Drawing up a plan for a resort hotel
Development of the layout of the building of the hotel enterprise
Drawing up a presentation "Scheme of residential floors of famous hotels in the world"
Topic 1.3. Technical operation of hotel enterprises
The procedure for commissioning buildings and structures
All objects of tourist institutions are accepted for operation, subject to the performance of the work provided for by the design and estimate documentation, and the possibility of their normal functioning.
Upon completion of the construction (reconstruction) of buildings, they are accepted by the working, State and departmental commissions.
The general contractor announces the completion of the work in writing. The customer creates a working commission within five days. It includes representatives of the customer, general contractor, subcontractors, design organization, sanitary inspection authorities, fire inspection and other organizations. The task of the working committee is to determine the readiness for the operation of buildings or a complex.
The commission checks the finished objects with all the necessary networks and equipment, compares them with the project, compares the actual costs according to the documents. The general contractor must submit all the necessary documents: a set of drawings and estimates, acts of intermediate acceptance of critical structures, acts of testing of water supply networks, sewerage systems, hot water supply, heating and other equipment.
The working commission determines the deadlines for eliminating the deficiencies, transfers all the documentation to the customer.
The State Commission includes representatives of the Architectural Committee, the Inspectorate of the State Sanitary and Fire Supervision, representatives of road organizations, a bank financing the construction may be included.
The State Commission considers the acts and documents submitted by the customer, establishes the conformity of the object and project documentation, checks the quality of work and the readiness of the facility for commissioning in accordance with the rules and regulations of technical operation and safety measures.
Residential and public buildings can be put into operation only under the condition of existing sanitary, electrical, energy and other devices provided for by the project (elevators, gas supply, etc.).
The state commission draws up an act of acceptance of the object into operation. When the act is signed by the chairman of the State Commission, the facility is considered to be put into operation and is accepted on the balance sheet of the tourist institution as part of its fixed assets. After the State Acceptance, the financing of the objects ends and there should not be any imperfections, with the exception of landscaping work, which can be postponed to the next planting period (spring or autumn). At the same time, the facility put into operation is not ready to receive tourists until a staff of service personnel is selected and food, fuel, the necessary soft and hard equipment, furniture, etc. are delivered. This happens during the pre-launch period.
The opening of the constructed complexes or individual objects is allowed only after a special acceptance departmental commission has checked the technical and economic readiness to serve tourists. During the pre-launch period, the departmental commission monitors the timeliness of the work.
Service life of the building
The ability of a building to maintain its strength and stability for a long time is called durability. The durability of a building depends on the quality of construction and the materials used, as well as on the operating conditions. By service life, buildings are divided into three groups:
More than 100 years old;
50 to 100 years old;
From 20 to 50 years old.
Buildings erected for a service life of less than 20 years are not standardized in terms of durability (for example, temporary structures).
Over time, buildings and structures lose their original qualities and value. Physical and moral deterioration occurs.
Physical deterioration - the loss of a building over time of strength, stability, a decrease in water and air permeability, thermal, sound insulation and other properties.
Physical wear and tear are affected by:
Natural factor - the impact of the external environment;
The quality of construction and installation work and materials during construction and repair;
Compliance with the rules and regulations of operation;
Quality and timeliness of current and major repairs;
Use of the building for its intended purpose;
The period when the building is in operation.
Subject to the rules and regulations for the operation of the building, timely performance of high-quality repairs, the intensity of physical wear and tear decreases and physical wear and tear occurs more normally, which must correspond to the standard average service life of the building.
The period during which the building must fully meet its purpose and can be operated (Without violation of the conditions of service for the people living in it (except for the time of reconstruction or major repairs), is called the standard average service life of the building.
The standard service life of the building as a whole and its main structural elements (foundations, walls, floors) coincide. Minor structural elements (roofs, stairs, floors, windows, doors, partitions) can wear out twice or three times, so they have shorter service lives. Consequently, it is necessary to know the service life of structural elements, building parts and engineering equipment in order to timely carry out the necessary repairs, maintain them in good condition, avoiding premature wear.
The period from the moment of state acceptance of the building at the end of construction until its operation is impossible due to dilapidated condition or inexpedient for economic reasons is called the actual service life. The actual service life may not coincide with the standard, since it depends:
From the quality of work on the selection of a site, taking into account the conditions of the climatic zone;
Operating conditions (compliance with the temperature and humidity conditions in the premises, the sanitary condition of the premises);
The quality of materials, construction work;
Compliance with the norms and rules of technical operation (carrying out maintenance).
According to the service life and technical condition of structures, the percentage of physical deterioration of the building is determined. If the percentage of depreciation exceeds 80%, then the condition of the building can be recognized as emergency. The object is subject to write-off with subsequent disassembly and exclusion from the balance sheet.
Over time, buildings, structures and equipment are aging not only physically, but also morally. Obsolescence is the inadequacy of buildings, structures and engineering equipment modern requirements. It depends on the state of scientific and technological progress in construction and industry, modern requirements of technical aesthetics and the period of operation. Obsolescence is characterized by the degree of comfort, convenience and rationality, the suitability of the building for its purpose.
Physical wear is eliminated by performing all technical maintenance measures, including overhaul, during which worn-out parts of structures and parts of the building are replaced. Obsolescence can be partially eliminated during major repairs, and completely only during reconstruction.
3. System of scheduled preventive maintenance
The effectiveness of the organization of services in tourist establishments depends directly on the technical condition of fixed assets. According to the technical condition of buildings and structures, it is determined how rationally they are used, whether the necessary measures are taken correctly to prevent premature wear and tear.
Each tourist institution undergoes technical certification. Each item on the balance sheet has a passport. The more complete and thoroughly the passport is drawn up, the easier it is to plan and carry out maintenance activities. All changes are made to the passport in terms of the technical condition of fixed assets, since these passports are used when performing maintenance activities and solving issues on the reconstruction and future development of a tourist institution.
In the "Recommendations for the organization of technical maintenance of buildings and structures of tourist institutions" it is determined that the task of the technical maintenance of buildings and structures is to ensure their uninterrupted operation within the standard service life, to ensure the improvement and sanitary-technical condition of buildings and structures and adjacent areas ...
Technical operation reflects a complex of organizational and technical measures.
The set of organizational and technical measures for the supervision and maintenance of fixed assets, periodic carrying out of all types of repairs (current, capital) according to pre-drawn plans in order to prevent wear, prevent accidents and maintain fixed assets in constant operational readiness is called the system of scheduled preventive maintenance of fixed assets ...
This system includes:
Monitoring the safety of buildings, structures and equipment;
Technical inspections;
Compliance with the rules and regulations of operation;
Monitoring the safety of buildings, structures and equipment is carried out by the deputy director for the economic or technical part, the chief engineer.
Technical inspections. Three types of technical inspections are established by the rules and regulations:
General inspection (00);
Partial inspection (40);
Extraordinary inspection (BO).
General examination is carried out twice a year: in spring and autumn. In the spring, when all parts of the buildings are cleared of snow and become accessible for review, all structures are inspected. A general inspection is carried out in the following sequence: adjacent territory, external inputs, external communication networks, foundation and basement walls, external walls (including balconies, loggias, bay windows, architectural details), then a floor inspection of the premises is carried out. As a result of the spring general inspection, the technical condition of the building as a whole is determined:
Identify defects and malfunctions related to current repairs, draw up an inventory of work (or urgently eliminate some defects);
Determine the objects to be overhauled in a year, draw up an inventory of works;
Make up an inventory of work on the improvement of the territory and the devices located on it ( sports grounds, attractions, etc.);
Draw up an inventory of the preparation of the building for the heating season.
Based on the work inventories, an action plan is drawn up and design estimates are ordered. The plan indicates a list of planned works, the timing of their implementation, the method of implementation and the person responsible for implementation. The form for filling out the action plan for the operation of the building and equipment of the hotel is presented in table. 1.7.
Table 1.7
Action plan for the operation of the hotel building and equipment
Autumn inspection of buildings is carried out before the onset of the heating season before the formation of snow cover, which makes inspection difficult. By this time, maintenance work should be completed to prepare the building for operation in winter conditions. The whole complex of works on preparation for the autumn-winter season should be completed 15 days before the start of the heating season. Defects that are threatening are eliminated immediately, and those that disrupt the normal operation of buildings and the integrity of structures - within a period of one to five days.
With a partial inspection, the condition of individual elements and parts (foundation, roof, water supply) is checked. Partial inspection is carried out in the following cases:
If urgent measures are not taken to eliminate the causes of deformations leading to the destruction of individual structures or an accident of the building as a whole;
When operating equipment that needs to be checked more frequently than a general inspection to ensure trouble-free operation.
An extraordinary inspection is carried out urgently no later than one or two days after a natural disaster (heavy showers, snowfalls, hurricane winds, etc.). Urgent measures are being taken to eliminate the consequences.
Repair. Repairs included in the system of scheduled preventive maintenance are subdivided into current and overhaul.
Routine repair consists in systematic and timely work carried out to protect structural elements and parts of buildings, structures and engineering equipment from premature wear through preventive measures to eliminate minor damage and malfunctions.
During current repairs, the physical state of the construction material does not change, however, untimely performance of work causes additional costs for major repairs and leads to a reduction in the service life of the building. For example, if minor damage to the roof is not eliminated in time, this will lead to leakage to the attic floor, wetting of the entire structure with all subsequent changes in its strength and a reduction in service life.
Current repairs are divided into two types:
Unforeseen, detected during the operation of the building and carried out urgently (1 - 5 days);
Scheduled preventive, planned in terms of volume and execution time.
In case of unforeseen current repairs, work is performed to eliminate minor defects and damages that cannot be foreseen in advance - they arise during operation (for example, broken glass). Unforeseen maintenance work is identified during regular daily inspections of buildings, cleaning of premises by service personnel, and general inspections. The work is carried out by regular personnel, and in some cases - with the involvement of workers of other specialties. All hotels must have a log of defects and malfunctions with an indication of the responsible persons and the timing of the work.
Preventive maintenance is aimed at eliminating premature wear and tear of structures, building parts and equipment and is characterized by a large volume of work compared to unforeseen maintenance (for example, painting and repairing floors, ceilings, facades). The need for this type of maintenance is determined during various inspections. It is impossible to perform such works in a short time, since the object is in operation. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare in advance an inventory of work and an estimate, materials and establish the possible timing of the repair, without violating the tourist service regime.
Overhaul is the most important part of the system of scheduled preventive maintenance of fixed assets. A major overhaul is such a repair in which worn-out structures and parts are replaced with more durable and economical ones, which improve the operational capabilities of the objects being repaired.
Major repairs are of two types:
Comprehensive overhaul - repairs covering the entire building as a whole or its individual sections, including the internal networks of water supply, sewerage, heating, electrical equipment. This is the main type of major overhaul, in which worn-out structural elements, decoration, engineering equipment are simultaneously restored and the degree of improvement and comfort is increased. Comprehensive overhaul includes:
re-equipment of auxiliary premises for living quarters, including re-equipment attic floors;
arrangement of auxiliary rooms;
replacement of worn-out structures (except for walls) with new ones made of modern durable materials;
equipping buildings with all types of engineering improvement with connection to existing networks, replacement of intra-quarter and courtyard engineering networks;
installation of elevators, garbage chutes, pneumatic garbage disposal systems, antennas, electronic locks;
restoration of idle elevators;
improvement of territories (paving, asphalting, landscaping, arrangement of small forms and utility sites).
The determining factor in the appointment of a comprehensive overhaul is the technical condition of the capital walls and foundations. If the physical wear of walls and foundations is 25 and 35%, respectively, and for the building as a whole - 60%, then it is advisable to carry out a comprehensive overhaul. For the period of complex repairs, tourist services are terminated;
Selective overhaul is a repair in which individual structural elements, parts of a building or engineering equipment are repaired (replaced). In this case, it can be stopped (when the functional activity of the building stops) or non-stop.
To carry out major repairs, design estimates and a major repair plan must be developed. During its implementation, quality control of repair and construction works and acceptance control should be carried out. Acceptance of the object is carried out by the acceptance committee, which draws up an acceptance certificate.
During the cleaning process, the ACS personnel use various cleaning materials(cleaning and detergents), the choice of which is very large now. When choosing from a large number of proposals for harvesting materials, you should choose those harvesting materials that:
In upscale hotels, as a rule, they do not use separate names of detergents and cleaning products, but whole complex systems designed specifically for cleaning hotel rooms. These systems include essential cleaning products for hotel rooms and public spaces:
Such systems have several advantages. As a rule, cleaning preparations are delivered to the hotel in large containers. These can be preparations in finished or concentrated form. The vessels are recyclable as well as recyclable. One container of concentrate replaces hundreds of bottles. This is very important for saving hotel space and reducing waste.
For convenience and clarity, containers (cans) with detergents are digitally coded and differ in color. On such containers, as a rule, there are also drawings or pictograms that explain the purpose of this product. Thanks to this, the staff will never confuse the means and will accurately select the preparation necessary for cleaning.
Detergent dispensers filled from large canisters are very efficient in operation. The dosing system automatically fills small containers (bottles) with the required detergents. The system of automatic filling of containers controls the flow of water in case of using drugs in a concentrated form, and also regulates the weight and filling level of bottles. The system eliminates misalignment or incorrect filling of detergents, since only appropriately labeled containers can be filled from the dispenser. When using an automatic system for filling containers with a smaller volume, personnel come into contact with detergents less, which is very important for maintaining people's health. It is important that all detergents used have one common scent. It should be pleasant and unobtrusive and in no way resemble the smell of bleach.
The cleaning staff of the hotel may use a variety of detergents and cleaning products, depending on the property. They can be divided into the following groups: means for daily cleaning; care products for hard floors; multipurpose cleaning products; means for special processing; cleaning products for carpets and textiles; means for sanitary and hygienic cleaning.
The following names of funds can be attributed to means for daily cleaning:
The following products are used to maintain hard floors:
The following products are suitable for multi-purpose cleaning:
Often a special surface treatment is required, in which they use:
For effective cleaning of carpets and textiles, there are:
Sanitary and hygienic cleaning can be done using the following preparations:
All materials for cleaning, detergents must have quality certificates and necessary instructions for use.
Harvesting equipment. Cleaning equipment includes: all kinds of service trolleys, vacuum cleaners for dry cleaning, vacuum cleaners, carpet cleaners and carpet washers, single disc machines / polishers, scrubber driers, sweeping machines, automatic step washers for escalators.
Currently, hotels use cleaning and service trolleys for various purposes and various modifications. When purchasing such cleaning equipment, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the operation of a particular hotel enterprise. It is possible to assemble the trolley but individual order... There are a number of basic requirements for hotel cleaning trolleys:
Various cleaning jobs in a hotel require trolleys with both a minimum and a maximum set of equipment. Different models of hotel carts are required for the operation of hotel maintenance services. The simplest are the trolleys for cleaning the floor in small spaces equipped only with a bucket and a mechanical wringer for the mop cloth. When cleaning the room stock, multifunctional (combined) trolleys are used, which are convenient for transporting detergents, inventory, consumables, etc.
The maid trolley is usually equipped with a reusable laundry bag and a garbage bag on hinged holders. This model should have a row of shelves. On the lower shelves, most often, clean linen is placed, on the upper ones - expendable materials... Such a cart is equipped with a platform for a vacuum cleaner, buckets. Additional multifunctional mounted, easily removable trays can also be added to accommodate all kinds of cleaning equipment and accessories. Yet the best option will be, if such trays at the trolley are pulled out. This increases the usable trolley volume by 50%, improves ergonomics and opens additional features to perform harvesting operations. In addition, hotel space is used more rationally and work efficiency is increased. Very convenient is the universal holder for mops, brushes, flounders, scoops, etc., which can be attached to any trolley. It is desirable that the trolley equipment has plastic covers for bags for dirty linen and garbage.
Trolleys look more aesthetically pleasing if the racks for linen are closed with a special curtain or special panels. Firstly, it is competent from the point of view of hygiene, and secondly, they allow you to hide all the "working moments". The top shelf with consumable accessories for guests should be covered with a linen napkin against dust.
The maid trolley, fully equipped for work, is quite heavy. The newest models of cleaning trolleys are equipped with an electric drive, which makes it possible not to push the trolley with great effort, but to calmly and easily control it and even ride it.
Each maid serving 12-16 rooms is assigned a work cart. The maid is responsible for keeping her work trolley in perfect condition at all times. The speed of the maid depends on whether the cart is in order or not. The trolley must be neat, all the necessary items must be laid out in strict accordance with the order of the hotel. Do not overload the trolley, allow laundry and other things to fall out of it.
The trolley should not be unnecessarily left in the corridors of the hotel. When cleaning the room stock, the trolley must be placed in such a way that it does not interfere with the passage along the corridor, as close to the room as possible. The cart should never be left unattended. During breaks and at the end of the shift, the cart must be returned to the service area. As a rule, the maids of the evening shift are charged with completing the trolleys for the next morning maid shift. Any breakdown of the cart should be reported immediately to the hotel's engineering service.
Today Russian market offers a wide range of cleaning equipment (mechanisms) for hotels. The objective of this ns tutorial is to detailed review technical data and an assessment of the offered range of such products. There is a large amount of specialized literature on this topic and, finally, the Internet. I would like to dwell only on the most basic.
Cleaning equipment in modern hotels must be of high performance, exceptional reliability, strength and durability. One of the main requirements for it is the ability to absorb shocks and not damage furniture. Cleaning equipment used in hotels should have a low noise level so as not to inconvenience guests and staff. Harvesting equipment should be comfortable and easy to use, provide high maneuverability and stability.
Vacuum cleaners for dry cleaning. Currently, there are many such vacuum cleaners offered by various suppliers. Upscale hotels have compact vacuum cleaners in their arsenal for cleaning not large areas; vacuum cleaners for cleaning medium and large areas, the so-called rack vacuum cleaners with a built-in electric brush; and even backpack vacuum cleaners (knapsack vacuum cleaners), which are used to tidy up concert halls, heavily cluttered premises, warehouses and industrial premises... The vacuum cleaners are supplied with a series of accessories required for specific jobs (furniture cleaning nozzle; slotted nozzle; radiator cleaning nozzle; pipe cleaning nozzle, blinds; electric brush, etc.). Modern vacuum cleaners have a multi-stage air filtration system.
Dust pumps - these are versatile devices that serve both for dry cleaning and for removing detergent from the floor (irrigation-suction system). Additional accessories for them can be: kits for washing windows and walls, kits for cleaning steps, etc.
Carpet cleaners and carpet washers. Cleaning of carpet surfaces with such machines is carried out according to the method of dry foam cleaning. The foam generator produces foam with a minimum moisture content, which makes it possible for carpets to dry quickly. The machine simultaneously performs chemical and mechanical treatment of carpet surfaces, achieving the highest cleanliness results. These high-performance machines are very gentle on natural fiber coatings and are effective against allergens.
Single disc machines (floor polishers). With the help of such units it is possible to carry out cleaning of hard floor coverings, dry and wet foam cleaning of carpet surfaces, spray cleaning and polishing, processing of wooden floors.
Scrubber harvesters are the most productive and efficient floor cleaning machines.
Sweepers - these high-performance units designed for cleaning warehouses, workshops, ter
minals, parking lots, underground garages and other indoor and outdoor areas. There are battery, gasoline and gas options for these machines.
Automatic step washers for escalators. These devices allow you to rinse and dry both horizontal and vertical steps of escalators. Thanks to a special lifting device, the device has the function of self-stepping from step to step.
Working with harvesting equipment (mechanisms) requires knowledge and compliance with safety regulations from personnel. Cleaning electrical equipment during breaks in work must be disconnected from the mains. Do not use cleaning equipment with a damaged electrical wire, with a faulty, very hot plug. When disconnecting devices from the mains, you need to grasp the plug, and not pull on the electrical wire. It is necessary to systematically monitor the health of electrical outlets. Do not leave harvesting equipment unattended. Do not allow cases where electric wires, hoses and other objects interfere with the passage of guests and hotel staff. All harvesting mechanisms must be in perfect working order to avoid accidents.
Inventory. In order to achieve excellent cleaning results, the maintenance staff use a variety of implements in their work.
Wet and dry cleaning devices. This is, first of all, mops. They come in different sizes, designs, with regular and telescopic handles. Usually, both disposable and reusable rags (attachments, cloths, pads) are suitable for them. Spin mops allow you to wring out the nozzle without placing your hands in a container of detergent solution. Some mop models have a rotating head that allows you to clean the floor in hard-to-reach places... The attachments can be tilted to the mop with Velcro or with a special clip. Mops should be lightweight and comfortable to use.
Along with mops for cleaning, all kinds of holders, flaumers, Mops. Their rag attachment systems and squeezers also reduce the interaction of staff's hands with detergents, making the cleaning process safer and more hygienic. The rags used for these devices (attachments, cloths, pads) are very durable, they can withstand repeated washing almost with boiling. The most common sizes of such devices and, accordingly, nozzles for them are from 30 to 120 cm.
Window cleaners, showcases. As a rule, a set (set) for cleaning windows, showcases consists of: a tool for wetting glass or, in other words, a "sponge" for applying a solution; directly with a special tool for cleaning glass (flattening) and a telescopic handle.
Devices for applying varnish and wax. For work such as refurbishment and surface maintenance wooden doors, you need special clips with a handle, plush rags with a holder for applying varnish, a sponge with a wooden insert, a rayon sponge for waxing.
For a quick and high-quality cleaning in a hotel, you need a variety of brushes. Here are just a few of the names: brush for cleaning windows, brush for cleaning shower cabins, universal brush for removing dust from any hard-to-reach surfaces, brush for removing dust and dirt from blinds, brush for removing dust and dirt from surfaces and internal cavities heating radiators, brush for furniture.
Screeds for removing liquids from the floor are anodized holders with a soft foam double rubber attachment.
Buckets for wringing out rags(attachments, cloths) from mops. They are made of highly durable plastic. The mop attachment is placed in the wringer compartment, having previously disconnected it from the mop. Spinning is carried out by pressing a special pedal with your foot. The device has a spin regulator.
Rags, napkins. Floor cleaning rags. For dry cleaning of floor coverings, both reusable and disposable rags are used. Hotels buy packs with reusable rags (three or more per pack) and special dispensers containing rolls of disposable rags. The dispenser can hold 150 or more disposable rags.
For wet cleaning of the floor, it is very important that the rags have excellent absorbent properties. Some of the types of rags are capable of absorbing moisture up to eight times their own weight. This makes possible faster drying of the floor, which is very important when cleaning premises that are constantly open to the passage (lobbies, corridors, etc.).
To achieve high hygiene standards, reusable rags should be washed at 90 degrees or more after cleaning. At the same time, it is important that they do not lose quality with repeated washing.
To remove dirt from other surfaces, use all kinds of rags and napkins. The wipes must be able to easily and effectively remove dust, oil and other contaminants. In hotels, universal wipes, window cleaning wipes, dust collection wipes, etc. are widely used. Universal microfiber cloths are suitable for both wet and dry cleaning. They give shine to surfaces, have different colour, they can be washed at high temperature.
Gloves and sponges for cleaning sinks and bathtubs after cleaning, it should be washed at a temperature of 60 degrees. Non-scratch sponges and wipes are suitable for cleaning surfaces, and the accessories must be separated and matched according to the color that indicates the specific cleaning area. So, usually for cleaning washbasins, mirror surfaces and tiles, they use equipment painted in yellow while toilets, urinals, including push buttons and tiles in areas that may be splashed, are washed with red textiles. In addition, it is advisable to use a 16-sided napkin folding method. This method provides the most efficient mode of operation and significantly increases the level of hygiene.
Stepladders, step-ladders, step-ladders, platforms. The main requirements for this type of product are: stability and safety. In addition, it is required that these products are lightweight, have perforated steps, and take up little space.
Finally, cleaning a hotel requires simple items such as: buckets for cleaning floors, scoops, brooms, baskets for cleaning supplies.
Modern cleaning equipment, materials and equipment help to make the work of keeping the hotel clean into an easier and more enjoyable activity.
Modern hotels are equipped with sophisticated engineering and technical equipment that provides a high level of amenities, maximum amenities and comfort. This equipment consists of the following groups: sanitary (plumbing, sewerage, cold and hot water supply, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, centralized dust removal, garbage chute, linen chutes); power supply (lighting and power networks); elevator facilities (passenger, utility and freight elevators, escalators); low-current devices and automation (telephony, radio, fire, security and service alarms).
Air conditioning, heating and ventilation systems play an important role in the hotel industry. Ventilation systems provide the optimal regime and the most favorable air parameters. The heating system consists of a heat generator, heating devices and heat pipes. During the heating season, the heating system must operate smoothly and ensure a normal temperature in all rooms.
Low-current economy. Electricity is used to operate power plants, heating and lighting devices. The power equipment of the hotel includes electric motors, cleaning machines, elevators, refrigerators, pumps, compressors, machine tools, etc. The use of equipment is characterized by operating time, power, total and specific power generation.
The water supply network provides the hotel building with water for drinking and household needs. Contaminated water enters the sewerage system and is removed from the hotel. Along with providing hotels cold water hot and fire water supply systems are in operation. The quality and temperature of the water entering the hotel must meet the requirements of the standard. One resident can have up to 300 liters of water per day.
Heating systems... Various systems of water, steam or air heating are used for heating hotels. Heat consumption depends on the volume and configuration of the building, the amount of heat loss in the heated rooms, the outside air temperature, and the design features of the building. Total heat consumption includes consumption for heating, ventilation and hot water supply.
For hotels, a reliable means of warning a fire is automated system fire alarm... A variety of fire detectors allow you to choose the most suitable physical principle of fire detection for each hotel room: optical, ionization, thermal. The system is designed to detect a fire at an early stage, to ensure the localization of the fire source, and to quickly respond to the appearance of smoke.
Engineering and technical service is one of the many services of a hotel company, which is headed by the chief engineer or director of hotel building operations. Depending on the size of the hotel and its category, the engineering service may have several divisions. Most often you can find an administrative department, an engineering department, as well as various repair shops.
The administrative department is formed by the secretariat, the office, supply, warehousing, preventive checks, planning and accounting, etc. The personnel of the administrative department are represented by engineers for safety, labor protection, electrical equipment, plumbing and sewer networks and so on. This department also has managers for procurement, sales, control, etc.
The engineering department is responsible for maintaining and repairing complex systems. These systems are used both by the hotel staff and by the guests themselves. However, the hotel management and staff have little control over how guests use the hotel's equipment. However, the engineering service is directly responsible for such equipment.
Maintenance functions engineering systems and communications in working order are: water heating; ventilation and air purification; operation of pumping and electrical systems; exploitation refrigeration systems and catering equipment; operation of computer systems; operation of the elevator facilities; heating of premises. Below is an example of the technical departments of the engineering service of one of the Russian hotels (Fig.5.3.)
Technical divisions of the engineering service
Rice. 5.3. Technical divisions of the engineering service
The engineering service may also include a workshop for the repair of furniture, carpets, as well as a service that repairs rooms (painting, plumbing). The Chief Engineer Service also monitors the consumption of water, electricity and gas. All work performed by this service is recorded in a special journal.
An important task of the engineering service is to provide fire safety... Fire is a fairly common occurrence in the hospitality industry. The main causes of a fire in a hotel are: smokers, faulty electrical and kitchen equipment, fireplaces, chemicals in the warehouse, litter fire. The fire safety system includes a fire alarm system in all areas of the hotel, fire extinguishing means (fire hoses, fire extinguishers, etc.), evacuation means (fire escapes), as well as regular staff training activities. All rooms must be provided with fire evacuation schemes.
At any enterprise (factories, factories), competent air supply is of great importance, as well as water cooling, which is necessary in any technological process... For these purposes, special systems equipped with fans are used. Various pumps and fans are the 2017 rules for the technical operation of hotels and their equipment to stabilize the temperature process in production. Special machines control the consumption of electrical energy and absorb the noise effect.
At any trade enterprise that sells food products, scales are used. Modern scales are an automatic device that accurately measures the weight of the goods. The device is equipped with a display, as well as a special keyboard, due to which the fixtures and equipment used in the repair determines and displays the necessary information for the seller and the client. The balance can be operated from the mains, or charged from a battery (portable version).
In any office or enterprise, with the help of special devices, it is supported optimum temperature air, and air exchange. This is necessary to organize a comfortable workflow. Among the varieties of devices, rental of commercial equipment in Donetsk is used: hoods, air conditioners of various modifications, ventilation shafts with natural and artificial cooling. Ventilation is exhaust, supply and mechanical.
At enterprises engaged in the production of food products, various machines are used that provide an automated process of work. The installed automation can be classified into Russian CNC machines for metal according to certain criteria. These are different groups of machines that differ in their functions. All technological operations can be classified according to the principle of the work performed, according to the device and methods of execution.
Enterprises that produce semi-finished products for sale in food supermarkets are equipped with special refrigeration units... Freezers are scm olimpic 80 edgebander, with the help of which finished products are stored for a certain time in warehouses. In freezers, ready-made semi-finished products are fed through a special conveyor, which are equipped with a spiral belt.
