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Almost all plants have a common feature - their cuttings (escape or part of it) are able to root!

Rooted both weird and green (young) cuttings. It is possible to roam even coniferous, but their rooting is associated with some difficulties and troubles.

There are plants about which you can say: "stuck in the ground - in a week it ranged." Such lucky people include: Birch, Willow, Oshness (Leschina), Poplar, Alder.

For cuttings, it is better to use strong overwhelming annual shoots (IVA and a poplar can be multiplicated by two-year-old cuttings and older).

Soothes for these purposes can be taken after the autumn leavefall, in winter (but at the same time they will need to be stored until spring) or in early spring.

With spring breeding the cuttings listed above can grow for the season for one or more meters (especially IVA).

With autumn reproduction Plants will go into growth already the first spring, provided that they will give roots before the onset of cold weather. Conveniently for breeding cut cuttings after spring or autumn trimming.

It is also good to use a young piglery after trimming trees "on the stump." The cuttings taken from the shoots located at the bottom of the uterine plant barrel are rooted better.

Warm escape (it is better to take the lower and middle part of it) cut into the cuttings immediately before planting. The length of the cuttings can reach up to 30 cm, with a lack of planting material, you can cut the cuttings of a smaller size, but it is desirable if it is at least five kidneys.

The upper cutting section is made direct and slightly above the kidney (0.5 cm), the lower cut is made by obliquely directly under the kidney.

It is desirable to withstand cuttings in the corpsulating drug (epin, zircon, corneser, heteroaxin) according to the instructions. After that, put the cuttings in the prepared soil (you can immediately plant directly to a permanent place, and not in the seating page), blocking into the ground for three kidneys (we consider the cuttings with five kidneys).

After landing, the cuttings must be poured (you can additionally pour the root formation stimulant).

Ideally, until the moment of rooting (the cuttings show signs of life, tried in the growth) of the soil should not rehash. If you leave from the cottage and there is no possibility to water daily - do not worry - there are enough nutrients for development in a weathered cutting.

If there is no possibility to cut the spring cuttings or autumn for autumn rooting, then the shoots for drawing can be prepared in winter or late autumn and save to spring.

To do this, they are linked to bundles and stored in a cool place (basement), supassed into wet sand, in the refrigerator or in the snow.

In the spring, the shoots are cut into the cuttings, withstand in any stimulator of the root formation and plant in the prepared soil, the soil around the cuttings are tightly pressed, the cuttings are watered.

Chief Secret When growing a stripped alive hedge, it is that it is necessary to cut it immediately after rooting the cuttings!

And immediately cut one third, no matter how sorry. The secret is that the more you relax, the more active the plant is growing, the purchase on one to three-five kidneys growth slows down (this technique is used when it is necessary to stop growth and stimulate the decoration of shoots).

Characteristic of the plant of alder, tips on landing and care on garden plot, reproduction rules, ways to combat pests and diseases, interesting notes about Aldhe, species and varieties.

Olha (Alnus) refers to a fairly extensive birch family (Betulaceae). This genus, who combined the tree and shrub representatives of the flora, has from 23 to 40 different species. All of them are mostly found in the land of the northern hemisphere with a temperate climate. However, some species grow on the South American continent in Asia, but in the latter case preferring mountainous areas. And there are also those who perfectly feel in the tundra or in the north of Africa.

Since the plant can often be found on the banks of the river arteries, it affected it in the title. The words from which it resembles in the Celtic language "Al", "Alis" and "LAN" is translated as "with", "water" and "shore", respectively. In the people, you can hear how Olhu is called Volault and Elkha, Elchina and Leshedynik, Oleh and Oleshnik, Chookha and Wilha.

All varieties of alder are deciduous plants. Depending on the place where they grow, the form of their growing can vary from shrub before the tree. If the plant has a tree look, its height is approximately 10 m. The trunks are usually thin and characterized by curved circuits. Plant bark, of which age it is neither smoothness, it is always different. The branches have a cylindrical cross section and the core, taking the outlines of the wrong triangle. Core color green. On shoots there are leakovichki rounded or oval form. The kidneys are formed on legs. Alder leaf plates grow on the branches in the next order, they are attached to the shoots they are by cerebrals. Leaves are simple and solid, in rare cases there are small blades. The edge of the foliage of the gear, hinges very early flying. The outlines of the sheet plate can vary from practically round, ovoid and reverseless to lanceal. On the surface of the sheets there is a housing in the form of peristry. In the genus there are species characterized by dying and ironiness. Color leaves of a pleasant green shade.

Interesting! Since in the okhovy leaves there is a large amount of nitrogen, they are very quickly reduced to rotting, while improving the condition of the soil, which is falling.

Olha has monodomal flowers separated by pestile (men's) and tight (female). From the first, as a rule, small sparkling inflorescences are harvested, located at the bottom of the branches. The elongated earrings growing in the upper part of the shoots are generated from the stamens. For the most part varieties of bloom falls on early spring, but there are those that bloom in the autumn winter (October December). Typically, flowers are formed before the leaves unfold either simultaneously with this process. Because of this, pollen is better transferred through wind and thus pollination occurs. Interestingly, women's flowers are two pieces in the stuffed fleshy scales. The last to the period, when the fruits are completely matured, are decorated and forming a shishchka, characterizing the olhov species and so riding the cones of conifers.

The fruit among alder performs a single-headed nut, which has a pair of weathered fishing. Also there may be leathery wings, in rare cases having a captible look, but there are and outstanding fruits. Seeds are fully affected by the middle of autumn, the period from pollination and fruiting is approximately 2.5 months. To fly out the seed material starts from autumn days, and this process can stretch until spring. Seeds are applied by water or wind. The bumps that were derefected, for a long time can remain on Wilhe, even after the fruits from the branches will shield.

Because of many useful properties Gardeners are engaged in the cultivation of alder on their panstone. At the same time, it is possible to note the particular capriziness of the plant and the ability to grow in those places where other "noble" trees cannot simply develop. It is also important to remember about the medicinal properties of Oleshnik, which have long been attracted by folk drugs. All this can be learn more.

Tips for landing alder and care for her in the open soil

1. Place for landing Willhas will suit anyone. The plant feels perfectly on an open and solar location or in the shade. Such a representative of the flora may grow even on a marshy soil, which corresponds to natural preferences or sandy soil.
2. Soil for alder. Although the plant is distinguished by non-commodity to the choice of soil, but the best growth is observed on the substrate with neutral or low-alkaline acidity indicators, when the pH is in the range from 6.5 to 8 units. If the soil is on the acidic area, it is recommended to prepare it - to make a haired lime or a dolomite flour. For nutrition, it can be mixed with a small amount of full mineral complex, for example, to apply Kemir-Universal.
3. Choosing a seedling alder. When I want to get a plant on the plot not only famous for its medicinal properties, but also contributing to the improvement of the soil with its foliage, then you can buy a seedling of Oshnik in a garden shop or on the market. Seedling pick up a young with a root system with good development. The root neck should be characterized by the presence of a small bend having traces from cut off. If the cut does not look like a tightening, that is, the likelihood of lesion of the seedling of alder of a taut fungal infection. The state of the seedling should be excellent, its barrel is smooth and fully formed, it should not be traces of mechanical damage or manifestations of fungal diseases. Root processes of small sizes are characterized by pomp and density.
4. Landing alder. To do this, the best time will perform the entire growing season (from the beginning of the spring before the beginning of the fall). The size of the pit for landing should be such that it easily placed an earthen com with the root system without its destruction. At the bottom of the landing pit, it is recommended to lay a layer of drainage material, which can be crushed stone or coarse sand. Although Olshnik and is harmonious, but at low temperatures and overwhelmed soil, fungal infections can be activated. Olhi seedlings put in the hole and gently spread the root processes, after that, all the remaining free space falls asleep with a fertilized substrate. When landing, the root cervix plants will be placed on the same level with pace on the site. After landing, it is necessary to perform abundant watering, and the ground is a little tamper. Then it is recommended to lay a mulch layer on top of the substrate, which will protect it from too fast drying. Those mulching material can be peat crumb, crushed chips or straw. If several seedlings are planted nearby, then the future sizes of the Crown of the Flows should be taken into account. In any case, the distance should not be closer to 2-3 meters.
5. Watering. Since the plant in nature prefers the proximity of water and when leaving alder, this aspect is trying to take into account, then in frequent humidifiers of the soil Olha will not need. In any case, it is recommended to track the state of the soil so that it never swam. After irrigation, either rain it is necessary to carry out the richness of the priority circle and weeding from weeding grass.
6. Fertilizers When leaving alder is not a necessity, since planting the soil with nitrogen the plant is capable of independently. However, the soil mulching should still be carried out on which the O'expit is growing with crushed peat, wood chip or even rubble. The thickness of such a layer should not be less than five centimeters.
7. Trimming Such alder plantings are carried out regularly, as this will serve as protection against the possibility of damage to fungus or pests. With the arrival of spring, you need to remove all the safe shoots and those that were damaged during the winter period.
8. Winter hardiness At such a plant, like alder - high, however, some varieties in particularly severe winters may be frost. This aspect is recommended to consider when choosing seedlings for growing in a specific region. In order not to frost young twigs, gardeners advise for the winter to apply the shelter from the huskien or agrofiber (for example, Sponbond). The best choice For the northern regions, the landing of such ammovy plants among representatives of conifers.
9. The use of alder in landscape design. Since some types of oleshnik have rather large parameters in height, they are grown as a soliter. Other, not so high, you can combine in group landings with trees and shrubs. Not bad looks formed from Wilha Alley or Live Head. A good neighborhood will be a reservoir, because of the great love of the plants to moisture.

Olhi breeding rules

To get new Oshane plantings, it is recommended to suck its seed material or apply vegetative methods, among which the shower and the leakage of the root row.

The reproduction of alder than stalling. This method is one of their simplest and at the same time the results can be seen already in the first seasonal season, since Willha has a high growth rate. On the hemp shoots, sprouts are formed after a short period of time, which until spring turns into a bush of lush outlines.

In a spring-summer period, you can deal with cutting blanks for shilling. The length of the twigs should be within 12-16 cm. The cuttings are planted directly into the open ground, but before this cuts are processed by any stimulant of the root formation. Already by autumn days, such seedlings formed full-fledged root processes, the plants are fixed enough to survive the winter period without any shelter.

The reproduction of alder root pig. In the family there are species, next to the maternal tree or a bush of which, over time, you can see young offspring, therefore they can be used as seedlings. However, such seedlings are pretty close to the parent instance (no further than 5-6 meters). They are neatly digging in spring time, separated from the root system of Maternal alder and transplant to a new place of growth. At the same time it is recommended not to destroy the surrounding root system of an earthen account so as not to expose it to be injured. The landing should be done immediately that the roots do not drive. A pan shoulding should be slightly larger land coma. The seedling is put in the hole, the fresh soil is being sweeping around it and watering and mulching is performed.

The reproduction of alder seeds is the most common way. In the autumn period, while the bumps have not yet risen, they are cut together with shoots and bring into a dry room with good ventilation. There are cones to the end ripen and open, and the seeds can be easily obtained. Then the material is sieved to separate the seeds from the garbage. The seeds obtained can be immediately placed in the seedlings filled with nutrient soil (for example, peat-sand) or stratification. Then it will be necessary to withstand the seed material in cold conditions (at a temperature of 0-5 degrees) for 3-4 months. The cooler of the seeds of Olhi must be depth of no more than 2.5-3 cm.

In the spring crop, you will have to expect the appearance of sprouts, almost one year from the moment of seeds in the ground. At first, only a small sprout will be visible, which will increase the root system. Every year, Olkhovy seedlings will be pulled out 0.5-1 m in height. If the sowing was carried out in the seedlings, then with the advent of the third piece of leaf, it is recommended to perform diving in separate containers, and only a year later, such plants can be planted in an open ground.

The process of seed reproduction in the video posted at the end of the article is presented in more detail.

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Fighting pests and diseases when growing alder

Although Oleshnik is a pretty resistant plant, but if the above rules of agricultural engineering will systematically break, exposed to diseases, among which it is allocated:

1. White mixed rotten rot Arising due to the activation of the mushroom of the mushroom beam. Usually affected plants weakened or dried apart. Under the influence of the disease, the part of the barrel occurs, namely its kernels. Symptoms are the changed color of wood - whitish with yellowish tones. To combat the processing of fungicides, such as Bordeaux fluid, when foliage has already turned out; If it is not, then they spray with an aulh solution of iron mood in a 5% concentration.
2. White fibrous rot. They suffer already dry branches, but then the disease extends to all healthy parts of Oleshnik. Subsequently, if measures are not accepted, the whole tree is moving. The above methods of struggle are applied.
3. Light yellow rotten rot Arises due to the activation of the fungus of the false mulberry. The fungus reaches the trunk core and manifests itself in the early stages by whiten strips on the wood surface. This symptom indicates the rupture of wood, as a result of which even the hollows on the trunks may occur. Here will also help spraying with copper vigorous and borobo liquid.
4. List deformation plates It is clear because of the focus on the surface, the formation of folds and wrinkles. The foliage can become curly, but she does not lose color. Noticeable harm is such a fungal disease.
5. Deformation of earrings, Compiled by female flowers. When the fungus penetrates the earrings, they begin to increase in length and width. In this case, the disease affects the properties of the seed of the seeds of alder. It is recommended to remove the affected parts of the plant.

Pests that can ruin the landing of Oleshnik, recognized:

1. Wood eaten - Butterfly, the caterpillars of which penetrate, hatching, in the wood and eat it. The shoots that were defeated are starting to dilute immediately, even though the process itself is stretched for a couple of years. The signs of the presence of the pest are foliage, acquiring a brown kel and shrinking from the tops of the branches. For the struggle, all branches with such signs are cut and burned.
2. Common ringed spine - Also, the butterfly, hatched caterpillars of which are powered by flowers and kidneys of alder, and maturely brown over the foliage. It is recommended to use insecticidal agents - accuters or actuar.
3. Olch Ciedencher - It is a beetle, whose larvae thicker a bark and there remain there. Bark, when the larvae will leave her in the form of beetles, in such a place, die. If the defeat is quite significant, then alder can just die. It is recommended to carry out regular trimming of damaged branches and even small shoots, feed on time and perform correct care For alder. When the stage of departure of beetles is coming to spray trees and bushes insecticides against bugs-cored (for example, clipper).
4. Chafer or khrushch, which not only eats the foliage, zeezazy and the fruits of alder, but his larvae is striking the root system, which is why the plant will quickly die. Apply spraying as folk remedies (onion decoction) and chemical (phytodeterm or boverin).

You can also specify such pests asblue olkhova Listoed and pyadanitsa dust dentThe fight against which is carried out by insecticidal means (carboofos, accomplishing or actar).

The plant of the Oolshannik has long been appreciated by people because of its qualities. Although it is not particularly durable, but it has a uniform structure, which makes it greatly facilitating the processing of the material, and also glances the look with a reddish color. If the trunks have enough flat outlines and thickness, then crafts are made, as well as joinery. However, most of the Wilha wood is designed for firewood, the price of which is lower compared to birch by 10-30%. If we talk about the use of olhov coal, then it is indispensable in the manufacture of powder for hunting.

Interesting! On the territory of Scandinavia there is a legend from the fact that the woman originates from Alder, and the man is from the ash.

Since the wood of Oleshnik does not lose its properties under water, it is used for underwater structures of small sizes. In the cooking, amolovy sawdust and chips are recommended to use for smoking meat and fish products. Also indispensable Wilha wood in the manufacture of body parts of the electric boiler. In addition, you can get the paint of a black, red and yellow spike, which gives woody anal material. These properties have long been applied when torn and staining leather products.

Not only folk medicine, but the official has long recognized the drug properties of alder. Eliminate the varieties of black (Alnus glutinosa) and gray (Alnus Incana). There are barks, foliage and hoping (sideways) of Oleshnik. Such tools can stop blood, eliminate inflammatory processes, fight bacteria, to provide astringent and anti-cancer actions, promote wound healing and improving immunity.

Even in the writings of the doctors dated XII century, the recipes of informations on the bumps of alder, prescribed for curing polyarthritis and dysentery. They helped with colds and colitis, contributed to the removal of symptoms not only sharp, but also chronic enteritis.

However, there are a number of contraindications for use of drugs from Oleshnik. Although the plant has no poisonous substances, but they still do not need to abuse such drugs. Among the contraindications are distinguished: the period of pregnancy and breastfeeding, individual intolerance.

Description of the types of alder

In our latitudes, among all the variety of species, it is customary to grow only 12 and the most famous among them are:

Olha Gray (Alnus Incana) or how else is calledOlha White, Eloha or Laciniata.. Natural territories Distribution falls on almost all European lands, small Asia and the West Earth region, the Transcaucasia and the North American continent. The cause of such a species name was the color of the bark of the plant, which have a small bend, the presence of a cook and recesses. As well as foliage, characterized by a grayish tinge on the top, while the bottom has a whitish dying. The outlines of the sheet plate have an oval, ovoid-rounded or oval-lancing form, occasionally acquiring the contours of the ellipse, on the top with a pointing. The length of the sheet is 4-10 cm with a width of about 3.5-7 cm. The location of the leaves is once in 3 rows.

It can take a tree or shrub shape of growth, while the height in the first case reaches 20 m, and the barrel diameter is equal to the half-meter. By foliage and branches, the formation of an ovoid or narrow-ovoid crown occurs. The root system is located in the surface layer of soil. Education shoots are distinguished by green color, which gradually changes on blacknate gray.

During flower, earrings are formed by a brown or crimp. The fruit is the nuts with reverseless outlines, possessing wings. The length of such a nut is 10 mm, and the width is 7-8 mm. Place nuts in cones. After full aging, they are poured and spread in autumn days by the wind.

Differs high frost resistance and growth rate. It is recommended to grown as a soliter or in group planting near shrubs and trees. It does not differ in demand for the composition of the soil and perfectly tolerates urban polluted air and drought.

Olha Gray Pyramidalis (Alnus Incana Pyramidalis) It has a tree shape and a crown with pyramidal outlines. Prefers to grow in the sun well-lit by the sun, is characterized by resistance to frost. The substrate for growing is needed nutritious and wet. With an average growth rate, urban conditions can safely transfer. Recommended for both single and group landings. With such plants, alleys and alive hedges are formed. The color of the leaf is dark emerald, not changing with the arrival of the autumn-winter period. The resulting earrings have a purple shade. The maximum height of the trunk is 10 m with a crown diameter in 4 m.

Alder Black (Alnus Glutinosa) found under the titleAlder Adhesive, Olha European or Imperialis. The species name is obtained due to the sticky surface of the young foliage, since the "glutinosa" is "sticky", but the term "black" is given by the plant due to the color of the cortex on fractured trunks. It is the most common variety on Russian lands, can meet the Urals, as well as in Europe. The tree plant in height reaches 35 m, while the barrel diameter is almost 0.9 m. Often, a lot is formed. The branches are located almost at an angle of 90 degrees to the trunk. The crown is egg-shaped or pyramidal outlines, gradually hosting roundness. The root system is located on the surface, therefore, due to strong winds, the barrel can be shed.

Foliage with reversal outlines. At the same time, there are recesses on the surface. The color of the leaves is green, the location is in the next order. The size of the leaf plate length is 4-9 cm with a width of 6-7 cm. Based on the roundness or the form of its wide-wedge-shaped. Before the appearance of the leaves (April-May), the flowering and formation of earrings and shishchets - female and male flowers begins, respectively. The flowers first green, but then a brown tump appears. Apply a variety for landscaping Alley as a solitator or in a group landing near shrubs and trees.

Alder Red (Alnus Rubra) In nature grows in the North American continent. A tree of small sizes not exceeding 15 meters in height. Wood has a brownish red roller. The sheet plate is elongated-egg-shaped, with a pointing on the top and the base of the widescreen shape. On the edge there are small cloves, and the hilloration is visible on the shiny surface. The trunk often straight outlines. Crown is distinguished by a dense. There are also shrub shapes of the species when their height is measured with 6 meters. The color of the cortex cortex is grayish, and the branches have a brown bark.

A distinctive feature is that the flowering process and the deployment of foliage goes at the same time. It can carry sections with shading, characterized by frost resistance, but rather moisture. It is used to form live elevations.

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Olha Black, or adhesive (Alnus glutinosa) is a frost-resistant and fast-growing leaf fall tree, in favorable conditions living up to 300 years and cracking up to 35 meters. Begins to bloom alder black in the 10th age.

Alder black does not endure lime soil, loves wet fertile soil and grows well on a sunny or slightly shaded place. Olha feels especially well in water bodies, on wet areas. Olha refers to plants that improve the soil: Nodules with microorganisms with microorganisms are formed on its roots.

Alder black for drugs is used (decoctions from cones and bark, the infusion of fresh leaves has bactericidal, astrav, and hemostatic properties, help with gastrointestinal diseases); Her beautiful pink wood is easily processed. Olha is good and for the decoration of the garden - her foliage remains green to late autumn. Alder varieties with decorative pale yellow leaves are derived. Olha applies and to protect the garden from cold winds (as a row or alive hedge).

Olhu spread the cuttings (in the fall in the open soil), as well as seed sowing.
Flowers alder in March-April (even before the appearance of leaves), throwing out the servants; The wind is pollinated. Women's flowers are clothed into dark-red spikes, and then sish-shaped nollodies are formed. First, the allow bumps are green, then drill and ripen in the fall, but do not reveal until the end of the winter starting spring. Therefore, the ripe cones of alder can be collected a very long period of time: from the moment of ripening until seeds falling out of the cishech. Olhi black seeds are small, flattened black nuts, equipped with two "mustache." To find out whether the seeds ripened, it is necessary to lose the shishchka in your hand: ripe seeds will easily fall out of it.

Part of the branch of alder with ripened bumps are cut and hang out in a dry and warm place above the cloth. Heat and dryness contribute to the disclosure of cones and the rash of seeds. Then, the branches of alder with bumps are further shaken over the cloth to extract not falling independently, stuck seeds. Surprised and peeled seeds of alder are recommended to store in a closed glass bottle for no more than 2 years.

Full seeds of alder have a good germination without all stratification. Olhi black seeds are recommended to sow portray (not closer than 5 mm from each other) to provide seedlings good conditions at the initial stage of growth. The landing of alder needs to be regularly and well moistened, but not allowing water in them.

Ziborova E.Yu.

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Widespread in the deciduous forests, unpleasant in the view of the village - alder. It loves to grow in wet places, so it is often possible to meet it nearby of water bodies and rivers. Large clusters of trees form thick difficult-walled thickets, the people are referred to as crazy. Although it is impossible to call a particularly attractive plant, but it still has the value for people. IN folk medicine It is constantly used by her bumps, and firewood from it practically does not leave after themselves soot and ugara.

Views.

Olhi includes approximately 30 species, 12 of which grow on the expanses of the former Soviet republics.

Black alder.

Olha Black is considered the most common and valuable in Russia, which settled the entire European part of the country and covering its area part of the territory behind the Urals to the River Yenisei. Her pink wood with a silky pulling has high aesthetic properties, and is often used to make household items and musical instruments. Coal from it is used to antiochemical protection of equipment.

Leaves from alder black have a reversal shape, in places with recesses. The bark at the tree is dark, fractured. The second name is Olha Adhesive, the plant received thanks to the adhesive young shoots and kidneys. A tree grows to 35 m, while loves moisture and requires a rich substrate for growth. For reproduction does not use root offsters, and will not grow on the swamp, as it requires flowing water.

Olha Gray.

Immediately by the title it is clear what is different from its black "relative" a lot of gray gray, namely the gray color of his bark. The trunk of this species usually grows not directly, but turning slightly. Flowers plant with brownish color earrings. The leaves are grayish under the color of the bark, and with back side White-pubescent. Also, they are sharpened, like a birch, and the crown is egg-shaped and looks very attractive. The plant is unpretentious and can grow on poor soils and swampy places, but at the same time it requires good lighting with the sun.

The tree can grow up to 20 m in height and can multiply root offspring, as well as cuttings and seeds. Alder gray is actively growing in young age And it opposes the winds and frosts well. Often it is used in timbering purposes, to strengthen the shores and slopes of ravines. This variety can stand up to 60 years.

Green alder.

Green Alder is one of the Alpine species growing on the slopes of the mountains. The plant is a low shrub stretching along the ground. The leaves of its oval shape, and the bark is gray. It can be found in the Carpathians, but because of its inconsistency, the plant is usually unnoticed on a general background. At the same time, green alder has a lot of advantages, one of which is the ability to grow in the shade. Also, the plant is frost-resistant, not consistently for the quality of the substrate and is growing quite rapidly. Often with the help of this species strengthen the slopes.

In addition to the common types of alder in the distant Eastern borders of Russia, such varieties of the plant can be met as Olha Sibirskaya, Olha Fluffy, Alder Shrub. In addition, alder is capable of creating interspecific hybrids. The negative property of the tree is considered the ability to drop green, not yet yellowed leaves. But this feature is compensated by the rapid decomposition of foliage in the soil.

Olha Siberian.

Olha Siberian usually grows along the banks of the rivers together with coniferous trees. Refers to light-affiliated mesophytes. It is a non-driving shrub or a small tree. High resistance to frosts.

Alder shrub.

The spread of Olhi Shrubnikova's spread includes the northeastern region of European Russia, the North-Western Territory of Western Siberia, the eastern region of Siberia and the Far East. Usually grows with a shrub or a small tree to six meters. It has the gray color of the bark and brownish shoots. Egg-shaped foliage, shiny up to 10 cm long. In the early stage, the leaflets are endowed with adhesiveness and fragrance. From other varieties is characterized by the fact that bloom occurs in parallel with the formation of foliage.

Shrub Olha pretty unpretentious plant. It can grow in the shade and perfectly resist the frosts, but it requires sufficient humidity. Shrub is often used to create a living elevation and landscape design.

Alder Kamchatka.

One of the Far Eastern species of alder is Alder Kamchatka, growing on mountain slopes in the high-voltage range up to 1.3 km above sea level. The plant forms thick thickets often with a cedar staber. Up to three years grows slowly, and blooming and fruit starts only from seven years. The usual height of the plant is about 3 m. The flowering occurs in the second half of May, and the fruits are ripened in October. Due to the high winter hardiness, can survive in the most severe seasons. It is a light-affiliated mesophyte.

Olha Maximovich.

Alder Maximovich is another Far Eastern representative of light-loving mesophytes. It forms thickets on the middle part of the mountains of the mountains. In his youth, it grows quite slowly and grows up to 10 m. The vegetative period in April and lasts until October. Blossom occurs in May, and fruits appear after 7-10 years of life. It has a high-resistant cold, in winter it can sometimes be partially frozen.

Olha semidvice.

A tree recorded in the Red Book of the Soviet Union is a olha semi-terrible. It can grow only on saturated alluvial soil. The vegetative period begins in April and ends in October. The tree does not bloom and grows with a rather small speed in the first few years of life. It has good aesthetic indicators and resistance to frost.

Olha fluffy.

Alder fluffy has a rather wide range. It grows in the Siberian regions, in the Far Eastern Territories, the Eastern Region of Asia and North American latitudes. Often you can find a plant in the floodplain forests on abundantly moistful sand-pebble soils. Refers to light-affiliated hygrophyte plants. It grows up to twenty meters in height, and the vegetative period lasts up to 168 days. The growth rate is very fast up to three years, then slows down. Fruit starts from nine-year-old age. Seeds shoot within a week after landing.

Olha Japanese.

Olha Japanese, is a light-loving mesogigrophite and is found at the expanses of East Asia. You can find a plant in Primorye on the sea coast. Growing monotomicant small groups on river and sea terraces. It is also sometimes combined with multi-residual deciduous forests. Grow up to 20 m in height. The growing period lasts up to 169 days a year. Flowers and fruits begin to appear from the sixth year old. Up to three years grows slowly. Seeds board in a few months.

Landing.

Thanks to its unpretentiousness, Olhu can land in almost anywhere, even on sandstones. Moreover, she herself can enrich the soil with valuable environmentally friendly nitrogen. This is due to the formation of a tuber plant in the roots with bacteria, capable of absorbing nitrogen from the environment and saturate the soil.

The process of disembarking wood is standard and produced in the vegetative period. Different kinds Olhi have their own patterns, but they all have similar properties: frost resistance, lightness, the need for a humid environment and drought intolerance. To avoid plant diseases, the correct care regime and the needs of the pet should be observed.

The bumps of the plants are collected in the fall and dried in the fresh air to the moment when they reveal. After the seeds are separated by sieving on the sieve. Sita holes must be 4-5 mm. Seeds can be treated immediately or postpone the stratification. They must be stored at a temperature of 1-5 degrees for 4 months. If spring sowing occurs, the shoots will only be a year later.

For storing seeds, it is necessary to use tightly closed glass or plastic vessels. Air humidity in the storage must be no more than 10-12%. The ability to eat is preserved for about two years. The laboratory shoot of the seed depends on the type and is 34-61%.

When landing, sulfur alder knead sand, peat and ferry soil in a special proportion. About 0.2 kg of lime and 0.15 kg of Kemira-Universal are added. For black alder knead sand, two peat units and three humidations, as well as 0.15 kg of kemira. When landing, they add haired lime, and after one year, it is better to focus with mineral-based fertilizers.

Plant care.

Typically, the plant does not require watering, it should be carried out only during dry periods. Thanks to the correct humidification, alder is growing rapidly and has an attractive appearance. It is also completely optional to feed the trees, as they themselves enrich the soil. The soils should be carried out under the tree during the weeding and after watering, to avoid excessive sealing of the Earth.

It is necessary to mulch the plant. It is better to do peat or chip from wood with a smooth layer of 5 cm. It is necessary to thoroughly cut the root offspring, as well as broken and dried branches.

Olha may be infected with malicious mushrooms of the genus Tafrin. Women's earrings are affected, in which the leafing growth of the scales occurs. There are also fungi that grow on the leaves of trees, which is why those are covered with spots and wrinkled. Another one dangerous pest It is a tree eaten, whose larvae eat a bark and young shoots. With malicious organisms are struggling with the help of poisons and circumcision of amazed branches.

Reproduction.

Representatives of the form quickly multiply. Soothes from hemp with stunning speed are growing, already in the first year rising by 1.5-2 meters. You can usually see how new sprouts appear on the stumps, which later form lush shrubs. Gradually growled, they turn into impassable thickets. But still, alder dominates the seed method of breeding.

Pollination occurs in early spring when the earrings of the plants swell and stretch, releaseing a huge amount of yellowish pollen to the will. Her goal is to achieve red female inflorescences on nearby trees. Also pollination occurs and with the help of bees flying from the flower to the flower. Olhi's shoots accommodate men and female flowers at the same time. Earrings are men's inflorescences, and spikelets located in the top area of \u200b\u200bthe crown are female. The fruits of the plant look like single-sighted sleepy, small nuts, surrounded by a narrow wing. They are located in cones, which were formed from female breeding bodies.

From fertilized flowers, small cones are formed, which in a year are scattered on hundreds of thousands of two-millionth seeds. This event coincides with the spring flood, thanks to which the flow of seeds for many kilometers. They are able to stay well on the water and swim down until arrival at some shore where the roots are successfully allowed.

Gray Olha is unfairly considered by many forests with a tree of weed, throwing, a tree that you need to make it possible to make it possible to produce. This opinion is associated with the low commodity value of the olchova wood: it is too small, the curve and is not enough for what. But Gray Olha, due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (with the help of bacteria living in the nodules on its roots) is able to grow on the most exhaust and degraded soils, gradually restoring the fertility of these soils. Alder is a very fast growing and lively tree, so it is quite suitable for breeding new forests (especially for use as an impurity to landings of other trees).

Growing gray alder is practically no different from the cultivation of birch. The seeds of alder do not need cold processing: they also spare without it. Another difference is due to the fact that the bumps of alder are not scattered when collecting seeds, like birch earrings, and therefore the seeds are purified clean, without extraneous impurities. Sowing Olhi seeds in rows should be carried out in such a way that 1 m of the bed lengths accounted for 200-500 seeds (i.e., seeds were located on average after 2-5 mm).

It should be noted that black alder, also widespread in the European part of Russia, according to the conditions of cultivation, differs significantly from gray. It is a much more demanding of the wealth and humidity of the soil tree, which requires very frequent irrigation in nurseries and more rare sowing. According to the requirements for the places of permanent planting, black alder is also significantly different - it is poorly growing on poor and depleted soils with poor moisture and suitable for landing mainly on rich and wet soils along the banks of the rivers. Black alder is more capricious, and it is unlikely that it can be recommended for growing in amateur forest nurseries.

Olha Black, or adhesive (Alnus glutinosa) is a frost-resistant and fast-growing leaf fall tree, in favorable conditions living up to 300 years and cracking up to 35 meters. Begins to bloom alder black in the 10th age.

Alder black does not endure lime soil, loves wet fertile soil and grows well on a sunny or slightly shaded place. Olha feels especially well in water bodies, on wet areas. Olha refers to plants that improve the soil: Nodules with microorganisms with microorganisms are formed on its roots.

Alder black for drugs is used (decoctions from cones and bark, the infusion of fresh leaves has bactericidal, astrav, and hemostatic properties, help with gastrointestinal diseases); Her beautiful pink wood is easily processed. Olha is good and for the decoration of the garden - her foliage remains green to late autumn. Alder varieties with decorative pale yellow leaves are derived. Olha applies and to protect the garden from cold winds (as a row or alive hedge).

Olhu spread the cuttings (in the fall in the open soil), as well as seed sowing.
Flowers alder in March-April (even before the appearance of leaves), throwing out the servants; The wind is pollinated. Women's flowers are clothed into dark-red spikes, and then sish-shaped nollodies are formed. First, the allow bumps are green, then drill and ripen in the fall, but do not reveal until the end of the winter starting spring. Therefore, the ripe cones of alder can be collected a very long period of time: from the moment of ripening until seeds falling out of the cishech. Olhi black seeds are small, flattened black nuts, equipped with two "mustache." To find out whether the seeds ripened, it is necessary to lose the shishchka in your hand: ripe seeds will easily fall out of it.

Part of the branch of alder with ripened bumps are cut and hang out in a dry and warm place above the cloth. Heat and dryness contribute to the disclosure of cones and the rash of seeds. Then, the branches of alder with bumps are further shaken over the cloth to extract not falling independently, stuck seeds. Surprised and peeled seeds of alder are recommended to store in a closed glass bottle for no more than 2 years.

Full seeds of alder have a good germination without all stratification. Olhi black seeds are recommended to sow portray (not closer than 5 mm from each other) to provide seedlings good conditions at the initial stage of growth. The landing of alder needs to be regularly and well moistened, but not allowing water in them.

A leaf fall tree or shrub related to the birch family, with solid leaves of a rounded, gear or gear-blade form. Both floors are developing on one shoot: Men's - earrings, female - spikelets located at the top of the crown. The fruits of the tree are small nuts, slightly flattened, in the fruit of narrow wings.

A sufficiently moisture-loving plant, which often grows along the banks of the rivers. Olha is-worn to rocks that improve the composition of the soil is growing rapidly, and in the fall, long retains the green foliage. In places where wild alder grows, there are groundwater. And, besides, it is scared by the Medvedka, the body of the branches in the ground, in those places where the pest is seen. Bark of an unusual gray-green color.

Planting alder seeds, cuttings and a pig.

Different types of alder are different to soils. For example, black alder prefers wet soils with stagnant water, it also grows normally on fresh raw soils. Dry soils she tolerates badly: it goes slowly and dries quickly. Olha can grow perfectly in a humid climate and on dry soils, as well as on sandy.

Light-loving plant, and black alder is more demanding of the light.

Materials for alder

In this section you will find posts on care, cultivation, watering, reproduction of alder. Community users are divided by advice and secrets among themselves. A huge number of photos.

The goal of our project is the exchange of experience, so that each project participant can learn the plant care at home. .

Gray Olha is unfairly considered by many forests with a tree of weed, throwing, a tree that you need to make it possible to make it possible to produce. This opinion is associated with the low commodity value of the olchova wood: it is too small, the curve and is not enough for what. But Gray Olha, due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (with the help of bacteria living in the nodules on its roots) is able to grow on the most exhaust and degraded soils, gradually restoring the fertility of these soils. Alder is a very fast growing and lively tree, so it is quite suitable for breeding new forests (especially for use as an impurity to landings of other trees).

Growing gray alder is practically no different from the cultivation of birch. The seeds of alder do not need cold processing: they also spare without it. Another difference is due to the fact that the bumps of alder are not scattered when collecting seeds, like birch earrings, and therefore the seeds are purified clean, without extraneous impurities. Sowing Olhi seeds in rows should be carried out in such a way that 1 m of the bed lengths accounted for 200-500 seeds (i.e., seeds were located on average after 2-5 mm).

It should be noted that black alder, also widespread in the European part of Russia, according to the conditions of cultivation, differs significantly from gray. It is a much more demanding of the wealth and humidity of the soil tree, which requires very frequent irrigation in nurseries and more rare sowing. According to the requirements for the places of permanent planting, black alder is also significantly different - it is poorly growing on poor and depleted soils with poor moisture and suitable for landing mainly on rich and wet soils along the banks of the rivers. Black alder is more capricious, and it is unlikely that it can be recommended for growing in amateur forest nurseries.