Kostya9 Participant of FORUMHOUSE
To implement the idea, profile network resources were studied on the topic of forms and the portal forum, on the topic of the process itself - necessary equipment, raw material base, production technology. As it turned out, plastic and other forms are available, whatever you want, the main materials remained from the construction site, and the existing units require relatively simple, feasible refinement. Unforeseen complications arose only with the purchase of the 500th cement - due to low demand, local traders simply did not have it, they had to go to a neighboring town.
To make the tile as strong as possible, a circular saw was redone for the vibration table - the working surface was replaced with a heavy plate (with springs from nine racks), under the plate - a vibration motor. A typical concrete mixer for preparing a solution, ready-made polymer forms, with an imitation of the surface of sandstone, for drying - an old refrigerator, placed sideways.
The ratio of the proportions of concrete was also selected on the forum.
In addition to the existing dropout, washed river sand and purchased cement of the required grade, a plasticizer was required for the tile, the choice fell on SP-1. This is a universal additive that improves the characteristics of the mortar, its use increases the mechanical strength of concrete, reduces the number of pores on the surface, gives smoothness and increases the vibration efficiency. Although dreamed of colored tiles, the cost of the dye and white cement, to obtain a rich color, we made do with a natural, gray tint.
The mixing proportions are as follows:
Mixing technology:
The consistency of the solution turns out to be quite thick, reminiscent of wet earth - this is a conscious choice, although many prefer to work with more fluid solutions.
Kostya9
Liquid concrete, that liquid mud– no strength.
The molds pre-lubricated with engine oil (in the corners, with a brush) are exposed on a vibrating table. The mortar must be filled evenly.
Processing time is from three to seven minutes. Vibration should not only compact the mixture, but also expel air bubbles from it. In the process of processing, the forms change places and rotate around their axis - so that the effect is uniform. As it shrinks, the mortar is added until the form is filled to the end, you can tap it with your hand to ensure that there are no voids left. From the vibrating table, the forms are sent for more than a day (25-30 hours) to the dryer. On the advice of the members of the branch, the old refrigerator, also known as the drying chamber, was turned over from the side, onto the "back", this greatly simplified the process of laying and removing the product.
After this period, the finished tile easily loses its shape thanks to the lubrication, and thanks to the ongoing hydration processes that keep the raw material hot. If you overexpose the tile and it cools down, it will be more difficult to get it out of the plastic - you will have to pour boiling water over it so that the plastic expands. However, if you overexpose it not for a couple of hours, but for a couple of days, and it has time to cool completely, it will be difficult to remove it, even using boiling water.
Having stuffed his hand on a square tile, the craftsman switched to curly and decided to use chromium oxide as a dye.
The first test of adding a dye at the rate, at the rate of 1% of the binder (170 grams per batch), practically did not give any result. It was not a color that appeared, but a light, almost imperceptible shade, so the dosage was doubled, which gave the desired greens. Like the plasticizer, the dye was previously diluted in water.
Commander FORUMHOUSE Participant
He covered the barn, the yard, the paths to the greenhouses with tiles of his own making. Very good and profitable!
And in this case, a homemade vibrating table was used. Here's a recipe for anyone interested:
For household purposes - paths in the barn, in the garage, along the edges, the Commander makes a large, square tile 50x50 cm in size, and for decorative paths resembling sidewalks - figured. The molds, as in the first version, are polymeric, soft - unlike hard plastic ones, they do not break for several years.
The composition of the solution and the proportions for the batch:
Water is poured into a working mixer, a plasticizer is added, the next is gravel, and after wetting the gravel, cement. When the mixture is homogeneous, screenings are added. The commander does not add sand, as there is a large amount of dust in the screenings, which replaces it and prevents the formation of voids. Forms are lubricated with palm oil before use, and as soon as they become dirty, they are easily washed with Karcher. But they become contaminated if the technology is violated and the tiles cannot withstand the prescribed day, so it is better not to rush.
Paving slabs, paving stones are a popular, easy-to-use and affordable material for the design of sidewalks, paths, platforms, elements landscape design on the street, in a park, in a garden, on a personal plot. It has many advantages and a wide range of applications, since it is an inexpensive, easy-to-manufacture and safe environmentally friendly coating.
It is not difficult to make paving slabs, the technology is quite simple and allows you to get a variety of shapes, sizes and colors as a result. The production process can be sequentially divided into stages:
The most simple and suitable, including for home use, is a vibration casting technology using plasticizing additives. This does not require large expenditures on equipment; if you have the skills, you can make it yourself. The result is a low-porous concrete paving stone with a dense texture and an even surface. This is exactly achieved with vibration casting, when concrete is compacted under the influence of electromechanical vibrators on a special vibration table.
Since the tiles are concrete, first of all, you need a concrete mixer, preferably a forced type, that is, acting on the principle of a mixer. You will also need a vibrating table, casting molds and lubrication for them, concrete mix.
Molds for different sizes and configurations can be purchased freely. On sale they are rubber (they are the most durable, withstand up to 500 castings), plastic and polyurethane (about 200 production cycles). There is a great variety of them, manufacturers can also make them to order, be it shapes with a pattern, a specific surface texture or shapes for glossy paving slabs.
Lubrication is necessary for trouble-free removal of the formwork after the concrete has hardened. It can be purchased ready-made or made independently. The simplest lubricant is prepared as follows: 50 g of mineral oil must be mixed with 1.5 liters of water to form an emulsion. But it is important to achieve the right balance of fat content, otherwise the grease can ruin appearance ready-made concrete products.
The composition of the mixture can and can be changed to obtain different properties of the final product..
The recipe for paving slab mix is simple, but requires careful preparation of all ingredients and methodical adherence to the sequence of actions. It is not difficult to calculate the amount of each component if you know the required proportions of the volume of substances.
For one part of the cement, you need to take two parts of a mixture of sand and crushed stone, 0.02 parts of a plasticizer and 0.2 parts of a dry coloring pigment. The ratio of the volume of water to the volume of the dry mixture will be 2: 3, that is, three parts of the dry mixture need two parts of water. This ratio will ensure the strength of the finished concrete product and is the best fit for home production.
You can also give the following calculation of the approximate consumption of materials per square meter of finished paving slabs with a thickness of 4.5 cm:
If the concrete is colored, then 1.5 kg will be needed for this amount of dye materials. Water will be added not by weight, but by the volume of dry components.
To obtain high-quality concrete, you need to follow some rules for handling plasticizer and dye. Neither plasticizer nor dye can be added dry to the mixture of cement and crushed stone. The plasticizer is diluted in hot (70-80 degrees C) water (200 g of substance per liter of water) and added in portions to the mixed concrete solution. The dye is also diluted in water (40-50 degrees C, 250-280 grams of dry dye per liter of water) and added at the same stage as the plasticizer.
Before starting the preparation of the solution, rinse the walls of the concrete mixer with water, as they must be wet. Then water is poured and, with continuous stirring, cement and sand are poured into it in parts. After obtaining a homogeneous emulsion from water and cement, crushed stone is added. In the last turn, the plasticizer and dye, diluted beforehand, are poured in. You need to mix the resulting solution until smooth, this process takes some time. If the volume of production is planned to be small, you can do without a concrete mixer, mix the solution manually.
We offer you to watch the video instructions for making paving slabs with your own hands:
Technological features of how to fill paving slabs correctly are as follows... It is better to fill the molds with concrete halfway at first, then they need to be placed on a vibrating table. After the vibrating table begins to work, the concrete will begin to compact, which will be evidenced by foam bubbles on its surface - this is how the air in the mixture comes out. As the concrete settles, it must be added to the required height.
Also, if gravel or crushed stone is not added to the mortar, you can increase the strength of the tile by placing reinforcement in the form of an iron mesh or wire in the casting mold.
Concrete can be poured in layers, for example to save dye. Front side the finished block will then be colored, and the rest will be gray. Mix the colored and ordinary mixture separately, it is only important that its density is the same.
On average, molds with concrete should be left on a vibrating table for 4-5 minutes. After the end of vibration, they must be placed on a flat surface. Cured paving slabs should not be exposed to direct sunlight. It takes up to three days to completely solidify, given the presence of a plasticizer.
Video on pouring forms of paving slabs on a personal plot:
In order not to damage the mold during molding, you need to warm it up by dipping it into water at 50-70 degrees Celsius, then just tap it with a rubber hammer so that you can easily "shake out" the finished product. After stripping, the molds are ready for a new production cycle.
The finished paving slabs must be kept for up to three weeks on a flat surface and also in the shade, for further hardening and gaining strength. It is necessary to lay it for storage "face to face", if there are several rows, covering each one with shrink wrap. During this time, the tile will dry out enough and acquire the strength necessary for use.
The given manufacturing technology is applicable not only for paving slabs, in a similar way it is possible to organize the production of curbs .
Since paving slabs are a universal material, they can be used almost anywhere. Playgrounds, car parks, pedestrian streets, park zones, bike paths, private land - this is just the main list of directions, which will not be difficult to expand. Paving slabs are used to decorate flowerbeds, fountains, garden ponds, decorative fences and barriers, porch and terraces, stair steps.
Laying of this covering leaves the soil under it "breathing" as it allows air and water to pass through, and does not contain toxins, although it interferes with the growth of plants. But the soil still retains its properties, unlike the soil under solid concrete or asphalt.
Paving slabs withstand heavy structures, moisture and extreme weather... These properties are due to the fact that its composition is close to the composition concrete structures used in construction in the supports and floors of buildings. It is a strong and durable material that is not affected by the climate and aggressive urban environment.
Several examples of the use of paving slabs in your suburban area
Paving slabs (paving stones, figured paving element) is one of the better solutions in the design of sidewalk and garden paths, playgrounds and places for recreation. This durable and non-toxic construction material allows for styling in areas of any size and shape, gives suburban area well-groomed appearance and is of high quality and affordable alternative asphalt pavement.
High-quality paving slabs withstand more than 200 freeze / thaw cycles; when heated, harmful substances do not evaporate from it.
- a creative, uncomplicated and financially affordable process, even for people unfamiliar with construction.
Home production allows you to save money, get a quality guarantee (subject to technology) and create an exclusive version of the track on the site. High quality withstands more than 200 freeze / thaw cycles, when heated, harmful substances do not evaporate from it. Simplicity, affordability, abundance of shapes, sizes and colors make this type of material popular for making at home.
The vibrating table includes a movable table with a vibrator. All this is rigidly fixed on the bed. The installation is served by 2 people.
The adjustment of our own technological plant is based on the use of technologies from specialized factories. There are two production methods:
These methods help to make a variety of concrete elements that are characterized by low porosity and perfect surface finish. Such characteristics are achieved due to the low water content in the concrete mixture, which is tightly packed due to vibration or vibrocompression.
None of the methods have any fundamental advantages. To comply with the technology of vibration pressing, the manufacturer must have special expensive equipment available. It is easier to achieve the guaranteed quality of paving slabs by applying the vibration casting method and using plasticizing additives. This method is better suited for self-made tiles.
The essence of the vibration casting method is that the concrete mixture is compacted in molds on special tables under the action of vibration, which is caused by electromechanical vibrators. This production technology is used everywhere in construction (vibrocast reinforced concrete slabs, poles, supports, curbs, etc.). Depending on the operations performed, one-layer and two-layer production technologies are distinguished.
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The reliability of the tiles produced is influenced by the quality of the raw materials, the correct proportions of the components in the composition of the concrete mixture and the organization of drying in natural conditions.
The reliability of the tiles produced is influenced by the quality of the raw materials, the correct proportions of the components in the composition of the concrete mixture and the organization of drying in natural conditions. For the production of paving slabs, you will need simple and affordable equipment, as well as raw materials. Used as equipment:
The components of the concrete mix for the production of paving stones are:
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The whole process of making paving slabs can be divided into several stages:
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The materials from which the molds are made allow them to be used several times. Rubber molds withstand up to 500 times of repeated use at home, plastic - up to 250, polyurethane - up to 100. Silicone, fiberglass and other primary raw materials are also used for the production of tile molds. You can make your own molds from wood or galvanized metal.
Rubber molds can withstand up to 500 times of repeated use at home, plastic - up to 250, polyurethane - up to 100.
To facilitate further work with the forms and the process of stripping, before pouring the mortar, the "templates" must be lubricated with a special compound. Lubrication extends mold life and makes cleaning easier before next use. The coating layer should be thin; pores may form on the surface of the finished tile from excess fat. Do not use lubricants that contain petroleum products.
Home conditions allow you to prepare the lubricant yourself. To do this, dilute 50 g of engine oil in 1.5 liters of water and stir for a long time. It is important to experimentally select the ideal fat balance. Often used as a lubricant vegetable oil or laundry soap dissolved in water. When working without lubrication, new forms are treated with an antistatic agent, and after stripping, if necessary, washed with 5-10% hydrochloric acid solution.
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Pigments, as well as a plasticizer, are added to concrete from the mass of cement, but not more than 3%. The color of the pigment is used the way you want to make your colored paving slabs.
You must first prepare additional components - plasticizer and concrete dye. The dye will be needed in the case of making colored paving slabs; in the production of ordinary gray products, there is no need for it.
The plasticizer should constitute about 0.5% of the amount of all components of the mixture in dry form. To mix 40 liters of concrete, you will need 200 g of plasticizer. You cannot add it dry, 200 g of the substance is diluted in small portions in 1 liter of water at a temperature of 70-80 degrees Celsius. At least 2% of all dry components should be dye. 800 g of the dye is gradually added to water (3 l) with a temperature of 40-50 degrees Celsius, stirring thoroughly.
The walls of the concrete mixer must be damp; for this, rinse the inside of the machine with water and drain the water. The strength of concrete products depends on the ratio of cement to water. To mix half-wet concrete. To obtain this effect, it is necessary to add 30% less water than cement. For clarity: 3 buckets of cement (including plasticizer and dye) take 2 buckets of water.
First, water is poured into the concrete mixer, then a portion of cement is added, screening is added to the homogeneous emulsion obtained after mixing, and a solution is obtained. It is mixed well and pre-diluted plasticizer and dye are poured in. It is necessary to knead until a homogeneous mass is obtained.
You can also prepare a concrete mixture at home by manual mixing. This requires a lot of physical effort and extra time.
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The ready-mixed concrete has workability OK = 3-4 cm. Therefore, short-term vibration treatment is used to compact it.
The molds are filled with ready-mixed concrete and placed on a vibrating table. The height of placing the concrete in the mold should not exceed 4 cm. To save money, the concrete mixture can be laid in the mold in layers. In this case, concrete for the outer (colored) and base layers are mixed separately.
If gravel or crushed stone is not used in the concrete mixture for some reason, for the strength of the product, they must be replaced with metal reinforcement ( reinforced mesh or wire). It is laid in the process of filling the forms with concrete between the first and second layers.
The vibration intensity depends to a large extent on the number of placed molds; the table springs should not be overloaded or weakened too much. After turning on the vibrating table and the beginning of the influence of vibration on the forms filled with solution, a free place, it must be filled in additionally. The vibration duration is 4-5 minutes until a white foam appears on the concrete, which indicates the completion of the air release process.
The molds must be removed from the vibrating table and placed on a flat surface in a room protected from direct sunlight. The low water content and the presence of a plasticizer allow the tiles to dry quickly. Stripping can be done after 1-2 days. Before "knocking out" the tiles, it is necessary to lower the mold into water with a temperature of about 50-70 degrees Celsius for a couple of minutes. Then place the mold on the vibrating table and tap the sides lightly with a rubber mallet to prevent the mold from cracking. The service life of each mold is shortened by approximately 30% when using demoulding without preheating. Such removal of products is especially dangerous for thin tiles, it can lead to rejects.
After completion of the stripping, leave the finished products to "lie down" for 5-6 days on pallets, having previously covered them with plastic shrink wrap for further hardening. Prepare the forms for the next cycle.
It's hard to imagine private plot without paths lined with concrete tiles, which has recently become more and more popular. Do-it-yourself paving slabs can be made by anyone, even those who do not have the skills in construction works... The manufacturing algorithm is quite simple and does not require expensive equipment and materials. Paving slabs, made by hand, as a material for paths, alleys and parking spaces for cars compares favorably with asphalt, concrete or gravel.
Filled (gravel) paths are not very comfortable to use, asphalt requires the use of special equipment, and concrete requires the use of reinforcement and pre-prepared formwork. Making paving slabs at home will significantly save money and give your site a unique look.
In the production of concrete tiles, two methods are used: vibrocasting and vibrocompression. The latter method requires the use of expensive equipment (vibrating press) and is justified mainly for commercial purposes. The technology for the production of paving slabs by the vibration casting method is most suitable for home production. In this case, you will need:
Important! How to safely make paving slabs at home - for this you must use personal protective equipment: rubber gloves, goggles and a respirator!
How to make a device for vibration casting yourself? The easiest way to make a vibrating table is to use an old washing machine, on top of which a sheet of chipboard, fiberboard or MDF of a suitable size is attached, with slats or bars fixed at the edges. Turn on the machine in the "spin" mode and the vibrating table you made is already functioning. The sides will prevent the workpieces from falling off the table during vibration. The efficiency and productivity of such an installation is quite suitable for making paving slabs at home.
You can make your own vibrating table from an ordinary sharpener, which, as a rule, is always available on the farm, or any other electric motor of suitable power. Is being done wooden shield, it fits into several car tires... Using the bolts in the center of the shield from below, we attach the sharpener. We install a heavy metal disc with an off-center on the pin (it is easy to make from a pot lid the right size). The photo will help you figure out the details.
A device for the vibration process to make paving slabs with your own hands, ready to use. The process of dismantling the structure will not be difficult and will not take much time.
The entire process of manufacturing paving slabs can be divided into several stages, each of which is equally important and affects the quality of finished products. Tile production is not too labor-intensive and tedious, and it may even give you pleasure.
How to make paving slabs and save money at the same time? You can make do-it-yourself molds at home from wood, polyurethane, or sheet metal.
Wooden molds are made according to the formwork principle. Suitable for the bottom of the container, and for the sides it is convenient to use wooden blocks... The workpieces are fastened together using metal corners and screws. But this method allows you to make shapes only in the form of simple geometric shapes.
You will need a welding machine to make sheet metal molds. If you already have one, then this method will allow you to create the most durable containers for casting paving stones.
A very economical solution is to use food containers suitable sizes and volumes. Plastic bottles for drinking water(with a capacity of 5 or 10 liters) can be successfully used for self-production of square, rectangular and round shapes. Carefully cutting off the bottom, we get the finished shape.
It is quite difficult to make homemade molds from polyurethane for paving concrete slabs and it will take a lot of time. A sample is taken as a basis (ready-made tiles or paving stones, a piece of board, gypsum or metal blank). Formwork is made from the material at hand (plywood or hard cardboard), which is 10-15 mm larger than the sample. A two-component polyurethane compound is poured into the formwork and the sample is lowered there. The drying process usually takes about 24 hours. Then the sample is carefully removed, and after that the finished form is also taken out of the formwork.
But if you do not have the time and desire to independently make forms for paving slabs, then you can purchase them in hardware stores. A wide variety of these plastic, rubber and polyurethane products are available in a wide variety of configurations.
To further work and the demoulding process was not difficult, before pouring the mortar, it is recommended that the form contains fat, using a brush or spray gun. As a lubricant, you can use vegetable oil, a solution of laundry soap, or special liquid(e.g. tectol Supercast ES 100).
Important! Do not apply the liquid in a thick layer - this can lead to the formation of irregularities, pores and cavities on the surface of the finished product.
According to the technology of making concrete paving slabs at home, for the production of 1 m² with a thickness of about 4-5 cm, you will need:
The sequence for preparing the mixture is as follows:
The consistency of the mixture should be quite thick, but at the same time easily spreading in shape. The mortar for paving slabs is completely ready-to-use.
Attention! If you strictly adhere to the technology and proportions of the preparation of the mixture, paving slabs with their own quality characteristics will not yield to factory samples.
If you want to make colored tiles, powder dye must be added at the initial stage by mixing it with sand. You can paint on the finished tile using a spray gun, since it is he who allows you to evenly apply paint.
We place the prepared and lubricated forms on a vibrating table, fill them with a ready-made mixture (the excess can be removed with a trowel) and begin the vibration process, which lasts exactly as long as it takes until the air (voids) are completely removed from the solution (approximately 5-10 minutes).
After the concrete mixture has been compacted, we remove the products in the molds in a dry place under a canopy and cover with plastic wrap to prevent rapid evaporation of moisture. Pre-drying of paving slabs takes 1-2 days, provided that the air temperature is at least 15 ° C.
After the initial drying, the finished products are gently knocked out of the molds with a rubber hammer onto a prepared soft surface (for example, a tourist rug or an old blanket). To facilitate the process of stripping, the forms can be lowered into a container with hot water temperature of about 45-50 ° C.
Then we place the blanks in a dry and protected from sunlight place for one to two weeks (the longer the better).
The whole cycle is repeated many times until you have made the required amount for your project. Now you understand that making paving slabs at home is a fun, uncomplicated and low-budget process.
The quality of the work performed will depend only on the materials used and strict adherence to the sequence of the process. The technology of manufacturing paving slabs, proven for decades, allows owners suburban areas not only significantly save money when arranging paths, recreation areas or parking spaces, but also make the site unique in accordance with personal tastes and preferences.
The technology for the production of paving slabs with their own hands has been mastered for a long time and every year everything is being improved. In terms of their characteristics and quality, finished products are in no way inferior to store products, and sometimes even surpass them. So why overpay a considerable amount of money for a pig in a poke when you can make good-quality paving slabs at home. This does not require the purchase of expensive equipment and tools, of course, if you do not want to produce it on an industrial scale. The key to quality paving stones is the "correct" mortar and skillful hands.
Despite the simplicity of the production technology, there are some nuances that should be studied before starting to manufacture the tiles yourself. First of all, you need to choose and master the method of its manufacture that is suitable for you.
This technology for the production of tiles provides for a continuously operating vibrating table, on which the sand-cement mixture, laid in special forms, solidifies.
After complete tamping and solidification of the mixture, the molds are transferred to a warm place where they must withstand at least 12 hours.
The finished product is flat and smooth. Such tiles are easy to remove from snow and sand. It has a bright, rich color, and the form of its manufacture is practically unlimited.
For paving paths, it can be used to embody any design idea on your site. A well-laid tile can give an accent to any of your construction on the site, especially since it perfect solution get away from the annoying asphalt.
From a production point of view, the manufacture of vibrated paving slabs is a fairly cheap process, perfect for private use.
The manufacturing technology of vibropressed paving slabs is as follows.
The surface of the product is rough and porous. Such tiles are able to withstand heavy loads, are resistant to severe frosts, and are suitable for crowded places and car traffic.
Despite the fact that there are compact installations that allow you to place such equipment on a home site, their cost is still high.
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that vibrocast paving slabs will be enough for private needs.
There is no need to be able to withstand heavy loads, since neither crowds of tourists nor vehicles will move along it. Therefore, in this article we will consider the manufacture of paving slabs using vibration casting technology.
The expediency of buying equipment or renting it depends on the scale of the planned production.
If you need to cover small areas of your site with tiles, it makes sense to rent the necessary equipment, but if grandiose work is coming up on laying paved paths, blind areas, various sites, then it makes sense to think about purchasing it. In one word, it is up to each of you to decide.
It is very difficult to bring the concrete mixture to the desired consistency by hand. An alternative is a powerful drill with a special nozzle for mixing mortar.
However, it is undesirable to work with such a tool for a long time, periodically you need to give it time to rest from the load. Ideal option will be the time-tested electric concrete mixer.
The main element of production, which is indispensable. Today, you can buy a vibrating table in any store specializing in the sale of construction equipment.
Their starting price starts at $ 300. But do not rush, it is very simple from scrap materials. To do this, you will need (an electric motor, a sheet of metal, corners, metal plates and springs).
Local kulibins manage to use an ordinary washing machine for these purposes, setting it at high spin speeds.
Forms for mix... You can also make the necessary shapes using the material that almost everyone has on the site (plywood, metal plates, gypsum, and so on).
Options for making molds for paving slabs
You can buy ready-made forms in any construction market, their price is not very high, so this will not significantly affect the budget. 
We will describe the production of a vibrating table in stages for future forms. The main task is to get flat surface top platform. Required material and the tool you need:
We weld a regular frame of suitable sizes from metal corners or pipes. It is important to ensure that the opposite pipes are the same size. 
Using the same material, a rectangle is welded. On one side, a sheet of metal is welded onto it, on the other, a reinforced platform for a vibration motor with slots for fastening. 
For vibration tables, it is better to use a platform-type vibration motor. It is installed on a prepared base and is firmly bolted in place. 
The final stage is the connection of the platform with the frame, having previously inserted the springs into the landing bowls between them. The table is ready to use. 
The composition of the mortar for the manufacture of paving slabs must contain the following components:
Should be crumbly, free of lumps and impurities. Remember that cement is a binder, so the strength of the tile will depend on its quality. 
Sand like cement, it should not contain foreign impurities such as clay or algae. There is an easy way to test sand for clay content.
The sand needs to be tightly squeezed with the hands into a lump, fixed for a few seconds and unclenched, look at its condition. If the sand does not crumble, it is a clear sign of the presence of clay components in it.
It is desirable to purchase crushed stone by fraction 5-10 mm.
Fiberglass performs the role of concrete reinforcement. Most often, polypropylene is the material of the fiber. It will not be difficult to acquire this component on the construction market. 
The component that gives concrete strength and moisture resistance is - plasticizer... The pigment dye is used as needed. 
Important! When mixing all of the above components, a strict dosage and sequence must be observed.
| Components | Proportions in% | For 1 m² of tiles | For 1 m³ tiles |
| Cement (M 500) | 20% | 28 kg. | 490 kg. |
| Crushed stone (fractions 5-10 mm.) | 22% | 30 kg. | 520 kg. |
| River sand | 55% | 73 kg. | 1300 kg. |
| plasticizing additive | 0.5% by weight of the solution | 45 gr. | 1.7 liters |
| Dye (pigment) | 7% by weight of the solution | 650 gr. | 9 kg. |
| Fiberglass | 0.04 by weight of solution | 55 gr. | 0.8 kg. |
| Water | 6% by weight of the solution | 8.5 liters | 135 liters |
We mix the mortar for paving slabs in the following sequence:
This process usually takes 4-5 minutes. It is impossible to overexpose the solution on the bed, the process of its stratification will begin.
Some people wonder why vibration treatment of the solution is needed, why it is simply impossible to pour the finished mixture into molds.
The answer to this question lies in the tiny air bubbles that are in the hardened concrete. In severe frosts, they contribute to the splitting of paving slabs.
V summer period drying of castings should last at least 24 hours, in cool weather at least 2 days. In order for the tile to come out of the mold more easily, it should be immersed in a container with hot water for 10-15 seconds. The molds are well rinsed with water and are ready to use again.
Important! It is not recommended to start up freshly cast tiles at once. To gain strength, it must be kept in the fresh air under the sun for another week. Only after that the paving slabs are ready for use.
If you have made a decision to make paving slabs with your own hands, then we hope that this article will be a good help and help in your work.
