Finally, disputes over territorial issues became another type of military conflict in which the Soviet armed forces participated. In this case, the Soviet-American global confrontation gave way to a struggle for territories between. However, here too driving force there was a conflict of ideologies, this time between two versions of the communist doctrine - the Chinese and the Soviet. Along with the United States, China became an active force that sought to reduce the influence of the USSR in the world.
Below are considered the military conflicts of the second half of the XX century, in which the Soviet Army was directly involved. Among them: the events in 1956, the events in 1968, 1969 and the war in 1979-1989.
Under this code name, the operation to suppress anti-Soviet protests in Hungary in October-November 1956 took place. Their catalyst was the 20th Congress of the CPSU, which condemned the personality cult of Stalin. Of the countries of the Soviet bloc, Hungary responded most vividly to the change of course in Moscow. There were many victims of internal party repression, the rehabilitation of which began under the influence of the 20th Congress of the CPSU. However, this process quickly grew into a desire to get out of the sphere of influence of the USSR.
Riots in Hungary began on October 6, when the reburial of the remains of the former Hungarian Interior Minister Rayak and other victims of the internal party repressions of 1949 took place in Budapest. A crowd of 300,000 gathered at this ceremony, demanding the resignation of the first secretary of the ruling Hungarian Workers' Party E. Gere and the appointment of former Prime Minister Imre Nagy as head of government. On October 22, 5 thousand students came out to the demonstration, they demanded the introduction of a multi-party system and the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the country. The next day, a larger demonstration took place, escalating into armed clashes with the police and the army. However, soon the troops went over to the side of the rebels, and they captured the capital of Hungary.
The country's leadership turned to the USSR for help. On the morning of October 24, Soviet tanks entered Budapest. The local population entered the battle with them, joined by parts of the police and the Hungarian army. Street fighting in Budapest continued for almost a week, until Imre Nagy, who had formed a coalition government by then, finally managed to achieve a ceasefire. Soviet tanks began to leave the city, and the conflict seemed to be settled.
However, the Soviet authorities were not going to wait with folded hands until Hungary would leave their sphere of influence and split the Soviet bloc in Eastern Europe. Khrushchev acted quickly and decisively. The military group in Hungary, which in October was 20 thousand people, in ten days was increased to 8 divisions and exceeded 200 thousand fighters in number. In response, the Hungarian government protested and announced its country's withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact.
On November 4, early in the morning, Soviet tanks under the command of General Pyotr Lashchenko entered Budapest again - Operation Whirlwind began, in the development of which Marshal Zhukov participated. Fierce fighting continued for three days. The Hungarians fought steadfastly, but they could not resist the well-armed Soviet army, which, moreover, had colossal experience in fighting the Nazis. already on November 8, the last centers of resistance fell in Budapest. Imre Nagy took refuge in the embassy of Yugoslavia, from where he was extradited on November 22 to the Soviet authorities.
During the fighting in Hungary Soviet troops lost only 720 soldiers and officers. As a result of the "Whirlwind" operation, order in the republic was restored, Imre Nagy was fraudulently sent to Romania, then returned to Hungary, convicted of high treason and in 1958 was hanged. By the way, according to the Russian historian and publicist Edward Radzinsky, Nagy participated in the execution of the Romanov royal family. The same information is mentioned in the book of the Austrian journalist Elisabeth Heres, which contains the "Yurovsky list". The Hungarian Republic remained in the sphere of Soviet influence until the collapse of the socialist system.
In January 1968, Alexander Dubcek became the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. His rise to power was due to the formation of the Brezhnev cohort of communist leaders of Eastern Europe, but Dubchek was not going to adapt to Brezhnev, but decided to pursue an independent course and build "socialism with a human face": the weakening of party control over all areas of life, decentralization of management, rehabilitation victims of political repression and so on.
This turn of events has raised serious concerns in the Kremlin. The Soviet leadership feared that if the Czech communists carried out an independent from Moscow domestic policy The USSR will lose control of Czechoslovakia. Such a turn of events threatened to split the East European socialist bloc both politically and strategically. The official justification for the entry of troops was a letter of appeal from a group of "party and state leaders" of Czechoslovakia to the government of the USSR and other Warsaw Pact countries on the provision of international assistance.
From April to July 1968, the leaders of the Warsaw Pact countries persuaded Dubcek to calm down and moderate his appetites, while in Moscow they were calculating a military solution to the problem (the future operation was codenamed "Danube"). General I.G. Pavlovsky commanded the united military grouping of the Warsaw Pact countries. On August 1, after a series of meetings with the leaders of the Communist Parties of Eastern Europe, Dubcek agreed to restore the party's control over the press, prevent the formation of bourgeois parties, strengthen the people's militia and remove from the government the most odious politicians from Moscow's point of view.
Meanwhile, about 400,000 troops from the Warsaw Pact countries were already concentrated on the borders of Czechoslovakia. Despite the agreements, Dubcek did not introduce censorship and reshuffle the government. New attempts to persuade him to no avail.
On August 20 at 23:00 in the morning, Soviet, East German, Polish, Hungarian and Bulgarian troops crossed the border of Czechoslovakia in 18 places. At the first stage, the main role was assigned to the airborne troops. At 2 am on August 21, units of the 7th Airborne Division landed at the Ruzine airfield near Prague. They blocked the main facilities of the airfield, where Soviet AN-12s with a landing party and military equipment began to land at intervals of one minute. The moment for the invasion was favorable for Moscow: the United States, embroiled in the Vietnam War, and Europe, agitated by the "Paris Spring", had no time for the Czechs.
During August 21, 24 divisions of the Warsaw Pact countries occupied the main objects on the territory of Czechoslovakia. Soviet installations were able to drown out NATO radars in Western Europe, forcing the Americans to receive information only through satellites. Parts of the 20th Guards Army from the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany under the command of General P.K. Koshevoy entered Prague, which established control over the main objects of the capital of Czechoslovakia.
The only place in Prague that had to be taken by force was the radio station. Some resistance was put up by civilians, especially young people, who erected barricades in some places and pelted the troops with cobblestones and sticks. Examples of passive resistance of the local population include: removal of street signs and house numbers, posting of leaflets urging Soviet soldiers to return home, disappearance of maps of Prague from shops.
Unlike the 1956 events in Budapest, such a large-scale invasion took place almost bloodlessly. Fighting practically were not conducted. There were isolated incidents of attacks on the military, but the overwhelming majority of the Czechs did not offer resistance. The 200,000-strong Czechoslovak army received an order from its leadership not to shoot. From August 21 to October 20, 1968, as a result of hostile actions by citizens of Czechoslovakia, only 11 Soviet soldiers were killed, 87 people were wounded and injured. In addition, they died in accidents, with careless handling of weapons, another 85 people died from diseases. The most impressive was the feat of the crew from the 1st Guards Tank Army, who deliberately sent their tank into the abyss to avoid hitting the children exposed by the Czech picketers on the mountain road.
On August 24-27, 1968, negotiations were held in Moscow, at which the Czechoslovak side agreed to restore "true" socialism. On September 11, 1968, Soviet tanks left Prague. As a result of the successful operation of Operation Danube, Czechoslovakia remained a member of the East European socialist bloc. The Soviet group of troops numbering up to 130 thousand people remained in Czechoslovakia until the collapse of the socialist system.
The spring of 1969 turned out to be no less hot for the Soviet leadership than the "Prague spring" of 1968. This time, the conflict broke out in the Far East. The main object of clashes between the USSR and the PRC was Damansky Island on the Ussuri River, which divided Soviet and Chinese territories. Relations between the USSR and China began to deteriorate rapidly after the 20th Congress of the CPSU, which condemned the personality cult of Stalin. Khrushchev's new course provided China with a convenient excuse to openly distance itself from the USSR. By accusing the Soviet Union of revisionism, the Chinese leaders declared their country to be the true world center of communist doctrine. The ideological rift between the two Communist Parties rapidly widened, leading to a deterioration in relations between the countries.
It is difficult to draw the border along the central fairway near the border rivers with changing channels, to which the Ussuri belongs. Therefore, on such rivers, it is objectively possible that alluvial (washed up by the current) disputed islands appear. Damansky, where Chinese peasants traditionally made hay, belonged to them. The tension arose due to the fact that the Soviet authorities set up a border post on this site and stopped letting the Chinese into the island. At the end of January 1969, the first clashes began on Damanskoye: at first they were limited to hand-to-hand combat, and in March the first shots were fired.
On the night of March 2, 1969, three hundred Chinese servicemen secretly occupied Damansky and equipped camouflaged firing points there. In their rear, on the left bank of the Ussuri, reserves and artillery support (mortars and recoilless guns) were concentrated. This act was undertaken as part of Operation Retaliation, led by Xiao Quanfu, Deputy Commander of the Shenyang Military Region.
In the morning, Chinese soldiers opened fire on 55 Soviet border guards heading for the island, headed by the head of the Nizhne-Mikhailovka frontier post, Senior Lieutenant I. Strelnikov. The border guards, led by the surviving commander, junior sergeant Y. Babansky, lay down and engaged the overwhelming Chinese forces. Soon, reinforcements came to their aid in armored personnel carriers led by the head of the neighboring Kulebyakiny Sopki outpost, Senior Lieutenant V. Bubenin.
With the support of mortar fire from their shore, the Chinese entrenched themselves behind the embankment on the island and again forced Soviet soldiers lie down. But Bubenin did not back down. He regrouped his forces and orchestrated a new attack with armored personnel carriers. Bypassing the island, he led his maneuvering group to the flank of the Chinese and forced them to abandon their positions on the island. During this attack, Bubenin was wounded, but did not leave the battle and brought him to victory. In the battle on March 2, 31 Soviet border guards were killed and another 14 were injured.
Two weeks later, on the morning of March 15, the Chinese again went on the offensive. They brought the strength of their forces to an infantry division, reinforced by reservists. The "human wave" attacks continued for an hour. After a fierce battle, the Chinese managed to oust the Soviet soldiers. Then, to support the defenders, a tank platoon headed by the head of the Imansky frontier detachment (it included the Nizhne-Mikhailovka and Kulebyakiny Sopki outposts), Colonel D. Leonov, moved into a counterattack.
But it turned out that the Chinese are prepared for such a turn of events and have a sufficient number of anti-tank weapons. Due to their heavy fire, the counterattack failed. Moreover, Leonov exactly repeated Bubenin's roundabout maneuver, which did not come as a surprise to the Chinese. In this direction, they have already dug trenches where the grenade launchers were. The lead tank, in which Leonov was, was hit, and the colonel himself, who was trying to get out through the lower hatch, was killed. Two other tanks still managed to break through to the island and take up defenses there. This allowed the Soviet soldiers to hold out on Damanskoye for another 2 hours. Finally, having shot all the ammunition and not receiving reinforcements, they left Damansky.
The failure of the counterattack and the loss of the latest T-62 combat vehicle with secret equipment finally convinced the Soviet command that the forces put into battle were not enough to defeat the Chinese side, which was prepared very seriously. Then the forces of the 135th motorized rifle division deployed along the river took over, the command of which ordered its artillery (including the separate BM-21 Grad rocket battalion) to open fire on the Chinese positions on the island. This was the first time that Grad rocket launchers were used in combat, the impact of which decided the outcome of the battle. A significant part of the Chinese soldiers on Damanskoye (more than 700 people) were destroyed by a firestorm.
On this, active hostilities actually stopped. But from May to September 1969, Soviet border guards opened fire on violators in the area of Damansky Island more than 300 times. In the battles for Damansky from 2 to 16 March 1969, 58 Soviet soldiers were killed, 94 were seriously wounded. For their heroism, four servicemen received the title of Hero Soviet Union: Colonel D. Leonov and senior lieutenant I. Strelnikov (posthumously), senior lieutenant V. Bubenin and junior sergeant Yu Babansky.
The Soviet-Chinese border conflict was not limited to the Ussuri region in 1969. In the summer of the same year, fighting took place in the Dzungar Pass on the Soviet-Chinese border in Kazakhstan. In general, according to the Soviet side, the Chinese carried out in 1969 several hundred violations of the state border of the USSR. At the end of August 1969, the newspaper Pravda published an editorial about a possible violent strike against China. Such a threat chilled Beijing's warlike fervor.
The battle for Damansky became the first serious clash of the Armed Forces of the USSR with the regular units of another major power since the Second World War. After the Soviet-Chinese negotiations in September 1969, it was decided to give the Damansky Island to the People's Republic of China. The new owners of the island covered the channel, and since then it has become part of the Chinese coast (Zhalanashkol Peninsula).
In 1973, the Daoud (Saur) revolution took place, overthrowing the monarchy in Afghanistan. The first president of Afghanistan was Muhammad Daoud Khan (cousin of the deposed king). In 1978, a new coup d'état took place in Afghanistan: the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), led by Taraki, came to power. The new government was guided by the Soviet Union and its experience of building socialism. This party was formed in 1965 and adhered to a pro-communist orientation. However, much earlier, in 1967, in view of tactical differences, two wings took shape in it: "Khalk" ("People"), led by N.M. Taraki and "Parchan" ("Banner"), led by Babark Karmal, who received their names are from the eponymous factional newspapers.
Another powerful force in Afghan society, represented by Islamic fundamentalists, came out against the new government. They relied on broad strata of the population, embittered by Taraki's agrarian and anti-religious policies. The country began Civil War... Unsupported by the people and torn apart by internal strife, the Kabul regime has lost control over much of the country. His opponents, the Mujahideen, were already operating on the outskirts of Kabul. The USSR did not have any other support in Afghanistan besides the rapid surrendering position of the PDPA. Without Soviet military intervention, which Taraki had asked for more than once, the regime loyal to Moscow could not hold out for long. In the event of its fall, the USSR lost all its positions in Afghanistan, which was becoming the second Islamic border state hostile to Moscow after Iran.
In September 1979, Taraki was overthrown by his closest associate Amin. The new Afghan leader was dangerous to Moscow as an unscrupulous usurper of power, ready to easily change his patrons. In addition, the arrival of Amin was marked by a new wave of internal party purges, which threatened to destroy the entire PDPA party. For the Kremlin, the loyal and predictable Babrak Karmal, who was then in Prague, seemed a more suitable protege.
Since October 1979, the USSR began systematic preparations for the entry of troops. On December 25, military transport aircraft began to land at the airfields in Kabul and Bagrama. They delivered the 105th Airborne Division and special forces to Afghanistan, which had the task of eliminating Amin. Until the last minute, the paratroopers were not privy to the plans of the top leadership. It took forty-seven hours to transfer the personnel, during which 343 flights were made. 7,700 paratroopers and 894 units of military equipment were delivered to Kabul and Bagram. Almost simultaneously, in the area of the city of Termez, motorized rifle units crossed the Soviet-Afghan border on a built pontoon bridge. On December 27, units of the Soviet special forces were stormed presidential palace Dar-ul-Aman, Kabul radio and other important objects. Amin was eliminated. Babrak Karmal, who arrived with Soviet troops, became the President of Afghanistan.
At a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU on December 27, measures were considered for propaganda support for the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan and the transfer of power to Babrak Karmal. By this decision, the truth about the Afghan war was hidden from the Soviet people for a long time.
The next stage of the operation consisted in crossing the state border and marching along the routes Termez - Kabul - Ghazni and Kushka - Herat - Kandahar, to encircle the most important administrative centers of the country. Fulfilling this task, the first motorized rifle division (12 thousand people) moved in the direction of Kushka - Kandahar, and other forces through Termez, the Salang pass - to Bagram and Kabul. Part of the Soviet troops from Kabul went to Gardes.
Until January 1, 1980, 50 thousand troops were introduced, including two airborne and two motorized rifle divisions. In January 1980, two more motorized rifle divisions entered Afghanistan, and the total number of Soviet troops reached 80 thousand people. During the first half of 1980, the Soviet military contingent continued to grow, especially with four combat aviation regiments, three helicopter regiments and various separate brigades and regiments.
Since the winter of 1980/81, the opposition has intensified its sabotage and terrorist activities. Instead of large formations of 500-1000 people, small detachments of 30-40 people and even smaller groups of 2-3 terrorists began to operate. The objects of sabotage were industrial enterprises, transport, irrigation and energy facilities. In the course of these actions, the opposition began to suffer noticeable losses of the Soviet military contingent, which was primarily used to carry out tasks to protect state and other facilities of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
If in 1979 the loss of personnel amounted to 86 people, then in 1980 - 1484, in 1981 - 1298, in 1982 - 1948, in 1983 - 1446, in 1984 - 2343, in 1985 - 1868, in 1986 - 1333, in 1987 - 1215, in 1988 - 759, in 1989 - 53 people.
Almost immediately after the introduction of Soviet troops, attempts were made to resolve the "Afghan problem" politically. However, it was not until 1986 that the DRA leadership put forward a program of a policy of national reconciliation. This new course was directly influenced by the perestroika that began in the USSR and the new political thinking of the Soviet leadership, headed by Mikhail Gorbachev, in the field of foreign policy. The policy of national reconciliation included: negotiations with the armed opposition; creation of conditions for the return to their homeland of all refugees; a political and military amnesty for all Afghans who have stopped fighting against the existing government, and even the formation of a coalition government. As a result of this new policy, new forces came to the leadership of the PDPA, and M. Najibullah became the General Secretary of the Central Committee in May 1986. On November 30, 1987, in accordance with the new constitution of Afghanistan, at a meeting of representatives of all segments of the population, Najibullah was elected president of the country.
After that, the DRA government allowed the unhindered return to their homeland of all refugees, guaranteed the rights and freedoms of all DRA citizens who had ended the armed struggle, and by October 1989 signed agreements on the cessation of hostilities with 2/3 of all field commanders of the Afghan opposition.
In late 1988 - early 1989, meetings were held between representatives of the USSR and the Afghan opposition, as well as with representatives of the Pakistani, Iranian leadership and the former king of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah, to end the war, restore peace in the country and form a coalition government. In the framework of these negotiations, the USSR confirmed that it would fully fulfill the obligations assumed in Geneva on April 14, 1988 for a political settlement of the situation around Afghanistan. By February 15, 1989, the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan was completed, which was monitored by UN observers.
Based on materials from the portal "Great Wars in the History of Russia"
After World War II, the USSR took part in many local military conflicts. This participation was unofficial and even secret. The exploits of Soviet soldiers in these wars will forever remain unknown.
By the end of World War II, China had two governments, and the country's territory was divided into two parts. One of them was controlled by the Kuomintang party, headed by Chiang Kai-shek, the second - by the communist government headed by Mao Zedong. The United States supported the Kuomintang, and the USSR supported the Chinese Communist Party.
The trigger of the war was launched in March 1946, when a 310,000-strong Kuomintang force group, with the direct support of the United States, launched an offensive against the CPC positions. They captured almost all of South Manchuria, pushing the Communists across the Songhua River. At the same time, relations with the USSR began to deteriorate - the Kuomintang, under various pretexts, did not fulfill the terms of the Soviet-Chinese treaty "on friendship and alliance": the property of the Chinese Eastern Railway was plundered, Soviet media were closed, anti-Soviet organizations were created.
In 1947, Soviet pilots, tank crews and gunners arrived at the United Democratic Army (later the People's Liberation Army of China). The decisive role in the subsequent victory of the CPC was also played by the weapons supplied to the Chinese communists from the USSR. According to some reports, in the fall of 1945 alone, the PLA received from the USSR 327,877 rifles and carbines, 5207 machine guns, 5219 artillery pieces, 743 tanks and armored vehicles, 612 aircraft, as well as ships of the Sungaria flotilla.
In addition, Soviet military specialists developed a strategic defense and counteroffensive management plan. All this contributed to the success of the NAO and the establishment of the communist regime of Mao Zedong. During the war, about a thousand Soviet soldiers died on the territory of China.
For a long time, information about the participation of the armed forces of the USSR in the Korean War was classified. At the beginning of the conflict, the Kremlin did not plan for the participation of Soviet military personnel in it, however, the large-scale involvement of the United States in the confrontation between the two Koreas changed the position of the Soviet Union. In addition, the provocations of the Americans also influenced the Kremlin's decision to enter the conflict: for example, on October 8, 1950, two American attack aircraft even bombed the Pacific Fleet Air Force base in the Sukhaya Rechka area.
The military support of the DPRK by the Soviet Union was mainly aimed at repelling the US aggression and was carried out at the expense of gratuitous supplies of weapons. Specialists from the USSR trained command, staff and engineering personnel.
The main military assistance was provided by aviation: Soviet pilots flew combat missions in MiG-15s, repainted in the colors of the Chinese Air Force. At the same time, the pilots were forbidden to operate over the Yellow Sea and pursue enemy aircraft south of the Pyongyang-Wonsan line.
Military advisers from the USSR were present at the front headquarters only in civilian clothes, under the guise of correspondents of the Pravda newspaper. This special "camouflage" is mentioned in Stalin's telegram to General Shtykov, an employee of the Far Eastern Department of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
It is still unclear how many Soviet soldiers were actually in Korea. According to official figures, during the conflict, the USSR lost 315 people and 335 MiG-15 fighters. By comparison, the Korean War claimed the lives of 54,246,000 Americans and wounded over 103,000.
In 1945, the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed, power in the country passed to the communist leader Ho Chi Minh. But the West was in no hurry to give up its former colonial possessions. Soon French troops landed on the territory of Vietnam in order to restore their influence in the region. In 1954, a document was signed in Geneva, according to which the independence of Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia was recognized, and the country was divided into two parts: North Vietnam, headed by Ho Chi Minh, and South Vietnam, with Ngo Dinh Diem. The latter quickly lost popularity among the people, and a guerrilla war broke out in South Vietnam, especially since the impenetrable jungle provided it with high efficiency.
On March 2, 1965, the United States began regular bombing raids on North Vietnam, accusing the country of expanding partisan movement on South. The Soviet Union's reaction was immediate. Since 1965, large-scale deliveries of military equipment, specialists and soldiers to Vietnam began. Everything happened in the strictest secrecy.
According to the memoirs of the veterans, before the flight, the soldiers were dressed in civilian clothes, their letters home were so severely censored that if they fell into the hands of a stranger, the latter could understand only one thing: the authors are resting somewhere in the south and enjoying their serene vacation.
The participation of the USSR in the Vietnam War was so secret that it is still not clear what role the Soviet servicemen played in this conflict. There are numerous legends about Soviet aces pilots fighting "phantoms", whose collective image was embodied in the pilot Li-Si-Tsyn from a famous folk song. However, according to the recollections of the participants in the events, our pilots were strictly forbidden to engage in combat with American planes. The exact number and names of Soviet soldiers who participated in the conflict are still unknown.
The national liberation movement in Algeria, which gained momentum after the Second World War, in 1954 grew into a real war against French colonial rule. In the conflict, the USSR took the side of the rebels. Khrushchev noted that the struggle of the Algerians against the French organizers is in the nature of a liberation war, in connection with which the UN should support it.
However, the Soviet Union provided the Algerians with more than just diplomatic support: the Kremlin supplied the Algerian army with weapons and military personnel.
The Soviet military contributed to the organizational strengthening of the Algerian army, participated in planning operations against the French troops, as a result of which the latter had to negotiate.
The parties entered into an agreement according to which hostilities ceased and Algeria was granted independence.
After the signing of the agreement, the Soviet sappers carried out the largest demining operation in the country. During the war, French sapper battalions on the border of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia mined a strip from 3 to 15 km, where there were up to 20 thousand "surprises" per kilometer. Soviet sappers cleared 1,350 sq. km of territory, destroying 2 million antipersonnel mines.
1. Soviet-Polish war, 1920 It began on April 25, 1920 with a surprise attack by Polish troops, which had more than a two-fold advantage in manpower (148 thousand people against 65 thousand in the Red Army). By the beginning of May, the Polish army reached Pripyat and the Dnieper, occupied Kiev. In May-June, positional battles began, in June-August the Red Army went on the offensive, conducted a number of successful operations (May operation, Kiev operation, Novograd-Volynskaya, July, Rovno operation) and reached Warsaw and Lvov. But such a sharp breakthrough turned into a separation from the supply units and carts. The first cavalry army found itself face to face with the superior forces of the enemy. Having lost many people as prisoners, the Red Army units were forced to retreat. In October, negotiations began, which five months later culminated in the signing of the Riga Peace Treaty, according to which the territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus were torn away from the Soviet state.
2. Soviet-Chinese conflict, 1929 Provoked by the Chinese military on July 10, 1929. In violation of the 1924 agreement on the joint use of the Sino-Eastern Railway, which was built in the late 19th century Russian Empire, the Chinese side captured it, arrested over 200 citizens of our country. After that, the Chinese concentrated the 132,000-strong group in the immediate vicinity of the USSR borders. Violations of Soviet borders and shelling of Soviet territory began. After unsuccessful attempts to peacefully achieve mutual understanding and settlement of the conflict, the Soviet government was forced to take measures to protect the country's territorial integrity. In August, the Special Far Eastern Army was created under the command of V.K. Blucher, which in October, together with the Amur Flotilla, defeated the groupings of Chinese troops in the areas of the cities of Lahasusu and Fugdin and destroyed the enemy's Sungari flotilla. In November, the successful Manchurian-Chzhalainor and Mishanfus operations were carried out, during which the first Soviet T-18 (MS-1) tanks were used for the first time. On December 22, the Khabarovsk Protocol was signed, which restored the previous status quo.
3. Armed conflict with Japan at Lake Hassan, 1938 Provoked by the Japanese aggressors. Having concentrated 3 infantry divisions, a cavalry regiment and a mechanized brigade in the area of Lake Khasan, the Japanese aggressors at the end of June 1938 captured the Bezymyannaya and Zaozernaya heights, which were of strategic importance for the area. On August 6-9, Soviet troops, with the forces of 2 rifle divisions and a mechanized brigade pushed into the conflict area, drove the Japanese out of these heights. On August 11, hostilities ceased. The pre-conflict status quo was established.
4. Armed conflict on the Khalkhin-Gol river, 1939 On July 2, 1939, after numerous provocations that began in May, Japanese troops (38 thousand people, 310 guns, 135 tanks, 225 aircraft) invaded Mongolia in order to seize a bridgehead on the western bank of Khalkhin Gol and subsequently defeat the opposing Soviet grouping (12, 5 thousand people, 109 guns, 186 tanks, 266 armored vehicles, 82 aircraft). In the course of three days of fighting, the Japanese were defeated and were driven back to the east bank of the river.
In August, the Japanese 6th Army (75,000 men, 500 guns, 182 tanks) was deployed in the Khalkhin Gol area, supported by over 300 aircraft. Soviet-Mongolian troops (57 thousand people, 542 guns, 498 tanks, 385 armored vehicles) supported by 515 aircraft on August 20, anticipating the enemy, went on the offensive, surrounded and by the end of the month destroyed the Japanese group. Air battles continued until 15 September. The enemy lost 61 thousand people killed, wounded and captured, 660 aircraft, Soviet-Mongolian troops lost 18, 5 thousand killed and wounded and 207 aircraft.
This conflict seriously undermined the military power of Japan and showed its government the futility of a large-scale war against our country.
5. Liberation campaign in Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. The disintegration of Poland, this "ugly brainchild of the Versailles system," created the preconditions for the reunification of the West Ukrainian and West Belarusian lands, torn away in the 1920s, with our country. On September 17, 1939, the troops of the Belarusian and Kiev special military districts crossed the former state border, reached the border of the Western Bug and San rivers and occupied these areas. During the campaign, there were no major clashes with Polish troops.
In November 1939, the lands of Ukraine and Belarus, liberated from the Polish yoke, were accepted into our state.
This campaign helped to strengthen the defense capability of our country.
6. Soviet-Finnish war. It began on November 30, 1939 after numerous unsuccessful attempts to achieve the signing of an agreement on the exchange of territories between the USSR and Finland. According to this agreement, the exchange of territories was supposed - the USSR would transfer part of Eastern Karelia to Finland, and Finland would transfer the Hanko Peninsula, some islands in the Gulf of Finland and the Karelian Isthmus to our country. All this was vital to ensure the defense of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). However, the Finnish government refused to sign such an agreement. Moreover, the Finnish government began to arrange provocations at the border. The USSR was forced to defend itself, as a result of which on November 30 the Red Army crossed the border and entered the territory of Finland. The leadership of our country counted on the fact that within three weeks the Red Army would enter Helsinki and occupy the entire territory of Finland. However, a short-lived war did not work out - the Red Army stalled in front of the "Mannerheim Line" - a well-fortified strip of defensive structures. And only on February 11, after the reorganization of the troops and after the strongest artillery barrage, the Mannerheim line was broken through, and the Red Army began to develop a successful offensive. On March 5, Vyborg was occupied, and on March 12, an agreement was signed in Moscow, according to which all the territories required by the USSR were part of it. Our country received on lease the Hanko Peninsula for the construction of a naval base, the Karelian Isthmus with the city of Vyborg, the city of Sortavala in Karelia. The city of Leningrad was now reliably defended.
7. Great Patriotic War 1941-45 It began on June 22, 1941 with a surprise attack by German troops and its satellites (190 divisions, 5.5 million people, 4300 tanks and assault guns, 47.2 thousand guns, 4980 combat aircraft), which were opposed by 170 Soviet divisions, 2 brigades, numbering 2 680 million people, 37.5 thousand guns and mortars, 1475 T-34 and KV 1 tanks and over 15 thousand tanks of other models). At the first, most difficult stage of the war (June 22, 1941 - November 18, 1942), Soviet troops were forced to retreat. In order to increase the combat effectiveness of the armed forces, mobilization of 13 ages was carried out, new formations and units were formed, and a people's militia was created.
In the border battles in Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, the Baltic States, Karelia, in the Arctic, Soviet troops bled the enemy's strike forces and managed to significantly slow down the enemy's advance. The main events unfolded in the Moscow direction, where, in the battles for Smolensk that unfolded in August, the Red Army, having launched a counteroffensive, forced German troops to go on the defensive for the first time in World War II. The battle for Moscow, which began on September 30, 1941, ended in early 1942 with the complete defeat of the German forces advancing on the capital. Until December 5, Soviet troops were defensive battles holding back and grinding the finest German divisions. On December 5-6, the Red Army launched a counteroffensive and threw the enemy back 150-400 kilometers from the capital.
On the northern flank, a successful Tikhvin operation was carried out, which helped to divert German forces from Moscow, and in the south - Rostov offensive. Soviet army began to snatch the strategic initiative from the hands of the Wehrmacht, but finally it passed to our army on November 19, 1942, when the offensive began at Stalingrad, which ended with the encirclement and defeat of the 6th German army.
In 1943, as a result of the battles on the Kursk Bulge, Army Group Center was inflicted significant defeat. As a result of the offensive that began, by the fall of 1943, Left-Bank Ukraine and its capital, the city of Kiev, were liberated.
The next year, 1944, was marked by the completion of the liberation of Ukraine, the liberation of Belarus, the Baltic states, the exit of the Red Army to the border of the USSR, the liberation of Sofia, Belgrade and some other European capitals. The war was approaching inexorably towards Germany. But before its victorious end in May 1945, there were also battles for Warsaw, Budapest, Konigsberg, Prague and Berlin, where on May 8, 1945, the act of unconditional surrender of Germany was signed, which put an end to the most terrible war in the history of our country. The war that claimed the lives of 30 million of our compatriots.
8.Soviet-Japanese war, 1945 On August 9, 1945, the USSR, faithful to its allied duty and obligations assumed, launched a war against imperialist Japan. Leading an offensive on a front of more than 5 thousand kilometers, Soviet troops, in cooperation with the Pacific Fleet and the Amur Military Flotilla, defeated the Kwantung Army. Having advanced 600-800 kilometers. They liberated Northeast China, North Korea, South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. The enemy lost 667 thousand people, and our country returned what belonged to it by right - South Sakhalin and the Kuriles, which are strategic territories for our country.
9 War in Afghanistan, 1979-89 The last war in the history of the Soviet Union was the war in Afghanistan, which began on December 25, 1979 and was caused not only by our country's obligation under the Soviet-Afghan agreement, but also by the objective need to protect our strategic interests in the Central Asian region.
Until the mid-1980s, Soviet troops did not participate directly in hostilities, being engaged only in the protection of important strategic objects, escorting convoys with national economic goods. However, with the increase in the intensity of hostilities, the Soviet military contingent was forced to engage in battles. To suppress the rebels, large military operations were carried out in various provinces of Afghanistan, in particular, in Panjshir against the gangs of the field commander Ahmad Shah Massoud, to unblock a large provincial center - the city of Khost and others.
The Soviet troops bravely fulfilled all the tasks assigned to them. They left Afghanistan on February 15, 1989, leaving with flying banners, music and marches. They left as winners.
10. Undeclared wars of the USSR. In addition to the above, parts of our armed forces took part in local conflicts in hot spots of the world, defending their strategic interests. Here is a list of countries and conflicts. Where our soldiers participated:
Chinese Civil War: from 1946 to 1950.
Fighting in North Korea from China: from June 1950 to July 1953.
Fighting in Hungary: 1956 year.
Fighting in Laos:
from January 1960 to December 1963;
from August 1964 to November 1968;
from November 1969 to December 1970.
Fighting in Algeria:
1962 - 1964.
Caribbean crisis:
Fighting in Czechoslovakia:
Fighting on Damansky Island:
March 1969.
Fighting in the area of Lake Zhalanashkol:
August 1969.
Fighting in Egypt (United Arab Republic):
from October 1962 to March 1963;
June 1967;
from March 1969 to July 1972;
Fighting in the Yemen Arab Republic:
from October 1962 to March 1963 and
from November 1967 to December 1969.
Fighting in Vietnam:
from January 1961 to December 1974.
Fighting in Syria:
June 1967;
March - July 1970;
September - November 1972;
October 1973.
Fighting in Mozambique:
1967 - 1969;
Fighting in Cambodia:
April - December 1970.
Fighting in Bangladesh:
1972 - 1973.
Fighting in Angola:
from November 1975 to November 1979.
Fighting in Ethiopia:
from December 1977 to November 1979.
Fighting in Syria and Lebanon:
June 1982.
In all these conflicts, our soldiers have shown themselves to be courageous, selfless sons of their Fatherland. Many of them died defending our country on the distant approaches to it from the encroachments of dark enemy forces. And it is not their fault that now the line of confrontation runs through the Caucasus, Central Asia and other regions of the former Great Empire.
March 12th, 2016
1. Soviet-Polish war, 1920 It began on April 25, 1920 with a surprise attack by Polish troops, which had more than a two-fold advantage in manpower (148 thousand people against 65 thousand in the Red Army). By the beginning of May, the Polish army reached Pripyat and the Dnieper, occupied Kiev. In May-June, positional battles began, in June-August the Red Army went on the offensive, conducted a number of successful operations (May operation, Kiev operation, Novograd-Volynskaya, July, Rovno operation) and reached Warsaw and Lvov. But such a sharp breakthrough turned into a separation from the supply units and carts. The first cavalry army found itself face to face with the superior forces of the enemy. Having lost many people as prisoners, the Red Army units were forced to retreat. In October, negotiations began, which five months later culminated in the signing of the Riga Peace Treaty, according to which the territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus were torn away from the Soviet state.
2. Soviet-Chinese conflict, 1929 Provoked by the Chinese military on July 10, 1929. In violation of the 1924 agreement on the joint use of the Chinese-Eastern Railway, which was built at the end of the 19th century by the Russian Empire, the Chinese side seized it and arrested over 200 citizens of our country. After that, the Chinese concentrated the 132,000-strong group in the immediate vicinity of the USSR borders. Violations of Soviet borders and shelling of Soviet territory began. After unsuccessful attempts to peacefully achieve mutual understanding and settlement of the conflict, the Soviet government was forced to take measures to protect the country's territorial integrity. In August, the Special Far Eastern Army was created under the command of V.K. Blucher, which in October, together with the Amur Military Flotilla, defeated the groupings of Chinese troops in the areas of the cities of Lahasusu and Fugdin and destroyed the enemy's Sungari flotilla. In November, the successful Manchurian-Chzhalainor and Mishanfus operations were carried out, during which the first Soviet T-18 (MS-1) tanks were used for the first time. On December 22, the Khabarovsk Protocol was signed, which restored the previous status quo.
3. Armed conflict with Japan at Lake Hassan, 1938 Provoked by the Japanese aggressors. Having concentrated 3 infantry divisions, a cavalry regiment and a mechanized brigade in the area of Lake Khasan, the Japanese aggressors at the end of June 1938 captured the Bezymyannaya and Zaozernaya heights, which were of strategic importance for the area. On August 6-9, Soviet troops, with the forces of 2 rifle divisions and a mechanized brigade pushed into the conflict area, drove the Japanese out of these heights. On August 11, hostilities ceased. The pre-conflict status quo was established.
4. Armed conflict on the Khalkhin-Gol river, 1939 On July 2, 1939, after numerous provocations that began in May, Japanese troops (38 thousand people, 310 guns, 135 tanks, 225 aircraft) invaded Mongolia in order to seize a bridgehead on the western bank of Khalkhin Gol and subsequently defeat the opposing Soviet grouping (12, 5 thousand people, 109 guns, 186 tanks, 266 armored vehicles, 82 aircraft). In the course of three days of fighting, the Japanese were defeated and were driven back to the east bank of the river.
In August, the Japanese 6th Army (75,000 men, 500 guns, 182 tanks) was deployed in the Khalkhin Gol area, supported by over 300 aircraft. Soviet-Mongolian troops (57 thousand people, 542 guns, 498 tanks, 385 armored vehicles) supported by 515 aircraft on August 20, anticipating the enemy, went on the offensive, surrounded and by the end of the month destroyed the Japanese group. Air battles continued until 15 September. The enemy lost 61 thousand people killed, wounded and captured, 660 aircraft, Soviet-Mongolian troops lost 18, 5 thousand killed and wounded and 207 aircraft.
This conflict seriously undermined the military power of Japan and showed its government the futility of a large-scale war against our country.
5. Liberation campaign in Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. The disintegration of Poland, this "ugly brainchild of the Versailles system," created the preconditions for the reunification of the West Ukrainian and West Belarusian lands, torn away in the 1920s, with our country. On September 17, 1939, the troops of the Belarusian and Kiev special military districts crossed the former state border, reached the border of the Western Bug and San rivers and occupied these areas. During the campaign, there were no major clashes with Polish troops.
In November 1939, the lands of Ukraine and Belarus, liberated from the Polish yoke, were accepted into our state.
This campaign helped to strengthen the defense capability of our country.
6. Soviet-Finnish war. It began on November 30, 1939 after numerous unsuccessful attempts to achieve the signing of an agreement on the exchange of territories between the USSR and Finland. According to this agreement, the exchange of territories was supposed - the USSR would transfer part of Eastern Karelia to Finland, and Finland would transfer the Hanko Peninsula, some islands in the Gulf of Finland and the Karelian Isthmus to our country. All this was vital to ensure the defense of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). However, the Finnish government refused to sign such an agreement. Moreover, the Finnish government began to arrange provocations at the border. The USSR was forced to defend itself, as a result of which on November 30 the Red Army crossed the border and entered the territory of Finland. The leadership of our country counted on the fact that within three weeks the Red Army would enter Helsinki and occupy the entire territory of Finland. However, a short-lived war did not work out - the Red Army stalled in front of the "Mannerheim Line" - a well-fortified strip of defensive structures. And only on February 11, after the reorganization of the troops and after the strongest artillery barrage, the Mannerheim line was broken through, and the Red Army began to develop a successful offensive. On March 5, Vyborg was occupied, and on March 12, an agreement was signed in Moscow, according to which all the territories required by the USSR were part of it. Our country received on lease the Hanko Peninsula for the construction of a naval base, the Karelian Isthmus with the city of Vyborg, the city of Sortavala in Karelia. The city of Leningrad was now reliably defended.
7. The Great Patriotic War, 1941-45. It began on June 22, 1941 with a surprise attack by German troops and its satellites (190 divisions, 5.5 million people, 4300 tanks and assault guns, 47.2 thousand guns, 4980 combat aircraft), which were opposed by 170 Soviet divisions, 2 brigades, numbering 2 680 million people, 37.5 thousand guns and mortars, 1475 T-34 and KV 1 tanks and over 15 thousand tanks of other models). At the first, most difficult stage of the war (June 22, 1941 - November 18, 1942), Soviet troops were forced to retreat. In order to increase the combat effectiveness of the armed forces, mobilization of 13 ages was carried out, new formations and units were formed, and a people's militia was created.
In the border battles in Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, the Baltic States, Karelia, in the Arctic, Soviet troops bled the enemy's strike forces and managed to significantly slow down the enemy's advance. The main events unfolded in the Moscow direction, where, in the battles for Smolensk that unfolded in August, the Red Army, having launched a counteroffensive, forced German troops to go on the defensive for the first time in World War II. The battle for Moscow, which began on September 30, 1941, ended in early 1942 with the complete defeat of the German forces advancing on the capital. Until December 5, Soviet troops fought defensive battles, holding back and grinding selected German divisions. On December 5-6, the Red Army launched a counteroffensive and threw the enemy back 150-400 kilometers from the capital.
On the northern flank, the successful Tikhvin operation was carried out, which contributed to the diversion of German forces from Moscow, and in the south - the Rostov offensive operation. The Soviet army began to wrest the strategic initiative from the hands of the Wehrmacht, but finally it passed to our army on November 19, 1942, when the offensive began at Stalingrad, which ended with the encirclement and defeat of the 6th German army.
In 1943, as a result of the battles on the Kursk Bulge, Army Group Center was inflicted significant defeat. As a result of the offensive that began, by the fall of 1943, Left-Bank Ukraine and its capital, the city of Kiev, were liberated.
The next year, 1944, was marked by the completion of the liberation of Ukraine, the liberation of Belarus, the Baltic states, the exit of the Red Army to the border of the USSR, the liberation of Sofia, Belgrade and some other European capitals. The war was approaching inexorably towards Germany. But before its victorious end in May 1945, there were also battles for Warsaw, Budapest, Konigsberg, Prague and Berlin, where on May 8, 1945, the act of unconditional surrender of Germany was signed, which put an end to the most terrible war in the history of our country. The war that claimed the lives of 30 million of our compatriots.
8.Soviet-Japanese war, 1945 On August 9, 1945, the USSR, faithful to its allied duty and obligations assumed, launched a war against imperialist Japan. Leading an offensive on a front of more than 5 thousand kilometers, Soviet troops, in cooperation with the Pacific Fleet and the Amur Military Flotilla, defeated the Kwantung Army. Having advanced 600-800 kilometers. They liberated Northeast China, North Korea, South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. The enemy lost 667 thousand people, and our country returned what belonged to it by right - South Sakhalin and the Kuriles, which are strategic territories for our country.
9 War in Afghanistan, 1979-89 The last war in the history of the Soviet Union was the war in Afghanistan, which began on December 25, 1979 and was caused not only by our country's obligation under the Soviet-Afghan agreement, but also by the objective need to protect our strategic interests in the Central Asian region.
Until the mid-1980s, Soviet troops did not participate directly in hostilities, being engaged only in the protection of important strategic objects, escorting convoys with national economic goods. However, with the increase in the intensity of hostilities, the Soviet military contingent was forced to engage in battles. To suppress the rebels, large military operations were carried out in various provinces of Afghanistan, in particular, in Panjshir against the gangs of the field commander Ahmad Shah Massoud, to unblock a large provincial center - the city of Khost and others.
The Soviet troops bravely fulfilled all the tasks assigned to them. They left Afghanistan on February 15, 1989, leaving with flying banners, music and marches. They left as winners.
10. Undeclared wars of the USSR. In addition to the above, parts of our armed forces took part in local conflicts in hot spots of the world, defending their strategic interests. Here is a list of countries and conflicts. Where our soldiers participated:
Chinese Civil War: 1946 to 1950
Fighting in North Korea from China: June 1950 to July 1953.
Fighting in Hungary: 1956
Fighting in Laos:
from January 1960 to December 1963;
from August 1964 to November 1968;
from November 1969 to December 1970.
Fighting in Algeria:
1962 - 1964.
Caribbean crisis:
Fighting in Czechoslovakia:
Fighting on Damansky Island:
March 1969.
Fighting in the area of Lake Zhalanashkol:
August 1969.
Fighting in Egypt (United Arab Republic):
from October 1962 to March 1963;
June 1967;
from March 1969 to July 1972;
Fighting in the Yemen Arab Republic:
from October 1962 to March 1963 and
from November 1967 to December 1969.
Fighting in Vietnam:
from January 1961 to December 1974.
Fighting in Syria:
June 1967;
March - July 1970;
September - November 1972;
October 1973.
Fighting in Mozambique:
1967 - 1969;
Fighting in Cambodia:
April - December 1970.
Fighting in Bangladesh:
1972 - 1973.
Fighting in Angola:
from November 1975 to November 1979.
Fighting in Ethiopia:
from December 1977 to November 1979.
Fighting in Syria and Lebanon:
June 1982.
In all these conflicts, our soldiers have shown themselves to be courageous, selfless sons of their Fatherland. Many of them died defending our country on the distant approaches to it from the encroachments of dark enemy forces. And it is not their fault that now the line of confrontation runs through the Caucasus, Central Asia and other regions of the former Great Empire.
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We often hear that the West is waging almost aggressive wars across the planet, imposing its ideology on other countries. At the same time, we, Russians, are a peaceful nation, which may enter into conflicts, but only exclusively defending our Motherland. And then - in order to fight off the aggressors.
Let's leave the lyrics and face the facts. These data were taken not from somewhere, from the Appendix to the federal law "On veterans" No. 5-FZ. It is clear that the state does not give out benefits for nothing, so this is a list of real wars in which the USSR and then Russia took part. My role is reduced only to numbering - in order to assess the scale.
There will be no comment at the end of the list. And so everyone will understand when they attacked us, and when, in reality, our country climbed somewhere and to someone. It seems to me that the answer to the question posed by the Prime Minister of Ukraine Arseniy Yatsenyuk to the Russian delegation during the UN meeting
Do the Russians want war?
for many thinking people, even after a cursory glance at this list and without any comments, it will be obvious.
2. Soviet-Polish war: March - October 1920
3. Fighting in Spain: 1936 - 1939
7. Combat operations to eliminate the Basmachi: from October 1922 to June 1931
10. Fighting during the reunification of the USSR, Western Ukraine and Western Belarus: from 17 to 28 September 1939
11. Military operations in China: from August 1924 to July 1927;
12. Military operations in China: October - November 1929;
13. Military operations in China: from July 1937 to September 1944;
14. Fighting in China: July - September 1945;
15. Combat operations in China: from March 1946 to April 1949;
16. Combat operations in China: March - May 1950 (for the personnel of the Air Defense Forces);
17. Fighting in China: from June 1950 to July 1953 (for the personnel of military units that took part in the hostilities in North Korea from the territory of China)
18. Fighting in Hungary: 1956
19. Fighting in the area of Damansky Island: March 1969
20. Fighting in the area of Lake Zhalanashkol: August 1969
21. Fighting in Algeria: 1962 - 1964
22. Fighting in Egypt (United Arab Republic):
from October 1962 to March 1963;
23. Fighting in Egypt (United Arab Republic): June 1967;
24. Fighting in Egypt (United Arab Republic): 1968;
25. Fighting in Egypt (United Arab Republic): March 1969 to July 1972;
26. Fighting in Egypt (United Arab Republic): October 1973 to March 1974;
27. Combat operations in Egypt (United Arab Republic): from June 1974 to February 1975 (for the personnel of the minesweepers of the Black Sea and Pacific fleets who participated in the clearance of the Suez Canal zone);
28. Fighting in the Yemen Arab Republic: from October 1962 to March 1963;
29. Fighting in the Yemen Arab Republic: from November 1967 to December 1969;
30. Combat operations in Vietnam: from January 1961 to December 1974, including for the personnel of reconnaissance ships of the Pacific Fleet, solving the tasks of combat service in the South China Sea;
31. Fighting in Syria: June 1967;
32. Fighting in Syria: March - July 1970;
33. Fighting in Syria: September - November 1972;
34. Fighting in Syria: October 1973;
35. Fighting in Angola: from November 1975 to November 1992;
36. Fighting in Mozambique: 1967 - 1969;
37. Fighting in Mozambique: from November 1975 to November 1979;
38. Fighting in Mozambique: from March 1984 to August 1988;
39. Fighting in Ethiopia: December 1977 to November 1990;
40. Fighting in Ethiopia: May 2000 to December 2000
42. Fighting in Cambodia: April - December 1970;
43. Combat operations in Bangladesh: 1972 - 1973 (for the personnel of ships and auxiliary vessels of the USSR Navy)
44. Fighting in Laos: from January 1960 to December 1963;
45. Fighting in Laos: from August 1964 to November 1968;
46. Fighting in Laos: from November 1969 to December 1970
47. Fighting in Syria and Lebanon: June 1982
48. Fulfillment of tasks in the conditions of an armed conflict in the Chechen Republic and on the adjacent territories of the Russian Federation classified as a zone of armed conflict: from December 1994 to December 1996
49. Fulfillment of tasks during counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus region: since August 1999
50. Fulfillment of tasks to ensure the safety and protection of citizens of the Russian Federation living in the territories of the Republic South Ossetia and the Republic of Abkhazia: from 8 to 22 August 2008
