Input distribution devices (ASU) are used at various facilities to receive and further distribute electricity to local consumers. ASPs are also designed to protect network consumers from emergency overload and short circuits. With the help of control devices installed in the ASU, electricity consumption is recorded and control over the correct distribution of the load over the network. At the request of the customer, electricity consumption meters can be installed either comprehensively or for each individual consumer. Basically, the production of ASU is carried out for the normal operation of the device when connected to a power network with a voltage of 220 - 380V AC with a frequency of 50 - 60 Hz with a solid ground.
The scope of application of input distribution devices is very wide. They are used on all types of structures. These can be both industrial facilities and residential (or public) structures.
The power consumption parameters of the facility and the requirements for the metering, control and distribution equipment of the ASU, as a rule, are provided for by the design documentation.
The assembly of the ASU is carried out in strict compliance with the customer's requirements, which ensures further reliable trouble-free operation of the electrical network. The production of ASU according to standard models is also popular.
ASUs are a one-sided panel closed in a protective steel box, on which control and accounting and distribution automatic electrical appliances are mounted. ASU can be one, two or multi-panel. If necessary, they are collected in sections. The assembly of the ASU can be carried out in a floor or suspended version. 
According to existing standards, the switchgears are designed for a surge current, when closed, up to 20kA with a rated insulation protection up to 1000V. The production of ASU provides for compliance with international parameters of protection against touching the parts of the device under electrical voltage... Taking into account the nuances of the environment in which the object is located, the assembly of the ASU can be performed in various climatic options.
electric-tolk.ru
Mainly ASU serves for receiving and subsequent distribution electrical energy... In addition, this element is designed to protect the consumers connected to it from overloads, short circuits, current leaks and other emergencies. It should also be noted that the input distribution devices are used to account for consumed electricity, as well as to control the correct distribution of the load throughout the entire electrical network. Well, it should be noted that with the help of switchgear installed at the input, operational switching on and off of the equipment that is connected to this section of the circuit can be performed.
The photo below shows how it looks:
In short, the main purpose of the input distribution device is to combine in one place control and protective equipment, as well as devices necessary for measuring and metering electrical energy. Thanks to this, all devices can be compactly assembled on site and controlled from one place, protected from adverse weather conditions and other dangers.
As we said above, ASU is used not only in administrative buildings and in industrial enterprises, but also in residential buildings (private and multi-apartment). When drawing up a power supply project, the location of the input distribution device is indicated, as well as the characteristics of all equipment that will be installed in it. According to the project, it assembles the ASU and further seals the electricity meter.
In a private house, ASU is used if it becomes necessary to distribute the load over several buildings (bathhouse, utility block, garage, summer kitchen, etc.). In this case, the main ASU is installed, after which it is necessary to install an individual switchgear for each individual building.
Input-distribution devices can be completed in different ways, depending on the wishes of the customer and existing requirements. Basically, ASU in the electrical industry are equipped with protective automatics, an electric energy meter, measuring equipment and tires.
If we talk in more detail about the components of the ASU, they are as follows:
In addition, depending on the field of application of switchgears, they can be equipped with current transformers, quartz fuses, voltage limiters, voltmeters, ammeters, arresters, protective equipment and other devices. As already mentioned, the equipment of the ASU depends on the power supply project and the individual preferences of the customer.
samelectrik.ru
Input distribution devices received wide use, they are suitable for installation on any structures where the presence of electrical equipment is provided. ASPs are installed practically at all industrial and production facilities, as well as in residential and public buildings.
With the help of ASU, electricity is supplied to houses of any configuration and number of floors. A building can include groups of premises - offices, business centers, enterprises consumer services and Catering... All required design parameters and technical requirements to a complete set of input-distribution devices are determined in the project documentation.
When assembling the ASP, all customer requirements are met. This allows to fully ensure further reliable and trouble-free operation of electrical networks.
All ASUs are manufactured in the form of a one-sided panel, placed in a closed form, in a protective steel box. In the future, automatic electrical devices for monitoring, metering and distribution of electricity are installed on this panel. Designs of input-distribution devices can include one, two or more panels. In some cases, they are assembled into sections. For complete assembly ASU exists as a floor-standing or suspended version.
At the request of the customer, the device can be included in the package different types circuit breakers, electronic or induction meters capable of accounting for active and reactive electricity. Additionally, test boxes, instrumentation and other devices are installed.
The existing standards assume the resistance of the switchgear to surge current at short circuits up to 20 kA. The rated insulation protection is 1000 volts. In addition, the international protection parameters must be observed in the event of contact with live parts of the device. The assembly of the ASU is carried out taking into account the local climatic conditions.
The input of the main supply cable is made directly to the input automatic device of the device. The rated current is calculated in advance and reflected in the project or terms of reference. An upstream circuit breaker protects electrical wiring during abnormal situations. With its help, it is possible to deliberately turn off the power to carry out work on maintenance networks. In some designs of the ASU, the input machine can be replaced with a switch or a special disconnector.
Arresters are installed behind the input automaton. This is where the phase conductors and the PE protection bus are connected. When impulse overloads occur, the arresters are triggered, the phase voltage hits the PE bus and the final operation of the ASU protection.
The final distribution of the power supply, according to the wire groups, is carried out using circuit breakers with different ratings. Each consumer group is connected to a separate circuit breaker. As additional protective measures, if necessary, an RCD is installed.
The installation of switchgears must ensure an even distribution of the load between all phases. When calculating machines for each phase, the demand coefficient must be taken into account, which determines the probability of maximum load on electrical networks.
In public buildings, residential buildings with a high number of storeys, as well as in small industrial enterprises, the use of input-distribution devices, which are panels, in which one-way or two-way maintenance can be performed, has come into practice.
The set of each such device includes input and distribution panels, or cabinets, manufactured at the factory. In large electrical installation organizations, very often their own designs of ASPs are developed and applied, taking into account individual characteristics this or that object.
Entry panels are equipped with equipment designed to operate at rated currents of 250, 400 and 630 amperes. In panels designed for 250 A, PN-2-250 fuses are installed, as well as a knife switch or a switch-switch. In panels for 400 and 630 A, the same protective and disconnecting devices are installed, in accordance with the rated current.
Distribution panels are manufactured in several versions. In one of them, outgoing lines are equipped with circuit breakers. Other types of panels have automation that allows you to control lighting on stairs and in corridors. Some panels have accounting offices. In addition to automatic machines, distribution panels are equipped with magnetic starters, intermediate relays and packet switches.
In the process of assembling and completing the ASU, the location of the input and distribution panels is carried out next to each other. These elements are manufactured in the form of separate panels, in which all the necessary equipment and devices are pre-assembled. Installation of connecting conductors is provided between the panels. Input and distribution panels have a large number of different schemes, thanks to which you can make the layout of any input-distribution device, based on the electrical circuits of a particular building.
Manufacturing and industrial enterprises are distinguished by the consumption of rather significant capacities. At these facilities, with high energy consumption, special designs of lead-in and distribution panels and cabinets are installed. As a rule, these models are included in the SCHO-70 series. In addition to enterprises, such devices are in substation switchgears, with a voltage of 0.4 kilovolts.
By their design, these devices assume one-way or two-way service. All panels are provided with fuse switches or circuit breakers.
In case of one-way service, the panels are installed in the boards right next to the wall. They are serviced from the front. Panels intended for two-sided maintenance are located freely or separately from the wall, at a distance of at least 80 cm. One-sided panels do not require large areas for their installation and further maintenance and are more economical. However, devices with two-way service are much more convenient during their operation.
Input distribution devices are not only panel types. For their assembly, separate blocks can be used in the form of fuses, switches, circuit breakers, counters and other electronic equipment.
The premises where the ASP are installed should be located in a convenient place accessible only to service personnel. These premises have received another name for electrical control rooms, with limited access for unauthorized persons.
electric-220.ru
Below are the main components that are present in almost every ASU:
According to the PUE, the location of the ASU installation can only be determined using the project. It is strictly forbidden to unauthorizedly install an ASU. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the ASU is located in the basement of the house.
However, the basement is not a safe place in all regions of the Russian Federation. If there is a possibility of flooding, the ASU should be located at least 50 cm above the water level. This is guaranteed to protect the protective devices from imminent failure.
Only trained personnel (that is, not even every electrician) can service the ASU. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to independently perform work in the ASU. Unauthorized repairs may result in a fine.
In particular, apartment buildings have always been equipped with large ASUs. However, progress today allows the use of significantly smaller protective devices. At the same time, their effectiveness in comparison with the previous ones practically did not change.
If the power supply enters the ASU by air line, overvoltage protection must be installed without fail.
The simplest ASU consists of the following protective devices: a three-pole switch, quartz fuses, and three current transformers.
In the event of corrosion on at least one of the elements of the ASU, it should be replaced immediately. To avoid this, it is required to equip the cabinet itself with a sealing tape around the perimeter.
This will protect the ASP from moisture penetration inside.
The video will show control cabinets, ASU and AVR. In particular, the method of production of the aforementioned electrical devices will be shown:
Based on materials: http://npoes.ru/produktsiya/vru.php
euroelectrica.ru
Hello, dear readers of the site "Notes of an Electrician".
In previous articles, I told you in detail about how to properly install electrical wiring in a wooden house.
Today's article will be devoted to the topic of an introductory switchgear, or in abbreviated form - ASU. This phrase has been repeatedly mentioned in my previous articles.
So let's talk about this in more detail, so that you can imagine what it is.
And I also want to add that in this article we will talk about input switchgears (ASU) of residential premises and buildings (administrative, domestic and public).
An input switchgear is a set of protection devices (circuit breakers, fuses, RCDs, difavtomats, etc.), electricity meters (ammeters, voltmeters, electricity meters), electrical equipment (switches, disconnectors, current transformers, busbars, etc.) and building structures, which are installed at the entrance to a residential premises, or a building, including, among other things, protection devices and metering devices for electricity of outgoing lines.
In short, the introductory switchgear is called the ASU.
Here is an example of VRU-0.4 (kV) of a residential apartment building, which we installed during the overhaul of the electrical wiring.
In our own words, we can say that the ASU is an input switchgear that supplies the entire building with electricity. This can be a residential apartment building, a detached office building, or an ordinary private house or a cottage.
As you can see, in the photo above, the color coding of wires and tires is fully observed, which is what I advise you not to neglect when performing installation work.
The place of installation of the input switchgear (ASU) is determined by the project. It is also possible that several ASUs can be located in the building at once.
According to the PUE, clause 7.1.30, the ASP should be installed in specially designed rooms with an ambient temperature of at least +5 o C.
Most often, in apartment buildings, a basement is used for these purposes.
Only trained service personnel have the right to enter the ASU premises, i.e. electrician (PUE, clause 7.1.28).
If there is a risk of flooding the ASU room, then it is necessary to provide for its installation above the flooding mark.
The cabinet of the input switchgear must be installed in an accessible and easily serviced place where there is electric lighting and natural air ventilation. The cabinet must have a degree of protection IP31 or higher, and be located at a distance of at least 1 (m) from the following communications:
The doors of the rooms where the ASU is installed should only open outward (PUE, clause 7.1.29).
zametkielectrika.ru
Main switchboard - a shield through which the power supply of the entire facility or its individual sections is provided. It is installed at the input immediately after transformers 6, 10 / 0.4 kV and performs the function of distributing electricity throughout the facility. The ASU is placed after it in order to distribute food to specific consumers.
The main switchboard is used in three-phase networks with a voltage of 380/220 V and a frequency of 50 Hz and provides protection of lines from overloads, short circuits and voltage leaks. Equipped with anti-emergency automation and devices of various functionality (including ASU, panels SCHO-70 and other equipment).
VRU - devices that ensure the reception and distribution of electricity in the building at a voltage of less than 1000 V of single and three-phase current with a frequency of 50-60 Hz. They also function to protect lines against high currents due to overload or short circuit. Input distribution devices (one or more) are installed at the entrance to the building. If there are several separate consumers in it, it is recommended to install separate ASU for each of them.
For ASU there are restrictions on the maximum input current - no more than 630 A. This is one of the main differences from the main switchboard, which is designed for high performance and has no restrictions on the currents of the input and outgoing supply lines.
VRU is completed with various devices and devices: knife switches, switches, load break switches, fuses, counters and other functional equipment. The input distribution device ensures the prompt switching on and off of individual consumers (parts of buildings) from electricity, as well as various devices and appliances.
VU is a prefabricated electrical device designed for connection and primary protection of the building's electrical network. Power supply of devices and devices included in the design of the VU and installed at the input of the line to the building is carried out from the main switchboard.
Unlike the ASU, the input device does not have circuit breakers for distributing power to individual groups and can be installed not only in the house, but also on the power transmission pole or near the house.
Hello everyone. Input device ASU (in the particular case of VU) necessary element electrical circuit. Multi-storey building, office building, production room, a private house or a cottage, it doesn't matter, everywhere, during construction or major repairs, you can come across a metal cabinet called - input switchgear VRU.
Is an electrical switchgear in the form of a cabinet with a lock, with devices and devices installed in it. Such as: electricity meters, circuit breakers, circuit breakers, fuses, ammeters, voltmeters, etc.
The ASU device serves for the reception, distribution and metering of electrical energy at industrial, residential and administrative facilities. To protect the line and electrical equipment from overloads and short circuits in the network, as well as to carry out operational switching on and off of equipment.
They are installed in special rooms, according to the power supply project, at the power cable entry and supply the entire building with electricity. In residential buildings this is most often a basement, in the same place splitting of the combined neutral conductor is done, so it is more convenient. Served.
ASU cabinet should be located at a distance of at least 1 meter from other communications. In an accessible, well-lit, ventilated area to ensure normal operation and maintenance.
Input and output of power cables is usually done from below, but when ordering installation services and, you can make changes to. If the ASU needs to be powered from the overhead power transmission line, then overvoltage limiters should be installed. The doors of the premises where the switchgear is installed must open outward.
If a building, house or other structure is large, it is recommended to install a separate ASU for each input. After them, additional switchgears can also be installed - RU, with necessary equipment for the operation of electrical consumers of individual apartments and premises. I bring to your attention a video:
Let's analyze some of the elements of the input distribution devices:
Sh wires (conductive, N grounding, PE grounding), copper or aluminum. The wires are connected to the busbars using bolts and washers. To ensure a reliable connection, you must use.
A automatic switches, fuses. The rated current of the circuit breakers is selected according to the electrician's project, or calculated from the power. Intended for protection of electrical wiring from overload, short circuits, overcurrents, etc.
WITH electricity meters. The name says in itself why they are needed.
O voltage limiters, arresters. Impulse overload protection.
V voltmeters and ammeters. For visual control of load current and voltage.
P cables and cables for switching electrical circuit devices. All wires must be insulated, multi-colored, according to GOST:
Don't neglect this! The marking and color of the cores of the wires must be observed throughout the chain, remember this!
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News number 1... 333 comments,. This time it was left by the most active blog commentator Sergey Panagushin. The present is 100 rubles for a mobile phone. Thanks for the additions, Sergey, your comments are the best!
Like everything, the input switchgear of the VRU was dismantled, if there are additions, leave comments. Coming soon - VRU for a cottage or a private house, subscribe to the news, if interested.
The final stage in the organization of the electrical transport network is represented by the installation of distribution and converting devices. They can also be found at intermediate nodes of trunk lines, but this concept of branching of energy delivery loops is most vividly manifested at the stage of direct supply of final objects. Input distribution devices (ASU) such as transformers, fuse switches, etc. are responsible for this function.
As the name implies, ASU systems perform the tasks of entering and distributing electricity at consumption objects. Physically, an ASU is a set of technical means that provide power control, current conversion, its measurement in various parameters and accounting. For a more complete understanding of what an ASU is, it is worth familiarizing yourself with some device modifications and their purpose. So, at a basic level, the following classification is used:
Most often, the means VRU-1 and VRU-3 are used. These are devices directly involved in the processes of receiving, metering and distributing energy in 220/380 V networks with a frequency of 50 Hz. Some modifications additionally perform protective functions in cases of overloads and short circuits.
The workflow begins with the receipt of electricity from the backbone network. The power cable supplies current to the input automation in accordance with the standard values (rated current). Already at this stage, counters and other measuring devices can be included in the work, measuring the parameters of the current at the input. Again, it is worth recalling what an ASU is in terms of functionality. This is a complex of different devices, sometimes performing tasks of a completely different spectrum. A protective function can be performed in parallel with the measuring function. So, the input switch as a whole controls the power supply and when registering deviations from normative values or the occurrence of abnormal situations turns off the machine. Technically, the switch is implemented in the form of a switch or disconnector - manual or automatic.
Further, a group of arresters comes into operation, providing the connection of the wires in phases. At this stage, the voltage parameters are necessarily fixed and, if necessary, they are corrected by transformers. Distribution is carried out in groups of wires by means of circuit breakers with different or similar ratings. The current parameters on each circuit depend on the needs of the consumer to which it leads. The task of branching is not dictated by the separation of wires according to the characteristics of the current, but by the need to separate the energy in its directions for each supply point. Distribution automation ensures uniformity of loads between phases, fixing the demand coefficient of electrical networks, taking into account their maximum load.
Almost all devices of this type are made in the form of a panel enclosed in a metal box. On this base, by means of pre-installed connectors and modules, the following devices and functional blocks are located:
Additional equipment depends on the specific set of functions of the device. c have several panels with control equipment for one-way service. The peculiarity of such equipment is the ability to independently connect an auxiliary distribution cabinet with an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) in case of a power outage of the target object.
Most of the input distribution systems are oriented towards work in three-phase and single-phase networks with a point strength from 100 to 400 A and a frequency of 50-60 Hz. With regard to power, the initial level is represented by input-distribution devices from 0.4 kV to 1 kV. They are used to service public lighting systems, construction equipment at remote sites, etc. However, to supply large consumers, switchboards with ASPs are used, the power of which is at least 10 kV, and sometimes exceeds 25 kV. Also, the choice takes into account characteristics such as connection time backup source(0.2-5 s), degree of protection (from IP00 to IP31, depending on the part of the case) and electrical resistance (from 10 Mohm).
For service of multi-apartment residential buildings use devices for three-phase networks with alternating current, in which a dead-grounded neutral is provided. Among the main tasks in this case, one can single out the electrical protection of the line in cases of short circuits, overloads and emergency current outages. What is an ASU for a residential building in physical performance? This is a metal cabinet with a provided grounding, in which meters, circuit breakers, fuse blocks, emergency panels for UPS input, load sharing sensors, etc. are installed. modern designs on the doors of such boxes, an indication of the key parameters of the electrical network is provided.
First of all, multi-panel cabinets are used, designed for branched control of several power supply circuits. The power indicators and the degree of protection with insulation in this case are higher, but in small enterprises or in separate workshops with normal operating conditions, household machines can also be used. But what is an ASU designed for operation at large public and industrial facilities? At the moment, factory-assembled cabinets of the SCHO-70 line are widely used. From the point of view of design, these are panels for one- and two-way control, which also provide automatic automatic transfer switches and switches designed for long working sessions in a mode independent of the main power source.
The installation of a cabinet with an ASU is carried out on the basis of a design diagram drawn up in accordance with the operating conditions at a specific place of use. First, the mounting holes are drilled to fix the brackets and screws for the metal structure. According to the instructions, the installation of the input distribution devices is carried out at a height of at least 30 cm, and a dielectric insulating overlap must be provided between the rear panel and the wall. There are also floor structures, the installation of which is carried out on a special foundation or platform, which is attached to concrete screed.
After installing the ASU body, the assembly and connection of the functional filling is performed. For cable entry, an aluminum armored circuit is used. It is directly connected to the switch and the control relay. Further, crimped wires leave the relay into separate functional segments. The input-distribution devices VRU-1 are provided with two input blocks, which can be connected to different supply networks. But an insulating partition must be maintained between them. At the final stage, the routed and connected wires are fixed with nylon ties at the bottom of the shield.
ASU systems perform important tasks of organizing electrical networks. The functionality of such equipment can be considered both as control and measuring, and as protection and control. Even 0.4 kV input-distribution devices provide ample opportunities for monitoring the operation of the laid network, taking into account the volumes of supplied energy both at the input and at the output. But the main task is still physical distribution power supply channels while ensuring a sufficient degree of reliability and safety of equipment operation. In the latest models of ASU, emphasis is also placed on improving the ergonomics of control with the expansion of automatic functions.
To connect internal electrical networks of electrical installations to external power supplies cable lines, as well as for the distribution of electrical energy and protection against overloads and short circuits of outgoing lines serve input (VU) or input-distribution devices (ASU).
The input device is also intended to delineate responsibility for the operation of electrical networks between the personnel of the city network and the personnel of the consumer. After the input device, the electrical networks are under the control of the consumer. When powered by a single cable of electrical installations of small power, belonging to the 3rd category of uninterrupted power supply, as input devices, three-pole input boxes of the BPV type for currents of 100, 250, 350 A are used with one block "PN-2 fuses and a switch. Also used are Y3700 boxes with one three-pole automatic switch of the A3700 series for currents of 50 - 600 A. For three- and five-story residential buildings, cabinets of the ШВ series are used as input devices.
Input distribution devices for public buildings
For public buildings, high-rise residential buildings and small enterprises, input-distribution devices of the ASU are used, made in the form of shields of one-sided or two-sided service. Any input-distribution device is completed from input and distribution panels, or factory-made cabinets. V large cities enterprises of electrical installation organizations develop and apply their constructive series of ASU.
Introductory panels are made of the following types: VR, VP, VA. The equipment of the lead-in panels is designed for rated currents of 250, 400 and 630 A.
On the input panels VR-250 for currents of 250 A, PN-2-250 fuses, a switch P or a switch-switch of the RP series are installed. On the input panels VP-400 and VP-630, respectively, RB series switch-switches and PN-2-400 fuses, RB-series switch-switches and PN-2-630 fuses are installed. On the VA panels, a circuit breaker of the A3726 series is installed for a rated current of 25 A.
Distribution panels are made of the following types: distribution panels with automatic switches on outgoing lines, distribution panels with automatic control of staircase and corridor lighting, distribution panels with an accounting department. In distribution panels, automatic switches of the A37, AE20, AE1000 and AP50B series, magnetic starters of the PML series, RPL intermediate relays and PV, PP packet switches are installed.
When assembling the ASU, the input and distribution panels of one input are located side by side. ASU panels are manufactured by the manufacturer as separate panels with built-in devices and devices, as well as connecting conductors between the panels.
The figure shows a schematic diagram of one of the input panels with a switch for one input.
Due to the large variety of schemes of input and distribution panels VRU-UVR-8503 according to the specified electrical circuits power supply of internal networks of buildings can be configured with any ASU.
Scheme of an introductory panel with a switch at the input: 1 - measuring instruments, 2 - current transformers, 3 - electricity meter, 4 - anti-interference capacitors, 5 - fuse, b - switch, 7 - cable gland, 8 - circuit breaker, 9 - incandescent lamp
At large enterprises that consume significant power, input and distribution cabinets and prefabricated panels of the SCHO-70 series are used as input and distribution devices. They are also used at substations in 0.4 kV switchgears. Structurally, they can be one-way or two-way service. The lead-in panels are equipped with circuit breakers with fuses or automatic circuit breakers of the AVM series, and the distribution panels are equipped with circuit breakers with fuses or automatic circuit breakers of the A37 series.
Panel panels for one-way service are installed directly against the wall of the electrical room. They are served from the front. Panels of double-sided service panels are called separately or free-standing and are located at a distance of at least 0.8 m from the wall.
One-way service boards require less space for their installation and maintenance than two-way service boards. In addition, they are more economical, however, double-sided service panels are more convenient to operate.
In addition to panel-type panels, factories manufacture input-distribution and distribution panels assembled from separate units: fuse, switch, fuse-switch, automatic machine, meter.
The premises of the input-distribution devices (switchboard) are located in convenient places where only service personnel have access. Gas pipelines should not pass through the switchboard, and other pipelines should be without connections, valves, valves. It is allowed to install the ASU not in special rooms, but on staircases, in corridors, etc., but at the same time the cabinets must be locked, the handles of the control devices must not be brought out or be removable. It is not allowed to install the ASP in damp rooms and in places subject to flooding.
Hello, dear readers of the site "Notes of an Electrician".
In previous articles, I told you in detail how to do it correctly.
Today's article will be devoted to the topic of an introductory switchgear, or in abbreviated form - ASU. This phrase has been repeatedly mentioned in my previous articles.
So let's talk about this in more detail, so that you can imagine what it is.
And I also want to add that in this article we will talk about input switchgears (ASU) of residential premises and buildings (administrative, domestic and public).
An input switchgear is a set of protection devices (, fuses, etc.), (ammeters, voltmeters,), (switches, disconnectors, current transformers, busbars, etc.) and building structures that are installed at the entrance to the residential a room, or a building, including, among other things, protection devices and metering devices for electricity from outgoing lines.
In short, the introductory switchgear is called the ASU.
Here is an example of VRU-0.4 (kV) of a residential apartment building, which we installed at.
In our own words, we can say that the ASU is an input switchgear that supplies the entire building with electricity. This can be a residential apartment building, a detached office building, or an ordinary private house or cottage.
As you can see, in the photo above it is fully observed, which I advise you not to neglect when performing installation work.
The place of installation of the input switchgear (ASU) is determined by the project. It is also possible that several ASUs can be located in the building at once.
According to the PUE, clause 7.1.30, the ASP should be installed in specially designed rooms with an ambient temperature of at least +5 o C.
Most often, in apartment buildings, a basement is used for these purposes.
Only trained service personnel have the right to enter the ASU premises, i.e. (PUE, clause 7.1.28).
If there is a risk of flooding the ASU room, then it is necessary to provide for its installation above the flooding mark.
The cabinet of the input switchgear must be installed in an accessible and easily serviced place where there is electric lighting and natural air ventilation. The cabinet must have a degree of protection IP31 or higher, and be located at a distance of at least 1 (m) from the following communications:
hot water supply
cold water supply
heating
sewerage
gas pipeline
The doors of the rooms where the ASU is installed should only open outward (PUE, clause 7.1.29).
If the power supply of the input switchgear (ASU) is made from the overhead power line (VL), then it must be installed in it.
From the definition of the concept of VRU (PUE, clause 7.1.24), it follows that protection devices (circuit breakers, fuses, RCDs, difavtomats) must be installed on all input and output lines.
Previously, residential apartment buildings were equipped with input switchgears of large sizes and dimensions. Their condition at the moment leaves much to be desired, as well as the entire housing stock of the Khrushchev and Stalinist buildings.
As an example, I will give you some photographs of the technical condition of the ASU of residential buildings, made during major repairs by our forces.
The simplest and most common lead-in cabinet, consisting of a three-pole main switch and ceramic fuses with quartz sand on the outgoing lines.
And this introductory cabinet is in disrepair. And as soon as he finished up to the cherished day of his replacement? Outgoing lines are protected by old glass fuses with sand.
In this VRU-0.4 (kV) power lines are protected by similar glass fuses, and the lighting circuits are protected by ceramic plug fuses (plugs) of the PRS type.
Here are photographs after the completion of the overhaul of the electrical wiring of one of the residential buildings, which included the following:
P.S. This concludes the article. If you have questions on this topic, then ask them in the comments. If you liked my article, then share it on social networks, and also subscribe to new articles.
I have met such cabinets in my time, now I can imagine what it is. Useful information for a professional and a beginner in your business.
Now I know what an introductory switchgear is, where and how to install it. The information is useful and necessary. Thank you, Dmitry!
How is it abnormal when power cables block terminal block counter
Dmitry, with your help we are already becoming cool, no, not electricians, but we can definitely be assistants. Thanks!
Thank you for your attention and support !!!
The fourth photo below, on the left - what is the name of this old block with a switch and is it really possible to find it now?
Now this one is not for sale. Analogues only.
Unfortunately, everything is already clear. But what is behind the steel casing? The device of the circuit breaker itself? And there are also two switches located side by side, connected cross to cross.
I would very much like to consider in more detail the device and purpose of these parts of the ASU. Thank you
And what analogs are there? After all, I would like to fit in size ...
I work as an electrician in Portugal. No offense, Portugal is not Germany, but these are very distant in terms of the quality of materials, the execution leaves much to be desired (the wires are crossed, laid somehow, here for such a job). Why not unify standards? A.V.C = L1, L2, L3: U, V, W. brown, black, gray? From SW.
If there is voltage in a lie, you can remove and install devices for protecting outgoing lines if I need to connect to one of them
Marat, do you mean group (line) fuses? If so, remove the fuse and connect. Then put the fuse back in and you're done.
And if there is no basement, then where can you install the ASU?
Natalia, in the article it is written that ASPs should be installed in specially designed rooms with an ambient temperature of at least +5 oС. This room is defined by the project.
Please tell us more about reversing switches. I subscribe to Victor's request.
And to me that the insulators on the outgoing phase buses are simply not visible?
Valentin, in which particular photo do you not see the insulators?
Are the buses in the ASU made of aluminum? When connecting to fuse groups, should you use lugs? The N bus and the PE bus seem to be connected in two places? If the input switchgear (ASU) is powered from an overhead power line, then surge arresters (arresters?) Must be installed in the ASU. How to install arresters in the ASU after the main switch? And I heard: an automatic device is placed next to the arresters, so in the event of a spark gap triggered, the automatic switch turns off groups of consumers. What automatic characteristics are these? The input of the group lines is made in the corrugation not in the pipe, but what about the protection against rats and mice? How is the lighting in the VRU 220 cabinet made taken from the lead-in cable? For fun: is there a magnetic starter on the old ASU? What for?
Thank you very much, very informative. In my house (5th floor) under my apartment there is an ASU, which hums very strongly, there was no such hum before. Please answer with what it is connected and what anti-noise measures can be done.
Elena, contact the management company about this. The ASU should not emit a hum. The hum is emitted by electromagnetic devices such as transformers, chokes, etc. Perhaps the electricians installed something additionally in the ASU room, which began to emit a hum.
Tell Dmitry - the figure shows an ASU with a meter connected through current transformers, therefore the PE and N buses are connected together, and if the direct meter is connected, then the PE and N buses are not connected, i.e. The PEN conductor comes to the GZSh, and the N conductor is taken from the GZSh and goes to the meter, and from the meter to the N bus.
When the building is powered by the TN-C system and its further transition to the TN-C-S system, the PE and N buses are connected to each other in the ASU. The PE bus is re-grounded. Read the article about and. Read about the meter connection diagrams in the “Electricity metering” section.
In the article Electricity meter connection diagram - PE bus and N bus are not connected because I understand the diagram does not show the input meter (in the ASU). I wanted to see how the direct connection meter is connected to the ASU.
I would like to continue this topic in the future. ASU for 2 inputs, ATS, etc.
Yes, Dmitry, it is planned. I am familiar with ATS very closely, especially ATS in electrical installations 10 (kV).
The article about ATS is very interesting.
Good day!! Please answer the question: Can I refuse to install an introductory machine that is installed in front of the electricity meter ??
Hello! Tell me why it happened: I changed the switchboard in Khrushchev (entrance 4), put a 3-phase switch, automatic machines instead of inserts, new aluminum tires. I turned on the power like this: first the switch, then the machines - a jump occurred in several apartments - the lamps burned out. All the wiring is old aluminum, the connection of the conductors to zero - through bolts with an M6 nut with enlarged washers, to a switch-tips with shear bolts. He stretched everything from the heart.
Sergei, you need to look at how the editing is done. A voltage surge can occur during switching overvoltages during the closing of the circuit breakers, but this is milliseconds and the lamps should not burn out. Tell us what happened next. Has the ASU already been put into operation?
The shield was put into operation and did not turn off anymore (people began to grumble about the shutdown for 2 days). The damage quickly emerged - it turned out to be not large - several thousand rubles (compared to the amount of work according to the estimate) and it was reimbursed. I, as an electrician, do not like this moment. I have doubts about the connections of old aluminum wires in interfloor shields, wiring boxes.
In fact, I did not invent anything new in the connection diagram - I replaced the ancient switch with knives welded to death and blocks with cylindrical fuses by 100 (!) A (I wrote above that inserts are a mistake). And half of the fuses were with bugs!
How I did: 1) they turned off the power in the local TP - I demolished the old shield, signing the wires for the phases-entrances. 2) quickly connected the switch and restored the power to the house. 3) then calmly assembled all the stuffing of the cabinet: automatic machines, tires. 4) energized, connected the phase busbars to the machines (63A) and then turned them on, as quickly as possible, by access and in phases.
I absolutely agree with Dmitry - transient processes in the electric circuits take milliseconds and nothing should burn out. But a bad contact or zero burnout in a three-phase four-wire network leads exactly to these results-
remember the vector diagram. It is quite possible that this is your case.
Please tell me. Here my father has a private house that is powered by an overhead line. But in the basement there is just a small closet (where the counter, ouzo and automatic machines) is it not an ASU? After all, there are no overvoltage limiters. And it turns out there in the REN cabinet the conductor was divided into PE and H, because all the sockets are euro at home. Is it correct? and whether the PE should be re-grounded and in some way
Please tell me if there are standard distances not only from communications, but maybe from walls or walkways?
Everything around and around. An understanding electrician is unrealistic to find. Some Frenchmen, that is, Juliens. A good landmark is comfortable only in terms of prices. Demand gives rise to a proposal And what can I ask an "electrician" who does not know how to ensure selectivity, that difavtomats are ace, but, along the curve -B, C, D. The abbreviation usip or ops and how they differ makes electricians in a state of shock As a result, without any thunderstorms, home appliances and silence are on in all the apartments of many houses. Electricians of housing offices are twisting aluminum with copper and they don’t care. House, apartment, private house. TT, TNC, TNC S, TNS.B what is the problem. Why not paint and paint 12 schemes of ASU with all variations.?! There are misconceptions everywhere, not yet, not… .. There will be knowledge, there will be a conscious demand. And before that, the light turns on, the socket is working-money for the barrel.
Hello. The building (1.5 tkv.m) power consumption is 40 kW.
According to the formula P / (1.73 * 380 * c0s0.9) = 68A. I pull vvgng5 * 16 (do you need it in a corrugation or a metal hose? 20m on the street) from 70 meters perflot. Will the length of the "force" affect my calculations? To protect the wire right away
at the entrance to the SCHRUV to the meter (direct connection to 100A?) to put a 3 or 4-pole automatic 63A on the dinreyku? There is no project, there is no energy, the bosses are not at all in the subject.
A corrugation or metal hose is required for additional mechanical protection of the cable. If you see fit, then use. Personally, I would do it on the street in corrugation, and inside the building on trays without it. The cable was chosen correctly. Directly in front of the counter, set the machine to 63 (A) - this.
Thank you Dmitry, everything is very informative, but I would like to know how the meters should be connected to the ASU in a two-apartment apartment building? ONE we have a big one. As our electrician says, we have three meters, one for the elevator, one for the right wing of two entrances and the other for the left wing of two entrances. Left wing is three one room apartments and lighting of the entrance and on the right wing there are two apartments, one and two rooms, and lighting of the corridor. I have a question for you whether you can connect this way or one meter should be for apartments and the other for lighting the corridors, the fall and the attic. Please tell me what to refer to so that everything is done correctly. Thank you so much in advance. Alexei.
Alexey, everything is being done according to the project, which is approved by the power supply organization. But I will say that there are no special requirements, it all depends on the ASU circuits and loads. In residential buildings, most often we installed one PU for the whole house. Sometimes it was necessary to install a separate PU on the elevators, but this, again, according to the project.
Hello Dmitry! The article is gorgeous, thanks! I ask you, help: in apartment building, there is an ASU in the basement, residents demand access there, as they are often "knocked out."
Access to the ASU room, as well as to other electrical rooms, is allowed for persons who have at least group 2 for electrical safety, accompanied by a person with group 3, and with group 3 alone. to outsiders in the control room.
Hello Dmitry, please advise what to do.
We are electrifying a new building under construction with 8 apartments. According to the approved project, the ASP is located on the wall of the house, which means that clause 7.1.30 of the PUE is not being fulfilled (The temperature of the room should not be lower than + 5 ° C.). Moreover, the GZSH for the project is located outside the ASU, below it and without protective cover... That is, literally nuts outward. The power engineer who oversees the construction site has only one answer - do it according to the project. How to be?
Question What is the starter for? What it turns on turns off. In the photo where the old lies, where on the left is the switch in the closet, and on the right are cork fuses. Thank you.
Albert, this starter is required to automatically turn on outdoor lighting. A photo relay is installed on the facade of the house, which controls the coil of this starter. Here's a similar one.
Thanks! I thought it was like ventilation or smoke extraction. I saw a similar lie in a Stalinist house in one entrance.
Hello! I do not understand, but why are current transformers in the old-style ASU? You said for electricity metering? How does this happen?
And you can throw out the schematic diagram of the new ASU? Thank you.
Hello! Help understand the situation. At my entrance there is no light in the ASU room, as well as front door into this room. I turned to the management company to at least make a light. There is a switch on the wall and wires stick out in place of the lamp. But he received a sharply negative reaction from local electricians and their power engineers. They say that the light is not needed there, they say you will climb in closets. If they work there, they will connect in the switch cabinets themselves or use flashlights. And they say the tenants have nothing to pry into these matters. Moreover, the power engineer began to say that according to the project of the house, light is not provided there, although there are wires and a switch. In this room without light, there is only garbage, homeless people have arranged a couch, small children play hide and seek. Well at least I forced them to close the cabinets with a key, otherwise they were open. After all, children could easily climb there. I brought them paragraph 7.1.30 from the PUE, that there should be light in the room. But they don't care. Please tell me how to oblige the power engineer and his electricians to make lighting. Where can you complain in such cases (to the energy supervision)?
Oleg, you never know what they say. In the PUE, clause 7.1.28, it is clearly stated that the ASU and the main switchboard should be installed in switch rooms accessible only to service personnel. In the PUE, clause 7.1.29. it also mentions the doors of the switchboard rooms, which must open outward. А В ПУЭ, p. 7.1.30. it is said that the premises in which the ASU and the main switchboard are installed must have natural ventilation and electric lighting.
Thus, the doors of the ASU should be locked from unauthorized persons, including residents, and have lighting. Contact the energy supervision and explain this situation to them.
Hello. I am doing some design recently and there was a question. What switching devices are recommended to be installed on outgoing lines in ASU?
It is not prescribed in the PUE, but how many I have not read, fuses are installed everywhere. I would like to figure out what and why we are installing.
As you can see, the aluminum PE busbar is used. According to PUE 1.7.119, the PE bus must be copper or in last resort steel
Dmitry, good day! In my and neighboring apartment buildings (16-18 apartments) built in the 70-90s, the ASU consists of a single switch with ceramic fuses for 100 amperes. Additionally, a couple of years ago, the RES was installed on the facade of the house with a direct-connected PU with 80-amp circuit breakers before and after the PU (all this is on the line before the switch). The question is as follows - given the increased power consumption in recent years, are these current parameters not enough? What is the maximum value of the automatic machine I can install on the line going from the driveway to the apartment when reconstructing the electrical wiring in the apartment located in the above-mentioned buildings?
P.S.: I would be very grateful if you indicate how this is all calculated
Admin, but do not prompt such a moment.
School. The ASU is not there ah - tires, a number of PN amps per 100 and a switch to de-energize these tires. The switch is open again, without any arc extinguishing, similar to the RC
The organization, which formally serves everything at the school, refuses to cooperate, so we will work ourselves. It is necessary to put a new socket for PN at 16A, and for this de-energize the bus.
Question: in order to turn off the RC-x switch, it turns out, you first need to turn off all floor panels powered by these buses? Or reduce the current / wait for the current to drop to a certain value (5-10 amperes per phase, or how much) and abruptly move the handle to the center?
General Drozd, the switch is different. Those that are equipped with arc chutes, in theory, they can turn off the rated load currents. If there are no cameras, then only very little current or no load at all. In practice, it is better not to take risks and do not turn off the load with circuit breakers. In your case, is it not possible to remove the load in the floor panels by turning off the input or all outgoing machines in them ?!
In my case, colleague, there are no cameras there, the knives of the switch are not even covered with a front panel. There is not even a diagram of which floor boards are powered from here, from this section of the ASU. Therefore, you just have to extinguish half of the building by busting, one with a walkie-talkie across the floors, turns off the shields, the second looks at the currents in the phases of the section.
There is no arc protection at all. Therefore, it seems that it will be necessary to disconnect when the currents fall. Tell me, the comparison is childish, but if I turn off the kettle from the outlet, then nothing sparks and does not burn. This is 2500W. Can 10A be considered a conditionally safe shutdown current on an open circuit breaker RC-2 or something very similar?
General Drozd, as an option, if there is a possibility (for example, in the evening after training classes), then order the disconnection of the machine at the TP, from where your ASU is powered. Quickly produce necessary work... Small currents, of course, can be turned off, only carefully, it is better to wear gloves and a protective screen - this is just in case. Well, or proceed as you described. About the kettle - that's just the same sparks, and over time, such sockets are replaced.
A helmet + a screen with a wolverine and latex gloves are required, I always carry them with me and all the inclusions of unfamiliar devices - so.
Switching off at the substation at 19.00 and later, not a single soul will go - not an emergency. And the school studies until 19.10, so theirs.
If an electrical circuit breaks under load, an arc or sparking will certainly be, but you will not do this all the time (as in the example of turning off the kettle). I am sure at 10-15 A the dangerous destruction of the power electrical contacts of the breaker, and even more so there will be no overlap between the phases.
Alexei:
06/20/2012 at 08:36
"It is somehow abnormal when the power cables block the terminal block of the meter."
I see no problem turning the outgoing cables from the current transformers to the common busbars to the left by 45 degrees. Plastic cable holders can be re-glued ... access the wires from the verification block to the meter.
They worked (8.04 more) at 12 amperes in the larger phase. When turned off, it is completely quiet, no sparks or crackling. Everything just went out.
Naturally, the handle works quickly.
When turned on, it sparked much more.
I write off the fact that the school is full of GLS on lighting, both square dots by 4 and long by 2.
But those 12 amperes ... extinguished everything they found. So still the consumers were sitting WHERE_TO. And this is a school entering after 1992, not a shaitan-sarai.
Looked at the entire topic of this section and the comments to it. As always done on good technical level, in detail, arousing great interest among the audience of the site. Of course, there are several additions and comments (how can we do without them). I would suggest making the numbered marking of the groups in the ASU. It is clear that the group numbers should be from left to right, but you cannot work without this marking.
Good afternoon.
I have this question: in our house on the 5th floor of 1965, everything was as you described for the old housing stock, but we collected money and did:
-In the ASU we changed everything to new (in the new ABB);
-Changed all highways in risers to copper;
-new nuts everywhere;
- made a ground loop for the house (TN-C to TN-CS);
-Placed the 5th PE grounding wire; (3 phases, zero, PE)
- in the shields, new O and grounding buses were installed everywhere)
Is it necessary to change the cabinet in the ASU to a modern one with IP 31, or is there still no such mandatory norm?
The Criminal Code requires that we also make a ground loop for the room of the ASU (in addition to the brownie) - is it necessary or not?
Sincerely. Thank you for the site - well, it helps a lot on many issues.
Dmitry, it is not necessary to change the VRU cabinet if it is in a satisfactory condition (not rusty), it has a lockable door, etc. During major overhauls, the ASP was changed only after examining its condition or if it was impossible to install new equipment into it.
Why make a separate memory circuit in the ASU room ?! This requirement is not justified and unnecessary. If you have performed the separation of the PEN conductor, then the main PE bus (GZSh) will be installed in your cabinet itself, and ground all metal structures on it, if necessary.
Hello!
Is it possible to invite the employees of your Electrotechnical laboratory as experts to assess the state of the ASU in the MKD - stalinka?
Thank you.
Sincerely,
Olga.
Good day!
On your website, an input-distribution device (in the picture) shows an ASU -0.4 kV of a residential apartment building, tell me its type and complete set cabinet, I will be very grateful, from the calculation of the electricians they selected the VRU -3-41-UHL4, but something I doubt the choice. I would also like to know, when choosing an ASU, it is necessary to take into account the number of apartments in a house (for example, in one 16, in another 100) or not, maybe the number of groups is different or inserts are small A are needed, does the equipment change?
Respectfully yours, head of the production department of LLC "PZhT" Vladislav Movchan.
Hello!
At our dacha, we are powered by a two-wire overhead SIP line. Counter with automatic machine 63A on a post in front of the house. Switchboard with voltage relay, RCD, Dif. automatic machines and circuit breakers in the house. The housing of the meter box on the pole is connected to the PEN conductor and is not grounded. The house has a ground loop. I have three questions:
1) Is it necessary or not to ground the box on the pole (if the zero breaks to the counter and the consumers in the house are switched on, the box is energized)?
2) In this situation, where is the ASU-in the house or on the pole? After all, a counter with an introductory automatic protection on the pole, and everything else in the house?
3) in such a situation, which system would be recommended and where to divide PEN into PE and N.
Thank you.
Sincerely.
Hello Tariel.
1. Yes, it will be energized. the shield is not grounded, but grounded. Read more about this in the article about.
2. The question is rather rhetorical, since according to the PUE, clause 7.1.3, the input device (VU) is a set of structures, devices and devices installed at the input of the supply line to the building or to its isolated part. In fact, both shields belong to the ASU, they are simply spaced apart from each other.
Good afternoon. Tell me, for what purposes was the contactor used in the old ASU? Not to automatically turn on the lights or what? I also met a board near the contactor with a trance, relays and other strapping (resistors, electrolytes). Obviously, this all has not worked for a long time. And I met a small box near the ASU box, too, with a contactor, a scarf, light bulbs and toggle switches, and it was connected by a cable to the ASU with a number of lived more than 5. But the cable was cut and I could not understand what circuits the contactor was closing.
This, for sure, you met in your work. What is it and why?
And yet, is it possible to replace the fuse-links (100 A) with automatic machines? As far as I understand, selective machines for 100 A are used for these purposes?
Dmitry, it is possible to control by remote switching on, for example, street lighting or other automation. There should also be a step-down transformer installed to power the basement lighting. Now it's hard to say ...
The fuses can be replaced with automatic devices, but it is necessary to make a calculation, taking into account the load, the selectivity of other protection devices, the cross-section of the outgoing lines, etc. In any case, one cannot do without a project there.
Good day!
The house is 47 years old. Recently, wires coming from one of the fuses began to heat up in the ASU (input to the house, 380 V). Consequences - periodic blinking, switching off the light in some apartments and in the entrance. Glass fuses for 63 A. The emergency workers suggested replacing the fuses with ceramic 100 A. The question is whether this will help solve the problem if the wiring remains old. Will it not turn out that the fuses at the entrance to the house will let in a strong current, and somewhere in the apartments with the old rating, something will suddenly light up?
Do fuses generally affect wire overheating? Outwardly, overheating looks like the tip of a burning cigarette, it flares up and smolders, then goes out, once a few centimeters of the wire were heated and the insulation was charred. After that, emergency workers advised to replace the fuses.
I would not only change the fuses. Although it may not do anything. If one phase (one of the fuses) is heated, this indicates that most likely one of the phases is heavily loaded. So it is necessary to "unload" it. It is necessary to measure currents throughout the house.
You have strange emergency workers, so raise the denomination.
The reason for overheating must be looked at, perhaps it is not the PN themselves, but the holders for them. Judging by what you described, you need to check all the connections around I overheat
I agree with General Drozd, all signs of poor contact, but in any case, tell the electricians to check the currents in the phases, as Albert suggests.
Thank you. And an ordinary electrician from management company will cope with phase measurements? Or is it the competence of an electrical laboratory? House documentation is no longer to be found.
There is a suspicion that the contacts have oxidized just at the holder, and for some reason, it is from this fuse that a wire of a smaller cross-section goes out than the others. He was put on (electrical tape is visible), and he is without a tip. But the stripped end of the wire goes to the bolt to the holder, but somewhere in the holder it sparks.
And another question arises. Does it make sense to replace the ASU altogether without changing the rest of the house wiring? Overhaul according to plan only in 2024. Do you need a project when replacing? And from whom to order it?
Strange, but what, there is nothing to measure and compare currents in phases, even if it is not accurate, then it is impossible to compare? Is it difficult to go broke for the cheapest ticks? Rather, there is already an avalanche-like process - the first overheating due to bad contacts can lead to a deterioration in the connection and whatever you put later, even at 150A., And the contact, for sure, no one touched.
“Can an ordinary electrician from a management company handle phase measurements? Or is it the competence of an electrical laboratory? " I somehow cope, and there are also crusts in measurements and tests. It is necessary to change the fuse holder, and reprimand colleagues to emergency workers, because they complicate their work (when the wire burns out, there will be much more fuss) .In my memory, the fuse holder of the PN stopped conducting current altogether, but the examinations were carried out on it (unofficially), we figured it out on our own ... We found out that the collecting contact, where the outgoing tip is attached, is burnt inside.
I apologize in advance for the question. Unfortunately, I did not receive an answer from our power engineers. So, the house is two-story, the ASU is installed at the entrance under the stairs. There is a lot of space, and residents store bicycles, sledges, etc. there. It looks not very aesthetically pleasing. So I wanted to hang curtains behind which everything will be hidden from view, including the ASU. But, I was warned that there may be problems with power engineers, threatening with a fine for violating safety rules. Is this really so, and what documents are regulated? The ASU itself is not additionally fenced. Thank you.
Problems with power engineers may arise if the curtains in any way interfere with the maintenance of the ASU - complicate access, prevent the door from closing, get tangled underfoot. In general, first of all, you need to ask a question to tenants who are turning a potentially dangerous object into a storage room. Bicycles, sleds, what's next? Rags? Fuels and lubricants? I just thought that it was all the same against the curtains. You will get a separate fenced room into which the tenants will start throwing all sorts of rubbish. Not the point.
Problems will arise not only from curtains, but also from bicycles, etc., if something happens in the ASU or after it and you need to quickly get to it, and at this time sledges, buckets, basins will fall on your head ...
So I'm trying to explain to the people that shields and so on are not crap that needs to be removed to the far upper corner, but workplace in an emergency situation. And then fill up the access, screw it up with a refrigerator, a wardrobe.
Vladimir.
I just wanted to know what documents regulate the operation of the ASU in terms of its location and access in terms of safety.
Regarding the discussion of this issue.
In my case, the fears are completely unfounded. There is no talk about clutter at all. There is a lot of space there. The ASU is located at the entrance to this space on the left, access is completely free. And the curtains just move aside (they are on the rings), I don't see any problems at all. The tenants (there are few of them, the house is two-story) are educated and friendly, the entrance is kept clean and tidy.
Zinaida, there are no prohibitions about curtains in the PUE, you can visually separate the ASU from the stairs, it will be even better. On the curtains, I would put a sign "Caution! Voltage". But sleds, bicycles, etc., it is advisable to remove from there, because they can restrict access to the switchboard and, in the event of an emergency, can become a serious obstacle. In general, according to the mind, instead of curtains, it would be better to fence off this square, for example, with a metal lattice and install a door with a lock.
Here are some quotes from the PUE about the ASU: p. 7.1.28. VU, VRU, main switchboard, as a rule, should be installed in switch rooms accessible only to service personnel. In areas prone to flooding, they should be installed above the flood level. VU, VRU, main switchboard can be located in rooms allocated in operated dry basements, provided that these rooms are accessible for service personnel and separated from other rooms by partitions with a fire resistance limit of at least 0.75 hours. When placing VU, VRU, main switchboard, distribution points and group boards outside the switchboard rooms, they should be installed in places convenient and accessible for maintenance, in cabinets with a shell protection degree of at least IP31.
Thanks a lot!!! I will use your advice.
Hello help to collect lies the power comes 95 aluminum power of all consumers 170 kW
Alexander, how do you imagine it? So I can say. But where am I, where are you, who will take over from you, respectively, what are the requirements for the project, if any?
Or do you think that here we can help you with words, and you yourself? So this is not one line.
Hi Everyone. I have a question: how should the lighting of the shield itself be powered, before the meter or after? and on the basis of what regulatory documents it is connected to the switch ... Inspectors from OJSC Energia came and write me a fine for connecting a lighting lamp in the shield itself, lying to the counter ...
really looking forward to the answer
I read it with interest. I have this question. In a couple of years, in my pre-revolutionary apartment building, it is planned overhaul power supply. Do I understand correctly that the wiring must be replaced, including from the floor panel to the meter in the apartment (only one machine is installed on the floor panel per apartment)? Will there be a PE entry up to the apartment panel?
Thank you for your detailed answer. Apparently the amount of overhaul will depend on the amount of funding. Introductory machine for apartment 16 A with a modern household appliances is nothing. True, there have been no special problems yet.
Hello! I purchased a non-residential premises of 17 sq. m in, an apartment building in which the ASP is installed. Can I, as an owner, demand that it be moved?
Anton, VRU does not belong to your property and any of its movements must be coordinated with the management company or the networks serving your house. Even if you are given permission to move it (although it is unlikely), then you still cannot do without a project.
Hi) not prompted? Is it possible to connect 2 consumers in a 0.4 kV distribution cabinet (assembly) for one group of inserts. And vice versa, connect one consumer to 2 groups of inserts (because the tweezers in the first group on phase "C", for example, broke, and on hastily connected to another group), is it permissible according to the rules or not?)) all consumers are 3-phase, if you tell me the point in the PUE, where it is written, I would be very grateful)
Hello, please tell me what kind of switch is installed in the photo under the following description "In this VRU-0.4 (kV) power lines are protected by similar glass fuses, and the lighting circuits are protected by ceramic plug fuses (plugs) of the PRS type."
Replacement is required, I can not find the marking in order to order (complete with the cell, when disconnected, the fuses move forward from the fixed knives).
Thanks in advance.
Konstantin, this is also an ordinary switch with fuses with a side drive (for example, of the RPS-4 type), the handle of which is located on the surface of the panel body or shield.
Analogues can be found without problems, they have the same designation.
There are options for circuit breakers with fuses, but only placed in separate boxes. Their designations are YABPVU.
Hello. My private house will be connected to the network, I need to make an ASU, which I plan to hang outside the house. Inside there will be an SPD, a meter, the division of PEN into PE and N. Rosseti gives me 15 kW. 0.4 kV. I decide which input machine to put, so that in the future if there is a short circuit in the house, it would not turn off the input to the ASU and not have to run to the street to turn it on.
Actually, is it permissible to put in the ASU an introductory machine D25A, if further down the line in the house in the ShchR there is an introductory machine S25A?
Alexey, it all depends on the values of the short-circuit currents, at certain conditions both can work. I would not have done so in your case. At the entrance to the house, I would not install a C25, but a HV load switch. So the selectivity will be observed between the input and outgoing machines, and the switching device will remain, which can be used to turn off the whole house at once.
Dmitry, VN is convenient, but it turns out that the meter and the line after it remain without short circuit protection.
Alexey, you are wrong! The opening machine protects the line from its bottom contacts and to the nearest outgoing machine in the house.
I mean, if in this circuit the input machine is replaced with a VN.
Alexey, you first asked about two machines, one in the ASU on the street, and the other in the house. I told you that it is not necessary to install an automatic machine in the house, and if you really want to, you can install a load switch instead of the automatic machine. Please note that I did not give you any recommendations to replace the machine on the street, and the sales department will not do it, because the allocated power is just the same determined by the rating of this machine.
Good day! I want to apologize in advance for the stupidest question. But it worries me, I can’t help it. Tell me, please. In the new building, the ASP is installed on the ground floor, there is a separate entrance from the street. Installed on our riser, our apartment is on the third floor. Is there any harm from such a neighborhood? The kitchen is located in this area. And the second one is also an ordinary apartment. Is this allowed by the norms?
Yana, the norms are allowed and such a neighborhood does not carry harm!
And what is the harm and what?
Thanks a lot for your answer!
Good afternoon, Dmitry.
Currently, the Criminal Code is placing an ASU on the facade of a private house. How is this consistent with the requirement of the PUE clause 7.1.30 (The room temperature should not be lower than + 5 ° C.) And what is the basis for this requirement about + 5C?
Hello. This is the question. There is a kindergarten building with an ASU, which is sometimes heated. Many fasteners in it and in the main switchboard are rusted and in poor condition... On the basis of what regulatory documents can they draw up an order to bring the ASU into the proper form?
Mikhail, the question is quite extensive here. Surely, in addition to rust, there is a lot to pay attention to. On your question, here is an excerpt from one Court decision on a similar problem: there are traces of flooding of the premises, the pipeline is covered with rust, there are traces of corrosion of metal parts of electrical panels and electrical equipment (PUE clauses 7.1.28, 1.1.20 PTEEP clause 1.7.2).
Hello! In the photo I'm lying, taking into account, the holders of the fuse-links are installed on a spoloshchny sheet .. is this permissible? Is it not necessary to place them on special racks?
Hello dear.
Thank you all for the interesting questions and answers. In the internet, for some reason, there is no normal information about single-phase STP. Although, it is very a good option power supply of a private house or summer cottage.
On the concrete support 10kV overhead line installed STP 10 / 0.23kV, delivered a small single-phase transformer. A 220V cable descends from it along the post. Below,
on the same support, a shield with automatic devices and a 220V meter is installed.
Can this shield be considered RUNN or RU? Is this correct or not? The electrician did not accept from the networks, he said it was impossible to install a metering board on a 10kV pole.
Do you need another shield and one more meter on the wall of the house? The house is wooden.
Good afternoon. I would like to ask a question, in the work there is a little lie for the object.
According to the project, two supply lines go first to the 160A atoms, then through the meters to the toggle switch.
I am not familiar with this scheme, I assumed that the input lines must first go to the toggle switch, in my case it is ABB OT400. Something tells me that the project is illogical ... am I right?
Thank you.
