The dream of any homeowner or summer resident is his own sauna. Here you can pleasantly relax and take a steam bath, as well as improve your body after hard days. However, this is possible only if normal conditions are observed in the steam room. There should be no drafts in the steam room, there should be a certain level of humidity and a fairly high temperature.
Lack of humidity in the room, excess of carbon dioxide can cause irreparable harm to health. Do you need ventilation in the steam room? To provide the required circulation of fresh and hot air, you simply cannot do without it.
Let's imagine a picture: in the steam room there are several people with brooms. They steam with great pleasure, breathe actively, thereby emitting carbon dioxide, which, in turn, mixes with hot steam and air. It gradually becomes harder to breathe, there is no fresh air flow. To swallow it, you must leave the steam room. Will there be enough strength for this? What needs to be done to ensure comfortable conditions in the steam room?
Proper ventilation creates comfortable conditions in the steam room. This is due to the effective movement of the air flow, which comes from the oven and from the outside, and also exits through special openings to the outside. In most cases, ventilation in the steam room is based on the principle of natural withdrawal of exhausted air saturated with vapors from the room and the inflow of fresh air. This is very important in wooden buildings, because excess moisture leads to rapid deterioration of the walls of the structure.
A steam room with a small area does not require expensive special equipment. If the walls of the steam room are lined with bricks, and 10-12 people can be freely accommodated in the room, then installation will be required supply valve or an exhaust fan. With help supply ventilation it is possible to automatically adjust the temperature, humidity and ventilation in the steam room is necessary for the following reasons:
Mechanical ventilation may well be used, but its use is associated with some inconveniences:
Therefore, let us dwell in more detail on natural ventilation. How to make ventilation in the steam room without spending a lot of money?
The simplest option is an inlet and outlet in the foundation or walls. In this case, the location and size of these holes plays an important role. Sometimes, for more active air exchange, ventilation equipment can be installed.
There is no single ventilation scheme for the steam room, since they are different not only in the features of the structures, but also in the materials from which they are built. In this case, there are some rules, adhering to which, you can choose the most optimal ventilation for a specific case.
The holes must be calculated based on the volume of the steam room: for example, for 1 m3 of ventilated area, the size of the hole should be 24 cm2.
The main task in the bath is ventilation in the steam room, which is necessary to maintain a sufficient level of temperature and high humidity, but you should not make ventilation holes too small size, since as a result the required level of air exchange will not be provided. The size of the air outlets must correspond to the size of the air inlets, otherwise air exchange will be impaired. In some situations, to quickly dry the bath and quickly remove the exhaust air, it is allowed to make two exhaust openings.
In most cases, the stove is located in the steam room. The inlet must be located near the stove at a distance of no more than 30 cm from the floor.This is the most popular, but not the most the best way organization of ventilation for the steam room. In this case, it is much more effective when the inlets are located under the floor in the foundation. To avoid the entry of rodents, it is advisable to equip these holes with metal gratings.
Such ventilation in the steam room will simultaneously solve two problems: it will deliver fresh air to the bathhouse, and it will also effectively dry the walls and floors after the completion of the procedures. In such a case, it is advisable to install with a small gap in order to ensure free passage of air flow.
To ensure the required air conditions during the heating of the steam room, the ventilation ducts are equipped with special plugs (covers) that can be closed (opened) from the steam room, thereby regulating air exchange, temperature and humidity.
In order for the ventilation in the steam room to be effective with your own hands, it is prohibited to do the following:
Consider the most popular options for ventilation systems in the steam room:
The above schemes are the most commonly used in steam rooms, but there are many combinations and variations. Based on the above options for ventilation systems, you can develop your own scheme for a specific version of the steam room.
We have long gone from the heating of the bathhouse "in black" and the lack of ventilation in this room. An integral part of the design of a traditional Russian bath is a ventilation system that distributes heat evenly throughout the steam room and exits the "exhaust" air. You can make ventilation with your own hands and with little material costs, but when arranging this important element of the bath, you should
A well-made ventilation system in the steam room is a guarantee not only of a pleasant and relaxing atmosphere of a Russian bath, but also of your safety. Incorrectly arranged ventilation leads to numerous unpleasant consequences:
An important function of ventilation is to provide heat exchange. Humid air conducts heat very poorly, therefore, without air circulation, the stove will only heat the space around it. For this reason, the ventilation inlet is most often located behind the stove at a low height from the floor. So the air has time to heat up and spreads heat through the steam room. Otherwise, too cold air is supplied to the room, disrupting temperature regime.
The outlet is located on opposite walls and at the opposite level with the inlet. This is a very common mistake: placing vents at the same level: they form a closed flow that does not affect most premises, therefore it is always cold downstairs, and in the upper part of the steam room it is too hot and stuffy.
It is also worth considering what is the same as right choice circuits, what matters is the correct diameter of the ventilation holes. For each cubic meter of the room, the diameter must be 24 cm, otherwise the air will not circulate.
Another important part of the ventilation system is the plugs or valves on the ventilation openings. They allow you to regulate the intensity of air circulation and quickly warm up and cool the room.
It is necessary to lay ventilation shafts even at the construction stage of the bath itself, then it will be possible to change the ventilation scheme in only one way - by turning on a fan. Otherwise, disturbed ventilation will make the bath not too comfortable.
The ventilation system can function both due to natural air movement and due to the installed fan. The second option is an order of magnitude easier: it is very difficult to create natural ventilation without a lot of experience as a stove-maker. It should be understood that any circuits with a different arrangement of ventilation holes are circuits designed to be included in the fan exhaust process.
Plus natural ventilation - a minimum of material costs, but if the design of the bath does not allow the placement of ventilation openings according to the classical scheme, then the only option is to include a mechanical component. For ventilation in the steam room, not any fan is suitable, the selected model must withstand extreme high temperatures and high humidity... Normal duct fan for work in difficult conditions near the steam room will not work, it will quickly fail, and faulty electronics in wooden structure can be potentially dangerous. An ordinary fan can only be used to ventilate the room after using the bath.
But if the vents are not positioned correctly, mechanical fan assistance will not make the system work. In order not to learn from your costly mistakes, it is better to take one of the ready-made working ventilation schemes, here are some of them:
the diagrams above are ventilation using mechanical traction. In the first diagram, the inlet is located at a distance of half a meter from the floor behind the stove, the outlet is as low as possible. The air rises, heats up and spreads in the upper part of the room, then it cools and falls to the outlet in which the fan is located;
A properly equipped ventilation system will help create a unique atmosphere of a Russian bath and prolong the life of the structure and finishing materials in room. Designing ventilation is not such an easy task as it seems at first glance, but even not a professional can understand the basic rules and equip a working ventilation in his bath.
Ventilation in the bath with your own hands? - easily, the event can be carried out by a man without professional skills. Why do you even need to monitor how to properly ventilate the bath? The answer is obvious. Properly arranged ventilation in the bath affects the maintenance of the temperature regime in the locker room, washing room, steam room, or relaxation room. The second, but no less significant impact, the movement of air masses has on safety wooden structureand the service life of its parts.
When designing a bath complex and its design, it is necessary to take into account that the ventilation of the bath complex must be carried out taking into account the established rules, supplemented by subtle nuances. Information on how to make ventilation in the bath with your own hands, with detailed instructions, photos and videos, it is enough. We will outline the main stages of installing air exchange inside the sauna space and the steam room below.
Correctly arranged ventilation in the bath is guaranteed to keep the temperature at a comfortable level inside the steam room. Extending service life wooden structures.
The operation of the ventilation system based on the well-known laws of physics, as well as the ventilation scheme, is clear and does not raise any questions. To fulfill the condition of air circulation in a constant mode, we need only a couple of holes of two types:
Fresh air in the room will provide an air inlet. Best place the location of the supply ventilation in the bath - near the stove, at a height as close as possible to the floor. This arrangement will provide rapid heating of the incoming air, preventing it from cooling the room, maintaining a constant temperature.
The scheme of air movement inside the steam room.
The hood slots are necessary to remove superheated humid air and carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) from the steam room. The exhaust openings should be positioned opposite, as high as possible, slightly below the edge of the ceiling. It is advisable to place both lugs opposite each other in order to effectively create and maintain a continuous exchange of air.
Attention! Do not plan to locate the exhaust outlet directly in the ceiling! The hole for the air masses in the ceiling leads to a sharp cooling of the bath, preventing the hot masses from lingering.
With the concept of the location of the supply and exhaust openings, everything is clear and there are no problems in organizing work on the ventilation device in the bath with your own hands. But the task of maintaining a high temperature in the steam room and at the same time effective removal exhaust air and carbon monoxide remains open.
You should also pay attention that ventilation in the bath should work to maintain an acceptable temperature in the rooms for hygiene procedures, in the dressing room, and in other parts of the room: in the dressing room, in the washroom and in the rest room. And if you are faced with the task of introducing a ventilation scheme in a steam room with your own hands, you should think about how to do the job correctly.
Correct air circulation in the bath
There are two main types of ventilation:
Which one to choose is determined depending on the design of the bath and the volume of its premises.
Ventilation using an electronic control unit It starts up on its own due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside the room and outside. The effectiveness of natural flows depends on the placement of the air inlet and outlet. Better and optimal when the feed holes are close to the floor. Place them at a height of 200-350 mm, next to the stove. It is better to place the exhaust pipes of the hood on the opposite wall, below the ceiling level of 150-200 mm.
Ventilation systems with natural air movement are not suitable for ventilation of a steam room or sauna, as cold air in this room accumulates at the bottom of the floor, and hot air at the top. We need the hot streams to stay in the steam room as long as possible.
Adjusting the air flow is difficult, but correct location DIY ventilation system components, you can deal with this problem.
Natural ventilation for the steam room is not desirable, it is advisable to organize it in the recreation area This kind of air recirculation in the steam room of a Russian bath or Finnish sauna can be divided into two subspecies:
The scheme of internal ventilation ducts in the wall of the bath The natural movement of air, with the correct location of the ventilation holes and their size corresponding to the volume of the premises, works well in a Russian bath, assembled from round logs or timber.
The structure of the steam room frame must be airtight. It is advisable in frame baths from a bar, use forced ventilation. Supply vents are arranged in outside wall steam room and must be additionally equipped with a blower. In bath structures made of brick or concrete blocks, it is possible to achieve high-quality air movement only by forced ventilation.
Depending on what material the bathhouse is built from, a ventilation system is selected. Before proceeding to the choice of the ventilation scheme in the bath and the device of its design with your own hands, you need to understand the subtleties and nuances of design.
Carefully! Even a minor mistake in the location of the air supply and exhaust openings leads to unpleasant consequences. In the steam room or to lower the desired hot temperature or an increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide).
The ventilation system is laid down at the design stage of structures - the necessary channels are planned and the location of the intake and exhaust windows is determined. During the construction of the bath, adjustable windows are installed after the decorative paneling of the room. The organization of the exchange of air masses in the room and the question "How to make ventilation in the bath" must be solved at the design stage.
The ventilation ducts of the dressing room, bathroom, steam room, rest room, as well as openings for the flow of fresh air and removal of a mixture of carbon monoxide gases, including moist air masses, must be installed at the appropriate stages of construction. At the stage of finishing the premises, valves and grilles are installed to control the dimensions of the supply and exhaust openings and the cross-sections of the ventilation ducts.
Basically, two factors affect the effective functioning of the bath ventilation:
The dimensions of the slots depend on the number and volume of rooms: a dressing room, a steam room, a bath room or a recreation room. It is necessary to select the optimal size of these holes, as well as to ensure the possibility of its adjustment. Install the door flap and grill to adjust the gap in the holes. The exhaust opening is made with approximately the same dimensions as the dimensions of the inlet opening. In any case, the "hood" should not be less than the "supply", otherwise it is impossible to ensure a full outflow of humid and carbon monoxide air from the steam room.
In the photo on the left. air vent with a slider for adjusting the amount of fresh air. Keep in mind that with a large number of ventilation windows, it is more difficult to heat the sauna room to the correct temperature.
Large ventilation windows result in excessive consumption of fuel or electricity. In addition, there are problems with the adjustment cross section ventilation ducts. It is difficult to relax if you constantly have to change the position of each valve.
IMPORTANT! The dimensions of the ventilation opening are calculated as 24 cm2 per 1 m3 of the volume of the ventilated area. For a good supply of fresh air from outside, the outlet lug must be larger than the inlet.
If the area of the ventilation lugs is insufficient, the temperature, humidity and concentration of carbon monoxide in the room can rise to critical levels.
The required size of the ventilation opening is designed at the rate of 24 sq. Cm per 1 cubic meter of bath volume The functioning of any ventilation system is based on replacing the mass of hot air with cold air. The movement takes place under the pressure of cold air from the outside, since it is heavier. It remains only to provide for the possibility of adjusting the direction of the flow of hot air coming from the oven installed in the bath.
For this reason, steam room ventilation is not limited to equipping a single inlet. It is necessary to plan two windows. To optimize heat flow it is enough with the help of a valve - adjust the gate valves in the holes of a certain width.
Schematic representation of the placement of ventilation holes in the steam room. Fresh inflow and removal of contaminated air masses. Collect ventilation in the bath with my own hands, it is easier if you follow a simple rule. Qualitative indicators of the ventilation system in the bath are laid down at the initial stage design work... In the bath, the circulating air flows in the premises, have a pronounced temperature difference, to level the discomfort from this mixing is the main task.
IMPORTANT! A comfortable atmosphere in a bathhouse depends not only on the absence of sudden changes in temperature "horizontally", that is, when moving from one room to another: from the relaxation room to the dressing room or from the steam room to the washing room. Synchronous mixing of air masses in vertical plane: the air temperature near the floor should not be significantly lower than the temperature at the level of human height.
The microclimate in the bath is directly influenced by the number, size and location of ventilation windows. The uniformity of intake, mixing and removal of air masses depends on the number of supply and exhaust openings, their size and location relative to each other, as well as heating devices and equipment of additional devices.
Any scheme ventilation system in the steam room is designed with one goal in mind - maintaining the temperature, humidity and freshness of the air in the steam room. Bathrooms, especially steam rooms, are exposed to water and steam, so periodic ventilation and drying is required. But ventilation and drying will be ineffective if proper ventilation in the bath is not organized. Correct and continuous ventilation of the steam room significantly reduces the effects of moisture absorption by wood.
Bath ventilation controls the temperature, humidity and freshness of the air in the steam room. Air exchange in baths and saunas also provides a ventilated floor.
in constant contact with water lose appearance and become unusable after 4 years. Ventilation requirements organized by means of the floor:
Bath ventilation - general scheme systems There is no direct contact with water in the dressing room. That is why, making ventilation with your own hands in the wardrobe room, armed with photographs and videos with instructions, will not be difficult.
Use natural or hybrid ventilation. Use a fan to supply fresh air. Install ventilation openings with ventilators that require direct access to the street and power connection with a power cable.
In the dressing room, natural and combined ventilation is allowed. To optimize air exchange in the washroom, a forced ventilation system is used. It is driven by an electric motor. The air flow is removed in the direction of the vestibule (vestibule). The air supply and exhaust duct is mounted with the same cross-section. section. The inlet opening is located above ground level (2 m) and the outlet of the branch pipe is brought out to the roof.
Special requirements apply to the microclimate of the steam room. The steam room must be quickly warmed up, while maintaining the optimum humidity level and without drafts. Thus, the actual position and dimensions of the inlet and outlet channels, which are used in the construction of the bath, are very important for the steam room.
To regulate the inflow and outflow of air, the valves in the ventilated openings are sufficient. A large volume of space will most likely require a blower or exhaust fan.
Scheme: ventilation in a steam room We have brought the typical schematic diagrams ventilation design in the bath. Videos and images, attached instructions will surely help those who want to build a bath complex on their own. We wish you the earliest possible embodiment of your dreams in concrete forms!
For a long time, people believed that the bath is able to heal the body. It is not for nothing that a saying has appeared among the people: "The bathhouse soars, the bathhouse rules, the bathhouse will correct everything." To really get a charge of vivacity and health, it is necessary to create the most favorable microclimate for this with a sufficient oxygen content in it. This is what the ventilation in the steam room serves, where the air must be renewed at least 2 times during each hour. When we talk about a bath, it also means a steam room.
The quality of taking bath procedures and our well-being directly depend on whether the ventilation scheme in the steam room is performed correctly. Before we look at how to make ventilation in the steam room, let's take a look at its functions.
The bathhouse needs ventilation, because it has 3 main functions:
For bathers to breathe easily, a constant supply of fresh air is required. Many argue that ventilation is unnecessary. after washing, ventilate the bath through the door and window.
In the human body, at the moment of vaping, the process of oxygen exchange in the blood increases several times. For one visit to the steam room (up to 2 hours or more), an adult produces 0.5-1.5 liters of sweat, which is a concentrated toxin. Without an influx of fresh air, we are poisoned by the products of our own vital activity. An air mixture that is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide can cause headaches, nausea, dizziness, and lethargy. People perceive this as intolerance to the bath, and do not realize that they themselves have created such conditions. The reason is that there is no ventilation in the steam room.
How are steam modes created? In order for the air flow to quickly heat up, it is introduced at the bottom of the oven, from which it heats up and, mixing with steam, rises to the ceiling and to the steam zone.
A layer of steam is created there, which, when cooled, begins to settle in the form of condensate. On the wall opposite the stove, opposite to the side below, under the bath shelf, a hole is made for the exhaust air to escape. Due to internal circulation, fresh air is actively mixed and unnecessary air is removed. Valves are installed on the channels in order to correct the air exchange in the steam room. This is how the steam is controlled, and the bath procedures take place in more comfortable conditions.
On the wall opposite to the inlet, in the upper part, another exhaust hole is made, which is closed for the period of heating and washing. Top exhaust not for steam operation. It is only needed to dry the bath after washing. After taking bath procedures, it is necessary to open both the upper hole and the lower one in order to thoroughly dry the room.
Many are mistaken, claiming that you can dry a bath with an oven at closed doors and windows. This is an illusion. In the absence of air exchange, it will not be possible to dry the bath well. When heated, air is able to retain a lot of water (steam). When it cools down, everything happens the other way around: the air cannot hold much moisture and begins to throw it out in the form of dew. As a result, a lot of dampness will remain in the bath. With organized ventilation, with each new stream, excess moisture is carried out into the street. Any steel furnace can handle this, because the cooling process takes up to 3 hours.
The design of the building affects the choice of the type of ventilation system.
An example of ventilation of a steam room through the foundation
Previously, there was no ventilation in chopped baths, or it was used in its simplest form. The air from the steam room came out through the blower of the stove, which was installed here. Fresh air was supplied through a door ajar 5 mm. The design of the bath was as follows: a steam room, a washing room and an oven in one room.
In order for the stove to function as a cooker hood, it must be installed so that the blower is below the floorboards. It should be borne in mind that ventilation through the furnace blower takes place only during the period of fire burning in the furnace. If you are using stoves with short-term operation, you cannot do without the use of an improved ventilation system.
Here is another diagram that will help those who have a metal stove. The ventilation of the steam room is based on the burning stove itself. It should ventilate not only the bath, but the entire foundation. Bad air usually accumulates under the bath unpleasant odor, if everything is not arranged correctly. A vent made in the foundation promotes the flow of air under the floor.
Ventilated underfloor
In the heating (heating) mode of the bath, the air circulates between the washing room, the steam room and the space under the common floor. To do this, a window with a latch is made in the partition between the steam room and the sink to regulate the ventilation mode.
From the chimney of the stove, there is a draft to the surface. For her, air comes from all possible cracks.
By metal pipe with a diameter of 115 mm passes 5-10 l / s flue gas, is equivalent to the intake air of the furnace - 300-600 l / min, and this is 2-3 barrels of air in 1 minute the furnace pumps out into the chimney.
Therefore, if your stove cheerfully smokes with a chimney, it means that it absorbs the same amount of air through the blower from the bath, while giving off a colossal amount of heat.
If your stove takes air from your steam room with its blower, it first of all ventilates your steam room, then the underground and through it the air gets back, because has a total volume. There should be a common underground space under all sections of the bath. If the floors are made independent of each other, there will be no ventilation. Floor boards should not be laid tightly, 5-10 mm apart.
Within 15 minutes, the entire air of the bath completely changes, there is 100% air exchange through chimney... For additional thermoregulation, you can also open the door of the main room to the dressing room, so that the air goes out there and on to the street.
There are many schemes with different advantages... Here is one common scheme according to which ventilation in a steam room can be arranged with your own hands. It also allows you to adjust the air flow to maintain one or another mode.
Let's take a closer look. Stove and door on the same side. Air supply behind the stove and through the lower slot of the door. Opposite there are two exhaust ducts (one under the ceiling, the other above the shelf), connected by a pipe or duct.
In pair rooms, ventilation can be arranged in several options. In addition to natural, mechanical and combined ventilation is used in the steam room. It mainly depends on the layout, for example, if the sauna is attached to residential building... When only one wall borders on the street and all the valves are installed on it, then ventilation in the steam room cannot do without mechanical induction.
In a mechanical and combined ventilation system, special devices are used that control air exchange.
The lower the ventilation holes are placed, the more heat will be stored in the steam room. To achieve a good result, it is necessary to additionally equip the ventilation system with mechanical devices. For this, deflectors or simple fans are used in air ducts. Air exchange proceeds according to the same scheme, only the removal of unnecessary air from the room is due to the fan. This is a combined system. With a mechanical type of ventilation, a fan is installed in the supply and exhaust ducts.
The type of system is selected individually for each room.
What conditions must be observed
Each bather has individual requirements for temperature and humidity conditions. They are based on personal feelings. You can achieve the creation of certain parameters using instruments.
Measure the temperature in the steam room with an alcohol thermometer. Do not use a mercury thermometer. You can use an electric thermometer. The thermocouple is placed in the steam room, and the indicator is brought out to the dressing room or the rest room.
Air humidity can be measured with a hygrometer. Based on the individual preferences of the bather, you can use this device to set a certain mode.
Comfortable vaping conditions and ultimately the degree of satisfaction are due to the balanced regime of humidity, heat and the presence of fresh air. To create such conditions, supply and exhaust ventilation is used. The main thing is to organize it correctly.
A suitable microclimate and a correct air ventilation scheme create conditions for better vaping.
It can be made according to different schemes, but there is no doubt that one cannot do without it in this structure.
The presence of ventilation in the bath affects not only the correct distribution of heat in the room, but also the safety of visitors, as well as durability services of a wooden bath building. In the bath, especially in the steam room, there is always a large amount of water and steam, and wooden surfaces absorb moisture, and periodic drying of the room is simply necessary. However, it will not be effective enough if constant ventilation is not organized in the premises, which significantly reduces the effect of moisture absorption by wood, since the air is in continuous movement.
The operation of the ventilation system is based on the well-known laws of physics, and the principle of its arrangement is quite simple and straightforward.
Thus, a very important factor is the size of the windows, as well as the ability to adjust the opening they open. To do this, slide doors are installed on them, which can be completely covered or a small gap can be left open.
- If you install too large openings, the steam room will either never be able to heat up to the required temperature, or this will lead to excessive consumption of fuel or energy, or in order to achieve the required temperature, it will take a long time to adjust the distance to which each of the ventilation windows should be opened.
- If the size of the ventilation windows is not large enough, the intensity of air movement will be noticeably reduced, which means that overheating of the room or oversaturation of the air with moisture may occur.
So, the soft intake, uniform mixing and removal of air from the room will depend on the size of the ventilation openings, their location and on the equipment of the system with additional adjustment elements. That is, it is necessary to provide for all these parameters so that there are no sharp thermal changes in the room for individual parts of the body of a person washing in a bath, for example, when cold air from the street blows down the legs, and the head is at the same time under the influence of very high temperatures.
There will be a difference in air flow temperatures anyway, and this is normal, but visitors should not feel any discomfort from this. Therefore, the air must be mixed as evenly as possible - this depends on the correct layout of the ventilation system.
Before proceeding with the selection of the ventilation system and the most suitable design, you need to understand some of the nuances that are used when installing any of them:
For, to to carry out these works without problems, it is imperative to include ventilation in the bath project in order to carry out all further construction works based on it.
In different cases, depending on the structure of the building and the total volume of the bath room, one of the types of ventilation is arranged.
Natural ventilation
This type of ventilation system is based on the difference in temperature and pressure between the outside and the room. The effectiveness of such ventilation is achieved by the correct placement of the supply and output windows. So, the entrance for la outside air located next to, at a height of 250 ÷ 350 mm from the floor, and exhaust windows are usually located on the opposite wall of the room, 150 ÷ 250 mm below the ceiling.
It is believed that this option is not particularly suitable for a steam room, since the warmest place in this room is its upper area, and the coldest one is the floor. It is quite difficult to adjust natural ventilation in such conditions, but if you arrange its elements correctly, then even with this distribution of air flows, the desired effect can be achieved.
Forced ventilation
There are special electronic systems for saunas and steamy Russian baths, which are entrusted with control over the temperature and air intake.
The control panel sets the desired temperature and humidity level, which must be maintained in the room, creating a comfortable atmosphere in the bath. Such systems are carried out and connected by specialists, and such services are quite expensive.
Another option for forced ventilation is simpler in the device and more affordable. This method of ventilation of the bath can be called the most widespread, as it will create the right atmosphere, regardless of weather conditions"overboard".
In this system, in addition to correctly positioned ventilation windows, a device such as a fan driven by an exhaust hood will be needed. Combined option especially good for saunas located inside the house, where ventilation windows are not built into the outer wall, and a long ventilation duct is laid to them from it. In this case, the fan ensures the intake and exhaust of air to the required extent.
The duct exhaust fan must comply with the special conditions of "bath" operation It should be noted that special fans are purchased for the bath, which have reinforced waterproofing of the elements. electrical circuit and the mechanical part. In addition, such devices must withstand high temperatures without losing functionality. The working diameter and power of the device are selected depending on the volume of the room.
The required type of ventilation is selected individually for different premises and types of baths, therefore, when choosing a scheme, you need to carefully think over and calculate everything. Very often it makes sense to contemplate and combined scheme, combining both the natural circulation of air flows, and the ability, if necessary, to resort to forced.
The presented diagrams show different options for the relative position of the heater and shelves in the steam room, and the distribution of the supply, hot and mixed air flows that advise them.
The first scheme ( a)
The most used ventilation scheme in the bath, when the window for the incoming air is located next to the stove, at a height of 250 ÷ 350 mm from the floor.
During the heating of the heater, cold heavy air coming from the ventilation window moves a light hot stream to the opposite wall, lifting it up to the exhaust hole, which is located at a distance of 150 ÷ 250 cm from the ceiling.
Coming all the way, from the bottom window to the top, hot and mixed flows cover the entire room, warming as much as possible the area of the upper shelf located under the exhaust window. If there is insufficient air movement, a fan is installed in the upper ventilation hole.
A regulator in the form of movable louvers can be built into the inlet opening, which will help to regulate the intensity of the supply air intake, and to set, to a certain extent, the direction of the flow in the desired direction.
The second scheme ( b)
Natural intensive blowing is carried out through the lower window, arranged on the opposite wall from the stove. In this case, the air movement is directed towards the heating device, where the hot stream emanating from it is picked up, rises and rushes to the exhaust opening along a wide arc covering the entire volume of the room.
This scheme is well suited for placing a bathhouse, arranged in a house, and having one external wall. In order not to stretch the ventilation box to the opposite side of the bath, both windows are installed in the wall facing the street.
The third scheme ( v)
This scheme is suitable for a bath with a leak. The air intake window is located exactly in the same place as in the first scheme, near the heater-heater. The exit is organized somewhat differently.
The air, after warming up the upper area of the steam room, goes down, passes through the slots of the flooring, thereby helping the evaporation of moisture collected there, which significantly extends the life of the wooden floor.
The exhaust air vent is located in an adjacent room or in an isolated channel that no longer has an exit to the steam room. Usually it is equipped with a fan to ensure stable air circulation along such a complex path.
The scheme cannot be called very popular - it is used infrequently due to its complexity in accurate calculations of the location of ventilation windows, a rather laborious device with ensuring the movement of air flows in its cavity. However, it should be borne in mind that it is very effective, and contributes to the most uniform heating of the steam room and, at the same time, helps the rapid evaporation of moisture from the wooden floor structures and their drying.
The fourth scheme ( G)
The fourth option is designed for a constantly operating oven - only in this case its blowing hole will function as an exhaust hood. The supply window is located under the shelf, installed on the opposite wall from the stove, at the level of its blower.
Cold air is directed towards the stove and lifts the heated air towards the ceiling. Cooling down, air masses are forced down and go into the blowing hole.
There are also more complex schemes, in which there are two inlet and two outlet ventilation windows with forced air circulation. Such a scheme requires careful adjustment, it allows you to set the required temperature in the room as accurately as possible.
As stated above, ideal option the installation of the ventilation system will be carried out simultaneously with the construction of the bath. In the event that a ready-made room is being converted into a bathhouse, or its arrangement is being carried out, it is best to choose a room or separate a corner that has two external walls... In this case, there will be no problems with the ventilation system device.
If this is not possible and the bathhouse is located in the middle of a private house, then there are two options for airing the room - to conduct a ventilation duct that will connect the room to the street, or to bring the ventilation pipe through the ceiling and roof. In this case, the pipe must be closed from above with a protective umbrella to prevent precipitation and fallen leaves from entering the ventilation ducts.
Ventilation
