In the name of columns produced in Russia, the letters VPG are often present: this is a water-heating (V) flow-through (P) gas (G) apparatus. The number after the letters VPG indicates the thermal power of the device in kilowatts (kW). For example, VPG-23 is a flow-through gas water heater with a heat output of 23 kW. Thus, the name of modern speakers does not define their design.
The VPG-23 water heater was created on the basis of the VPG-18 water heater, produced in Leningrad. In the future, VPG-23 was produced in the 90s at a number of enterprises in the USSR, and then - SIG. A number of such devices are in operation. Separate nodes, for example, the water part, are used in some models of modern Neva columns.
Main specifications HSV-23:
VPG-23 consists of a gas outlet, a heat exchanger, a main burner, a block valve and an electromagnetic valve (Fig. 74).
The gas outlet is used to supply combustion products to the flue pipe of the column. The heat exchanger consists of a heater and a fire chamber surrounded by a coil cold water. The height of the VPG-23 fire chamber is less than that of the KGI-56, because the VPG burner provides better mixing of gas with air, and the gas burns with a shorter flame. A significant number of HSV columns have a heat exchanger consisting of a single heater. The walls of the fire chamber in this case were made of steel sheet, there was no coil, which made it possible to save copper. The main burner is multi-nozzle, it consists of 13 sections and a manifold connected to each other by two screws. Sections are assembled into a single whole with the help of coupling bolts. There are 13 nozzles installed in the collector, each of which pours gas into its own section.
The block valve consists of gas and water parts connected by three screws (Fig. 75). The gas part of the block valve consists of a body, a valve, a valve plug, a gas valve cover. A conical insert for the gas valve plug is pressed into the body. The valve has a rubber seal on the outer diameter. A conical spring presses on top of it. The seat of the safety valve is made in the form of a brass insert pressed into the body of the gas section. The gas cock has a handle with a limiter that fixes the opening of the gas supply to the igniter. The faucet plug is pressed against the conical liner by a large spring.
The valve plug has a recess for supplying gas to the igniter. When the valve is turned from the extreme left position at an angle of 40 °, the groove coincides with the gas supply hole, and the gas begins to flow to the igniter. In order to supply gas to the main burner, the valve handle must be pressed and turned further.
The water part consists of the bottom and top caps, Venturi nozzle, diaphragm, poppet with stem, retarder, stem seal and stem clamp. Water is supplied to the water part on the left, enters the submembrane space, creating a pressure in it equal to the water pressure in the water supply system. Having created pressure under the membrane, water passes through the Venturi nozzle and rushes to the heat exchanger. The Venturi nozzle is a brass tube, in the narrowest part of which there are four through holes that open into the outer circular groove. The undercut coincides with the through holes that are in both covers of the water part. Through these holes, pressure from the narrowest part of the Venturi nozzle will be transferred to the supra-membrane space. The poppet stem is sealed with a nut that compresses the PTFE gland.
The automatic water flow works as follows. With the passage of water through the Venturi nozzle in the narrowest part, the highest speed of movement of water and, therefore, the lowest pressure. This pressure is transmitted through the through holes to the supra-membrane cavity of the water part. As a result, a pressure difference appears under and above the membrane, which bends upward and pushes the plate with the stem. The stem of the water part, resting against the stem of the gas part, lifts the valve from the seat. As a result, the gas passage to the main burner opens. When the water flow stops, the pressure under and above the membrane equalizes. The conical spring presses on the valve and presses it against the seat, the gas supply to the main burner stops.
The solenoid valve (Fig. 76) serves to turn off the gas supply when the igniter goes out.
When the solenoid valve button is pressed, its stem rests against the valve and moves it away from the seat, while compressing the spring. At the same time, the armature is pressed against the core of the electromagnet. At the same time, gas begins to flow into the gas part of the block valve. After ignition of the igniter, the flame begins to heat the thermocouple, the end of which is installed in a strictly defined position with respect to the igniter (Fig. 77).
The voltage generated during the heating of the thermocouple is supplied to the winding of the core of the electromagnet. In this case, the core holds the anchor, and with it the valve, in the open position. The time during which the thermocouple generates the necessary thermo-EMF and solenoid valve begins to hold the anchor, is about 60 seconds. When the igniter goes out, the thermocouple cools down and stops generating voltage. The core no longer holds the anchor, under the action of the spring the valve closes. The gas supply to both the igniter and the main burner is stopped.
Draft automation turns off the gas supply to the main burner and igniter in case of violation of draft in the chimney, it works on the principle of "gas removal from the igniter". Traction automation consists of a tee, which is attached to the gas part of the block valve, a tube to the draft sensor and the sensor itself.
Gas from the tee is supplied to both the igniter and the draft sensor installed under the gas outlet. The thrust sensor (Fig. 78) consists of a bimetallic plate and a fitting, reinforced with two nuts. The top nut is also a seat for a plug that shuts off the gas outlet from the fitting. A tube supplying gas from the tee is attached to the fitting with a union nut.
With normal draft, the combustion products go into the chimney without heating the bimetallic plate. The plug is tightly pressed against the seat, the gas does not come out of the sensor. If the draft in the chimney is disturbed, the combustion products heat up the bimetallic plate. It bends up and opens the gas outlet from the fitting. The gas supply to the igniter decreases sharply, the flame ceases to heat the thermocouple normally. It cools down and stops producing voltage. As a result, the solenoid valve closes.
The main malfunctions of the HSV-23 column include:
1. The main burner does not light up:
2. When the water intake is stopped, the main burner does not go out:
3. Violation of the electrical circuit between the thermocouple and the electromagnet (open or short circuit). The following reasons are possible:
4. Insufficient heating of the thermocouple:
Geysers Neva 3208 (and similar models without automatic water temperature control L-3, VPG-18 \ 20, VPG-23, Neva 3210, Neva 3212, Neva 3216, Darina 3010) are often found in houses without centralized hot water supply. This column has simple design and therefore very reliable. But sometimes she surprises too. Today we will tell you what to do if the pressure hot water suddenly became too weak.
Geyser Neva 3208, or more precisely - flowing gas water heater wall type- a device for obtaining hot water due to the energy of combustion of natural gas. The geyser is an unpretentious and easy-to-use thing. Of course, according to the idea of public utilities, centralized hot water supply is more convenient, but in practice it is still unknown which is better. Hot water from the pipe comes either rusty or barely warm, and the payment bites. And about the notorious summer blackouts, during which the owners geysers they listen with a smile to stories about heating water in a basin on the stove, and it’s not worth mentioning.
So, one morning the column turned on properly, but the water pressure from the hot water tap in the bath seemed too weak. And when you turn on the shower, the column went out completely. Meanwhile, the cold water was still flowing briskly. Suspicion first fell on the mixer, but the same situation was found in the kitchen. There is no doubt - it's in the gas column. The old Neva 3208 brought a surprise.
Attempts to call the master for repairs ended, in fact, in failure. All the masters directly by phone “diagnosed” in absentia that heat exchanger clogged with scale and offered to either replace it (2500-3000 rubles for a new one, 1500 rubles for a repaired one, not counting the cost of work), or wash it on the spot (700-1000 rubles). And only on such conditions did they agree to visit. But it didn't look like a clogged heat exchanger at all. The night before, the pressure was normal and the scale could not build up overnight. Therefore, it was decided to carry out repairs on their own. By the way, it is also possible to carry out repairs if the column does not turn on at normal pressure - most likely it has broken membrane in the water unit and needs to be replaced.
The Neva 3208 geyser is installed on the wall of the kitchen or, less often, the bathroom.
Before starting repairs, it is necessary to turn off the column, shut off the gas and cold water supply.
To remove the shroud, you must first remove the round flame control knob. It is fixed on the rod with a spring and removed by simply pulling it towards you, there are no fasteners. valve button gas security and the plastic pad stays in place, they don't get in the way. After removing the handle, access to the two fixing screws is revealed.
In addition to the screws, the casing is held on by four pins located at the top and bottom in the back. After loosening the screws Bottom part the casing is pulled forward by 4-5 cm (lower pins are released) and the whole casing goes down (upper pins are released). Before us internal organization gas column.
Our problem is at the bottom, the so-called "water" part of the column. Sometimes this part is called the "frog". In function water node includes turning the column on and off depending on the presence or absence of water flow. The principle of operation is based on the properties of the Venturi nozzle.
The water unit is fastened with two union nuts to the water supply pipes and with three screws to the gas part.
But before removing the water unit, you need to take care of the water in the column. IN last resort, under the column during disassembly, you can substitute a wide basin. But you can more accurately drain the water through plug located below the water node.
To do this, unscrew the plug and open any hot water tap after the column for air access. It pours out about half a liter of water.
By the way, through this plug, you can try to flush the blockage without removing the water unit. It's done reverse current water. With the plug removed (do not forget to substitute a bucket or basin), both taps are opened in the faucet in the kitchen or in the bathroom and the spout is clamped. Cold water will flow back through the hot water pipes and maybe push the blockage out.
After draining the water, the water unit can be removed without fear. We unscrew the union nuts, take the tubes a little to the sides, loosen the three screws on the gas part and take the assembly down.
By the way, under the left nut in the recess of the water unit is filter in the form of a piece of brass mesh. It needs to be pulled out with a needle and cleaned well. When I removed this filter, it crumbled into pieces from old age. Given that in the apartment after the riser there is already a pre-filter, and the pipes are metal-plastic, it was decided not to bother with the new one. If the pipes are steel or there is no filter on the riser, then the filter at the inlet to the water unit must be left, otherwise the column will have to be cleaned almost monthly. A new filter can be made from a piece copper or brass grids.
The water unit cover is held in place with eight screws. In the old designs, the case was silumin, and the screws were steel; it was often very difficult to unscrew them. In Neva 3208, the body and screws are brass. After removing the cover, you can see membrane.
In older models, the membrane was rubber flat, so it worked in tension and tore rather quickly. Replacing the membrane once every one or two years was a common operation. In Neva 3208, the membrane is silicone and profiled. It almost does not stretch during operation and lasts much longer. But in case of problems, replacing the membrane is quite simple, the main thing is to find a high-quality silicone one. And, finally, under the membrane - the cavity of the water node.
It contained a few small bugs. But the main problem was right output channel. A narrow nozzle (about 3 mm) is located there, which creates a pressure drop for the operation of the water unit. It was it that was almost completely blocked by a very firmly stuck flake of rust. It is better to clean the nozzle with a wooden stick or a piece of copper wire so as not to spoil the diameter.
Now all that's left is to put it back together. Here, too, there are subtleties. The membrane is first installed in the cover of the water unit. At the same time, it is important not to put it upside down and not block the fitting connecting the halves of the water unit (arrow in the photo)
Now all eight screws are installed in their places, they are held by the elasticity of the edges of the holes in the membrane.
The cover is installed on the body (do not confuse - which side, see the correct position in the photo) and the screws carefully, 1-2 turns alternately are wrapped crosswise, avoiding the skew of the lid. This assembly allows not to deform or tear the membrane.
After that, the water unit is installed in the gas part and slightly fixed with screws. The screws are finally tightened after the water pipes are connected. Then water is supplied and the connections are checked for leaks. It is not necessary to be zealous with tightening the nuts, if a slight tightening does not help, then it is required replacement gaskets. They can be bought or made independently from sheet rubber 2-3 mm thick.
It remains to put the casing in place. It is better to do this together, because it is very difficult to get on the pins almost blindly.
That's all! Repair took 15 minutes and was completely free. The video shows the same thing more clearly.
#63 Yuri Makarov 22.09.2017 11:43
Quoting Dmitry:
These water heaters(Table 133) (GOST 19910-74) are installed mainly in gasified residential buildings equipped with running water, but not having a centralized hot water supply. They provide fast (within 2 minutes) heating of water (up to a temperature of 45 ° C), continuously coming from the water supply.
According to the equipment of automatic and control devices, the devices are divided into two classes.
Table 133
Note. Devices of type 1 - with the removal of combustion products into the chimney, type 2 - with the removal of combustion products into the room.
Top-class devices (B) have automatic safety and regulation devices that provide:
b) shutdown of the main burner in the absence of vacuum in
Chimney (apparatus type 1);
c) regulation of water flow;
d) regulation of the flow or pressure of gas (only natural).
All devices are provided with an externally controlled ignition device, and type 2 devices with an additional temperature selector.
Apparatuses of the first class (P) are equipped with automatic ignition devices that provide:
a) gas access to the main burner only in the presence of a pilot flame and water flow;
b) shutdown of the main burner in the absence of vacuum in the chimney (apparatus type 1).
The pressure of the heated water at the inlet is 0.05-0.6 MPa (0.5-6 kgf / cm²).
Appliances must have gas and water filters.
The devices are connected to water and gas pipelines using union nuts or couplings with lock nuts.
Symbol of a water heater with a rated heat load of 21 kW (18 thousand kcal / h) with the removal of combustion products into the chimney, operating on gases of the 2nd category, the first class: VPG-18-1-2 (GOST 19910-74).
Flowing gas water heaters KGI, GVA and L-3 are unified and have three models: VPG-8 (flowing gas water heater); HSV-18 and HSV-25 (Table 134).
Rice. 128. Flowing gas water heater VPG-18
1 - cold water pipe; 2 - gas valve; 3 - ignition burner; 4-gas outlet device; 5 - thermocouple; 6 - solenoid valve; 7 - gas pipeline; 8 - hot water pipe; 9 - thrust sensor; 10 - heat exchanger; 11- main burner; 12 - water-gas block with a nozzle
Table 134
| Indicators | Water heater model | ||
| HSV-8 | HSV-18 | HSV-25 | |
| Thermal load, kW (kcal/h) Heat output, kW (kcal/h) Permissible water pressure, MPa (kgf/cm²) |
9,3 (8000) 85 | 2,1 (18000)
18 (15 300) 0,6 (6) |
2,9 (25 000) 85
25 (21 700) 0,6 (6) |
| Gas pressure, kPa (kgf / m 2): natural liquefied The volume of heated water for 1 min at 50 ° C, l Diameter of fittings for water and gas, mm Diameter of a branch pipe for removal of products of combustion, mm |
|||
| Overall dimensions, mm; | |||
Table 135. TECHNICAL DATA OF GAS WATER HEATERS
| Indicators | Water heater model | |||
| KGI-56 | GVA-1 | GVA-3 | L-3 | |
| 29 (25 000) | 26 (22 500) | 25 (21 200) | 21 (18 000) | |
| Gas consumption, m 3 /h; | ||||
| natural | 2.94 | 2,65 | 2,5 | 2,12 |
| liquefied | - | - | 0,783 | |
| Water consumption, l/mn, temperature 60°С | 7,5 | 6 | 6 | 4,8 |
| Diameter of a branch pipe for removal of products of combustion, mm | 130 | 125 | 125 | 128 |
| Connecting fitting diameter D mm: | ||||
| cold water | 15 | 20 | 20 | 15 |
| hot water | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| gas Dimensions, mm: height |
15 950 | 15 885 | 15 | 15 |
| width | 425 | 365 | 345 | 430 |
| depth | 255 | 230 | 256 | 257 |
| Weight, kg | 23 | 14 | 19,5 | 17,6 |
Gas instantaneous water heaters
The main components of a flowing water heater (Fig. 12.3) are: a gas burner, a heat exchanger, an automation system and a gas outlet.
Gas low pressure fed into the injection burner 8 . The combustion products pass through the heat exchanger and are discharged into the chimney. The heat of the combustion products is transferred to the water flowing through the heat exchanger. A coil is used to cool the fire chamber. 10 , through which water circulates passing through the heater.
Gas instantaneous water heaters are equipped with gas venting devices and draft breakers, which prevent the flame from extinguishing in the event of a short-term violation of draft
gas burner device. For connection to the chimney there is a chimney pipe.
Flow-through water heaters are designed to produce hot water where it is not possible to provide it centrally (from a boiler house or heating plant), and are classified as instantaneous devices.
Rice. 12.3. circuit diagram instantaneous water heater:
1 – reflector; 2 – top cap; 3 – bottom cap; 4 – heater; 5 – igniter; 6 – casing; 7 – block crane; 8 – burner; 9 – fire chamber; 10 – coil
The devices are equipped with gas exhaust devices and draft breakers, which prevent the extinguishing of the flame of the gas burner device in the event of a short-term violation of draft. For connection to the smoke channel there is a smoke outlet.
According to the rated thermal load, the devices are divided into:
With a rated thermal load of 20934 W;
With a rated thermal load of 29075 W.
The domestic industry mass-produces water-heating flow gas household appliances VPG-20-1-3-P and VPG-23-1-3-P. The technical characteristics of these water heaters are given in Table. 12.2. Today, new types of water heaters are being developed, but their design is close to the current ones.
All the main elements of the device are mounted in an enameled casing of a rectangular shape.
The front and side walls of the casing are removable, which creates convenient and easy access to the internal components of the device for routine inspections and repairs without removing the device from the wall.
Water-heating flow-through gas apparatuses of the HSV type are used, the design of which is shown in fig. 12.4.
On the front wall of the casing of the device there is a gas cock control knob, a button for turning on the solenoid valve and a viewing window for observing the flame of the pilot and main burners. On top of the apparatus there is a gas exhaust device that serves to discharge combustion products into the chimney, below - branch pipes for connecting the apparatus to gas and water networks.
The device has the following units: gas pipeline 1 , blocking gas valve 2 , ignition burner 3 , main burner 4 , cold water connection 5 , water-gas unit with burner tee 6 , heat exchanger 7 , automatic traction safety device with solenoid valve 8 , thrust sensor 9 , hot water connection 11 and gas outlet 12 .
The principle of operation of the apparatus is as follows. Gas through the pipe 1 enters the solenoid valve, the power button of which is located to the right of the gas cock power handle. The gas shut-off valve of the water and gas burner unit performs a forced sequence of turning on the pilot burner and supplying gas to the main burner. The gas cock is equipped with one handle, turning from left to right with fixation in three positions. The extreme left position corresponds to closing the gas supply to the pilot and main burners. The middle fixed position (turning the handle to the right until it stops) corresponds to the full opening of the valve for gas supply to the pilot burner with the valve on the main burner closed. The third fixed position, achieved by pressing the valve handle in the axial direction until it stops, followed by turning all the way to the right, corresponds to the complete opening of the valve for gas supply to the main and pilot burners. In addition to the manual blocking of the tap, there are two automatic blocking devices on the gas path to the main burner. Blocking the flow of gas to the main burner 4 with mandatory operation of the pilot burner 3 provided by a solenoid valve.
Blocking the gas supply to the burner, based on the presence of water flow through the apparatus, is performed by a valve driven through a stem from a membrane located in the water-gas burner unit. When the button of the valve solenoid is pressed and the shut-off gas valve is open to the pilot burner, gas through the solenoid valve enters the shut-off valve and then through the tee through the gas pipeline to the pilot burner. With normal draft in the chimney (vacuum is at least 2.0 Pa). The thermocouple, heated by the flame of the pilot burner, transmits an impulse to the solenoid valve, which automatically opens the gas supply to the blocking valve. In case of draft failure or its absence, the bimetallic plate of the draft sensor is heated by the outgoing products of gas combustion, opens the draft sensor nozzle, and the gas that enters the pilot burner during normal operation of the apparatus leaves through the draft sensor nozzle. The ignition burner flame goes out, the thermocouple cools down, and the solenoid valve turns off (within 60 s), i.e. stops the gas supply to the apparatus. To ensure smooth ignition of the main burner, an ignition retarder is provided, which operates as a check valve when water flows out of the above-membrane cavity, partially blocking the valve section and thereby slowing down the upward movement of the membrane, and, consequently, the ignition of the main burner.
Table 12.2
Technical characteristics of instantaneous gas water heaters
| Characteristic | Water heater brand | |||
| HSV-T-3-P I | HSV-20-1-3-P I | HSV-231 | HSV-25-1-3-V | |
| Thermal power of the main burner, kW | 20,93 | 23,26 | 23,26 | 29,075 |
| Nominal gas consumption, m 3 / h: natural liquefied | 2,34-1,81 0,87-0,67 | 2,58-2,12 0,96-0,78 | 2,94 0,87 | no more than 2.94 no more than 1.19 |
| Water consumption during heating at 45 °С, l/min, not less than | 5,4 | 6,1 | 7,0 | 7,6 |
| Water pressure in front of the apparatus, MPa: minimum nominal maximum | 0,049 0,150 0,590 | 0,049 0,150 0,590 | 0,060 0,150 0,600 | 0,049 0,150 0,590 |
| Vacuum in the chimney for normal operation of the device Pa | ||||
| Apparatus dimensions m: height width depth | ||||
| Apparatus weight, kg, not more than | 15,5 |
The upper class includes the water-heating flow-through apparatus VPG-25-1-3-V (Table 12.2). It manages all processes automatically. This ensures: gas access to the pilot burner only if there is a flame on it and a water flow; stopping the gas supply to the main and pilot burners in the absence of vacuum in the chimney; gas pressure (flow) regulation; regulation of water flow; automatic ignition of the pilot burner. AGV-80 storage water heaters (Fig. 12.5) are still widely used, consisting of a sheet steel tank, a burner with an igniter and automation devices (an electromagnetic valve with a thermocouple and a thermostat). A thermometer is installed at the top of the water heater to monitor the water temperature.
Rice. 12.5. Automatic gas water heater AGV-80
1 – traction chopper; 2 – thermometer sleeve; 3 – traction automatic safety unit;
4 – stabilizer; 5 – filter; 6 – magnetic valve; 7– - thermostat; 8 – gas valve; 9 – ignition burner; 10 – thermocouple; 11 – damper; 12 – diffuser; 13 – main burner; 14 – fitting for supplying cold water; 15 – tank; 16 – thermal insulation;
17 – casing; 18 – branch pipe; for hot water outlet to apartment wiring;
19 – safety valve
The safety element is a solenoid valve 6 . Gas entering the valve body from the gas pipeline through the valve 8 , lighting the igniter 9 , heats the thermocouple and enters the main burner 13 , on which the gas is ignited from the igniter.
Table 12.3
Technical characteristics of gas water heaters
with water circuit
| Characteristic | Water heater brand | |||
| AOGV-6-3-U | AOGV-10-3-U | AOGV-20-3-U | AOGV-20-1-U | |
| Dimensions, mm: diameter height width depth | – – | – – | – | – – |
| The area of the heated room, m 2, no more | 80–150 | |||
| Rated thermal power of the main burner, W | ||||
| Rated thermal power of the pilot burner, W | ||||
| Water temperature at the outlet of the apparatus ͵ °C | 50–90 | 50–90 | 50–90 | 50–90 |
| Minimum vacuum in the chimney, Pa | ||||
| Temperature of combustion products at the outlet of the apparatus, °C, not less than | ||||
| Connecting pipe thread fittings, inch: for inlet and outlet of water for gas supply | 1½ 1½ | 1½ 1½ | ¾ | ¾ |
| Efficiency, %, not less than |
Automatic gas water heater AGV-120 is designed for local hot water supply and space heating up to 100 m2. The water heater is a vertical cylindrical tank with a capacity of 120 liters, enclosed in a steel casing. In the furnace part there is a cast-iron injection gas-burner low pressure, to which a bracket with an igniter is attached. Gas combustion and maintaining a certain water temperature are automatically regulated.
The scheme of automatic regulation is two-position. The main elements of the automatic control and safety unit are a bellows thermostat, an igniter, a thermocouple and an electromagnetic valve.
Water heaters with a water circuit of the AOGV type operate on natural gas, propane, butane and their mixtures.
Rice. 12.6. Heating gas apparatus AOGV-15-1-U:
1 - thermostat; 2 – thrust sensor; 3 - shut-off and control valve;
4 - shut-off valve; 5 – fitting of the ignition burner; 6 – filter;
7 - thermometer; 8 - fitting direct (hot) water supply; 9 – connecting tube (general); 10 - tee; 11 – a connecting tube of the gauge of draft; 12 - impulse pipeline of the pilot burner; 13 - safety valve; 14 – connecting tube of the flame extinction sensor; 15 - fixing bolt; 16 - asbestos lining; 17 - facing; 18 – flame extinguishing sensor; 19 - collector; 20 – gas pipeline
AOGV type devices, unlike storage water heaters, are used only for heating.
The AOGV-15-1-U apparatus (Fig. 12.6), made in the form of a rectangular pedestal with a white enamel coating, consists of a heat exchanger boiler, a smoke exhaust pipe with a control damper as a draft stabilizer, a casing, a gas burner device and an automatic control and safety unit.
Gas from the filter 6 enters the shut-off valve 4 from which there are three outputs:
1) main - to the shut-off and control valve 3 ;
2) to fitting 5 top cover for gas supply to the pilot burner;
3) to the fitting of the bottom cover for supplying gas to the draft sensors 2 and extinguishing the flame 18 ;
Through the shut-off and control valve, gas enters the thermostat 1 and through the gas pipeline 20 into the collector 19 , from where it is fed through two nozzles to the confuser of burner nozzles, where it mixes with primary air, and then goes into the furnace space.
Rice. 12.7. Burners vertical ( but) and adjustable with horizontal
tubular mixer ( b):
1 - cap; 2 - fire nozzle; 3 – diffuser; 4 - gate; 5 – nozzle nipple;
6 – nozzle body; 7 - threaded bushing; 8 - mixing tube; 9 – mouthpiece-mixer
Gas instantaneous water heaters - the concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Gas instantaneous water heaters" 2017, 2018.
Malfunctions of the column KGI-56
Insufficient pressure water;
The hole in the submembrane space is clogged - clean it;
The stem does not move well in the stuffing box - refill the stuffing box and lubricate the stem.
2. When the water intake is stopped, the main burner does not go out:
Clogged hole in the supra-membrane space - clean;
Dirt got under the safety valve - clean;
Weakened small spring - replace;
The stem does not move well in the stuffing box - refill the stuffing box and lubricate the stem.
3. Radiator clogged with soot:
Adjust the combustion of the main burner, clean the radiator from soot.
HSV-23
The name of a modern column made in Russia almost always contains letters HSV: this is a water-heating device (V) flow-through (P) gas (G). The number after the letters VPG indicates the thermal power of the device in kilowatts (kW). For example, VPG-23 is a flow-through gas water heating apparatus with a thermal power of 23 kW. Thus, the name of modern speakers does not define their design.
Water heater VPG-23 created on the basis of the water heater VPG-18, produced in Leningrad. In the future, HSV-23 was manufactured in the 80-90s. at a number of enterprises in the USSR and then in the CIS.
HSV-23 has the following specifications:
thermal power - 23 kW;
water consumption when heated to 45°C - 6 l/min;
water pressure - 0.5-6 kgf / cm 2.
VPG-23 consists of a gas outlet, a radiator (heat exchanger), a main burner, a block valve and an electromagnetic valve (Fig. 23).
gas outlet serves to supply combustion products to the flue pipe of the column.
The heat exchanger consists from a heater and a fire chamber surrounded by a cold water coil. The size of the fire chamber VPG-23 is smaller than that of KGI-56, because the VPG burner provides better mixing of gas with air, and the gas burns with a shorter flame. A significant number of VPG columns have a radiator consisting of a single heater. The walls of the fire chamber in this case are made of steel sheet, which saves copper.
Main burner consists of 13 sections and a collector, interconnected by two screws. Sections are assembled into a single whole with the help of coupling bolts. There are 13 nozzles installed in the collector, each of which supplies gas to its section.
Rice. 23. HSV-23 column
Block crane consists from the gas and water parts, connected by three screws (Fig. 24).
gas part block valve consists of a body, a valve, a conical insert for a gas valve, a valve plug, a gas valve cover. The valve has a rubber seal on the outer diameter. A conical spring presses on top of it. The seat of the safety valve is made in the form of a brass insert pressed into the body of the gas section. The gas cock has a handle with a limiter that fixes the opening of the gas supply to the igniter. The faucet plug is held in the body by a large spring. The valve plug has a recess for supplying gas to the igniter. When the valve is turned from the extreme left position at an angle of 40 °, the groove coincides with the gas supply hole, and the gas begins to flow to the igniter. In order to supply gas to the main burner, it is necessary to press the handle of the valve and turn further.
Rice. 24. Block crane VPG-23
water part consists of bottom and top covers, venturi nozzle, diaphragm, poppet with stem, retarder, stem seal and stem clamp. Water is supplied to the water part on the left, enters the submembrane space, creating a pressure in it equal to the water pressure in the water supply system. Having created pressure under the membrane, the water passes through the Venturi nozzle and rushes to the radiator. The Venturi nozzle is a brass tube, in the narrowest part of which there are four through holes that open into the outer circular groove. The undercut coincides with the through holes that are in both covers of the water part. Through these holes, pressure from the narrowest part of the Venturi nozzle is transferred to the supra-membrane space. The poppet stem is sealed with a nut that compresses the PTFE gland.
Water flow automatic in the following way. With the passage of water through the Venturi nozzle in the narrowest part, the highest speed of movement of water and, therefore, the lowest pressure. This pressure is transmitted through the through holes to the supra-membrane cavity of the water part. As a result, a pressure difference appears under and above the membrane, which bends upward and pushes the plate with the stem. The stem of the water part, resting against the stem of the gas part, lifts the safety valve from the seat. As a result, the gas passage to the main burner opens. When the water flow stops, the pressure under and above the membrane equalizes. The conical spring presses the safety valve and presses it against the seat, the gas supply to the main burner stops.
Solenoid valve(Fig. 25) serves to turn off the gas supply when the igniter goes out.
Rice. 25. Solenoid valve VPG-23
When the solenoid valve button is pressed, its stem rests against the valve and moves it away from the seat, while compressing the spring. At the same time, the armature is pressed against the core of the electromagnet. At the same time, gas begins to flow into the gas part of the block valve. After ignition of the igniter, the flame begins to heat the thermocouple, the end of which is installed in a strictly defined position with respect to the igniter (Fig. 26).
Rice. 26. Installation of the igniter and thermocouple
The voltage generated during the heating of the thermocouple is supplied to the winding of the core of the electromagnet. The core begins to hold the anchor, and with it the valve, in the open position. Solenoid valve response time - about 60 sec. When the igniter goes out, the thermocouple cools down and stops generating voltage. The core no longer holds the anchor, under the action of the spring the valve closes. The gas supply to both the igniter and the main burner is stopped.
Traction control turns off the gas supply to the main burner and igniter in case of violation of draft in the chimney. It works on the principle of "removal of gas from the igniter".
Rice. 27. Traction sensor
The automation consists of a tee, which is attached to the gas part of the block valve, a tube to the draft sensor and the sensor itself. Gas from the tee is supplied to both the igniter and the draft sensor installed under the gas outlet. The thrust sensor (Fig. 27) consists of a bimetallic plate and a fitting, reinforced with two nuts. The top nut is also a seat for a plug that shuts off the gas outlet from the fitting. A tube supplying gas from the tee is attached to the fitting with a union nut.
With normal draft, the combustion products go into the chimney without falling on the bimetallic plate. The plug is tightly pressed against the seat, the gas does not come out of the sensor. If the draft in the chimney is disturbed, the combustion products heat up the bimetallic plate. It bends up and opens the gas outlet from the fitting. The gas supply to the igniter decreases sharply, the flame ceases to heat the thermocouple normally. It cools down and stops producing voltage. As a result, the solenoid valve closes.
Faults
1. The main burner does not light up:
Insufficient water pressure;
Deformation or rupture of the membrane - replace the membrane;
Clogged Venturi nozzle - clean;
The rod came off the plate - replace the rod with the plate;
Distortion of the gas part in relation to the water part - align with three screws;
2. When the water intake is stopped, the main burner does not go out:
Dirt got under the safety valve - clean;
Weakened cone spring - replace;
The stem does not move well in the stuffing box - lubricate the stem and check the tightness of the nut.
3. In the presence of an igniter flame, the solenoid valve is not held in the open position:
a) electrical failure circuit between thermocouple and electromagnet - open or short circuit. Maybe:
Lack of contact between the thermocouple and electromagnet terminals;
Violation of the insulation of the copper wire of the thermocouple and its short circuit with the tube;
Violation of the insulation of the turns of the electromagnet coil, shorting them to each other or to the core;
Violation of the magnetic circuit between the armature and the core of the electromagnet coil due to oxidation, dirt, grease, etc. It is necessary to clean the surfaces with a piece of coarse cloth. Cleaning of surfaces with needle files, sandpaper, etc. is not allowed;
b) insufficient heating thermocouples:
The working end of the thermocouple is smoky;
The igniter nozzle is clogged;
The thermocouple is incorrectly installed relative to the igniter.
FAST column
Instantaneous water heaters FAST have open chamber combustion, combustion products are removed from them due to natural draft. Columns FAST-11 CFP and FAST-11 CFE heat 11 liters of hot water per minute when the water is heated to 25°C
(∆T = 25°С), columns FAST-14 CF P and FAST-14 CF E - 14 l/min.
Flame control on FAST-11 CF P (FAST-14 CF P) produces thermocouple, on columns FAST-11 CF E (FAST-14 CF E) - ionization sensor. Speakers with an ionization sensor have an electronic control unit that needs power supply - a 1.5 V battery. The minimum water pressure at which the burner ignites is 0.2 bar (0.2 kgf / cm 2).
The scheme of the FAST CF water heater model E (i.e. with an ionization sensor) is shown in fig. 28. The column consists of the following nodes:
Gas outlet (traction diverter);
Heat exchanger;
Burner;
Control block;
Gas valve;
Water valve.
The gas outlet is made of 0.8 mm thick aluminum sheet. The diameter of the FAST-11 smoke outlet is 110 mm, FAST-14 is 125 mm (or 130 mm). A draft sensor is installed on the gas outlet 1 . The heat exchanger of the water heater is made of copper using the “Water cooling of the combustion chamber” technology. Copper tube has a wall thickness of 0.75 mm, an inner diameter of 13 mm. The burner model FAST-11 has 13 nozzles, FAST-14 has 16 nozzles. The nozzles are pressed into the manifold; when switching from natural gas to liquefied gas or vice versa, the manifold is replaced entirely. An ionization electrode is fixed on the burner 4, ignition electrode 2 and igniter 3.
Rice. 28. Scheme of the FAST CFE water heater
Electronic control unit powered by a 1.5 V battery. Ionization and ignition electrodes, a draft sensor, an on / off button 5, a microswitch are connected to it 6, as well as the main solenoid valve 7 and the igniter solenoid valve 8. Both solenoid valves are included in gas valve, which also has a membrane 9, main valve 10 and cone valve 11. The gas valve has a device for adjusting the gas supply to the burner (12). The user can adjust the gas supply from 40 to 100% of the possible value.
The water valve has a diaphragm with a poppet 13 and venturi tube 14. With water temperature controller 15 the consumer can change the flow of water through the water heater from the minimum (2-5 l / min) to the maximum (11 l / min or 14 l / min, respectively). The water valve has a master regulator 16 and additional regulator 17, as well as a flow regulator 18. A vacuum tube is used to provide a pressure drop across the membrane. 19.
FAST CF model E columns are automatic, after pressing the button on off" 5 further switching on and off is carried out by a hot water tap. When the water flow through the water valve is more than 2.5 l / min, the membrane with a plate 13 shifts and turns on the microswitch 6, and also opens the cone valve 11. main valve 10 before switching on, it is closed, since the pressure above and below the membrane 9 is the same. The above-membrane and sub-membrane spaces are interconnected through the normally open main solenoid valve 7. After switching on, the electronic control unit supplies sparks to the ignition electrode 2 and voltage to the igniter solenoid valve 8, which was closed. If after ignition of the igniter 3 ionization electrode 4 detects a flame, the main solenoid valve is energized 10 and it closes. Gas from under the membrane 9 goes to the fire. Pressure under the diaphragm 9 decreases, it moves and opens the main valve 10. Gas goes to the burner, it ignites. Igniter 3 goes out, the power to the igniter valve is turned off. If the burner goes out, through the ionization electrode 4 the current will stop flowing. The control unit will turn off the power to the main solenoid valve 7. It will open, the pressure under and above the membrane will equalize, the main valve 10 will close. The change in burner power is automatic and depends on the water flow. conical valve 11 due to its shape, it ensures a smooth change in the amount of gas supplied to the burner.
Water valve works in the following way. With the flow of water, the membrane with a plate 13 deviates due to changes in pressure below and above the membrane. The process occurs due to the Venturi tube 14. As water flows through the constriction of the venturi, the pressure decreases. Through a vacuum tube 19 the reduced pressure is transferred to the supra-membrane space. Main regulator 16 connected to the membrane 13. It moves depending on the water flow, as well as the position of the additional regulator 1 7. The water flow is terminated through a venturi tube and an open temperature controller 15. temperature controller 15 the consumer can change the flow of water, which allows some of the water to be supplied bypassing the venturi. The more water passes through the temperature controller 15, the lower its temperature at the outlet of the water heater.
Gas supply regulation on the burner depending on the water flow is as follows. With an increase in flow, the membrane with a plate 13 is rejected. With it, the main regulator deviates 16, the water flow decreases, i.e. the water flow depends on the position of the membrane. At the same time, the position of the cone valve 11 in the gas valve also depends on the movement of the diaphragm with the plate 13.
When you turn off the hot tap water pressure on both sides of the membrane with a plate 13 levels out. Spring closes the cone valve 11.
Thrust sensor 1 set at the gas outlet. In case of violation of traction, it is heated by combustion products, the contact in it opens. As a result, the control unit is disconnected from the battery, the water heater turns off.
Review questions
1. What is the nominal pressure of LPG for domestic stoves?
2. What needs to be done to transfer the stove from one gas to another?
3. How is the slab faucet arranged?
4. How is the electric ignition of the stove burners carried out?
5. Describe the main malfunctions of the plates.
6. Explain the sequence of actions when igniting the burners of the stove.
7. What are the main nodes of the column?
8. What does dispenser safety automation control?
9. How is the gas part of KGI-56 arranged?
10. How does block crane KGI-56 work?
11. How is the water part of HSV-23 arranged?
12. Where is the venturi nozzle in HSV-23?
13. Describe the operation of the water part of HSV-23.
14. How does the HSV-23 solenoid valve work?
15. How does the VPG-23 automatic traction work?
16. For what reason can the main burner HSV-23 not light up?
17. What is the minimum water pressure to operate the FAST dispenser?
18. What is the supply voltage of the FAST speaker?
19. Describe the device of the FAST column gas valve.
20. Describe the operation of the FAST column.
