-sized trench and the required depth. 6. Board Bordeur Sweep with a solution and fill with sand. |
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| 7. Install the pavement in accordance with the pattern and gaps of 5 - 7 mm. 8. Using Rubber Cyans, align the surface of the track. If necessary, you can pour missing sand, carefully removing one or more stones. Check out the level of level. 9. Fill the gaps between the stones of sainted sand with the help of a brush, making movements in different directions. 10. ROOM SUCCESS SUNLY OF SUBSTAND A weak jet of water, watching the sand is not washed out of the seams. |
For moderate motion and parking lots, the laying is made on the rubble base with a dry mixture |
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| 1. In the footage prepared bed, put the crushed stone with a layer of 10 - 20 cm and dissolve in accordance with the slopes and the level. 3. Install the curbs on the liquid solution M100. If necessary, at the base, it is necessary to dig a trench of a small size and the required depth. 4. Bordera board break with mortar and fill in sand. |
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| 5. Pour and dissolve the dry cement-sand mix with a layer of 5 - 10 cm. (Additional reinforcement of the road grid is possible). 6. Install the pavement in accordance with the pattern and gaps of 5 - 7 mm. 7. Using rubber Cyanka, align the surface of the track. If necessary, you can plug the missing mixture, carefully removing one or more stones. Check out the level of level. |
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| 8. Slide the track with plenty of water. 9. Wait for the surface of the blocks of the paving. Only then fill the seams with a dry mixture. 10. Repeat the water of the waterway from the watering can, follow the water to wash the mixture from the seams. 11. If necessary, clean the surface from excess solutions to full frost. On the surface should not be traces of the solution. All seams should be carefully filled with a mixture. |
For the device of the mess, sites with a large load and during problem soils, the laying is made on the concrete base |
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| 1. In a prepared bed, put a layer of 10 - 15 cm with a layer of 10 - 15 cm and scroll according to slopes and levels. 2. Find rubble rubbing. 3. On the border of the site intended for the pouring concrete, install the formwork from the boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm, securing them with the stakes every 60 - 100 cm. |
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| 4. Place the concrete layer 5 - 15 cm. large squares Coatings It is advisable to leave temperature seams with a width of at least 0.5 cm every 3 m to prevent cracking of the coating during the winter period. In the case of reinforcing a concrete pillow, first lay the concrete with a layer of about 3 cm. Then put the road grid and fill it with concrete to the design level (it is possible to use spacers). 5. Finally, form the slopes and levels of the base. |
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| 6. Install the curbs on the liquid solution M100. Formwork can not be removed. 7. Board Bordeur Sweep with a solution and fill in sand. 8. Laying of elements is made on a cement-sand tie with a thickness of 1 -3 cm. The screed must be poured on a pre-moisturized surface. 9. Fill the temperature seams with an elastic filler. 10. Get seams with a solution or grout. Try not to allow a solution to the front surface of the coating in the process of entering the solution, if it happened, the tracks of the solution must be removed before it is frozen. |
