In the manor architecture, over the centuries, a special role was assigned to the surviving buildings. They had economic importance, were used as housing for servants. Separate buildings of the secondary level were included in the holistic complex of the entire site, functionally and composite emphasizing the overall exposure of the main construction. The most common option of this kind of construction was a flibel. What is this building and what is its main function?
Flegel is an additional extension to the residential house, which can be both part of it and be located outside it. Being a secondary element of the building, it is nevertheless subordinated to the main construction. The meaning of the word "Flygel", which is happening from the German Flügel, is translated as "wing." In architectural terminology, this is a small side building under a special roof with a main building, which can also be located separately, but not far from the main construction. Similar importance is also characteristic of such a kind of synonymous words "Flygel", like a wing, an attachment, a liner, avart.
In the former times, such architectural techniques as a three-party composition are quite common in the construction of housing, as a three-part composition: central building, galleries-transitions and fluels. She was determined by life. In the main building housed the front and residential halls of the owner. A servant lived in the outgames, there was a kitchen, guests stayed. Gallery transitions allowed out without exit to pass from each flaggel to the house, which was especially important in winter Or in rainy weather. In the second half of XVIII and early XIX. century such architectural techniques were often used in palace and manor ensembles. What function is currently performing a flider? What is this: additional or full-fledged building?
Pretty long, the Flegene served as a secondary construction that does not provide for all necessary amenities. Today it is often used as a full-fledged structure connected to engineering communications, equipped with lighting and heating.
All big scales acquire the development of country construction. Quite comfortable and prestigious to have a house intended for permanent residence Or rest, located near the city. These are no longer small, non-sustainable houses, and cozy cottages, when designing which all the necessary main building with all the amenities, a terrace and a fregerated terrace were envisaged. What is this room and for which it is erected on the plot? This is an extension or independent buildingused as an additional room. His destination, depending on the desires of the owner, can vary. Sometimes the outhouse serves to organize a winter garden, gaming for children, guest rooms. Often it is an extension with a gym, sauna. Flegel is also still able to serve as an economic room with a garage attached to it. Any of concepts are quite real, its incarnation depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe site and the financial capabilities of the owner.
The current projects of additional buildings allow you to implement any exciting idea. Post popularly, practical and convenient to place them on the roof of the building. To do this, only such certain points are provided in advance as the location of the building, the type of roof, the material of the supporting structures and its strength characteristics, the impact of wind and precipitation, the change in the drainage system. When they are taken into account, it is easy to build a flibel on the roof having a strictly horizontal location and allowing. Implement almost any architectural idea. It is possible to create an extension and on the attic roof.
When erecting housing, the selection of materials is carried out not only depending on the wishes of the owner, but also factors such as the architectural solution of the project, climatic conditions, economic and physical and mechanical indicators of building materials.
If the house with the ointment, they are preferably combined in appearance and material so that the overall idea during construction is not disturbed by country areas The most popular material is a tree. Houses of it are environmentally friendly, their beautiful microclimate is distinguished.
Modern architectural projects make it possible to realize any idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a house to which a flibel is attached. What is an indispensable element of the house, especially outside the city, have already appreciated many owners. This is a convenient and practical structure, besides able to create a romantic halo around a common building. The main thing is reasonably approaching the construction of this design and take into account all its features.
The development of country construction is becoming increasingly scales. Lastly non-primable shedding houses, which proudly called dachas. They are replaced by cozy cottages, the projects of which include all comfort zones: rooms, kitchen, bathrooms, terrace, and sometimes a fligeel. Flegel is an extension used as an additional room. It is erected to have another guest room or game - for children. Sometimes the flaghel is designed to organize in it a winter garden or a small gym. Whatever the owners choose, one thing is clear - no longer happens. In private houses, a flibel on the roof is usually placed - it is convenient and practical.
Well, when the outhouse is designed at the construction stage of the house, but sometimes best ideas Appears with a delay. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the issue of creating an extension, focusing on the existing house and its characteristics. Before the start of work, it is necessary to objectively assess a number of important factors:
Very often, the flibel is erected on the roofs of household buildings or on the garage. In the future, they join the design to the house, making the installation of a single roof or implementing other architectural ideas. If the construction of the Flegene hosts are engaged independently, not attracting professional workers, then you need to provide in advance for some points. After all, the construction of a fluege on the roof of the house:
During the construction of the Flegel, it is necessary to estimate the possible risk for the building to avoid trouble during operation
Important!
Flegel on the house can bring no joy, but destruction. If there are suspicions that there will be more negative influence, it is better to abandon the roof of the roof and build a fluegel on the territory near the house.
It is not foreseen problems with the construction of an extension in homes where the roofs have a strictly horizontal location. On a flat surface you can easily install almost any design.
Flegenes, created on the basis of the old veranda of the upper floor, look good. All that is required in this case is partially isolate the room from the main part of the house, glazed the openings and make the roof. If you further insulate the roof, then the outhouse can be used and in the cold season is also fully as other rooms.
One of the methods of receipt extra room In the built house - the construction of the fluege on the roof
Previous options were considered for houses with gentle roofsBut significantly often in suburban real estate can be found another option - a pitched roof, and then it is necessary to take into account its features.
Important!
The construction of additional columns will build a fluege on any type of roof of the desired area and configuration. Load for supporting structures will be minimal.
In addition to problems with the weighing of the new building, it is necessary to find answers to a number of questions:
Erecting Flegene scope Roof is a sufficiently complex procedure, the execution of which is better to entrust specialists
It is unlikely to decide that it is hardly possible, too much will have to be changed in life support systems. Therefore, further work will flow over one of two directions:
Let's try to summarize those moments that need to be taken into account when planning the construction of a fluege on the roof of the house:
The presence of a fluege creates some halo of romance around the house. This cozy room is different from the total building of some special atmosphere. Therefore, if an idea arose on the roof of the house, then, of course, it is better to implement it. The main thing is reasonably approaching this issue and take into account all the features of construction.
In the conditions of the modern constant rise in the cost of land, housing construction grows in the vertical direction. Developers are increasing useful Square houses due to equipment of residential comfortable attic. But what should I do if there are still not enough space, and there is no free earth to build an extension? Experienced masters It is believed that in this situation there is only one way out - a fluege on the roof.
Most people when hear the term "Flygel" is a small, separate construction from the main house, used on economic purposes or as a guest summer dwelling. In fact, this word of Germanic origin, which literally means "wing", there are three meanings:
Please note that the roof outlet can be used for small cabinet equipment, children's or game, and if you make a roof from cast polycarbonate, then in this room can be placed in this room. winter Garden or greenhouse.
According to the reviews of professional builders, the arrangement of the fence on the roof is the cheapest way to increase the useful living area of \u200b\u200bthe private house. However, in addition to this function, a small extension does appearance The roof is more original, decorative and intricate. There are 2 mezzanine mounted options:
Important! From the point of view of the volume and complexity of work, as well as the amount of costs, it is much easier to plan the construction of the flaghel during the preparation of the project of the house. In the event of reconstruction already finished roof We will have to almost completely rebuild the rafter frame and remove the roofing coating.
Experienced masters that the outglass can be attached to almost any particular home. When planning such a cardinal reconstruction should be considered constructive features Roofs, floors and height of the house, carrying the ability of the foundation, bearing walls and overlaps. After all, the extension of mezzanine to the roof has a huge effect on its design:
Remember! So that the extension of the flaghel did not have a roof and the house on the destructive effect of the roof and the house, it is necessary to calculate the increase in the load on the foundation, as well as use lighter materials for construction, for example, a sandwich panel.
It is believed that the mezzanine device on the finished roof is quite complex in terms of technology, which is better to entrust experienced, professional craftsmen. All manipulations need to be carried out only in accordance with the project. Typically, the installation process consists of the following steps:
Important! With the arrangement of mezzanine, paying great attention to the places of adjacent roofing material to vertical surfaces, additionally isolating them. These places often become the cause of leaks.
The outhouse comes from German Flugel, which literally means "wing." In the architecture, the Flygel is called a secondary extension, which can be part of the house or be located outside. An extension is created as a minor element of the building, which is composite, is functionally obeys the main construction.
In Russian, the word "Flygel" over time covered with many synonyms - it is a fitting and, closet, wing, sometimes even mansion. Today, the increasingly flibel is used as the room for living only in warm time. Most often, the outhouse is a full-fledged building, equipped with heating, lighting connected to engineering communications.
This structure is remembered when there is a need for additional living space. In the wing of the manor type, the premises for service personnel are most often equipped (in old, servants). If the construction is placed on the roof, it is used as a guest or gaming room. When planning a flaghel, its construction on ready building It is necessary to take into account the stylistics of the structure so that the new building does not violate the overall composition, and as if continued.
A modern outline is optional to build in the form of a single construction - today architectural companies offer projects of multi-level buildings that can be dual and even structured. All this gives the house personality both outside and inside (meaning planning).
One of the most widespread places for the placement of the Flegel is the roof of the house. An extension can be planned in advance or build on the ready-made building. In the first case, there are no problems, but if it is planned to build a flider on the constructed house, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors:
- structural features of the roof;
- the number of floors, the height of the building;
- reliability of walls, overlap, foundation.
It is not necessary to build a flider on a residential building. Often similar architectural element You can see on household buildings, garage and even bath. It all depends on the preferences of the property owner. The easiest way to equip additional living space on flat roof Either at the site of the top floor veranda. In the latter case, it will take partially glazed opening, make a roof. If, to insulate the walls, roof, the construction will be ready for the adoption of the guests and in the cold season.
(Story, 1892).
Description of the hospital courtyard, overgrown with nettle, where there is a small fluegel. In the Seine on the old trash, Nikita's watchman always sleeps, an old retired soldier.
The room on the beds screwed to the floor contains 5 crazy, one of which is noble title, and the rest of the goal. One of them is a Jew Moses, who was placed when his cap workshop had burned down. His one of all is released on the street, where he gives someone a penny who kvass, who else something. All that Moses brings, selects Nikita's watchman "in their favor." Moses loves to service, but does it not from compassion, but imitating his neighbor with right side Ivan Dmitrievich Gromov, who helps everyone, but sometimes something like fever rolling on him, and he, choking, speaks of "human meanness, about violence, Pouring the truth."
About 12-15 years ago, in his house on the most important street, an official of Gromov lived, and with him the two sons - Sergey and Ivan. As a student of 4 courses, Sergey fell ill with Cachotka and died. Through Pedil, the father was accused of a worry and embarrassment of stateless money and gave a court. Soon he died in a prison hospital from typhus. Ivan is forced to make money on life with frequent lessons and part of the money to send mother to food. He does not withstand and leaves home. He was given a place in the county school, he did not come together with his comrades, did not like the disciples and soon threw the place. Mother died. For half a year he was fed only by bread and water, then he entered the court before, until he was dismissed by illness.
He loved him in the city. He was very educated and read. Once the autumn in the morning, Ivan Dmitrievich goes to one crossman to get according to the executive list. On the way, he meets the arrestants with conference, and this meeting makes a difficult impression on him. On the way home, Ivan Dmitrievich meets the police officer, which also seems suspicious to him. At night, Ivan Dmitrievich ne sleep. He is pursued by the thoughts of a possible arrest, although he does not know any guilt. He is tormented by nightmares. Within a few days, all the windows passing and entering the courtyard people seem to be spy and detectives. He is only afraid, avoids people, the service becomes unbearable. In the spring near the cemeteries find two half-grown corpses with signs of violent death. Feeding that he would suspect him in the murder, Ivan Dmitrievich walks through the streets and smiles, when meeting with friends, she assures, "that there is no crime, as the murder of weak and defenseless." In the end, Ivan Dmitrievich hides in the master cellar, where two days sits. When cooks come to the hostek, it seems to him that these are disguised police. It is chosen from the apartment N in horror runs down the street. He is delayed, lead home and cause Dr. - Andrei Efimovich. They decide that Ivan Dmitrievich is the mentally, and send him to the hospital in the ward No. 6.
In addition to Ivan Dmitrievich and Zhid Moses in the Chamber containing "Floored with fat, almost a round man, with a stupid, completely meaningless face. This is a fixed, absolute and unclean animal, who has long lost the ability to think and feel. From him constantly there is a sharp, suffocating Smraff" . On the brutal beatings of Nikita, the man does not answer any sound nor movement or an eye expression.
The fifth inhabitant of the House number 6 is a former sorter of letters, blond with a kind, on a shuffle face. He is obsessed with the idea that he is awarded rare orders.
There are rarely new people in the ward: only a barber comes. However, a rumor was held soon that the doctor began to attend.
Dr. Andrei Efimovich Ragin in his youth prepared himself to a spiritual career, but at the insistence of his father dedicated himself to medicine. Doctor has a careful gait and a high voice. It dresses something casually. Before the arrival of Andrei Efimovich's office, arbitrarily came to the hospital and a terrible mess reigned. Andrei Efimovich took the mess indifferently. At first, it works very hard, patients praise him for their attention and competence. Over time, the doctor is bored with monotonous and useless work. The doctor comes to the conclusion that to interfere with people to die for anything. Andrei Efimovich lowers his hands and visits the hospital not every day. In the reception office Andrei Efimovich in the morning, Feldscher Sergey Sergeevich meets. In the city, it has a huge practice, wears a white tie and considers himself more knowledgeable than the doctor who does not have practices at all. Sergey Sergeevich religion. On Sundays, any of the patients read the akathist aloud out loud, and then the Feldsher spares the chambers and emphasizes sick incense.
Andrei Efimovich takes the patients with the Nadorko, the operation no longer does (for some time he is a unpleasant type of blood), hastily discharges the medicines so that the patients leave him as soon as possible. Over time, the process of "treatment" is finally annoying, the patients receive a paramedic. Having come home, Andrei Efimovich begins to read. He buys a lot of books but history and philosophy. In the evenings, the doctor visits the postmaster Mikhail Averyanych. Under the influence of good thoughts sought from books, his own past and the present becomes disgusting Andrei Efimovich. It comes to the conclusion that it serves a harmful case and gets a salary from people who deceive. Zemstvo allocates additional funds to strengthen medical personnel in the hospital. A young doctor Evgeny Fedorovich Kobotov arrives in the city. He enjoys the only book - " Newest recipes The Vienna Clinic for 1881 ". New Orrey Efimovich offend the New Orrey Efimovich. The new doctor secretly envies the old one and willingly walked his place.
Once at the end of March, Bosoy Joysheka asks Andrei Efimovich a penny. With a mixed sense of pity and squeamishness, the doctor asks Nikita to give Moses boots. Ivan Dmitrievich calls Dr. Gadina and the Palace, Charlatan, says that it is necessary to kill him, claims that hundreds of crazy walked on freedom, and several unfortunate must deny for everyone in Chamber No. 6.
Andrei Efimovich advises Ivan Dmitrievich to flee, but himself agrees that it is useless. Self-talking with Ivan Dmitrievich very much like the doctor. He decides that he is very clever and interesting person, decides to visit him more often.
The next day, Ivan Dmitrievich confesses to the doctor that he accepted him for the spy. He accuses Dr. in bravery, laziness, connivorce.
Andrei Efimovich begins to go to Chamber number 6 every day. Dr. Guobot once cares for his colleague over a conversation with a crazy and soon persuades the paramedichera overheard these conversations with him. After listening to the "philosophizing" Andrei Efimovich, they both come to the thought that the doctor is not in himself.
Andrei Efimovich notes that the attitude towards him surrounding changes. All hints advise him to quit drinking. Under the favorable pretext, he is called to the city government, where they ask innocuous issues at first glance. Coming out of the board, Andrei Efimovich guess that it was a commission designed to examine his mental health. In the evening, the postmaster comes to him and invites you to go with him abroad.
A week later, Andrei Efimovich was offered to resign. Together with a friend, he goes to Moscow, where the mailmaster behaves "in Barquish". The doctor annoys his friend. They go to Warsaw, where the postmaster loses 500 rubles, lens them from a doctor, who has only 86 rubles left after that. Upon returning, the doctor has to change habits: no work, he has no money. He is unable to resume contact with Ivan Dmitrievich, since the state of the latter deteriorates. Andrei Efimovich must everyone. Rare visits of the colleagues of the Trunk and the Feldscher are annoyed. The postmaster sympathizes him, but does not give money. One day, the postmaster and hobots are visiting Andrei Efimovich. The postmaster as usual is joking, and even promises to marry Andrei Efimovich. That unexpectedly annoyed and with indignation kits guests. Left alone, repents in his act. Another morning goes to the postmaster and apologizes in front of him. Epolemaster seriously suggests him to do his illness. Doctor assures that he is not sick. In the evening, Guobots comes to Andrei Efimovich and suddenly invites him to a consigneium to the hospital.
Andrei Efimovich turns out to be in the House number 6. Nikita takes his dress. Ivan Dmitrievich mockingly calls for his "poflocopy", and the former doctor recognizes that he fully fell in spirit. Andrei Efimovich tries to go out, but Nikita is severely beating him.
The next morning Andrei Efimovich flows into apathy, does not respond to questions, does not respond to visitors. In the evening he dies from the apoplexic strike.
