The consumer market offers the buyer various systems alarms that can be equipped vacation home, cottage, apartment or ensure the protection of the preservation area. Equipment for security and fire alarm Depending on it can be purchased separately, but there are also devices, combining systems of two species - security and fire.
Technical tools are intended to provide information to owners, indicating the status of controlled objects, data storage, as well as converting the resulting alarm message to sound and light signals.
A characteristic feature of the security and fire alarm devices is their classification, which provides for the separation of detectors by such parameters:
In addition to the classification of detectors by parameters, security and Fire Alarm Parts are divided into three views that differ from each other by the location of the sensors.
The operation of the multi-seed notification system can be provided from both one and from several interrelated or independent autonomous items. Enable and disable the alarm of various protected objects, items and territories can be made. regardless of each other.
The choice of equipment largely depends on the place of its application. In its assignment, the OPS can be characterized by several species:
The owner who wishes to set the alarm in order to security goals or the territory adjacent to it must well understand that completion of design development increases costs The operation of the security systems, and also increases the cost of instruments.
For the protection of apartments in high-rise residential buildings Used mainly disposure systemswhich control the room throughout the perimeter, including entrance doors And the windows of the apartment.
The equipment supplied by manufacturers includes:
Security alarm for apartments can be additionally added to various types of sensors that react to broken glass, to the presence of smoke or gas indoors, as well as sensors reacting to vibration or flooding.
Protection of a private cottage is carried out bubbier or multiser Alerts. For external protection of the object, it will take from 6 to 12 sensors and a four-zone controlling and receiving device.
For the protection of cottages, door magnetic contact sensors, one-frequency and two-frequency sensors react to broken glass, as well as various types of motion sensors are used. To create additional overhead protection, use internal sensors security alarm.
To eliminate the likelihood of false alarms and to detect a real danger in a timely manner, with the choice of equipment for the protection of the cottage, special attention should be paid to outdoor sensors that do not respond to weather conditions.
In guarded cottages, IR motion sensors are preferably used, which are equipped with a double PIR element and are equipped with a built-in filter. Such a system eliminates response to staying in the house of pets.
In connection with the remoteness of the object of protection from the city, difficulties may arise with maintenance Sophisticated engineering systems. Some owners wishing to set the alarm are preferred by simpler, but reliable protection options, retrofitting them by the necessary number of external motion sensors.
Placed on the walls around the perimeter of the building, the devices allow you to create protected zone width up to 5 metersWhat ensures the advance detection of the penetration attempt and helps to take the necessary protection measures.
Equipment with light outdoor alarms, as well as sound outer signals, rendered disconnecting action on attackers and practically does not need maintenance. The cable passing along the walls of the structure is usually hidden from an extraneous eye with an embezzlement into the wall by the construction method.
When guarding a country house, the use of internal sensors is possible at the request of the owner, as an additional protective line.
When choosing technical equipment that will ensure the protection of the territory, it is necessary to take into account characteristics terrain, relief, as well as possible limitations of visibility.
For the protection of the plot is mainly used:
Almost all security devices are equipped with an automatic alarm alert mode, which in the installed sequence informs users of the auto-star to their phone numbers.
OPS combines systems of two types: security and fire. Automatic fire alarm system is divided into three types:
Unadwent system alarm system
Inadessic ops. A simple threshold system that uses detectors with two positions is "norm" and "fire". The system is triggered when a certain parameter is exceeded above the specified threshold. It can be exempted temperature or smoke level. On the control of the panel, the locking detector loop number is recorded, the address of the room and the sensor number on the panel is not transmitted. It is used to protect facilities and territories with a small area.
Address system alarm system
. Used to protect objects with medium and large sizes. The system has the ability to determine the places of penetration into a protected area, as well as fire items thanks to the address schemes built into detectors and information exchange protocols. This type of fire alarm is usually installed in schools, kindergartens and other important social institutions.
Address and analog alarm
Address and analog OPS. This type of fire alarm systems is characterized by high efficiency, quality and reliability. The controller constantly analyzes the information that continuously comes from the installed sensors to the main panel. It monitors the foci of ignition, a sharp increase in temperature, the appearance of smoke, penetration into the territory, etc.
The OPS system fully depends on the control of sensors that respond to the detection of fire and penetration into the protected area. Sensors are separated into several types, which allows the use of a variety of solutions when installing the OPS.
By types of system sensors of the fire and security alarm system are divided:
OPS can be equipped with other sensors whose type is hard to list. Among the controlled instruments used in the system, there are gas analyzing and smoke sensors, water leakage control sensors, multisensor devices that analyze the fire in four signs, etc.
Wired alarm involves the installation of the cable on the wall walls and, as a rule, is envisaged in advance before finishing. This method of protection is considered more reliable than wireless analogue due to the lack of incoming radio signals that can be interrupted.
In the wired OPS, you can achieve the highest possible range of protected areas, control not only the house and territory, but also the gate, as well as the fencing of the site around the perimeter.
The wireless system is characterized by simplicity in the installation. Constructive elements The devices communicate using radio waves (signals) that are configured to the required frequency. Wireless OPS is equipped mainly autonomous sensorsallowing to control windows and doors at home, approaches to the building on distance not exceeding 100 meters, as well as fire safety in the territory.
At the time of buying security equipment not only the features of the object are taken into account, intuition is important and personal experience man. In order to correctly select the equipment, it is necessary to make an accurate calculation of all the characteristics of the purchased instruments, and only professionals can be made.
To subdivide the security alarms on species on the basis of various signs:
Each of these types of security systems has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, short review which are given in this article.
Wired alarm.
This type of systems is cheap in terms of the acquisition of equipment and labor-intensive in the installation. If we talk about reliability, it is impossible to do unambiguous conclusions.
On the one hand, there is constant control of the lines of the detectors and devices. At the same time, it is enough to simply turn off the plot of the loop or the entire loop entirely with the setting of the corresponding equivalent. But when performing certain organizational and technical measures, the probability of sabotage can be practically reduced to zero.
The use of cable infrastructure allows you to provide sensors by centralized power and rid oneself from the need to periodically replace the batteries in wireless systems.
Address security alarms.
When using wired connections, the address exchange of data allows you to use one two-wire line to transmit information. Since each address device can be uniquely identified by the system, it gives:
In addition, the logging of events and maintains them in the memory of control panels for a long time. Address equipment is ideal for large objects. Its use gives savings both at the installation stage and when servicing alarm.
The lack of wires simplifies the installation, retains the design of the premises. To organize the object of the system, radio channel equipment, which has all the advantages and disadvantages inherent in such a data transfer method. Wireless alarm is always address system - It is worth remembering.
Consumption security.
The most reliable look, if working with a normal security company. Not a fact, but, as a rule, the more customers he has, the better the services provided.
Many Chops in pursuit of customers simplify the requirements for the equipment of the object with technical means of protection. This is a vicious approach, which should alert the potential client. It is impossible to ensure reliable protection using one sensor from a dubious manufacturer.
When using this type of system, the user assumes the duty to respond to alarms. It is good or bad each solves independently taking into account specific conditions.
Obviously, the more significant the object and possible material damage, which can be caused to him in the event of unlawful actions, the more difficult and more reliable should be a system of alarm.
If we talk about banks, jewelry stores and them like enterprises, the type of signaling, its design and installation, without any doubt, must be carried out by professional installers. For this category of objects, it is characterized by the use of multi-seed protection systems with the maximum full blocking of all places of probable penetration of criminals.
For such security complexes are used different types Security detectors, which, in addition to the main destination, perform the function of mutual safety. This is achieved by the use of sensors of various detection principles.
For example, the protection of the window can be carried out by an acoustic detector for breaking and passive infrared type "Curtain" on the passage.
Needless to say, these categories of objects must be connected to the centralized security console (FOS).
With private property, things are somewhat easier. Since property risks in this case estimates the owner of the real estate, it can dwell on simpler types of security complexes using a minimum equipment set.
Currently, the GSM alarm is popular for home and cottage. The basis of it is the receiving control instrument (PCP) with a module that transmits information to the mobile phone owner. Depending on the type of device, you can connect any types of security sensors.
With a competent approach based on these technologies, you can organize a fairly reliable security system. However, there are some vulnerabilities about which is written.
If we talk about the type, then for home and apartments more and more users stop the choice on wireless systems.
As a result, there is a proposal together with demand. Selecting wireless sets is great. At the same time, new options appear, allowing to use GSM equipment not only for protection, but also to control various engineering and technical Equipment.
Since the configuration of radio channel systems for an unprepared person may represent difficulties for independent installation It makes sense to choose a ready-made alarm kit. Their assortment is sufficient to solve most of the tasks of protecting private property.
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Each car owner seeks to maximize its car from intruders. The main opposition to the thieves today is car alarm. Further in the article we will tell about how car alarm is running, from which elements it consists and what functions performs.
Car alarm cannot be called some specific device. It is more correct to say that this is a complex of devices consisting of different sensors and control elements and is a single system.
In Russia, there is an approved frequency for all alarms - 433.92 MHz. But many manufacturers on the market produce systems with different frequencies from 434.16 MHz to 1900 MHz (- a range for mobile communications).
Anti-theft systems perform several main functions:
Various anti-theft complexes have their own package and functions - from basic to advanced. IN simple systems It is often implemented only the function of the signal supply (siren, flashing headlights). But modern security complexes are usually not limited to this function.
The composition of the automotive alarm depends on its complexity and configuration, but in general terms it looks like this:
All anti-theft systems can be divided into two types: factory (regular) alarm and installed additionally.
The factory alarm is installed by the manufacturer and is already in the basic configuration of the car. As a rule, the regular system is not characterized by a set of various functions and is limited only to a warning about hacking.
In the installed systems, a wide variety of additional functions can be implemented. It depends on the model and cost.
All elements of any alarm can be divided into three types:
Enabling and turning off the alarm (arming) occurs using a control keyword. In standard systems, the signaling control is combined with the control of the central lock and is made in one device along with the ignition key. There is also a label of immobilizer. However, these are completely different systems and work independently of each other.
The radio receiver (antenna) receives a signal from the keychain. It can be static and dynamic. Static signals have a permanent encryption code, so susceptible to intercept and hacking. At the moment they are almost not used. When dynamically encoded, the transmitted data packets are constantly changing, creating high protection against interception. The principle of generator random numbers is used.
The next development of dynamic is the dialog coding. The connection between the keychain and the receiver is carried out on the double-sided channel. In other words, the "Alien" function is implemented.
A variety of sensors belong to input devices. They analyze changes in various parameters (pressure, tilt, blow, light, movement, etc.) and send information to the control unit. In turn, the block includes actuating devices (siren, beams, flashing headlights).
Diagram of components of automotive alarm This is a small sensor that catches the mechanical fluctuations of the body and converts them into an electrical signal. It produces an electrical signal of piezoplastin. The trigger occurs at a certain level of oscillations. Sensors are installed around the perimeter of the car body. Shock sensors can often work falsely. The reason can be a hail, strong sound oscillations (thunderstorm, wind), a blow to the tires. To solve the problem, sensitivity adjustment can help.
The sensor responds to the unnatural tilt of the car. For example, it can be a lifting car by a jack for removing the wheels. He will also work when evacuating the car. The sensor does not respond to the slope from the wind, the position of the car on the ground, different tire pressure. This is provided with sensitivity setting.
This kind of sensors are distributed in different spheres (the inclusion of light when driving, the protection of the perimeter, etc.). When the alarm is turned on, the sensor responds to an outsider movement in the cabin and next to the car. Dangerous rapprochement or traffic will use Sirena. The same principle employs ultrasound sensors and volume sensors. All of them catch different changes in the volume of the car's salon.
Often, built-in door terminals are used as sensors. If you open the door or hood, the chain will be closed and the siren will turn on.
In addition to the main security function, some useful additions can be implemented in auto alarms. For example, such as:
Automotive alarm and have similar security features, but somewhat significant differences. These two concepts are often confused, so you need to make a little clarity.
Car alarm is a whole security complex that warns the owner of the hijack or an attempt to penetrate the car. There are also many other functions such as satellite tracking, etc.
The immobilizer is also an effective anti-theft system, but its functions are limited to the engine start lock when trying to start the machine with an unregistered key. The device reads the access code from the chip (label) in the key and recognizes the owner. If the hijacker tries to start the car, it will not work. The engine will not start. As a rule, immobilizer is established in all modern models cars.
Immobilizer will not protect the car from hacking and penetrating parking. It . Therefore, it is impossible to do it. Need a full auto alarm.
There are several companies on the market that have proven themselves and their products are in demand.
Automotive alarm helps protect the car from the hijacking and hacking. Modern security complexes provide a fairly high degree of protection. Also the driver opens many other useful features. Alarm is the desired and mandatory thing for each car.
Security systems have many varieties. Before making a choice of alarm, it is necessary to carefully examine all the features of the protected object. To date, you can purchase component equipment for alarm system in any specialized store, including virtual. Pick up necessary elements Security systems can be independently or with the help of specialists. In the event of an alarm installation by specialists, the choice of equipment will be made taking into account the wishes of the customer and the characteristics of the perplexed perimeter.
Equipment for the configuration of security systems happens different species. It is generally accepted to allocate such types of alarms:
If you need to install a simple alarm on the object, you need to choose offline lines. Such a system of alarm does not transmit anywhere. The notification of the occurrence of danger is transmitted through sound or light alarms. The disadvantage of this protection complex is the possibility of turning off by intruders, for example, by breaking the connecting wires.
The consignment alarm is today is the most reliable. When installing a protective system of this type, all the alarm information is transmitted to the console of a specific private security unit. Along with the transmission of the signal, the alert is performed by incorporating sound and light alert mechanisms.
The lack of installation of such a complex is the monthly subscription fee for servicing the alarm by a security firm.
Types of signaling that work individually can be divided into GSM and GPS, that is, by the type of component module. Through such modules, the information is transmitted to the owner's phone number in the form of a text message or call, as well as on a global or satellite network. Modern can be integrated and transferring information about the emergence of an abnormal situation both the owner and the division of protection or police for the adoption of response measures.
The above types of protection systems are basic and common. To date, also allocate additional types of security alarms, such as:
On the video - how to choose a security alarm for the home:
Regardless of the type and complexity of the controlled object, primarily compiled project documentation. In the course of its development and compilation, the features of the protected area are investigated, and the amount is determined. necessary equipment. A contracting organization can provide a choice of various options for configuring security complexes.
The user has the ability to compare the functionality of each set and select the most suitable and efficient.
If the selection and installation of devices will be performed independently, then the user must take into account a number of aspects:
On video - more information about alarm in the house:
To protect the private house (apartment), the optimal option is to install integrated security systems that are equipped with the following elements:
Complete set of security system additional devices Allows you to increase the level of efficiency and reliability of the object protection. Alarm can be equipped with additional sensors and panels, as well as electromagnetic locking devices. Regardless of the councils of specialists, the choice of type of equipment for alarm is individual for each client.
Laboratory work number 7
Subject: Control equipment and protection of automation schemes.
Name of work: Studying the device and operation of the signal apparatus.
Purpose of work:
1. Examine the device, principle of operation and technical specifications Alarm devices.
2. Learn to determine the parameters of the alarm device.
Acquired skills and skills:
1. Learn to collect electrical circuits with the participation of signaling devices.
General
To ensure the normal operation of any devices, you need to timely and reliably notify the service personnel on the state, modes of operation and positions of individual mechanisms, drives, nodes, technological process and its parameters, the achievement of the minimum and maximum valid values \u200b\u200bof the measured and regulated values \u200b\u200bof the control object, the danger of breakdowns, accidents, to achieve the specified or limit values \u200b\u200bof the operating parameters. To perform these functions, various devices and devices of light, sound and visual alarm are used.
Types of alarm
Depending on the purpose, the following signaling systems distinguish: information (position), preventive, emergency.
Regulation alarm Informs the service personnel about the status and position of electrical apparatuses and chains. The position alarm is performed for the mechanisms that have two or more working positions. The most common structures for constructing the signaling schemes (state) of technological mechanisms are most common:
· Signalization schemes combined with control schemes;
· Alarm schemes with independent power management schemes on a group of technological mechanisms of one or different destination.
Signalization schemes, combined with control schemes, are usually carried out if effective area Shields and consoles Allows you to apply signal hardware without limiting its size and allowing direct power from control circuits. The signaling of the position (state) of technological mechanisms in such schemas can be carried out by one or two light signals.
For example, the electric motor is turned on or disabled, is working or faulty, etc. Such alarm is usually carried out using block contacts of magnetic starters and alarm lamps included through them, or the signaling lamps included parallel to the magnetic starter coil. It should be noted that both methods of signaling the operation of electric motors are indirect, therefore the possibility of obtaining false signals is not excluded. For example, a magnetic starter may turn on, closer its strength and blocking contacts, and the electric motor as a result of the phase break or any other reason does not start. If a heavy protection Does not turn off the electric motor from the network, the operator will see the engine operation signal, whereas in reality it may not work. A direct signal of the operation of the electric motor could serve as a signal from the speed relay (velocity control device - UKS) of the rotation of the electric motor. However, this leads to the complication and appreciation of the scheme, so in practice they use indirect methods of alarm. If we consider that the likelihood of the appearance of the inconsistency described above (the absence of rotation of the electric motor with a magnetic starter turned on) is very small, then the admissibility of the use of indirect signaling schemes will become apparent. Signaling of the positions of the gates, dampers, etc. It is performed from the end switches and devices (devices) intended to perform the same functions. The end switch is triggered at certain positions of the spikes, dampers, valves, etc. Alarm devices are turned on directly through the end switches or intermediate relays.
Warning alarm Notes about the upcoming launch of an automatic stream line or an automated unit, ensuring the safety of work, and also informs the service personnel about the deviation of controlled values \u200b\u200bfrom the specified values. With centralized control of aggregates, installations, streamlines, etc. The operator does not see the result of its impact on the machine and judges them on the inclusion of light signals and instruments. To prevent injuries of people in the room, a sound signal (siren, etc.) is served with a centralized start of the machines. To make the machines did not start without a warning signal, special schemes apply.
Alarm Informs about the disconnections of the most important objects, or the deviation of the technological process from a given course, that the controlled value has reached the maximum permissible value. Alarm requires immediate operator intervention; It will sound until the operator eliminates the abnormal mode of operation.
Warning and alarm, designed to alert the service personnel on the violation of the normal process, are carried out with a smooth or flashing light and are accompanied, as a rule, a sound signal. The most common signaling schemes with the central removal of the sound signal are most common. They make it possible to accept a new beep before opening the contacts that caused the appearance of the previous signal.
Depending on the supply method, the alarm is divided into light (signal lamps and scoreboard), sound (sirens, beeps and calls) and visual.
When performing alarm, as a rule, sound signals, sound and light signals, use various signal colors, flashing, burning and extinction state, and the like. The alarm form depends on where it is used. The nature of the production facility also affects the selection of this or that type of alarm (the presence of production noise, dust, removal of machines from the control panels, the size of the room, etc.) when an alarm, the selection of one or another color characterizing the normal mode of operation is determined in each specific The case on the basis of management conditions, signal control and technological features. On the normal position of the mechanisms, as a rule, signals green color, emergency condition or stop - red, warning - yellow.
Light alarm It is carried out using different signaling reinforcements: the scoreboard, transparencies, semaphores and glowing mnemoshem placed on the consoles and control panels. Using signal lamps and fittings with caps different colorsYou can report the necessary information by changing the lamp mode: the light signal can be reproduced with even or blinking light, as well as the glow of lamps by incomplete.
In addition to lamps for light alarm, LEDs having the most diverse designs And glowing in various colors when the electric current of a small value is leaked.
Light alarm using lamps is a simple and reliable means of alert. Signal lamps installed in special fittings are used to signal the operation of machines and aggregates, the presence of voltage in the supply network and the control panel, etc. For reliable operation of the lamps, they are usually included through the addition resistances that reduce the heat. Signal lamps are closed with glass caps (lenses) of various colors in accordance with the color of the lens signal may have one or another value. For example, green - normal condition, yellow - warning signal, red - emergency condition, white color - various production signals.
Combining multiple light signals forms a light board, its ability is significantly wider than a warning lamp. An inscription can be applied on the glass, which is clearly highlighted when the scoreboard is turned on. Thus, entire teams are transmitted. Structurally, the scoreboard differs from the usual signal reinforcement by external design.
Sound alarm.In some cases (especially for emergency situations), light alarm is not enough to quickly notify the service personnel. To do this, use sound alarm equipment (calls, buzzers and sirens) included in the signal contact circuit of the control circuit. Turning off the sound alarm is usually done manually after appropriate measures. Some diagrams provide for automatic shutdown of sound alarm after appropriate switching in control circuits or from a special time relay.
Sound alarm devices are characterized by simplicity of design and reliability. They are used to attract the attention of service personnel to changes occurring in controlled systems, and personnel call to a specific place. Sound equipment includes: loud battles used for warning alarm on remote starting production systems Or their sites, as well as beeps, customs and sirens for emergency alarm on stopping machines and mechanisms, about the dangerous overflow of bins and other violations of the technological process.
As the audio alarm devices use conventional electrical calls, loud combat calls, as well as signal sirens. To obtain weak audio signals, you can use the zummer elements used in the communication technique.
Selecting the type of sound alarm equipment is made based on the importance of objects, sizes and nature of the room and maintenance conditions.
Visual alarm. In some cases, the alarm can be performed using special indicative blinking relays, changing their state when they leak through their current reel. Return to the initial state is carried out manually, cogging the indicator rotation mechanism or by pressing the pointer button (depending on the design of the relay).
Combined alarm.In addition to those listed, in practice, the combined action techniques are used, such as calls with a built-in signal lamp.
