So that the work did not seem unbearable, and the process itself was smooth and without unpleasant nuances, you need to follow the main stages of the fill technology. it important momentSince the result will depend on the proper execution of work at each stage.
This stage is considered the most important, the final result of your work will depend on it. For example, you irresponsibly reacted to clean the surface from the construction trash, and the alignment did not have enough strength. Get the same result to which you noded. An uneven surface will give themselves to know at the stage of the fill of concrete - the bulk mass stalks down.
In the bulk of its mass under the bulk coating, the base of concrete is chosen, which is why the requirements for it are quite tough:
The easiest way to fulfill all these requirements is to perform concrete screed Based on, standing out to align it. It will help to hide all the irregularities, and to all other things on the screed, it is convenient to lay material for waterproofing.
After drying, the screed need to produce primer work. For this purpose, one-component varnish is used. It is applied in two layers and each of them is carefully dried. With proper application of the primer mass on the surface, it will become similar to a major sandpaper. The purpose of the primer is to create a wonderful grip with the basic fill material.
If after applying the primer began to foam and darken, you need to wait for its complete drying a little more, up to 24 hours. After drying the base, putty works are carried out, which contribute to the maximum surface alignment.
After all preparatory work It is necessary to take on the fixation of beacons - guides that contribute to the uniform application of the cement-containing composition. Without this, you can do if the fill of the floor is made in the room of a small area, but in large rooms it is impossible to neglect the beacons. In the opposite case, you will not evenly apply a cement mixture.
Thanks to the installation of beacons, you will receive the main area divided into segments, due to which it is possible to patch the concrete solution. Lights are fixed with the same concrete mixWhat will be used for fill.
When a solution was fully frozen under the beacons, it's time to prepare a mixture for filling work. Taking into hand packaging with a dry mixture, you must study the carefully attached instructions. In advance, the prepared container poured the required amount of water and the contents of the packaging are poured there.
In order to obtain a homogeneous mass without lumps, you can stir a solution with a drill with a nozzle. After that, the solution is left for a while, and after they make another approach to stirring. It is not recommended to use a drill at maximum speed, only small speeds will guarantee the preparation of the highest quality mixture.
The filling technology of the cement floor is that for a good result, it should be poured into two layers, of which the first layer is called the underlying, and the second - facial or finishing.
The fill of the underlying layer contributes to the final leveling of the base, removes all minor irregularities. As a result, the perfect coating is obtained for applying the last layer. The thickness of the first layer should not exceed 2 millimeters.
We appline the finishing layer, aligning it with the rally. After that, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe fill, it is necessary to carry out a needle roller, which can manage all bubbles that affect the quality of the final result. Through the same roller you can distribute the surface color. As soon as the bulk floor drops, the deformation seams should be sealing.
Almost every owner is asked what kind of bulk gender is most suitable for the house, what kind of mixture choose or what types of coatings are different in addition to the price. Cement base floor is good decision For those who want to clean up and clean.
The cement-polymer floor is a bulk self-leveling floor. Differs high moisture resistance. It is universal - suitable for the street and premises. It is only necessary to choose the desired mixture that will withstand the temperature differences or excessive humidity. The presence of cement provides coatings the perfect coupling with concrete - it is better than just laying the tile or laminate on a bare unprepared surface.
Therefore, liquid floors are often the main for finishing. For such purposes, they buy dry mixes in building markets.
The composition of the mixture for filling the floor contains several components:
The high-quality mixture is sufficiently simple: in its composition a large content of various useful additives, polymer components. They use to increase strength, as well as in order for the mixture to be the desired consistency when filling the floor.
There is also another kind of self-leveling floors - cement-sandy. It consists of cement, sand and water. True, it is sometimes recommended to add a plasticizer to increase the density of the coating.
How to create homemade bulk sex - phased instructions for those who want to do this personally without the help of special organizations:
It is better to check the level better, strictly withstanding the horizontal. In case the fill area is too big, the same screws are used, screwed into the floor, the level of the hats are noted on the walls. Thereafter construction level It is worth checking the horizontality, and then pull the wire.
Nothing catastrophically bad will not happen, the primer will simply dry significantly longer - about a day, not half an hour.
The floor in the end should be smooth and smooth. After complete fill, the surface must be re-rolled out with a roller with needles for a dense fit of the solution to the base. Thus will remove air bubbles. Next, give the floor to dry. Drying time can be different in all solutions, but on average it is six hours.
The composition of the acrylic floor, which consists of:
Initially, such floors needed in an industrial environment, but now the sphere has expanded. Such floors are highly resistant to moisture and various chemicals. We often cover the surface in the subway, shower, toilet, and so on. The floor is simply fit enough, but for efficiency, it would still be nice to prepare the surface. Just as before, clean from garbage and dust.
Main characteristics:
Installation of acrylic floor:
Among other things, often for filling the floor resort to liquid glass. Such a spillway floor after laying creates a smooth and glossy surface, which is very similar to the present glass, only in liquid form. It is often met in medical institutionsbecause it is easily clean and does not absorb bacteria. In fact, liquid glass is always glossy and transparent, but there is an opportunity to paint it in order to achieve another shade. In these cases, special dyes are used, which are added to the mixture.
You can also make a 3D effect. To do this, it is necessary between layers to put a printed pattern or other volumetric items to your taste and color.
Pluses of these floors:
From a huge range of floors for the floor, it is worth noting the most popular:
Bulk floors call formulations for leveling the base and to create lasting, smooth finish coat. In the first case, dry mixtures based on cement or plaster with polymer additives are used, in the second - composition based on epoxy resin, polyurethane and some other polymers.
With their own hands, the finishing leveling of the base with the use of cement or gypsum (anhydrite) self-leveling screed is carried out. The fill technology of both compositions is almost the same. The varieties of bulk floors are described in more detail.
To begin with, it is necessary using the level and ruler to estimate the curvature of the base, the height differences, the magnitude of the slope, if there is. Self-leveling ties are applied with a thin layer, cement - from 3 mm, gypsum - from 2 mm.
If the base has significant height or bias drops, it is advantageously recommended to produce coarse alignment with the compositions designed to apply a thicker layer - cement-sand tie or cement level with polymer additives.
The levelover also refers to the category of bulk floors, its main advantage is fast polymerization. So if you need to perform work in a short time, these compositions are out of competition, and if there is time, it is better to use the traditional CPS, it is much cheaper.
Also need to produce such foundation preparation operations:
The depths of considerable depth and square are desirable to pre-close up cheaper, and not only for considerations of savings. If the thickness of the layer of the screed in different parts differ significantly, it will be uneven, and this is reflected in the strength characteristics.
To the pouring of floors, you can start 6-24 hours after applying the primer. There should be no drafts in the room, and the air temperature must comply with the instructions specified in the instruction (usually not lower than + 5 ° C).
To prepare a cement or gypsum mixture for bulk floors, you will need a large container (plastic bucket) and a drill with a nozzle-mixer. The mixture is divorced by water in accordance with the instructions and stirred on low revs.
In the instructions for many self-digging mixtures, a simple method of controlling the consistency of the composition is described, it is especially recommended to resort to it when a plaster station is used for work. Measure the desired volume of the finished solution and poured on the prepared base, spreading, it forms a circle. You need to measure the diameter of this circle and compare with the values \u200b\u200bgiven in the instructions.
So, for the compositions of the Bundex, the spreadability of 200 ml of the solution should be:
In the process of making a solution and its application to the floor, it is necessary to protect your hands with gloves, and respiratory organs with a respirator. Works start from a long angle, the strip of the wall is poured from the wall to the wall, the composition is distributed over the surface with a toothed spatula or a rochel on a long handle. Then the portion is poured, with a slight occasion of the already flooded site.
The next portion should be poured before it starts to grab the previousAnd the viability of the solution is 30 minutes, so it is necessary to work quickly, better together. If the room is large, for sex you need a few rasters, one person must prepare a new portion, while the other spreads the composition poured into the floor.
Important: In the process of work, it is usually necessary to walk on the already flooded surface. So as not to leave traces, you need to use special studded lining on shoes. Holes from spikes are easily tightened, but only until the solution starts to be captured.
When selecting a tool for the distribution of the composition on the surface, it is necessary to take into account the desired thickness of the layer. The height of the rowel blade or the teeth of the spatula should fit it. When the entire floor is flooded, the composition is once again smoothed using a special wide brush or needle roller, the needle length should also correspond to the thickness of the coating.
Movement with roller or brush are made in longitudinal and transverse directions. In addition to alignment, this operation helps to remove air bubbles from the solution. Rolling the roller must be performed, and if the fill is carried out by a mechanized manner using a plastering station. If the composition is very liquid, you can do without a rochel or spatula, and immediately use the roller.
The difference between cement and gypsum compositions is that the fluidity of the gypsum mixture is higher, it can be applied to a thinner layer and hardening faster. The time after which it is possible to walk on the coating, and the time interval, which should be withstanding until the next stage of the work, depend on the specific brand and are indicated in the instructions.
If if it is necessary to make a bulk gender of greater thickness than you can apply in one method according to the instructions, the fill is carried out in several steps. It is necessary to withstand the interval between the stages for no less than a day, to primrate the previous layer and, if necessary, to give it a roughness.
Alignment of sex with litholiv mixtures. Preparation of base, preparation, fill and leveling of the solution.
Make the bulk floors with their own hands is quite simple, the most time consuming is the process of preparing the base. Cement and especially gypsum compositions have good fluidity, their surface distribution does not require extra effort. The main thing - when mixing the solution, follow the instructions and accurately observe the recommended water consumption, as well as maintain the desired microclimate in the room during the work.
With the help of self-leveling mixtures, the floor is quickly and efficiently. For the price, they exit much more expensive than the usual cement-sandy solution. Is it possible to make a bulk sex with your own hands and what materials will be required for this? You will find answers to these questions in our article.
Self-leveling dry compositions are manufactured by the chemical industry plants in a huge assortment. Real estate building material It is quite explained by its advantages over the traditional screed.
The bulk floors are designed in such a way that:
The composition of the bulk mixture depends on the variety of material. Produced:
Next Component - Mineral Fillers. If the quartz sand is used, then it should be a river or wet carefully sinking and peeled material from extraneous inclusions. In professional terminology - fractionated.
According to GOST 31358-2007, a product with a maximum grain size of up to 2.5 mm is used in the basic bulk floors. For finishing compositions, this indicator is calculated as ¼ from the thickness of the coating layer. On average - 0.25-0.6 mm.
For lightweight mixtures, low-specific fillers are used. Of these, you can make the floor indoors with weak or old carriage structures. Most often it is crushed ceramzite, perlite and other similar substances.
Finally, the last group is additives. As a rule, manufacturers do not use complex compositions, because it is impossible to predict the exact reaction of all elements in the bulk composition. The minimum set is plasticizers, modifiers, water reserves, defoamers, adhesives, vetsells of hardening.
Bulk self-leveling compositions are not in vain are considered the most complex and quality sensitive to the quality of raw materials with mixtures. Any component may affect the spreadability, the shrinkage value, sedimentation (bundle) and other parameters.
No enterprise or plant will never announce the accurate formulation of the mixture. The technologists and staff of the laboratories in the literal sense of milligrams choose the unique composition, the studies are held for years. Therefore, this information is a commercial secret.
On the Internet sites manufacturers of polymer additives, it is possible to find the so-called basic recipes of dry construction mixtures. For example, on the page of the "Velkom +" group of companies, such a composition of the bulk gender is given:
It seems everything is simple - mix and ready. But here are a lot of "pitfalls". What exactly portland cement? Brand, class, type, impurities, degree of hardening, grinding, material density?
Ask-Unnos - one of the components of the bulk sex.
Calcium carbonate (chalk) promotes convenientness, but it also requires more water. And in overdose, as you know, cement mortar Miscelled or a large amount of thththring is formed. As a result, the floor quickly cracks and swells. Is it more logical to replace it with a more "useful" additive?!
Polymer additives also cause questions. Are they needed in a liquid or dry state? In what order kneading, etc.
Similar information can be found on the website of EuroChem-1 CJSC
| Mineral components | Cement screed for primary floors | Portland cement self-leveling bulk floors | Self-leveling liquid plaster based floors | |
| Portland cement M500 D0. | 30,0 | 18,5 | 40,0 | — |
| CHINAL CEMENT (FONDU LAFARGE 40% AL2O3) | — | 11,5 | — | — |
| — | — | 7,8 | — | |
| Half Caso 4 '0.5 H 2 O | — | 6,5 | — | 43,0 |
| Limestone CACO 3 or quartz flour 10-20 microns | — | 19,4 | 10,0 | 10,0 |
| Quartz sand 0.1-0.4 mm | 20,0 | 40,7 | 35,2 | 42,0 |
| Quartz or limestone sand 0.4-2.0 mm | 39,0 | — | — | — |
| Crushed stone 2-8 mm | 10,0 | — | — | — |
| Additives | ||||
| Redisperseable copolymer powder Neolith P 5000 | — | 2,00 | 2,50 | 2,50 |
| MECELLOSE FMC 60150 cellulose esters | 0,02 | — | 0,05 | 0,05 |
| Stabilizer Starvis 3003 F | — | 0,02 | — | — |
| Superplastic MELMENT F 10 | 0.83 | — | — | — |
| Superplastic Melment F 15 G | — | — | — | 1,00 |
| Melflux 1641 F or 2651 F hyperplasticizers | — | 0,20 | 0,15 | — |
| Hibidan P or Metolat P 861 shrinkage compensator | — | 0,68 | — | — |
| Agitan R 803 or Defomex AP 122 ANTITENSP | 0,1 | 0,20 | 0,30 | 0,1 |
| Lithium carbonate | — | 0,10 | — | — |
| Wine acid | — | 0,20 | — | 0.15 |
| Pan Fiber RICEM 2.5 DTEX 4 mm | 0,05 | — | — | — |
| Expanding additive Denka CSA 20 | — | — | 4,00 | — |
| TOTAL: | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Water: | 23,0 | 20,0 | 22,0 | 18,5 |
The recipe from 15-21 components is impressive. But it is still necessary to find and acquire, and not in industrial, but a small packing. Orientation after all goes to a large-scale buyer of materials, not retail. Yes, and the cost of polymers is considerable. Therefore, manufacturers always try to choose a formulation so as to reduce the final product.
Construction polymer additives in the canisters.
Some readers may indicate that in separate regulatory acts (Gostas and Sniphes) you can find exemplary formulas and calculation techniques. According to the technologists themselves, there are errors in these documents, and serious. For example, in GOST 5802-86, the water-holding capacity is not allowed. Error can be up to 20%. Not less valid equipment.
Thus, it becomes clear - make the bulk floor at home with their own hands is not just hard - it is impossible! To do this, you need to be at least a technologist with experience or in the extreme case "ASA" concrete and cement science.
Above we did not just mention the equipment. Much has depends on the technological complex: the quality of the mixture, composition, and even shelf life.
Bulk floors are produced as follows:
Obviously, production technology is also not simple. With your own hands, it is almost impossible to repeat it at home. Therefore, it is better not to try to save, but to acquire ready-made high-quality bulk floors.
Tip! If you need repair masters, there is a very convenient service for their selection. Just send in the form below detailed description Works that need to be performed and offers to you will receive offers from prices from building brigades and firms. You can see the reviews about each of them and photos with examples of work. This is free and does not oblige anything.
Strong base of the floor is the key to the fact that the finishing coating will be very beautiful and last for many years (this is especially true of materials such as tile). The cement-sand band screed is the possibility of creating not only smooth and even, but also a solid base. However, work on her fill is not so simple, as they seem at first glance. We will figure it out how to create such a screed yourself.
The screed made of a solution that is cooked from sand and cement is almost an ideal even base that is suitable for laying absolutely any outdoor coating, Whether it is a tile, laminate, linoleum or parquet. It is with the help of such a screed that most often align the draft bases - concrete floors in homes, the floors of the brick and even simply create the base lying on the usual soil. On average, the thickness of the cement-sand tie varies from 3 to 8 cm. It can be more, but due to the large weight of the building solution used for the fill, when calculating the thickness of the screed, it is necessary to take into account the strength of overlaps.
The main tasks of the screed are not only in alignment of the surface, but also that it will redistribute the load tested by the floor, will create a solid base, will provide an opportunity to equip heat and waterproof layers and even in itself is an excellent option for heat and waterproofing. Inside this structure can be laid different kinds Communications, equip, etc.
On a note! Certain types of screeds called bulk pollswill help to realize the most brave design solutions. Such floors can be different color Or have a very interesting picture. Special compositions make it possible to create on the floor.
The cement-sand screed has a lot of advantages. This refers to its physical and physico-chemical indicators.
The advantages of a sandy cement screed.
But, like any other way of alignment of the floor, the cement-sand tie has its drawbacks, which should be needed before the installation work is carried out on the basis of this type of base. Cons of cement-sand tie are below.
In any case, correctly filled screed - it excellent option Basins for any type of finish coating. In addition, it is easily cleaned after drying during operation, even not covered with trim, and not afraid of water.
There are a large number of ways to make such a tie. However, it is possible to highlight the main - connected and unbound screed and floating.
Method tied ties It is used if the allowable layer of alignment may have a thickness of up to 4 cm. The base becomes like a single integer with the floor and walls. This version of the screed needed a thorough preliminary preparation of a draft base - all major holes, cracks, the cracks of the ceiling are close, all significant irregularities are removed as much as possible. If there are small tubercles or fumes on the surface of the overlap, they do not need it in the seal. Builders even recommend fresh laid overlaps artificially cutting, walking along them with a metal brush - thus, the clutch of the solution with the surface will be better.
A pouring solution of a screed must have a consistency of sour cream or cream for cakes. It turns out enough liquid and about 20 minutes after the fill will begin to gradually stick. Therefore, pour and make a screed need to have time for this time.
Attention! Large rooms It is usually poured in gradually, since one person is unable to quickly dissolve such a quantity of the mixture.
It can be carefully walking around the room the next day, but the duration of drying such a screed is great - up to 40 days. It is important to dry out such a reason correctly - it is impossible that water quickly evaporated from the layer, it must be released gradually, so the fresh screed is recommended to moisten with water and cover with the film.
there is screed unbound, on the contrary, mounted on the perfectly smooth surface. At the same time, the base should not have water-absorbing properties in order not to stretch moisture from the screed. The thickness of such a layer can reach 5 cm. The main difference from the previous species is that the primer is not used before filling such a screed. No methods that can increase the adhesion strength of the solution and rough base are also not applied.
Floor screed - mortar and grout
It is also often mounted so-called floating screed. It is usually used if its thickness should be 5-7 cm. The design of such a layer is distinguished by the fact that it is not even in contact with the rough base - on the contrary, layers of hydro and thermal insulation are stacked between the solution and it, various materialswhich will simply not allow the solution to gain a foothold at the overlap.
Attention! It is this type of screed strengthens most often with the help. Also in solution to increase its strength, reducing the risk of cracking and reducing the risk of shrinkage can be added.
Such a screed due to the high thickness could have the maximum weight, however, it is poured using the so-called semi-dry technology. That is, the solution is mixed using a small amount of water and reminds of the structure of wet sand.
fiber bulb for tie
Depending on which version of the screed is selected, the composition of the mixture for its manufacture is determined. The proportions of the two main components are selected depending on which brand cement will be used and what kind of sand. For the arrangement of the screed in the apartment is enough to use cement M200. The finished base will be able to withstand a significant load - about 200 kg / cm³. You can take 1 part of the M500 brand cement and mix it with 3 parts of the sand. And the water will need as much as it is necessary to achieve a solution of the required consistency. It is about 1 l per 1 kg of cement.
Attention! It is not necessary to add a lot of water, since the solution will become less qualitative.
It is very important to choose the right sand to create a solution. It should not contain (or at a minimum to contain) various inclusions - Il, clay, etc. These components negatively affect the strength characteristics of the finished tie. It is best to use river sand washed. Career sand is also suitable, but he is somewhat worse than the river due to the angular shape of the sand.
Table. Compositions of mixtures according to GOST when using cement M400, masses. h.
| Mark solution | Cement | Water | Sand |
|---|---|---|---|
| 150 | 1 | 0,55 | 3 |
| 200 | 1 | 0,48 | 2,8 |
| 300 | 1 | 0,4 | 2,4 |
