Mushroom lovers in our country are even debugging! Only here for a hike to the forest on the "quiet hunt" need concomitant weather and certain climatic conditions. Not everyone thinks about growing mushrooms at home, and even in almost industrial scales. Most considers it fantastic. However, everything is real. And how to breed mushrooms in a greenhouse or home, we will also tell me further.
The very idea of \u200b\u200bgrowing mushrooms at home is posted before choosing a specific species. All varieties suitable for home breeding do not need special material costs or additional efforts. The exception is only champignons, but experienced gardener Correct with this problem. The choice must be made, first of all, based on the desired profit. All varieties of mushrooms suitable for growing at home can be classified into two main types:
First include all shiitake, oyster, as well as winter whale. But the second is no less popular champignons and rings. Even if there is not large squares Vintage can be gathered excellent. That is why these varieties are recommended for growing industrial scales.
Growing at home on the balcony
The main share of time that is needed for growing mushrooms is spent on creating a mushroom. However, the advice of experienced fungiovodov suggests that this material is better to grow independently. After all, even the best and proven suppliers from time to time are strongly supplied. Mushroom can be raised in two ways:
The choice depends on which mushrooms it is planned to grow.
Growing mushrooms on the nutritional substrate
Mycelium is grown in a specific substrate. It is recommended to take care of whether its chemical and mineral composition is as similar as possible to the one in which the mushrooms grow under natural conditions. The composition of this environment should be chosen again, depending on the type of grown mushrooms.
For example, Shiitake feel more comfortable in the wood, champignons - in the compost, but the peeps prefer a straw. With proper care, crushed straw, as well as sawdust can provide a crop of any of the listed mushroom species. However, the substrate should be qualitative. It is ensured by its dryness, lack of mold, as well as unpleasant odors and third-party impurities.
Wheat straw is best suited for growing mushrooms. You can also use rye or barley. Oyshemks are allowed to multiply in the Sunflower Lug. However, it is necessary to use only fresh material, because the dendented bacteria can be perfectly multiplying.
Mycelium is a foundation in which there is a large number of germinated mushroom disputes. As soon as this basis is placed in the substrate - the process of active growth begins. Initially, it is possible to observe only the appearance of thin threads, which in time turn into edible mushrooms.
Mushroom Mycelium
Purchase high-quality planting material is only in specialized stores. You need to give the advantage to wood in which there are viable mushroom disputes. They will be more resistant to diseases. Rather than planted from grain mycelium. You can buy and ordinary arms of mushrooms. Only in this case will need more time and strength in order to grow their crop. The procedure will resemble the cultivation of any culture from seeds. Newcomers are better to avoid such a way.
To obtain the maximum harvest, it is necessary that the myceliums spread as carefully in the compost. To do this, it is necessary that the landings were warm. It is possible to heat them with a special electrical finish. Heat is only needed in the incubation period. As soon as mushrooms go to the growth phase, it is better to contain them in the cool. Well suitable for this glazed and insulated balcony.
When growing mushrooms in residential premises, it is necessary to prevent the phases of their maturation. Otherwise, disputes thrown into the air can provoke allergic reactions and even asthma.
As a rule, shoots appear on the third week after the landing of mycelium. Preparedness for harvesting is determined by a hat. Cut the finished mushrooms is necessary exclusively a knife so as not to injure those that are still in the soil and only prepare to give a crop. The finished collection can be used both immediately and after pre-freezing.
The scheme of growing mushrooms from mycelium in the context
In addition to the mains there are also additional methods of growing mushrooms. True, they do not bring such a large-scale result and are used mainly by children as experiments. For example, there can be some types of mushrooms on the billets of the log. For this from hardwood wood cut the logs up to half a meter. It is necessary to do this at least 2 weeks before settling mycelium.
In the resulting workpiece in checkers, holes are made at a distance of 10 cm. After that, you need to seal sticks with mycelium. For this procedure you can apply a hammer.
Before starting work, it is necessary to disinfive the hands and make sure that the garbage is not in the holes.
Mycelius filled logs are placed in the basement and wait until it fills all the space. The procedure is long and can take time up to 1 year. The key conditions are the temperature and humidity.
There is a method of growing mushrooms on a coffee grounds. It contains a lot of trace elements:
Growing mushrooms on stumps
This environment is ideal for oyster. In addition, coffee thickness does not need to expose additional sterilization. The minus of this method is that getting at home a large amount of freshly cake is very hard. We'll have to ask him in the nearest cafe. Common freezing bags may serve as a growing container or containers from under ice cream.
Mycelium needs to be mixed with cake, and then close the container tightly. It can be kept for storage under the sink. The time of germination will be about 1 month. As soon as the surface believes, at the top of the package you need to cut through a small hole. Through it, it is necessary to spray with water 2 times a day. A week later, it will be possible to notice how small mushrooms begin to grow.
The cultivation of white mushrooms and other types at home for beginners - the occupation is very exciting and useful. The needs of their family can be quite satisfied, not even having special skills and large areas. The main thing is patience and desire to see the result. After all, you can raise them all year round!
3 parts: the main way of cultivation of mushrooms on coffee densectalternative methods of growing
The cultivation of mushrooms at home is the task, to take up which is at least once worth anyone who is interested in growing products for our own consumption. Mushrooms are a useful addition to any diet, because they contain few calories and fat, but a lot of fiber and potassium. In addition, they are easy to grow at home. Mushrooms are best grown in the room where it is easy to control the temperature and conditions. Knowing how to grow mushrooms at home, you can carefully manage the conditions for their cultivation.
Select the type of mushrooms that you will grown.
There are 3 types of mushrooms that are easiest to grow at home: oysteries, champignons and chitaki. The method of growing each type of mushrooms is similar, but the perfect nutrient medium is distinguished.
Buy fungouncing.
Mushrooms are sawdust, penetrated by mushroom mycelium - essentially, the root structure of the mushroom. They are used as plant saplings to promote growth.
If you grow mushrooms in straw or sawdust, you must sterilize this substrate before sowing the mushrooms. This is done in order to kill any microorganisms that can compete with mycelium.
Mycelium needs to be carefully distributed in a nutrient medium so that mushrooms began to grow. Warm temperature stimulates growth.
After three weeks, put the substrate into a dark and cool place (about 13 ° C). As a rule, a basement is suitable for this, but in the winter the closet is suitable or a box in an unheated room.
About three weeks later you will have small mushrooms. Support humidity, coolness and dimming to contribute to their growth.
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Supporters of healthy nutrition and just curious gardeners attract the cultivation of mushrooms at home. It allows you to supplement the diet of the family with environmentally friendly low-calorie products that are almost not containing fat, but rich fiber and potassium. Independent breeding of mushrooms only seems difficult and troublesome business. Even newcomers will be able to grow them, without minimizing costs. Knowledge of technology and compliance with the requirements of mushrooms to the content conditions will allow you to get a good harvest.
Most often, three types of mushrooms are bred at home:
The rules of their cultivation are almost identical. The difference is traced only in the composition of the nutrient medium. Oyshemks most comfortably feel at straw. Wood more suitable for shiitake - sawdust deciduous trees. Champignons are faster in compost. Prepare it in a special way, mixing the following components:
Although these types of fungi have different requirements, they cannot be called too strict. In terms of competent care, each of them will delight harvest in crushed straw or sawdust. The nutrient medium must be high quality. Assess it according to external signs: purity, dryness, absence of mold, extraneous impurities and smells.
The greatest crop mushrooms will bring on wheat straw. On rye or barley they will also please abundance and rapid growth. Solol from oats for breeding mushrooms is better not to take. When growing an oyster, the sunflower husk can be used. It makes another requirement: it should be fresh. Forged husk - excellent nutrient medium for pathogens.
The next step is the acquisition of a mushroom, which will serve as a material for sowing, seedy. In the scientific literature it is called mycelium. It is a basis containing many germinated mushroom spores. After the placement of mycelium into the nutrient substrate, he begins to grow actively. First, thin white threads are formed, which, as further developed, turn into mushrooms.
The basis of mycelium can be:
So that the experience of homemade mushrooms does not bring disappointment, you need to purchase high-quality planting material. Specialized shops will come to the rescue. Wood cost with viable mushroom spores higher than grain mycelium. But she has an important advantage - higher sustainability of landings to viral diseases.
On sale there are simply disputes of mushrooms. Of them, also get champignons or oysteries. This process will resemble the cultivation of any garden crop of seeds. Salting disputes will have to be patient, because time before harvesting will be much more. This method of breeding mushrooms will require a certain skill, which only practice allows. Therefore, it does not fit for beginners.
The nutrient medium is prepared for sowing mycelium, sterilizing it. This is an important stage, which is impossible to skip. In fine straw or sawdust there may be pathogenic microorganisms that can destroy landings. In the process of sterilization, they will die. Conduct the procedure at home is not difficult. Filling with straw or sawdust heat-resistant bowl, fill in it water so that the material becomes raw. Then the dishes are placed in a microwave oven, turning it on maximum power. Heat the nutrient medium before evaporating excess water. Usually it takes about 2 minutes.
If a lot of straws or sawdust, sterilization is carried out by parties.
The productive use of mycelium implies its careful distribution in the nutrient medium. So the mushroom will give more harvest. In this stage, the disputes are important heat. It stimulates their growth. Therefore, the nutrient medium is heated with an electrical arm.
Some of the treated straw or sawdust are laying on a baking sheet or in a small but wide pan. Paving on the surface of the material of mycelium, it is slightly mixed with your fingers. The dishes with the nutrient medium are put on the electric furnace, installing its temperature at a mark of + 21 ° C. Then the design is put in reliably protected from light space. Ideal for this wardrobe. Holds mycelium in it for 3 weeks. During this time, it will spread in straw or sawdust.
For the development of mushrooms, 3 conditions are needed:
If the incubation period of the mushrooms is carried in heat, then with the entry into the phase of growth, they begin to need coolness. Comfortable temperature at the level of +10 to + 15 ° C.
Therefore, the experience of homemade mushrooms in the apartment is unlikely to be successful. In the presence of a glazed balcony, you can put a sown mycelium on it. But to create a microclimate optimal for him there, there will have to make a lot of effort.
There is another factor to be taken into account, thinking about the breeding of mushrooms in the conditions of residential premises. Ripen, they are released in the air a lot of dispute. If inhalation, they can provoke a serious allergic reaction: cough, runny nose, tear. In the room where mushrooms grow, you need to be in a marry bandage, and better - in the respirator. A long daily inhalation of the dispute may cause asthma. It is worth noting that they throw them only completely ripe mushrooms. Usually, the harvest is cleaned earlier, not allowing their hats to grow. Highlighting the disputes, they begin to dry out and become unsuitable in food. The cultivation of mushrooms in the basement or premises of similar type (cellars, sheds, garages) will be more productive and safe.
After removing from the closet, the nutrient medium with a sown mycelium is sprinkled with a thin layer of soil and spray well splashes. Professionals advise to cover the planting capacity with a damp cloth, folded in several layers, or a towel. This will help to avoid rapid evaporation of water. Behind the condition of the mixture carefully follows, not allowing it to dry and overheating.
It will be possible to notice small mushrooms after 3 weeks. Their readiness for cutting is determined by hats. You can proceed to harvest when they finally get separated from the legs. Typical error Newbies - in an attempt to disrupt mushrooms with hands. At the same time, mycelium is often injured. The new mushrooms are damaged, which are still inside the nutrient mixture. To avoid this, the crop is cut by a sharp knife. The collected mushrooms can be prepared immediately or put in a paper bag, and it is in the refrigerator. The maximum storage time is 7 days.
Some mushrooms (Boroviki, Shiitak, chanterelles, Reishi) are grown on wooden blanks - logs. They are blocked by the castlers in the sown mycel, which are made from birch. Get such a material is easy, it is on sale. The logs are cut from deciduous trees. Well suited for this poplar, maples, elms, oaks. The length of the workpieces should be 30-50 cm, and their diameter is 20-50 cm. They cut them in advance, no later than 2 weeks before the mixture of mycelium, since fresh wood has high antifungal properties.
The plugs are inserted into the holes that drill a drill to a depth of 5 cm without affecting the core of the log. Make them in a chess manner throughout the workpiece, retreating between them 10 cm. Sticks with mycelium compact. You can use the hammer for this.
Before starting work, the hand is thoroughly wash with soap. In the process, carefully monitor the garbage to the holes.
Then the logs are placed in a basement or another room where mushrooms are planned. Misselius will spread with birch traffic jams over time, completely settling the workpiece. When this happens, the germination of mushrooms will begin in a cracked logby. This process usually takes 9-12 months. It strongly influences the external conditions - the temperature and humidity of the air.
Practices of waste-free production prefer to use coffee thick for breeding mushrooms. It contains nitrogen, manganese, potassium, magnesium. In such a nutrient medium, mushrooms are rapidly developing, it is ideal for growing mad. Plus coffee cake in the fact that it does not need additional sterilization. Enough that he passed during brewing. But this method is not suitable for everyone. The reason is simple: mycelium can only be sown in fresh thick. It must be welded during the day. Getting such a volume of sleep coffee at home is not easy, but there is an output - ascertain the cake in the nearest cafeteria.
Next, you need to prepare a landing container. There are special durable bags made of geotextiles on sale. But it is possible to grow mushrooms in conventional packages for freezing or from under milk, as well as in boxes from ice cream. It is necessary to observe only 2 conditions: the packaging should be clean and roomy.
Mycelium evenly distribute on the surface of the coffee grounds, slightly interfling it in the cake. Make it with clean hands, washed with antibacterial soap. Severe sleeping coffee, it is put in the container or in the package and closed tightly. Then it is placed in a closet or under the sink. For germination, mushrooms need dark and heat (from +18 to + 25 ° C). In such conditions, the thick should go about 3 weeks.
When mycelium fell completely to her, she bother. Then the cake put in a bright place, in charge of it. At the top of the package, the hole is cut in size 5x5 cm. The nutrient medium is sprayed with water in the morning and in the evening. She should not dry, otherwise the crop does not get. After 5-7 days, small mushrooms will seem from the coffee cake. Grow they will be literally in front of her eyes. The main thing is not to forget about moisture. The Whismer Coffee Grounds can be planted on the plot, jumping into compost or bows.
Squirt mushrooms have become an indispensable ingredient for many dishes. They are added to salads, snacks, scrambled eggs, porridges, soups, roast, pilaf, stew, saltwood, sauces. They are well combined with meat, fish, liver, pasta, vegetables. Few people stand in front of cakes and other baking with a mushroom filling. Experiment with them in the kitchen can be infinite, opening all new and new taste combinations.
In the cultivation of mushrooms for a family or for sale there is nothing complicated. All they need is a comfortable environment: a nutrient medium, temperature, high humidity and ventilation. They do not have to pay a lot of attention. If you wish and the presence of a minimum of knowledge, it will not be difficult to succeed in homemade mushrooms.
Today in the gardens that just do not grow! And to mushrooms got. Cultivation by man of this plant began more than 2,000 years ago. To engage in this in Russia began at the end of the 19th century.
Today it is not necessary to go to the forest to collect a harvest and enjoy mushrooms. They can be quite possible to grow independently. How to grow mushrooms at the cottage or in the house garden plot?
The most appropriate and unpretentious for growing at home are the inhabitants of wood (winter opens, oyshoem, shiitaka), as well as soil types of mushrooms (rings and champignon).
How to grow mushrooms at home? The easiest way is to install a jar with a mushroom on the windowsill and care for almost the same as ordinary indoor plants. It should be noted that this method is not suitable for all types of fungi.
Perhaps the only mushroom capable of growing in such conditions is a winter bench. And this is due to the fact that it has a small size (the diameter of the hat is 2-5 cm) and his legs are very thin.
At normal home conditions, you can grow and hangers with champignons, but the places for them are required more. However, champignons require more complex care than oysteries. Yes, the room for them is required more cool (cellar or basement).
How to grow mushrooms at home? First of all it is important to spend preparatory process - To decide where it is better to purchase mycelium (small disputes, of which the new crop grows).
There are several options - wooden sticks and infected with rod fungi. The first option is just more expensive than the second, but it has no rot and viral infections. And buying myceliums you need from suppliers of proven, having good reviews from customers.
How to grow mushrooms? To do this, you can use in two ways:
1. Extensive. It is based on the cultivation of mushrooms in natural conditions. Many dackets who have successfully mastered this method apply wood cuttings and stumps to obtain a large harvest. You can apply or straw bales, or with a special substrate, in which you need to constantly maintain low temperature and constant humidity. Many benefits are given: compactness, relative cheapness and does not require special equipment. The only minus is if there is no suitable weather on the street, grow mushrooms on the site will not succeed.
2. Intense. The way is good for those who wish to enjoy mushroom dishes throughout the year. This method is the most effective, since fertility in this case does not depend on climate conditions on the street. But there is a likelihood of large investments, as well-equipped rooms and special devices are needed to obtain an effective crop.
It is better to apply malicious solol, not exposed to heat treatment. For the year you can get a harvest 4 times.
At home How to grow mushrooms? It is recommended to start using one bag of mycelium to see the process of growing and ripening mushrooms with its own eyes.
Growing fungi in such conditions - the task is not very simple (may also be costly), but perfect.
It is important to remember the warnings of doctors - in the process of ripening mushrooms, a lot of disputes are thrown into the air that can adversely affect the human mucosa. And people suffering from any form of allergies cannot be located long near the causative agent, which may cause serious complications.
How to grow mushrooms from scratch? For cultivation in an apartment or in your home, the first thing should be prepared for mushrooms. A separate room: basement, loggia, balcony, etc.
The main requirement is to maintain high humidity (not lower than 90%) and the constant air temperature within 20 degrees. The temperature should be reduced to 15 degrees only during the active growth of mushrooms.
Let's present information on how to grow oyster mushrooms?
This species is the leader among mushrooms grown in artificial conditions. This is due to the relative simplicity of technology, with good yield and not attendance of the oyster. The cultivation of them is available to each wishes, it is only necessary to correctly follow the recommendations.
Using only some blowing materials and funds can be collected up to 3 kg of harvest from one kilogram of used mycelium. The key to the successful cultivation of the oyster is the correct selected room, the quality of the substrate and mycelium.
1. Acquisition of mycelium. Many specialized shops and companies engaged in growing mushrooms of mushrooms sell Misselius. It is the acquisition that such producers is an important point For beginners of mushrooms.
2. Preparation of the substrate. How to grow oyster mushrooms, on what substrate? Preparing it is important for growing mushrooms. The best results and in germination, and in yields can be obtained when using a substrate from barley straw or wheat, crushed corn cobs and stalks, silk husks and buckwheat husks. An important condition is the lack of mold. All this is crushed to 5 cm sizes.
3. Formation of mushroom blocks (semblance of a bed where heinkers are grown). As a "capacitance", you can take a plastic bag, disinfected or processed thermally. The optimal volume of such a bag is not less than 5 kg. To create blocks, it is necessary to fill the bags of mycelium and substrate bags (for each 5-centimeter substrate layer - about 0.5 cm mycelium), in which the latter should be on the first and on the last layer. Then the bag in the neck is tightly tied.
4. Block perforation - the final stage. Small openings at a distance of 10 cm are done in checkers.
5. Care. Starting from the very first days, the air temperature should be within 20-30 ° C, the constant level of humidity should also be observed by automatic irrigation. Lighting rate Daily - at least 8 hours. Also, watering the substrate is also needed - no less often 1-2 times a day with warm water and daily cleaning of the room using chlorine-based funds.
After 45 days, the first crop of fungi appears. It is necessary to collect them, carefully cutting a mushroom with a knife at the very base, and families, which contributes to the preservation of quality and longer storage of the crop.
White mushrooms Any dish turn into amazing royal treats! But they will practically do not meet in stores, and on the market can be purchased only in the fall. It should be noted that white mushroom Among Russian species is one of the most expensive. And this is one of the reasons why gardeners still decide to try to grow this mushroom at home or in the garden plot, although it is not so easy to do. How to grow white mushrooms without significant problems and costs?
Unfortunately, the cultivation of this mushroom in volumes often does not pay off, in connection with this, not very large "mushroom farms" belong to private gardeners. The main complexity is the close interaction of white mushrooms with certain species of trees, and such natural conditions are difficult to create in the plant. It is easier to create the appropriate conditions for mushrooms on a small one's own sect or in a separate room. White mushrooms are perfectly growing among coniferous trees, oaks and birches. They also feel well in young mixed landings and in fir planting.
Most recently, the breeders of Holland brought special white mushrooms, capable of giving good crops in rooms with an artificial environment: greenhouses, greenhouses, etc. Of course, not everyone can cope with the specifics of growing white mushroom.
How to grow white mushrooms at home? There are mushrooms for this, as for the above, two cultivation technologies:
1. Extensive - breeding in the forest, on the garden plot (open air). This is the easiest and most economical way, but the yield in this case strongly depends on the weather conditions.
2. Intense - breeding in an artificial habitat. The method requires considerable financial investments, the presence of a special room with necessary equipment To control the climate. With proper care, the yield is consistently high, and the payback from this method is relatively fast.
How to grow white mushrooms at home correctly? An extremely important condition is the air permeability of the substrate, since the fungita cannot develop fully and may be infected with mold. It can consist, as noted above, also from sunflower husk, straw, buckwheat, dried corn stems, etc. In the subsequent can be used and sawdust of hardwood.
It is important that the substrate is necessarily dry, without rot and mold. It should not be overgrown with it. If moisture during hydrothermal processing remains a bit left, the substrate must be suspended so that in 2-3 days excess water glass.
After processing, the substrate should be crushed so that it becomes to have a sponge property (hold moisture). The quality of the material can be determined by pressing it - the substrate springs, but does not highlight moisture. Only then can I put mycelium into it.
Many are wondering whether it is possible and how to grow mushrooms on the garden plot (extensive method). Of course, it is possible, provided that suitable trees grow on the territory. For white mushrooms, it is necessary to preserve birch, oaks or pines. But this is not enough. It is necessary to prepare a suitable seating mixture for growing, then select a landing space.
At a distance of one meter from the selected tree, it is necessary to remove the soil layer to a depth of about 15 cm, ensuring that the roots of the tree are not damaged. Slightly exposing the roots, fall asleep sowing material on them (350 ml per area of \u200b\u200b25 square meters. Cm). All this fall asleep with the prepared soil and pour water (about 6 buckets on 1 tree) very carefully to avoid the erosion of the earth with mycelium. Such a landing should be made from the end of summer until mid-September.
How to grow white mushrooms in another way? It is more complicated, but also effective. In this case, myceliums with horse manure and oak leaves should be used. The shaded platform is selected and a small hole is replete with a width of 1.5 m, a depth of 30 cm. It is laid in layers of 10 cm. The mixture alternating from the ground so that there is a convex bed (above the ground 20 cm). It is better to make a bed with a show (in the form of a holloch) to avoid staring water.
For the workpiece of fragments, it is necessary to gentially cut around the blade from the blade grown in the woods in the forest (30x15 cm), divide it into pieces (5-10) and lay in the holes to a depth of approximately 7 cm. Gribnica plant in a checker order at about 30 cm. Grocery Pour and cover with foliage. It should be remembered that this method will give a harvest only the next year. However, it is necessary to water the bed every week with 5-6 buckets of water. As a result, fruit bodies will appear by the end of August. It is important to note that the yield of mushrooms planted in the second way is approximately one bucket from a portion of one tree.
How to grow mushrooms at home? Growing white mushrooms in a greenhouse, in a barn or at home, that is, in any artificial medium, can be carried out intensely. The planting process is the same as when growing other types of mushrooms.
First of all, the substrate material needs to boil (60-80 minutes), while it can not be removed from the bags. Then the water drain and put the substrate under the yoke until it is cooled to a temperature of 25 ° C. When boiling in bags, they do not need to open, only make holes for water drain. The cooled material is transferred to a sterile room, pre-treated with 1% chlorine solution (mycelium pretreatment is performed). Mycelium into the substrate to place is needed carefully so that the disputes do not scatter. All windows and doors should be closed.
And this is not all. Not so easy to grow mushrooms. How to keep all the necessary correct conditions so that the process of growing has brought good fruits in the end?
Myceliums with a substrate poured on a disinfected surface and mixed well, after which the finished mixture is laid in bags of 5-15 kg. The weight should be well seal. For the cultivation of the house, the best bags of 5 kg bags are best for simplifying the control of temperature exchange inside them. Finished bags are flattened and several holes are done on their sides to ensure air inflows. Next follows the usual care, as for all other mushrooms.
How to grow mushrooms at the cottage? In fact, it is not very difficult. The main thing is to set the goal. You never know what you can do till you try. Work requires special training and tremendous patience.
It is at the cottage - the most the best way For growing mushrooms, since the conditions for growing are more close to natural.
Mushrooms are always popular, regardless of the time of year. Some love to assemble them in the forest alone, others - prefer to buy in stores and in the markets. Growing mushrooms at home or in the country can become a very profitable view of the business. Its profitability reaches 40%, and the entry into business does not require special knowledge and large capital investments.
First of all, it is necessary to decide on exactly which mushrooms you plan to grow. You can select multiple cost-effective options:
It is necessary to receive a number of documents that will allow legally selling mushrooms:
Please note that the certificates obtained in the laboratory are valid until you grow mushrooms on one substrate. When changing the substrate, it is necessary to pass laboratory studies again.
You can grow mushrooms both on the household plot and indoors. The second is relevant if you are planning to open a mushroom farm and get a harvest constantly, and not only in the warm season. Suitable as a basement, so the warehouse, greenhouse and even the usual living room.
For breeding mushrooms, dry and clean room With good ventilation. In the cold season, it is also necessary to install additionally stoves or radiators to maintain the thermal regime.
It is worth paying attention to the humidity that should reach 80-90% depending on the agricultural species of fungi. To maintain it, it is necessary to install in the room contained with cold water.
Despite the fact that mushrooms do not like bright light, it is still necessary to ensure short-term artificial lighting. It will be needed during crop maturation.
It is advisable to divide the room into several zones, based on the main stages:
The selected room must be pre-treated with a disinfecting solution and then blazing the walls.
Mycelium is a mushroom that looks like thin light threads 10 microns thick and less. After its planning, the growing of mushrooms begins. When choosing mycelium, pay attention to the variety, the form and timing of ripening of mushrooms, their resistance to diseases of various kinds.
Be sure to check the shelf life of mycelium, their color and smell. The seller must have a product license.
To begin with, buy a small trial batch.
For the right organization of business on the fungal farm, it is important to have such equipment and supplies, as:
If you have established serious production on an industrial scale, then you should get assistants. For the work of the fungal farm you need:
The number of employees depends on the size of the farm and volume of the crop.
The technology depends on where you grow mushrooms:
It is necessary to start to prepare a special solution for such a recipe: to break the hat of an adult mushroom and soak it on a day in cold water. Then, on the site it is necessary to remove the top layer of the turf directly near the trees, and the purified place is to pour with informal solutions with mushroom disputes.
Mushrooms standing at the end of May - early June, if you are in the southern regions, in the middle lane, the landing time falls at the end of August - the beginning of September.
To accelerate growth, you can buy mycelium of white mushrooms. It is planted in a small pit, a depth of about 20-30 cm. Previously fill it with a substrate. As a substrate can be:
The layer thickness reaches 7-10 cm. Then the second layer is placed, consisting of a humoring or ordinary earth, the mycelium is placed on it, then another layer of nutrient mixture with a thickness of 3 cm. Then everyone is sprinkled with a layer of earth with a thickness of 3-5 cm.
Seeds must be planted in boxes and place on racks. For landing, a special compost is used, consisting of:
As a fertilizer, a chicken, cow or horse litter can perform. The resulting mixture is filled with hot water and insisted for 2-3 weeks. During this period, compost is smashing and watered. Then the mixels are added to the compost and lay out in the boxes.
In the room it is necessary to organize muffled lighting, a high level of humidity and ensure ventilation.
There are two options for growing these mushrooms:
Involves the preparation of the substrate, which includes:
The mixture is crushed and poured with hot water. After cooling, it is placed in polypropylene bags. The substrate layer and the layer of mycelium should be alternate. At the same time, mycelium is 3 -5% of the entire mass of the bag. In polyethylene there must be holes for ventilation, a diameter of about 2 cm. It is advisable to do holes every 15 cm.
The first month of the workpiece is stored in a closed dark room with a moisture content of 90% and about 25 degrees. After the expiration date, everything moves into a cooler place with a temperature regime of 12-18 degrees, where mushrooms are ripening.
The first mushrooms can be obtained after a few weeks, while they grow up with waves. With each new wave the amount of harvested harvest less.
It implies the use of wood and stumps for crop growing:
This method is characterized by low performance and is extremely rare.
You can learn about the real experience of growing such mushrooms from the video:
The cultivation of champignons is considered a more complex process. First, it is due to the fact that they need a special compost or substrate, secondly, the microclimate is necessary to strictly observe.
The substrate can be prepared independently. For him take:
All this is laying out layers, then insist for a month, watering every day, it is necessary to shake it every 6-7 days. Determine whether the mixture is ready for the landing, the absence of a characteristic ammonia smell will help. As soon as it disappears, you can pour out the compost of the earth and plant mycelium.
Temperature regime for champignions at least 15 degrees is best - 20-25. The level of moisture is within - 70-80%.
The mushroom grills for two weeks, and the first harvest can be obtained in 2-3 months.
Ready products need to be made as soon as possible or specially handled for long-term storage. Fresh mushrooms can be implemented:
The remnants of products can be preserved or dried.
During the Great Post and on Festive Days, the cost and demand for mushrooms grows.
We present an exemplary business plan for expenses:
For opening a business, there will be 183,000 rubles on average. The exact cost of expenses depends on the volume of production and region.
The main advantages of fungal business include:
To begin with, it is best to try to grow mushrooms in small scales, for yourself. As soon as you figure it out in the process of cultivation, you can expand the fungal farm and go to the sales market.
When working with mushrooms - landing, collecting - use gauze bandages, since mushroom spores can cause allergic reactions.
You can learn more detailed about growing fungi and the organization of fungal business from the video below:
Growing mushrooms is a rather profitable and simple type of business. It does not require special knowledge. The profitability of it reaches 40%, and it pays off during the year.
The cultivation of mushrooms at home is the task, to take up which is at least once worth anyone who is interested in growing products for our own consumption. Mushrooms are a useful addition to any diet, because they contain few calories and fat, but a lot of fiber and potassium. In addition, they are easy to grow at home. Mushrooms are best grown in the room where it is easy to control the temperature and conditions. Knowing how to grow mushrooms at home, you can carefully manage the conditions for their cultivation.
Part 1
The main method of cultivationSelect the type of mushrooms that you will grown. There are three types of mushrooms that are easiest to grow at home: oysteries, champignons and chitakas. Methods for growing these mushrooms are similar, but for each of them you need your perfect nutrient medium.
Buy fungouncing. Mushrooms are sawdust, penetrated by mushroom mycelium - essentially, the root structure of the mushroom. They are used as plant saplings to promote growth.
Sterilize the nutrient medium. If you grow mushrooms in straw or sawdust, you must sterilize this substrate before sowing the mushrooms. This is done in order to kill any microorganisms that can compete with mycelium.
Heat the substrate to spread mycelium in it. Mycelium needs to be carefully distributed in a nutrient medium so that mushrooms began to grow. Warm temperature stimulates growth.
Put the substrate in the appropriate place. After three weeks, put the substrate into a dark and cool place (about 13 ° C). As a rule, for this, a basement or cellar is suitable, but in winter a closet is suitable or a box in an unheated room.
Collect the harvest when the mushrooms are completely growing. About three weeks later you will have small mushrooms. Support humidity, coolness and dimming to contribute to their growth.
Part 2
Growing mushrooms on coffee groundsGet coffee thick. Growing Mushrooms from Coffee Grounds - interesting project With repeated use of coffee grounds, which would be different in waste. Coffee mushroom is an excellent nutrient medium for mushrooms (in particular, oyster), since it is already sterilized in the process of coffee welding and full of nutrients.
Find a container for mushrooms. It is best to use a special package with a filter that can be purchased with mushrooms. If it is not, you can use a large sealed package for freezing, a purely washed cardboard package from under milk or a box of ice cream with four holes, punctured on the sides.
Transfer the fungne to the container. Wash hands thoroughly with antibacterial soap, then interfere with the fungouncing into the coffee thickness, breaking it with your hands for uniform distribution. Put the snowy coffee grip into a plastic bag or container and tightly seal it.
Place the fungouncing in the appropriate environment. Put the package or container into a warm dark place with a temperature of 18 to 25 ° C, for example, under the sink. Leave approximately three or four weeks until the content becomes completely white due to mycelium that settled the coffee thickness.
Move mushrooms. When the contents of the package or container becomes completely white, move it into a bright place (but not under the right sun rays) and cut the hole with a hole 5x5 cm. Moisturize the contents of the container, watering it twice a day to prevent drying - mushrooms will not grow in too Dry conditions.
You can grow edible mushrooms in the apartment - it is much more practical than trips to the forest for their search. At home they grow constantly, regardless of weather, with one type and universal use. Today, grow mushrooms at home on the windowsill or on the balcony is not so difficult, as it seems.
Mushrooms have learned to successfully grow not only in the country areas, in basements, but also in apartments. You can even grow mushrooms at home even in winter:
Balconies are well suited on the lower floors that are in the shade of trees or from the northern and west side of the house. Mushrooms grow in boxes, buckets, plastic bags (bags), on chocks (these are short logs), in finished sets. On the windowsill, get harvest is more difficult, but separate craftsmen are grown on the windows of mushrooms instead of flowers.
In artificial conditions, up to 25 species are growing, including exotic truffles, but in the apartment it is easy to grow mushrooms only two types - weighs and a naughty.
If we grow with the cultivation of champignons, or white, then it will not be an apartment, but a household room, fitful exclusively for the production of mushrooms, and not accommodation.
The windows must go outside, better in the Western or Northern direction, since it does not need straight sun rays for cultivation, the windowsill should not be heated in the sun. Window on glazed balcony Or the loggia is not suitable - they are hard to ventilate and reduce the temperature.
Main methods of growing mushrooms on the windowsill:
The easiest, but not cheap way is to purchase a set for self-cultivation in the form of a mushroom box. Kits are available: Honey, oyster, champignons, white mushrooms, chanterelles.
The box contains a substrate with the already grew mysteries of mushrooms. Buy sets via the Internet. The purchased box is opened, put in a dark place or on the windowsill into a regular cardboard box from under anything that is closed from light.
Care is reduced to regular spraying. The manufacturer promises the appearance of the first mushrooms after 2-3 weeks after opening the box.
On a warmed balcony, an assortment is wider - oyster, hassle, shiitake, champignons, chanterelles and white in self-cultivation sets.
Shiitake and Oyshemes are not varieties, but they grow the same way: in banks, in pots, in plastic bags (bags), on wooden chocks.
Champignons are grown on the balcony in boxes. The advantages of the balcony - containers put in several tiers, on racks, there is no smell from the substrate for champignons, it is easier to maintain temperature regime.
Grow mushrooms with mushroom sets on the balcony more convenient than the windowsill. Yes, and see the flowers on the window more pleasant than to look at bags with mushrooms. It is desirable that the balcony is located with the northern or west side of the house - mushrooms do not like a lot of the sun.
The cultivation technique is based on glass jars on the windowsill or on the balcony one and the same.
In banks are grown only by their own ways, since they have enough thin legs that will make it possible to squeeze into the neck. In the store or on the Internet they buy a mushroom, from which mushrooms will grow. A ready for landing mycelium is a grain, on sawdust, in the form of sticks.
The planting material is decomposed into the banks, a layer of substrate in 2 cm is poured on top, tighten the gauze. Before work, you must wash your hands thoroughly.
Banks put on the windowsill, wind up the cloth or put in cardboard boxes. The mushroom should develop without light access. Gauze on the necks is sprayed daily.
After about two weeks, the substrate in banks is covered with white threads - mycelium. Optimal temperature During this period, +25 ° C. After turning the entire substrate, mycelium and the appearance of mushrooms in the neck in the neck, the temperature on the windowsill is reduced to +15 ° C.
Gauze is removed, wrapped the neck of a 10 -1 cm width of 10 - 15 cm wide, which will serve as a support for the legs. Every day, growing mushrooms and cardboard spray with water.
You can not allow direct sunlight on the windowsill.
When the hats appear from cans, the temperature on the windowsill can be raised to +20 ° C. Gather mushrooms, without waiting for full ripening - disputes in the apartment are not needed, and young people are tastier. The nest is better out of the substrate to unscrew - the bank should not remain legs.
After collecting the neck, again tie marels, the temperature is raised to +25 ° C. Growing cycle is repeated. After 3-4 cycles, the substrate is replaced.
The process of growing in pots is the same, but besides, you can grow oyster. In cardboard boxes, pots are not cleaned - enough to cover with a damp cloth.
For mushrooms on the windowsill grown, it is necessary to envisage the possibility of shading - hang blinds. To change the temperature, you can install the thermostat on the heating battery.
For growing mushrooms on the balcony make racks or buy ready-made metal. The height of the shelves depends on the height of the packages, pots and cans, taking into account the height of mushrooms.
The back and side walls should be solid to protect against sunlight, the front side should be closed with a curtain of dense tissue type of tarpaulin that does not transmit light, but by air. On the racks mushrooms can be placed in several tiers, it is easier to dialect them from the sun with a curtain.
The whole cultivation process can be divided into 3 stages.
Preparation for landing:
Mushrooms are not cut, and unscrew all the socket from the package. Collect the harvest, without waiting for the full opening of the hats in all mushrooms in the nest - they are delicious only when young.
After collecting the process repeat - packets are watered, the temperature is raised to 25 ° C. The first two are three waves of mushrooms the most damned, after 3-4 waves, the substrate is thrown out (it is possible to compost), and the process of growing is started (if liked).
The logs with grown mushrooms look much more attractive and decorative packages. "Fruit" chocks from 3 to 7 years.
The most important part is the preparation of a nutrient substrate (it's easier to buy it). Prepare for a month in the country, or in the garden.
Want to be guaranteed to get some fungi houses, regardless of the season, without care for them - get the mushroom boxes. Want mushrooms a lot, ready to deal with their cultivation and are not ready to spend a lot of money on them - use the methods above.
The technology of self-cultivation of mushrooms by the efforts of enthusiasts is brought to perfection. Many lovers have long become professionals and earn mushrooms on life. If you come to the point with the mind, the crop has enough not only for your family, but also will remain for sale. This is a very cost-effective business, but if you are a beginner, first it is worth practicing on small areas with simple in the cultivation of views.
The cultivation of mushrooms is possible in basements and in the open soil. Both cases use vegetative material and a special substrate for landing, create certain climatic conditions.
This article gives advice beginners, where and how to properly grow mushrooms on your homestead or in the cellar.
How can mushrooms be cultivated: breeding methods
To grow mushrooms yourself, you can use several methods of breeding: from the mushrooms dug in the forest, from mycelium (purchased, specially grown mushrooms), from pieces of mature mushroom hats with disputes.
Mushroom transplantation. With this method of growing mushrooms in the open ground on the site, the mushroom is crushed into the forest at a distance of 20-30 cm from healthy mushrooms along with a 10-15 cm thick layers. It is placed on a prepared place in a growing tree in the garden. The landing area must be wet and shaded. Preferably trees of the same species as in the forest. Pre-in a radius of 50 cm from the barrel remove the upper layer of the soil with a thickness of 30-40 cm. The bottom of the "Circuits" falls asleep with the compost, fallen leaves and sprinkle the earth. Then the forest reservoir with a mushroom is placed on top. It is watered and sprinkled with fallen leaves. In dry weather, drip irrigation "Circling".
Planting mycelium. To grow mushrooms in the country there is a way ready for landing a mixture containing a fungouncing. It is sold in packs. It has no extraneous impurities and microorganisms, it germs well, and the grown mushrooms are less susceptible to diseases. For the landing, mycelium also needs to prepare a place in advance. When falling into the open ground, the tree is chosen and removed within a radius of 50-60 cm around its barrel of the upper layer of soil 50 cm. The bottom of the "Circling" is prepared in the same way as in the previous case, then poured the ground with a layer of 10 cm. Top pumped mixed With the remnants of the soil of mycelium and tamper it. Fall asleep the land, water and pour from above the fallen leaves. You can pour out the finished purchased soil for growing mushrooms.
Most gardeners, as practice shows, it is advantageous to grow mushrooms that do not require special care (mushrooms, champignons and shiitake). They grow well on the substrate with vegetable waste and mineral additives, as well as for a long time they give re-crops. In the closed room or the greenhouse, the harvest of these mushrooms can be obtained all year round.
To grow on the cottage plot of Boroviki mushrooms, they should be seated under the trees of the same species as in wild conditions. If the mushrooms selected for reproduction grew, for example, under oak, then planting the material from them under birch or fir will not be effective. This is associated with the close plexus of the mushrooms with the roots of trees for joint existence.
It is possible to grow mushrooms in the basement of the house: for this mycelium, it is planted in plastic bags with a substrate and put them in a dark cool place, since for the growth of many fruit bodies do not need light.
Landing pieces of mushroom hats. The easiest way of reproduction is a landing into an open soil broken into pieces or missed through a meat grinder of mature mushrooms containing disputes. Before growing mushrooms in the garden plot in this way, they are poured onto the day. Under the tree, pumps the soil and add to it the land from the forest. Then the garden is watered with mushroom influence and lay out pieces of mushrooms on it, sucking with fallen leaves on top.
What ways you can grow mushrooms at the cottage, tells in this video:
Growing mushrooms of champignons in the country area
Mushrooms grow where the land is rich in organica, therefore special substrates based on plant components are used for their cultivation.
The cultivation of champignon mushrooms in the garden in the country is possible if the ambient temperature has been in positive values \u200b\u200bfor more than six months. To protect the mushrooms from extinction uses shelters. The compost is chosen as a substrate. You can grow champignons in greenhouses located in such a way that there is protection against direct sunlight. For this, they are adjacent to buildings from the northern side. Also, champignons grow well in the premises (basements, cellars) with special equipment (by a semi-degree).
To raise these mushrooms on the site, you need to prepare a special compost. For this purpose, the following raw materials are used: 100 kg of straw from wheat or rye, 75-100 kg of manure or 35-50 kg of bird litter, 2.5-3 kg of urea. With a smaller amount of raw materials, the compost will not be able to prepare, as it will not warm up and will not start over. It is laid on a concrete site with dimensions of 2 x 1.5 m or 2.5 x 2 m, under a canopy. It is impossible to contact the compost heap with earth or rain water to protect it from hitting the dispute of harmful fungi. First, the platform is the raw layers. The straw is crushed, stacked, alternating with fertilizers and manure, the upper layer should also consist of straw. Then the pile is watered with water (350-450 l). After 3-5 days, when enzymatic processes will already be launched in it, everything is mixed. From the mentioned amount of raw materials, 200250 kg of compost is obtained. It is enough to create a bed of 2.5-3 m2.
From natural fertilizers to prepare composite preferred cow, pork null and bird litter. The latter is always used in smaller quantities, since it is highlighted by a lot of heat. To reduce the acidity of the compost in the raw materials, lime, dolomite flour or gypsum (7-8 kg) are added. If chicken litter or pork manure is used, then the amount of additives increases 1.5-2 times.
Growing mushrooms of mushrooms in the basement of the house and in the garden
As practice shows, weak mushrooms can be grown in the garden, and in the basement. They grow on the wood substrate of different types. They are planted on the stumps of trees, on woody (core, sawdust, chips) and vegetable waste of agriculture (Sunflower, straw, corn stems) in polyethylene bags. The substrate from wood waste must necessarily smell fresh wood, in color to be light (white, yellow), contain no more than 30% moisture. More suitable for growing solid trees. Luzga sunflower as a substrate should also comply with certain criteria. From it should be the smell of fresh sunflower, not allowed by the presence of extraneous impurities. Humidity also should not exceed 30%.
To fill the bags with a size of 35 x 75 cm, 2,5 buckets of the substrate are required. Organic additives use organic additives to increase its nutrition. Information about them is attached to the Misselius purchased for landing. With the help of recommended organic additives, yield increases to 30%, and the timing of harvest is reduced. Dry fertilizers are added during the preparation of the substrate, and the liquid - before sowing mycelium.
For the cultivation of champignons, use the substrate only with a high content of organic substances, since the mineral components do not absorb these mushrooms. Mineral raw materials are added to the substrate only to reduce acidity to create optimal conditions for the growth of mushrooms and getting a good crop.
Before growing mushrooms in the basement or in the garden, the finished substrate after adding organic fertilizers Or hawked lime in an amount of 1-2% of the total mass you need to subjected to pasteurization. It is laid in bags that are completely poured with water heated to a temperature of 65-70 ° C for 3 hours. Then they are taken from the tank and are left for water flow. During this time, the temperature of the substrate is reduced to 20-25 ° C and you can start sowing mycelium. The prepared substrate is moistened, crumbly and does not stick to the hands.
The cultivation of these mushrooms on the household site is possible on stumps and chumbs with a diameter of 20 cm and a length of 50 cm. Before sowing mycelium, they are drilled along the sides and is moisturized or soaked in water, which is changed daily.
Check out the video "Growing mushroom mushrooms in the country", where all major agroprises are shown:
How to grow mushrooms on the garden plot
For breeding, they will use stumps, chumbs, branches of trees, as well as wood waste. Summer is sled in the open area, and the winter is grown in the premises. On the landing plot, the shaded place is chosen or covered with a garden with a hay, straw to protect against the sun.
It is best to grow the cultivation of these mushrooms on the summer site on the stumps of trees such as birch, spruce, aspen, pine, as well as a pear, apple tree, alder, poplar. Pni ate and pine are less suitable for breeding these mushrooms. But even those that are suitable must comply with certain criteria. Wood must be dense, with high humidity, without signs of lesion by drums. If it is wet enough, it has a dark color, and from the slop to check a small part is determined to the touch of the allocation of moisture. The state of the wood must be verified, since sometimes the humidity of the surface layers does not correspond to the moisture content of deep, for example, due to the recent rain or condensate formation due to the large difference in atmospheric air temperature in day and night.
The mushrooms are optted well on wood with uniform moisture, so for reliability it is 1-2 days before sowing water. Make it in small portions, repeatedly so that the water does not flow, but absorbed. Churbans and wood trimming are pre-for 1-2 days soaked in water. Stumps from recently cut trees in preparation for sowing mycelium do not need.
Growing mushrooms of currots on the household plot
The cultivation of mushrooms of curls in the garden plot is made in German and French technology. The German method is breeding under apple trees and birchings, among the grass under the trees. French method means cultivation in greenhouses, in beds with drainage.
In the first case, the crop of mushrooms can be collected from one place for several years. It is important to keep the landing place in the shade
In the greenhouses, a mixture of 6 parts of the garden soil, 3 parts of sawdust and 1 parts of the ash are used as a substrate.
When sowing mushrooms on the bed of a small area, under the trees and in the greenhouse, you can use a mixture of 6 parts of the universal soil intended for cultivation indoor plants, 3 parts of wood sawdust, 1 part of ash and fallen leaves.
Growing white mushrooms and shiitake in the garden at the cottage
For the cultivation of white mushrooms in the garden at the cottage you need to plant a mushroom under young oaks, birchings, firs and pines. The substrate uses horse manure, oak duch (5%) and an oak oak foliage, which is poured into the prepared place with several layers with a thickness of 20 cm. Each of them alternate with the layers of manure and pipes, and also watered with 1% ammonium nitrate solution . After 7-10 days, the substrate temperature rises to 35-40 ° C. To obtain a homogeneous mass, it is shuffled.
In detail about the cultivation of white mushrooms, it is described in this video: ...
Before grown in the garden of Shiitak mushrooms in the garden, you need to prepare hardwood of trees (oak, beech, chestnut, birch, ebony, willow, maple, aspen, poplar) and a substrate based on sawdust of the trees of the same breeds. Coniferous trees For breeding this culture is unsuitable. Grain and cereals are added to the feed substrate. For growing mushrooms, the following mixtures are used: 40 kg of sawdust, 3 kg of wheat or rice bran, 1 kg of sugar; 40 kg sawdust, 1 kg of rice bran.
The substrate is soaked in boiling water, and then dried slightly, treated thermally. To do this, it is poured with boiling water in tanks with a lid and covered with a warming layer for 8-12 hours.
How to grow mushrooms on the summer site: Proper landing
When growing mushrooms in the garden, you can use different ways landing. They differ depending on the place and method of growing, as well as the type of planting material.
Champignon. The substrate after pasteurization is poured into the prepared container (boxes that are placed on the racks) with a layer of 25-30 cm (100 kg of compost per 1 m2) or fall asleep 10-15 kg into perforated bags, filling them into a height of 30 cm. Substrate slightly It is tamped to be elastic when pressing. For landing use grain mycelium or compost fungal. The first material is stored at a temperature of 0-4 ° C to 6 months and the rate of consumption of 1 m2 is 350-400 g, and the second is characterized by less yield, but at a temperature of 0 ° C is stored up to 1 year and spent 500 g per 1 m2 .
When boarding a pointed peg, a part of the substrate is lifted and a pose of a grain mycelium or a small amount of compost mycelium (a piece of chicken egg (a piece of chicken egg size) is placed on the bottom of the pits. The substrate is returned back and press a little palm. The planting material is laying in a checkerboard with an interval between the pits 20-25 cm. Sometimes the grain mycelium is evenly scattered in the garden, taking into account the norm and then top with a compartment layer with a thickness of 4-5 cm. Top covers a container or a bed absorbing moisture material (paper, burlap ) And slightly watered from the watering can. It is important to moisten the soil, but it is impossible to allow water penetration to plant material. The temperature inside the soil is maintained at 27-28 ° C, indoors are not lower than 20-22 ° C. Do not overheat the room, otherwise the substrate and mycelium is dried. After 8-12 days, the mushroom appears on the surface of the substrate in the form of white yarns. It is sprinkled with a layer of 3-4 cm (40-50 kg per 1 m2).
How to grow champignon mushrooms, shown on these photos:
Oyster. To grow these mushrooms on the plot or in the basement use mycelium. Working with it is carried out only with pure hands in sterile gloves. Before planting it, it is placed on the refrigerator for 3.5 hours, then warm to room temperature. The landing is more convenient with the assistant. One holds the plastic bag, and the second pushes a substrate and mycelium into it so that the emptiness is not formed. By 9 kg of the substrate, 190 g of mycelium is enough.
Then the bag is tied and maintained in a pre-disinfected room 27 hours. After that, on the bag on each side, they are made by 11 6 cm long slots. For the appearance of fungi, lighting is needed 100-200 LCs (suite) for 12 hours per day. In the future, it is raised to 600-800 LCs at the same time.
At a temperature of 16-22 ° C, mycelium begins to grow and after 1.5 days, white spots appear on the substrate. It is impossible to increase the temperature in the bag to 29 ° C and higher. Wherever you have grown these mushrooms, you need to maintain a temperature of 25 ° C. The room must be periodically ventilated. 14-16 days after landing from the slots, mushrooms appear in the bag. The first 18-25 days the room is not ventilated to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide and air humidity. Lighting is used with the intensity of 5 W per 1 m2 ....
Honey. Planting material is typing in the forest. Hats of mature mushrooms with a diameter of 8-12 cm after separation from the legs are poured with rain or warm spring water by 12-24 hours. Then in the water they knead them with their hands, and the resulting mass is filled. On the stump with the help of the chisels and the hammer make 5-10 recesses with 4 cm with a diameter of 2 cm. They are located on the side surface in a checker order. The resulting liquid watered the stumps from above. In the grooves, you can not only fill the liquid with disputes (it is convenient to carry out this procedure with rubber pear or a large syringe), but also lay down the remaining mushroom mass. To grow these mushrooms in the garden, the holes on the stump are closed with moss or moistened sawdust. Its upper part is left open. On 1 stump consume 0.5-1 l of seed fluid. The crop is obtained only after 2 years. Best time For landing falls on May-August.
Boroviki. The first way of planting is performed as follows, in a specially designated place, the upper layer of soil 50 cm thick is removed and fill the recess with the substrate. The central part of the beds make an elevated, to prevent water stagnation. Earth layers with mushrooms before planting a knife are separated by 5-10 parts.
As shown in the photo, when growing these mushrooms, the obtained pieces are decomposed into the landing pits, which are made with an interval of 30 cm: ...
The depth should be so to fall asleep the mushroom layer 5-7 cm. Then the beds are watered with water and covered with fallen leaves and branches to keep the ground moist. IN next year Mushrooms will appear on it.
In the second method, the mature boringe caps are poured with cold water in dishes by 2-3 hours. Then they are crushed, 200 g of sugar is added and leave for 1 hour. Then the water with a mushroom mass is poured into the prepared soil and covered with a removed soil. The crop will appear next year.
If the mushroom is cut off and cut out of the ground, then the lower part of the leg can also be planted.
Smorchchki. With the German method of cultivation, first prepare a landing place, fill it with a substrate and watered with water. It is convenient to care for the beds of a width of no more than 1.2 m. Then, in the garden, the pieces of mushroom caps are embroidered and covered with a previously removed soil (layer of 1.5 cm). The bed is watered with water remaining from mushrooms and poured with fallen leaves or straw. Optimal time For planting - spring, but you can spend it in summer. Vintage get the next year.
Before growing in the country, these mushrooms in French technology, you need to explode in the fall and inspired the soil on the beds in the fall of fruitful crops left after processing the harvest, especially apple refuses. From above additionally fall asleep with fallen leaves.
Shiitake. With the first way of planting a substrate pasteurize and dry a little. If, when compressed in a fist, the water from it only appears, but it does not eat, then it is ready to use. Polyethylene bags are superimposed by 3-7 kg of moisturized substrate. With a stick with a diameter of 3 cm and a length of 80-100 cm in it, a channel is done in it, which is filled with grain mix of 4-5% by a total mass. With such a landing, the mushroom in the substrate quickly grows. The contents of the bag from above are covered with cotton and tight tight.
In the second method, the cultivation is used by the chumbs with a length of 1.5 m with a drilled side with a diameter with a diameter of 2 mm and a depth of 6 cm. They are laid by grain mycelium and then close to a depth of 1 cm. Wood before planting is moisturized and protected from drying.
Care of mushrooms when growing in the garden plot
To obtain a regular good harvest and for the growth of mushrooms, you need to create certain conditions
Mushrooms are relatively unpretentious culture, but they need watering and maintaining certain climatic conditions.
Champignon. After 3-5 days after sowing, the air temperature in the room is reduced to 14-15 ° C. The coating soil is regularly watered with a small amount of water so as not to wet the substrate. The room is often ventilated, excluding drafts, you can use the fan. Boxes put on each other in a chess order, and bags are placed in 2 rows, with passages. For the cultivation of champignons, only disinfected rooms are used. They are white with lime with the addition of copper sulfate, spray with 4% solution of formalin or diprayed with gray. All slots and holes are closed with a grid to protect against insects, flies are destroyed by chlorophos.
Oyster. The bags with the substrate after sowing mycelium are indoors on the shelves so as to provide air access from several sides. The distance between them makes at least 5 cm. The substrate is watered in the usual way or with irrigation of the hats 1-2 times a day. The room regularly ventilate so that the hats have time to dry up to the next watering.
Honey. In dry hot weather, stumps with hassle are irrigated with water 2-3 times a day or 5 minutes every hour. The optimal time for watering is 12-17 hours, so that the woods and hats of mushrooms have frown before the night. You can cover the mushrooms by air-permeable material (burlap, agricultural) or make a canopy from the board.
Boroviki. Circling with other mushrooms periodically watered, not allowing soil drying. The water add preparations containing useful microorganisms, for example, Baikal EM-1, to improve the growth of mushrooms. In winter, the garden is insulated with fallen leaves, straw, sweetheart.
Room growing rooms are recommended to post away from residential rooms. During the fruiting mushrooms, the mushrooms form a large number of disputes that twist in the air and can cause allergic reactions. In addition, mushrooms are grown in conditions of high humidity, which may be unfavorable for residential premises.
Smorchchki. The beds with mushrooms in the garden plot are regularly watered with water, and for the winter they are covered with fallen leaves and sweets. In the spring they are freed from the shelter and again watered. On the summer period The beds with curls are off again, but periodically continue to water in order to prevent the breath of mycelium. The soil fertilize apple waste annually.
In the greenhouses mushrooms regularly watered. In winter, the air temperature in them is reduced. In the spring, after establishing the temperature on the street with positive values, the fungal is fed by the drug Baikal-EM1, or its analogues. After the appearance of mushrooms, the greenhouse immediately shades from the bright sun, and as soon as they grow up - they begin to ventilate.
Shiitake. During the growing of the mushroom, it is usually 20-60 days, less often up to 120 days, the temperature is maintained at a temperature of 15-17 ° C, the need for lighting during this period is absent, but regular ventilation is required. After about 2 months, as soon as the substrate becomes white, and then brown, it is taken out of the blocks from the bag and placed in cold water for 2-3 days. Then the blocks are freely placed on racks so that the mushrooms grow from all sides. The room maintains a temperature of 18-20 ° C, humidity 85-90%, provide good lighting (120 LCs) and regular ventilation to remove gases that allocate mycelium. After the advent of fungi, the humidity of the air is reduced to 80%. If this is not done, then the legs in mushrooms will stretch, and the hats will be very helpful and will be small. The air temperature is changed depending on the specific type of mushrooms. Among them there are more cooling, which grow well at a temperature of 18 ° C, and in warmer conditions they lose flavor qualities, becoming breaking them, and the heat-loving, for which a warmer medium is needed.
On the open place Substrate blocks are installed in the shade and daily water. Especially necessary moisture after the advent of fungi. After 7-14 days, mushrooms grow, which still after the same period are ready to collect.
Mushrooms on wood are grown indoors at a temperature of 13-16 ° C with daily irrigation and illumination of at least 100 LCs. In the warm season, you can grow them on the same substrate at the household plot. The place is chosen protected from three sides from the wind. Open usually leave the Western or Eastern side of the wood (Stumpy Churbanov). You can land mushrooms and in an open low-seat place with high humidity, And around installing a fence that protects against wind, or plant small shrubs. Wood with mushrooms periodically moisturized with water. With increasing ambient temperature, up to 25 ° C, the mushroom starts to actively grow up, and mushrooms appear.
Harvesting mushrooms in the country
To get the maximum harvest with best qualities Mushrooms are collected at certain time intervals.
Champignon. The first harvest of these mushrooms in the country is produced in 1-1.5 months after sowing, and the next - within 2-4 months. Mushrooms are collected while the protective film between the edges of the cap and the leg is holistic. They are unscrewed from the soil, and the pit formed immediately fall asleep. The second harvest party appears a week after collecting the first. You can collect up to seven yields per year, of which in the first 2-3 mushrooms will be the largest.
Oyster. The harvest is collected three times, every 1.5-2 weeks. The first party is the largest. Mushrooms are cut into controversial, without waiting until small grow to the largest. They are fragile, so it is recommended to shift them as little as possible and immediately packaged in the packaging container
Honey. The harvest is collected twice a year - in May-June and in the fall. Mushrooms are cut off with a knife, and the sections sprinkle with moistened sawdust. The first two batch of harvest is more abundant.
Boroviki. Vintage collect at the end of summer. Mushrooms are cut by a knife, keeping the fungne in the ground. Under one tree can be collected to a whole bucket of Borovikov.
Smorchchki. In the spring of the beds, the insulation of the layer from last year's leaves is cleaned and mushrooms appear on them after 2-3 weeks. When collecting them, they are twisted behind the leg or cut off with a knife. Fragile smuffles, so hats better hands Do not touch.
Shiitake. After the appearance of fruit bodies, their development to mushrooms occurs in 10-15 days. From each chumbana collect two batch of harvest with an interval of 7-14 days. Mushrooms are cut at different stages of development, but the crop will be more, if you do it as soon as the edges of the hats bend a little. After the completion of the fruiting, the chumbana is placed in a field and is covered with a cotton mole or straw and polyethylene from light, and after 1-3 months they are soaked in water and again expose in an open place or indoors. For the year you can get 2-3 crops. Such fruiting is celebrated for 5 years. Substrate blocks after collecting each crop are soaked in water for 1-2 days and dried at a temperature of 10-16 ° C.
Mushrooms are better cut off with a sharp knife to keep the fungal in the ground and preventing in the packaging with the collected fresh ground mushrooms, which usually remains on the leg when tearing the mushrooms with their hands.
