The first road surfaces appeared in the time of the Hatt of Kingdom, Assyria, the Empire of Achmenidov and further in the Roman Empire. By order of the emperors and the kings of the city, the roads were connected to roads from the paved polished stone and bricks. It greatly influenced trade, the possibility of moving their own troops, thereby strengthened the economy and increased the security of the country. But with the advent of heavy automobile transport, the stone roads became unsuitable and gradually collapsed under the influence of the wheels. For this reason, the stones began to replace to a more stable asphalt coating produced from petrochemistry products.
As a result, today you can see high-quality sustainable roads that do not need permanent maintenance. And every time you step on the road or go on the car, ask yourself a question: so how do asphalt do?
Interesting fact: In ancient Greece and Babylon, oil bunches used as a building material. It was added to the cement to increase the strength and strokeidity of future walls.
For the production of asphalt buy granite or volcanic crushed stone, minerals, bitumen and sand. After receipt of the plant, they are loaded into special devices for drying. The rotating drum, the belt conveyor operator serves separately sand and crushed stone. From the end of the installation is gas or diesel burnerwhich heats the walls of the drum.
Thus, drying is made inside the components of the future asphalt. For drying can also use installation with electrical heating. Upon completion of the process, crushed stone and sand are sent to clean up the drum installation called "Rage".
When cleaning, the components pass through the lattices and filters, sip from garbage, extraneous inclusions, large and small stones. After processing, they are loaded into the bunker. In these bunkers, the components retain the desired amount of time until the next step. With the help of computer remote control and electrical dampers, it is possible to measure the required amount of ingredients for the production of different types of asphalt.
The bitumen is made on specialized factories, and the production of asphalt will be brought already in the finished form. It is placed in the tank-boilers of huge sizes with electric heating, where it is gradually heated to a temperature of 110-120 ° C. Before production, it is moved to another boiler, where they are molding to operating temperatures at 150 ° C. Bitumen is the result of petrochemical production, because when he heated it is strictly followed by safety equipment. At a temperature of 150 - 160 ° C, it can ignore and lead to a long fire.
Prepared components enroll in special bunkers, from which the conveyor belt is entered into the mixing apparatus. Bitumen due to its specific properties is delivered separately through the pipeline. Sometimes, to maintain the temperature, the pipeline is equipped with insulating coating or heating system.
Some types of asphalt add stabilizing cellulose additive to increase its strength. All toxic pairs are displayed with a ventilation system with installed filters of purification of contaminated air. All production control occurs remotely from a computerized control panel.
Interesting fact: The first asphalt road appeared in the 1830s in England. Then it was applied for the first time for the sidewalks of the Parisian royal bridge.
All components are mixed when rotating in the heated drum. Under influence rotational motions and high temperatures, there is a full mixing of asphalt, until the required properties and consistency are obtained.
The finished product enters the container where a small part is selected for test control. Samples are tested for strength under the influence of press pressure and inspect its composition. After passing out, the asphalt is hot for the construction of roads with special cargo cars.
The finished asphalt will delight everyone who goes on it by car or walks on foot. Its solid and shock absorbing surface will save in integrity not one pair of legs and wheels.
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Mass construction cottages, cottages are inextricably linked with the improvement of the territory. Of course, the primary task, at the end of construction, is to improve the entrance and the track to the house, since moving along the knee in the dirt rainy afternoon - far from the preparing perspective. At the same time, put the tile - quite expensive and time-consuming occupation, concrete - relatively short-lived future, but put the asphalt, the price of which is significantly lower paving tile - A rather attractive option, and the installation process is pretty simple, so it will not affect the territory of the territory independently cause special difficulties. The main thing is to choose to choose the type of asphalt and keep the technology of its laying.
Despite the relative environmental friendliness of asphalt mixtures, the demand for this material is unlikely to come to no, as the advantages of asphalt in many criteria are superior to most of the similar materials, including:
Among the disadvantages of asphalt mixtures, an unpleasant value plays an unpleasant smell that appears in hot weather due to the release of toxic substances with a hot coating, although in most cases this nuance is simply lowered.
However, the manifestation of all the advantages of the asphalt cover is possible only in the case when you exactly own full information on how to put asphalt in the yard. Based on this, the initial task is to proper choice type asphalt relative to the conditions of its future operation.
Asphalt is a combination of mineral materials with bitumen. Depending on the method of obtaining it, asphalt is highlighted:
The main difference between the natural asphalt from the artificial asphalt concrete is due to the high content in the mixtures of the bitumen reaching 60-75%, which ensures increasing strength to laid asphalt. In an artificial asphalt, the percentage of bitumen varies from 13-60%, which explains its division into several subspecies used for various works and areas of destination.
Recently, the demand for asphalt products increases noticeably, so manufacturers constantly strive to improve the technological composition of raw materials and the method of its manufacture, which entails the emergence of new asphalt species.
To date, the following types of asphalt are manufactured:
1. The angry is made from the composition, including sand, mineral powder, liquid, or viscous bitumen, as well as crushed stone or gravel. Under the influence of high temperatures, all components are thoroughly mixed, forming a homogeneous mass. At the same time, the laying of asphalt is carried out immediately, within 4-5 hours from the date of manufacture of a certain volume. If the mass temperature drops below 120 ° C, the degree of clutch will decrease, worsening the quality of the coating.
Benefits:
Disadvantages:
2. Then, along with hot asphalt, it has similar composition, but is distinguished by a large content of bitumen and mineral fillers. The casting of cast asphalt concrete differs from other types of slight relief and a small layer thickness, with the performance of the hot and cold asphalt several times.
Benefits:
Disadvantages:
3. Color - may also relate to hot asphalt, and to cold, produced by heating the components with subsequent cooling and packaging for storage. Color asphalt is obtained as a result of the use of colored rubble, as well as introduction to a mixture of colored dyes.
Advantages:
However, due to the high cost, color asphalt is used mainly to apply a contrast pattern on the road, for marking tracks in parks, gardens.
4. Easy - is released by the use of non-viscous, and liquid bitumen, or a bitumen emulsion in such a way that the components of the mixture are packed in a bitumen film. During production, special additives are introduced into the mixture, preventing bitumen in the process of storing the finished mixture, as well as increase the warehousing period.
5. Asphalt crumb is a redemption resulting from:
Thus, the quality and cost of asphalt crumbs after milling exceeds the indicators of the material obtained by crushing.
In general, laying asphalt using crumb is simple, as a result of which the coating acquires the following advantages:
Disadvantages:
Despite the diversity of asphalt mixtures, the same species may have different purposes, depending on the size of the fractions included in it:
Thus, choosing one or another look to put asphalt at the cottage, in the yard or near the garage, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the financial side of the issue, but also composition, as well as the method of production of the mixture.
After choosing the type of asphalt, answer the question of how to put asphalt with your own hands, it is already quite simple, because it remains to prepare the basis and produce direct laying of the mixture.
Before laying asphalt, you must perform the following work:
If the territory is used to arrive in transport, then the layer of rubble and sand should be increased by another 10 cm.
The direct laying of asphalt is as follows:
The path asphalted the track, the sufficient coating layer is 4-5 cm, and if transportation will be transported to the territory, then 8-10 cm.
Thus, to the question of how to properly put asphalt, you can answer this: choose the type of asphalt, comply with the technology of preparing the base and lay asphalt coating. It is also worth noting that a minor retreat from some items of technology can lead to loss asphalt of its properties and a smaller period of its operation.
The reliability of the asphalt coating depends on use in a mixture of high-quality components, their uniform mixing, maintain temperature regime during manufacturing and storage. In addition, the planned place of laying asphalt coating should be as close as possible to the place of its production so that the time for the transportation of material is minimal.
The main advantages of laying asphalt are to:
The disadvantages of the asphalt concrete consider:
At the same time, despite the presence of serious shortcomings, the price alternative to the asphalt concrete has not yet been found. The path of paving slabs will be markedly more expensive.
Work on improving the quality and versatility of the material is carried out in the framework of the selection of more efficient mixtures. Good indicators gives the addition of polymer mixtures and a decrease in the volumetric share of bitumen.
The first asphalt was made on the basis of natural bitumen. Then they began to apply bitumen obtained by distillation of oil, when heated liquid hydrocarbons. Today is the most common binder for the manufacture of the asphalt mixture.
Sand, gravel or crushed stone in asphalt play the role of the main working fillers. The sand is necessary for a more uniform distribution of pressure inside the asphalt layer and filling the voids between the individual stones. Together with bitumen, he connects larger factions of the stone, keeps them and does not allow them to go upstairs outside the layer.
Fractions of gravel and rubble define the asphalt concrete group and its application. All asphalt coatings are conventionally divided into three density groups depending on the sizes used:
Such a porosity distribution determines the ability of the asphalt to skip moisture and remove it into the drainage layer for further removal into the ground. Therefore, highly true material is harder to lay, but its operational period is much larger.
Mineral fillers are added finely chopped to powder state chalk, limestone or sandstone. They fill the last residual emptiness and make an asphalt track more homogeneous. And the best mineral filler is made from sandstone, as a chemically neutral substance.
When the rubber crumb is added, shredded to dimensions 1.0-1.5 mm, plasticity and hydraulic stability increases. Therefore, the asphalt with it is often used to cover the roof of workshops industrial enterprises. Asphalt concrete S. rubber crumb Less often cracks and has spring properties.
Polymer grid reinforcement. Polymer additives in the form of reinforcing plastic fibers significantly increase the strength of the material. It uses such a cooking technology only for the most responsible sites. The strength of the asphalt track can also be increased by adding cement to it, but in this case, it is impossible to use limestone as a fine filler.
Asphalt manufactured with their own hands does not allow it to apply it for laying roads and urban streets. However, such material can be effectively used for arrangement. garden tracks or low weight loading sites during operation. For the manufacture of asphalt with your own hands you will need:
Prepare in badge or concrete mixer dry mix of sand with gravel in a 1: 2 ratio by volume. Install the barrel on the stand and raise the fire under it. Pour the water bucket inside.
At the same time, put a bucket filled with a third of the water to another fire. When water in the bucket starts to throw, put the bitumen in it for heating and melting. Pull the sump mixture in the barrel. Boiling water in the bucket and in barrel will provide maintenance of the temperature regime 100 ° C.
Push up in a barrel of a rubbed sandy mixture and wait for the water boils. Create bitumen in water before melting the bitumen and gradual watering of water. Then reclose the melted bitumen in a barrel with a rubbed-sandy mixture and start actively mixed. Stirring is recommended to produce metal pipe Or another durable item. At the time of transfusion in the barrel must be boiling water, it is impossible to pour hot bitum in cold water.
The ratio of the volume of bitumen to the volume of rubbed-sand mixture is approximately 1:15. More accurate asphalt density can only be identified visually.
In order to improve the plasticity of the asphalt mass, simplifying mixing and facilitating the subsequent laying, you can use a special or liquid detergent. The plasticizer is added according to the instructions in accordance with the instructions, the liquid detergent at the rate of 1 cup by 40-50 liters of asphalt.
As soon as the water is popping, homemade asphalt is ready and can be laid on the track. If at this point you do not finish preparatory work, then again add water to the barrel. At the same time, note that you can only add boiling water, cold waterFucking on a hot surface can instantly boil and lead to burns.
Work on the laying with their own hands begin with planning solutions and markup. At this stage of work, it is necessary to clearly define:
While determining the location of the track should take into account the presence of possible underground engineering communications, location garden trees and the direction of sludge for the drain water. After making decisions, you need to score pegs around the perimeter of the future asphalt coating, defining its exact contours.
According to the marked contour, it is necessary to dig up, the so-called "trough" or a trench, a depth of 15 cm. At its bottom to lay a layer, which will prevent the germination of weed plants and will allow moisture to freely go to the lower layer of soil.
Install and secure the border and fall asleep "trough" to the top of the rubble. The surface must be carefully tumped. The durability of the asphalt coating depends on the quality of the traam.
Next, you should buy asphalt or prepare it yourself and to wall on top of the rubble layer with a thickness of 4-5 cm at a time. Pre-alignment can be carried out inverted rakes or wooden mop.
In the level of alignment, it is necessary to check the availability of sludges with building level. The seal of the asphalt concrete layer on the garden path is best done.
It should be noted that the process of laying asphalt depends on weather conditions. These works should not be made at negative temperatures and in crude rainy weather.
The need for cash savings in the repair and construction of new roads with asphalt coating led to the development of an effective recycling system (recycled materials). In this case, the processing of asphalt removed from the road surface is carried out, both in stationary factory conditions and in mobile equipment at the place of work.
According to this technology, the asphalt concrete coating is removed using a special mechanism with a mechanical cutter - remixer. Further, the remote material is crushed to the rubble fraction and can be used to prepare dry mixtures when the road base and swelling of country highways and roads.
Foundation for asphalt. According to the second technology, assembled and crushed material is laid in the oven and heated without access to the fire up to 170 ° C with the addition of the required amount of fresh bitumen and additives. This processing method is widespread during the repair of urban streets and courtyards, since the price, manufacture and laying of asphalt in this case is significantly lower.
The old pavement from the asphalt mixture allows the home master to equip on panstone Comfortable and accurate pedestrian paths from asphalt, which may well be replaced by paving slabs. Such asphalt, made by your own hands, can also be used, for example, to cover the floor in the garage or in front of it.
Only the upper bitumen layer is necessary to remove. Shot material is required as much as possible to split into pieces. The maximum fraction should not exceed 40 mm.
Each manufacturer of building materials is obliged to issue asphalt buyer certificate of compliance of product quality by state standards. To do this, the plant should have a certified laboratory, which can carry out the necessary test complex. In addition, in all major cities there are independent laboratories to verify the quality of construction and manufacturing materials.
At the construction site, the check occurs by drilling the core of a given diameter from the roadway followed by the restoration of the road surface. Externally, the quality of the brought asphalt can be determined by its temperature and the presence of a black oily film on the surface.
Historians argue that the first mention of something similar to the asphalt concrete appeared in the 6th century BC in Babylon. But technologies of those times were not reliable, plus overly costly, as a result of such roads forgot to the twentieth century. The construction of asphalt concrete coatings in Russia began in 1928 and until now it is the prevailing.
Photo of styling country road.
This composition is used everywhere, starting with the laying of federal routes and ending with the arrangement of urban areas and garden tracks in private construction.
According to GOST and SNiP, the device of the asphalt concrete coating may be different.
But the total composition of the mixture, for more than 100 years it remains unchanged:
In those days, when the composition was developed, the bitumen was used natural, but since it is not enough in nature, an artificial analogue based on oil refining products has been synthesized, which is still successfully applied by road workers around the world.
The sand takes career, as for a large filler, along with various types of rubble for concrete, crushed rock rocks and some crystallized slags are widely used.
Natural mineral or synthetic additives are used to increase certain useful properties of the coating. In particular, frost resistance increases, road clutch level, viscosity coefficient and much more.
Bituminous resin.
The range of presented species is quite wide, depending on the percentage ratio of the components, as well as on which additives were used, experts share asphalt for the following varieties.
Small agile asphalt.
Cutting.
The manufacture of the road surface is considered to be difficult and inaccessible. But, nevertheless, there are enthusiasts who are ready for experiments. Of course, such formulations are not designed for the federal route, but in the country it is quite realistic to prepare such asphalt with their own hands.
Tip: According to the experience, it can be said that a mixture prepared by a handicraft method, of course, is suitable for gardening concrete trackBut more often it is used to repair chosel on the already finished coverage.
Temperature of laying composition.
For preparation we need the usual river or career sand, bitumen resin or bitumen and crushed stone shallow fraction. The equipment will need a metal barrel and bucket.
Cooking asphalt is better at the fire, as it is unsafe and expensive to use the gas.
Manual laying.
IMPORTANT: Be careful, at 80 ºС bitumen melts, and at 100 - 120 ºС it boils. But already at 170 ºС, bitumen can ignite.
Actually, in order to prevent such fire, we use water.
Disassembly of asphalt concrete coatings and reason can become good material To prepare a new asphalt.
Technology partly resembles the previous version, but with some amendments.
Cold asphalt.
The two above described methods are well suited for the economical repair of spoiled asphalt in the yard or near the courtyard. If you need to get an area with a large quadrature, we advise you to use cold asphalt.
On the market of our country, this coverage appeared about 5 years ago. The principle of operation here is similar to well-known cold welding. The binding is used modified bitumen, so that it can be laid even at minus temperatures. The instruction is on the package.
Manual vibrotrambovka.
The only minus of this material is a significant price. But, as the asphalt is known from the plant, it is released with hot and stacked should also be hot. Therefore, for remote places, the cold polymer asphalt is the only alternative.
Important: When repairing the road surface, the problem is a high-quality joint of the joint in the asphalt concrete coating.
Cold asphalt based on polymers completely solves this problem, since it is securely joined with any bitume-based composition.
Cold asphalt section.
Construction of asphalt concrete covers The case is responsible and not so important will you launch yourself or hire professionals. The laying and acceptance of the asphalt concrete coating is conducted on SNiP 2.07.01-89, as well as for a number of guests.
To understand these documents, only by a specialist, so we outlined the main provisions of these rules and rules more understandable.
Road laying scheme with medium load.
Any work begins with marking. You need to clearly decide where the asphalt will be laid. Where the border will be mounted, and what it will be. It is also very important to take care in advance that the drainage, drain system is fully mounted and drainaged.
All work on the installation of underground communications by this time should be completely over. If you are equipping the territory of parking or access roads to the office, then it is better to know in advance where city communications are held, since, if necessary, municipal services will hand over your coverage and can still be a fine.
Above mentioned about the varieties and purpose of existing asphalt species. So, at the preparation stage, you need to choose which material you are going to lay.
Work of vibrating plates.
Important: Estimation on the asphalt coating device should contain not only the data on the value of the material and the amount of work.
It will be useful to include transportation costs in it, as well as leave a graph on unforeseen expenses, such as permission to carry out work from the relevant official or service.
In the event that a pedestrian path or a platform with an episodic passage of passenger cars is stacked, then a rubberous gravel pillow can be made thick up to 15 cm. The thickness of the asphalt concrete coating will be located within 4 - 5 cm.
If you equip a gas station or any access roads, according to which, with a large share of probability, a heavy truck will periodically pass, then in this case the thickness of the gravel pillow will be about 25 - 35 cm. Plus the asphalt itself is laid at a minimum of 2 layers.
Heavy rink.
After marking, the arrangement of the so-called trough or pitted under the road begins. In the urban art or private construction, as a rule, roads and platforms are made approximately at the same level, so the soil must be chosen completely to the entire thickness of the "Road Pie". The federal routes are seen by several different technology, but we will not stop on it.
When the soil is selected, the entire platform should be well tumped, it is done with a roller or vibrating plates. Pay attention to the presence of trees nearby, the roots can break the asphalt over time, so they, if possible, better remove immediately. Although the price of work will be somewhat increased, we advise you to store the soil geotextile, so that the vegetation did not break through the coverage.
Mobile installation for thermophilizing asphalt.
IMPORTANT: At this stage, borders are installed, they play the role of a kind of formwork for the "Road Pie". If the border is placed below the road level below the road, then, on the contrary.
In this regard, it is necessary to immediately plan the drains for water removal.
Now you can proceed to the sinking of the cushion pillow. For pedestrian tracks with a pillow thickness 10 - 15 cm, 1 layer of rubble fraction 30 - 40 mm is enough. More powerful bases are stacked in several layers.
The bottom layer is used for drainage in case of lifting groundwaterIt is poured with a large rubble with a fraction of 40 - 70 mm. The next layer of a fraction of 20 - 40 mm will be responsible for the uniform distribution of the load on the base of the road.
Road reinforcement by a polymer mesh.
The final layer of sucking is made of fine gravel fraction 5 - 20 mm. It will also be responsible for the load distribution, but in addition, it will turn the pillow into a dense, monolithic design.
All stacked layers should be tightly tamped. For serious coatings, road rollers are used in weight from 2, to 10t. Each ball of the outer is compacted separately, the rink must go along it at least 5 times, plus in modern road rims there is a function of vibropress, which increases efficiency several times. In the process of tamping, the surface must be regularly water.
Tip: In the process of Tambrovka, you need to immediately take into account the angle of inclination of the road, on average it is made about 1º per 1store meter.
To do this, it should be periodically checked with marking or denominations.
Laying the federal route.
After grabbing the pillows, you can proceed directly to laying asphalt. As stated earlier for sidewalks and outdoor territories It is enough to lay a fine-grained layer of up to 50 mm. Severe road rollers are also not required, you can do with a light rink or vibratory.
Note!
This type of lowering coatings are not recommended to lay in places for recreation.
More serious objects are pulled out in 2 layers. In this case, the lower layer is placed by coarse-grained asphalt to the level 40 - 50 mm. It is almost immediately imposed by a fine-grained composition, which in most cases is finishing.
Currently, technologies are developed according to which a reinforcing grid of polymeric materials should be laid between the layers of hot asphalt. As a result, the durability and strength of such a road increases at times. This technology is used when laying federal trails and roads with high load.
Comprehensive location of the road.
Important: Restoration of the asphalt concrete coating is most often done only with the help of a hot bitumen. The thermoplating of asphalt concrete coatings should be performed on GOST.
This procedure provides for preliminary heating of the road leaf to a depth of 2 - 5 cm.
The mixture should be delivered to the object, as a rule, it is brought by dump trucks with a loading capacity of 7-20 tons. After which the asphalt is manually or by machine method is evenly distributed on the plane of the road, observing the slope. On average, 1 tons of asphalt is spent on a 10m² of road leaf with a thickness of 40 mm.
Construction of asphalt coatings process meteo-dependent. In the cold season, that is, at temperatures below +5 ºС, it is not recommended to produce work at all. Plus, during the rain or in crude weather, the installation quality decreases significantly, as the composition is moisturized and cooled faster.
Aggregate for removing the old coating.
We outlined common basic principles High-quality asphalt laying, but science does not stand still and technology are complemented and improved. On the video in this article, you can consider the process of laying asphalt in more detail.
Source: https://masterabetona.ru/vidy/718-Asfaltobetonnoe-pokrytie.
https: //www..com/watch? v \u003d ppc4e1v4uuk
The main terms this material It is crushed stone, ordinary river sand, bituminous resin, as well as polymer materials for laying on the surface. The last component is not always used, as it is expensive, apply mainly in the construction of motorways and highways. Despite the fact that all components can be found in the shed, make a road surface at the cottage will be slightly difficult. It should be seriously prepared for this process.
We need a container for mixing the "ingredients", the focus of fire (bonfire can) for 6-8 hours continuously, about 100 liters of water to cool the suspension, as well as one of the hubblers so that everything is kept in a heap. Its role can play a resin or bitumen (preferable). Consider step by step instructions for the manufacture.
Step 1 Press the container.
First of all, it is necessary to make a prototype of concrete mixers, because "kill" an expensive and useful subject will be irrational. For our purposes, a metallic barrel from under oil is suitable or diesel fuelwhich sell a corporate product.
If you have no such, you can buy for a penny (or borrow free of charge) from any farmer or in the company itself, which spills oil into the retail container. They are often thrown into scrap metal like waste production. We close the lid, in the center from the bottom drills by an electric hole drill. Take a metal rod (pipe, corner, square, etc.
) and choose inverter welding so that there is no course anywhere. To one of the edges welded a M-shaped twist, the "spit" is obtained.
Step 2 The mixer components.
We smear rubble to our "concrete mixer", add a bit of sand there (2: 1), we are thoroughly mixed. It is impossible to recruit wet building materials - they will immediately stick out, and they will be very difficult to disembark them from the metal walls.
Step 3 Take bitumen and polymer additives.
In a separate container (it is best to take a 15-liter bucket), we need to heat the bitumen to boil, you can add shampoo for better elasticity. It then burns out, but it will be more convenient to interfere. There are also add polymers and plasticizers.
Step 4 Weching everything in a bunch.
Here you do not need a lot of fantasy, just take and add boiling bitumen to a pre-warm barrel with rubble and sand. Important: You can not mix if the barrel and all components are not prohibited - bitumen will cool quickly and it will be unrealistic. For convenience, you can add 50 liters in the water barrel and bring to a boil. After that, pour bitumen and mix until the water evaporates.
The boiling point of water is 100 degrees, just as much as we need for bitumen to make it flowable and sticky. Remember that it is impossible to overheat this material - it flammives at a temperature of 170 degrees, so watch the water. Just ended - pour!
Step 5 Point into the pits.
The area in which you will pour asphalt, you need to carefully clean, it is desirable to blow the compressor. After the hot mixture is fought, you need to take a roller or any other tool (tamping) and compact the material. Be sure to moisten the metal tool metal so that it does not stick to the bitumen during the tamper.
If you adhere to the instruction, the manufacture of asphalt at home will be safe, fast and even very interesting!
Most recently, a fairly interesting product was hit by the territory of Russia - polymer asphalt. Its feature is that it is possible to lay it absolutely at any temperature. Tests showed excellent viscosity and stickiness even at -20c, which makes it possible to repair the road or make an entrance to the country even in winter.
It includes the flowing bitumen of the brand of SG or MG 70/130, characterized by increased viscosity. Also contain special plasticizers and modifiers acting similarly to "cold welding". Due to this, you can even at a negative temperature to get a great result. The tracks will have increased strength and will serve much longer than ordinary asphalt. Technology has been introduced for more than 5 years in Russia, and now everyone can buy such a material.
It makes no sense to look for how to make asphalt with your own hands, since the cold technology implies a high-tech manufacturing process under pressure and is not available at home. Its cost is much higher than the usual road surface, so it is rarely used in industry.
But each dacket can buy the desired amount for the manufacture of paths in the garden or a small entrance for the car. You can buy in the usual store. Installation does not require special knowledge: just pour the mixture to the right place and compact any in a convenient wayEven the tires of the car.
Another very popular method to improve the plot without special investment is the use of old road surface as the main raw material for the manufacture of a new one. To do this, we will need about 100 kg of old coating, which are thrown out when repairing the highway, fresh bitumen, 10 kg of resin for elasticity and hardener for concrete. Consider step by step what to do.
we produce a concrete mixer using an electric drill, butter barrels and twists as described in the first section of the article.
Step 2 Give components.
Hammer must be broken up all the big pieces remaining from the old road. Check that the fraction of all components is fine, up to 40 mm. There, add some sand, all mix. We begin to heat the barrel with an old asphalt placed in it, pour 60-70 liters of water, bring to a boil and "cook soup".
Step 3 Prepare a solution for adding.
Now is the time to take care of the liquid component. Since the old road surface already contains a bit of bitumen, then it will take it 50% less. That is, we take 100 kg of material somewhere 10 kg bitumen and 10 kg of resin, heated to a boil. Then we transfix all this into a heated barrel with other components, we thoroughly mix the metal twist.
Homemade asphalt from free components is ready. Now it remains to pour into pre-cleaned pits or on the platform prepared for laying. Such a material will serve you more than one year and it will not be worse than the "branded".
Source: https://sevparitet.ru/sostav/sostav-sfalt-svoimi-rukami.html.
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Gentlemen, Does any of you sign with the process and methodology for making asphalt at home? In particular, I ask to reveal the topic completely: what should be the composition, the method of cooking and what tools will need. Thank you!
Now the asphalt can just buy, have time to pay only money, they will bring hot, only time to ram. Although expensive, but it does not go much. And cook yourself - only your health is coffin.
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To make asphalt independently need to know several details that will help avoid injury on time. The main material for asphalt is crushed stone, resin and sand. In addition, we need polymer materials with which the surface is placed.
At first glance, make asphalt independently not at all, but before, you need to begin to prepare for this process. First you need to find the container in which all ingredients will be mixed. Also need a small bonfire, which should burn at least 8 hours. In order to cool the suspension, you need to prepare about 100 liters of water.
In order for all the materials to be held among themselves, you need to use a kleuister in the form of a resin or bitumen.
To date, there is another type of asphalt - cold, that is, polymer. The main advantage is that its laying is carried out at any temperature. Using testing it was found that the viscosity of this asphalt is maintained even at -15. It is this fact that gives huge advantages to this type of asphalt, as it allows you to repair roads at any time and weather. For such styling, special equipment is used, including you can use such a service as a ground roller rental.
1. Preparation of container.
First of all, it is necessary to make a certain item that would perform the work of concrete mixers. To do this, you can apply the iron barrel. From above it is necessary to cover with a lid, and at the bottom in the very center of the drill you need to drill a hole. Then you need to turn a thin pipe or rod and cut your welding so that the barrel does not flow. To one of the edges of the pipe, you need to privar the rod of the M-shaped form and it turns out the spit.
2. In the homemade concrete mixer, we fall asleep crushed stone, and the sand on the principle of 2: 1 and mix well. Do not pour the wet mixes, as they dry very quickly and it is difficult to pick it up.
3. The bitumen needs to be heated in another container. For this, the bucket will fit better. Heating to boiling you need to add polymers. To the bitumen, it is necessary to add some shampoos elastic. As a result of boiling, it will be fused, and the mixture becomes much easier.
4. Hot bitumen needs to be added to the barrel, where the sand and crushed stone will warm up. In no case do not need to flood bitumen in a cold barrel, as it will quickly freeze.
5. Before pouring asphalt, pits need to clean well. In addition, with the help of the compressor, you can blow all the unnecessary garbage. Bay hot mix into the pit, you need to use the material with the help of the roller. In order for the tool does not stick to the bitumen you need to moisten with water.
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Many owners of suburban real estate admit the idea of \u200b\u200bmaking asphalt with their own hands. However, in order to obtain a reliable road covering very important to take into account the operational characteristics of the site, as well as comply with all the requirements technological process To obtain high-quality canvas.
Asphalt or more precisely asphalt concrete is a multicomponent material that includes the following ingredients:
Sometimes polymer additives are introduced into the asphalt concrete, capable of providing its high performance characteristics, however, due to high costs, they are extremely rare.
In order for the asphalt to be made with his own hands fully performed the functions assigned to it, it is very important to comply with the material manufacturing technology and adhere to the recommendations on the laying. The first step in this direction is definitely preparation.
So what we need to prepare all necessary components (sand, crushed stone, bituminous resin); Ensure the possibility of "preparation" of the composition: a large metal container and heat source will be required (a bonfire is usually used). And also stock large amount of water as a means of protection (to limit combustion).
Now everything is in order.
The first thing to take care is to make a container for mixing the components, because you agree to use traditional concrete mixer for the production of asphalt - unjustified luxury.
As a capacity, a metal barrel is fully justified (150 - 200 liters), to the bottom of which it is necessary to weld the M-shaped handle and ensure the possibility of turning the device around its own axis. By the way, how to make a concrete mixer can be read here.
In parallel with this in a separate container (a large bucket is usually used) to melt the construction bitumen. Performing this work should be very scrupulous and take into account the possibility of inflammation of the resin (sand and water should be next to the need for extinguishing).
A further step is to mix the bitumen with sand and rubble, for which a heated resin is simply poured into a barrel with bulk substances and are thoroughly mixed (by turning). However, by performing the specified part of the work, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the barrel and components in it should be well warmed. After all, otherwise the material will cool down quickly, and it will not work high-quality mixing.
A good indicator of the readiness of the solution is water. After all, if pour into a barrel with bitumen, sand and rubble hot waterAnd then warm up the entire substance can be achieved good indicators. Well, about the readiness of the asphalt will speak the full evaporation of the liquid from the barrel.
Of course, to pour the asphalt concrete-maped asphalt on the unprepared foundation is not justified. In view of which before laying the material, it is desirable to clean the place of work from garbage, dust or even blow air.
After that, the preheated asphalt is poured into the desired area and its seal is performed using a manual roller or tamping. It should be noted that to minimize the grains of the material to the tool, it is desirable to moisten with water.
After solidification, the asphalt is suitable for use.
Recently, the owners of the suburban real estate are increasingly used to arrange a cold type asphalt.
This product is implemented in a prepaid for use and is a mixture of fluid bitumen, polymer fillers and modifiers (ensure the solidification process).
Moreover, it is precisely such a product that can be easily laid under negative temperatures, which cannot be done with the traditional material. Whereas the performance characteristics and the price parameters of the specified material are very higher than the conventional asphalt.
The method of laying cold asphalt is practically no different from the above version and is reduced to the fact that the finished material is poured in the desired place and tram with the help of rubbing or wheels of the car.
Recently, the old (cut) asphalt concrete remains increasingly after repairing road coverage. It turns out that it is also possible to make high-quality road surface.
And all that for this it is necessary is to smash the pieces of old asphalt into small fractions and lay the layer in the required location of about 10 cm. In the final, the stony basis should be rolled by the road roller.
It should be noted that the specified work should be carried out in warm weather with the purpose of the resin, which is melted in a cut asphalt, and filled all empties.
And we offer the appropriate video in the final.
Garden paths should be not only beautiful, but also reliable. Exist different materials For their paving, but many of them are expensive. The most economical option should be assumed, there will be track asphalting.
To understand how to put asphalt with your own hands, you need to get acquainted with the peculiarities of this process.
By the method of obtaining, asphalt is highlighted:
Asphalt products are popular, so manufacturers improve its composition and manufacturing methods. Thanks to this, new varieties of artificial raw materials appear.
It consists of gravel, mineral powder, viscous bitumen and sand. In the production, the components are mixed under the influence of high temperatures, and a homogeneous black mass is obtained.
It is necessary to lay it in a few minutes after the manufacture, since when cooled, the clutch level with the surface deteriorates and the low-quality coating is obtained.
It differs from the other types of the fact that it uses liquid bitumen, not viscous. In the manufacture of resinous mass, components that slow down the bitch bitumen are added.
The composition includes the same components as in hot asphalt. However, the result contains twice as many mineral powder and bitumen. Distinctive features Coatings - small thickness and relief. Performance features 2-3 times higher than the indicators of other types.
It can be attributed to cold and hot asphalt, as it is made in the same way. The composition includes colored dyes and crushed stone, due to which the resinous mass and received its name.
There are two ways of its manufacture: crushing and milling of old layers of asphalt. The quality of the crumb depends on the cutter and the composition of the processed mixture.
How to put asphalt
The material is actively used to create summer paths, since it has a multitude of useful qualities:
There are disadvantages that manifest themselves while using asphalt on the country area:
The laying of asphalt begins with the preparation. It is performed in several stages.
First, the markup is made and the thickness of the rubble cushion with asphalt coating is determined.
It is necessary to accurately understand what thickness will need to be laid.
Updating the coating of the yard, it is enough to pour 10-20 cm of sand and put a layer of asphalt at 5-7 cm. When asphalting of the private house's access road is made more durable coating. The thickness of the rubble pillow should not be less than 40 cm. The asphalt must be put in two layers with a total thickness of 15-20 cm.
Before performing land work, the territory is checked for vegetation with large roots, from which you need to get rid of.
In a place where the asphalt will be laid, the top layer of the Earth is shovel. When conducting more large-scale works, it will not work manually and will have to take advantage of the special equipment. Excess ground is exported so that during the rain he is not climbed on the passage. At the end of the process, the prepared land plot is compacted by a rink.
After the completion of land work on the compacted section of the Earth, crushed stone in several layers is poured. First you need to pour larger stones, and then lay small. Each crushed stone layer has its purpose:
Large crushed stone is necessary in laying asphalt
During the styling of rubble for water flow, a small bias is made towards the soil or water collectors.
The base laid the base is compacted by a rink. It should ride on the surface of about five times. When asphalting a large yard, it is recommended to use a rink with a mass of about 3-4 tons and built-in vibration function. This will allow you to qualitatively compact the surface. Sometimes the special equipment can not get to some places and instead use vibrating plates.
After creating a chicted base, you can start laying. For this, the material of different graininess is used. At home, prepare a high-quality resinous mixture is difficult, so it is better to purchase it. The benefits of using the factory mixture refers:
To put asphalt in the yard, it is necessary to use fine-grained material. It is placed in one layer with a thickness of 5-7 cm.
When creating an access road, the material is placed in several layers. The bottom is small asphalt, and from above - large. The coating is tamped by a rink and is poured by bitumen for a better connection of the layers.
To figure out how to properly put asphalt on an old coating, you need to familiarize yourself with some nuances.
The process of preparing the area changes slightly if the work is carried out on the asphalted surface. In this case, it is not necessary to carry out land work and it is enough to repair the old coating. It is completely cleaned of garbage and dirt, after which damage to the surface is flooded with bitumen, and a new asphalt layer is stacked.
Over time, the asphalt paths are destroyed. The reasons for this may be different:
Also instead of asphalt can be used concrete screed or paving slabs.
Laying asphalt with their own hands is a difficult job with which it is difficult to cope without preparation. During asphalting, you need to observe all technological nuances, on which the strength and durability of the coating depends.
