One of the most important works in the construction of a frame building is considered to be the laying of insulation. Only with the correct and high-quality thermal insulation can heat escape through the enclosing structures be prevented, as well as reduce heating costs. In our article we will try to answer in detail the question of which insulation is better for frame house: walls, floor and roof.
It should be noted that the final choice of thermal insulation material will depend on the preferences and financial capabilities of the owner of a country house or apartment.
One of the most popular heat insulators in the domestic market is foam. Such products have a lot of advantages, for example:
The disadvantages of foam include:
Mineral wool is considered the most common thermal insulation for insulating frame country houses. Such products are supplied to hardware stores in the form of solid rectangular pressed plates. The material is cut well with a sharp knife or hand saw, which allows you to quickly create pieces of the desired size.
The main advantages of this material are:
Minvata is the best option for insulating a frame structure Also, a big plus of the material is the ability to "breathe at home". The disadvantage of the material is the loss of properties after moisture ingress, therefore the plates are protected from water by waterproofing.
Note! For the manufacture of mineral wool, natural stone is used, for example, basalt. After melting the rock, fibers are obtained, which churn into slabs or mats. Such products are not afraid of exposure to high temperatures and fire.
The oldest type of insulation is glass wool. The material in question is produced from waste from the glass industry and broken glass, dolomite, limestone or sand.
Products end up in hardware stores in the form of rolls or slabs. The advantages of glass wool can be considered:
The disadvantage of a heat insulator is the loss of properties under the influence of moisture, so the boards must be protected from water ingress with a plastic film. You also need to use special means(rubber gloves, respirator, goggles) when working with such products.
The first place among heaters in terms of environmental safety should be given to ecowool. According to experts, cellulose is considered the main raw material for such a product. Such insulation is not afraid of moisture, but requires special equipment for embedding into the wall cavity.
With the dry method of laying, the substance is tamped between the joints of the frame house. Other disadvantages of the material can be considered the high cost, the need for insulation work by highly qualified specialists.
One of better ways wall insulation of a frame house is considered to be the use of penoizol or polyurethane foam. To obtain a working solution, two components are used, which, when mixed in a special device, fill all the cells on the surface of the frame house.
Penoizol has good thermal insulation characteristics, but a similar composition is applied with the participation of specialists. The price of polyurethane foam is quite high, so not everyone will be able to afford this method of insulating a house.
One of the simplest and most affordable methods of insulation is considered to be the use of sawdust. To prepare a working solution, wood particles are mixed with cement or other binding agent, as well as antiseptics that prevent decay processes.
A mixture of sawdust and cement is used for floor or ceiling insulation. This method has certain disadvantages. This is the laboriousness of the work, low efficiency, the possibility of material sagging when laying inside the walls.
Many developers are trying to determine which thermal insulation - Park or Rockwool, has the best technical characteristics. If many user reviews on the Internet point to Park, then in our article we will provide a comparison of these two products.
| Characteristic | Park | Rockwool |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity | 0.036 w / mk | 0.036 w / mk |
| Water vapor permeability index | 0.55 mg / ppm | 0.3 mg / ppm |
| Maximum density | 35 kg / m³: | 35 kg / m³: |
| Fire resistance | Incombustible | Incombustible |
| Overall dimensions of products | 1.2 * 0.6 m | 1 * 0.6m |
| Total area of slabs in one package | 10.08m2 | 6m2 |
| The cost of packaging with a product thickness of 5 centimeters | 800 rubles | 550 rubles |
| Price m3 of thermal insulation | 1600 rbl | 1800 rbl |
Note! Despite similar technical characteristics, the Parkok mineral wool has no tendency to shrink, which cannot be said about Rockwool thermal insulation. In addition, this material has a lower cost.
The structure of a frame house needs high-quality insulation. Next, we will describe how work is carried out to insulate the walls, floor and roof of the building.
Note! According to experts, the walls of a frame house should be insulated with mineral wool. A 5 centimeter layer of this material in terms of thermal conductivity is equal to 60 centimeters of brickwork.
As we have already said, such products are afraid of moisture, therefore, the plates must be protected from condensation and water-saturated air using vapor barrier films and special membranes. The insulation in question is attached between the vertical guides of the crate, which are installed every 59 centimeters, with a slab width of 60 cm.
Thermal insulation materials are laid in several layers, depending on the thickness of the frame guides, and the joints of each row of plates should be at different heights. It also takes into account another layer of mineral wool located on the outside of the building.
To lay the thermal insulation, wooden blocks 5 centimeters thick are nailed to the frame in a horizontal position. The distance between the guides for high-quality joining of the plates should be 59 centimeters.
Laying insulation on walls At the next stage of work, the mats are laid from the outside, after which the insulation is protected from external negative influences with a windproof film. The membrane is attached to the wooden blocks using staple staples, the joints of the film are sealed with tape. In the future, wooden blocks with a cross section of 5 * 5 centimeters will be stuffed on the surface of the walls with a windproof film to form a ventilation gap. At the final stage of work, finishing material will be attached to these guides.
Now let's move on to the internal insulation of a frame house. Here the guide bars are positioned vertically. For insulation, you can use mats of various thicknesses, for example, 5 and 10 centimeters with a frame support thickness of 15 centimeters. As we have already said, the joints of the mineral wool slabs must be at different levels, so the material is cut and overlapped by the next row of thermal insulation. Total: the thickness of all layers of insulation is at least 20 cm.
Diagram of the pie of cross-warming of a frame house After filling the space between the frame posts, a high-quality vapor barrier is nailed to the wooden bars. In this case, the rough side of the film should be oriented towards the interior of the room. Next, the same wooden blocks with a cross section of 5 * 5 centimeters are nailed to the racks to form an internal ventilation gap. Further, the finishing material will be fixed on these guides.
Note! The rough surface of the vapor barrier film protects the insulation from moisture ingress. Water droplets will accumulate on the bumps in the material.
Warming is carried out in a similar way interior partitions... In this case, mineral wool is used as sound insulation. Here, instead of a vapor barrier, glassine is used.
Nuances of wall insulation:
When insulating the floor in frame building by lags, the structure is conventionally divided into two types: finishing and rough. At the initial stage of work, rough boards are mounted on wooden beams, which are pre-treated with antiseptics. Such materials need to be fitted as closely as possible to each other, which will prevent the penetration of cold air.
To prevent the penetration of rodents, they are fixed on top of the boards metal mesh with a small cell, then a windproof film, which is attached to the logs with a stapler or small nails. The mineral wool slabs can now be laid. The joints between the specified materials are fastened with polyurethane foam.
Note! When laying mineral wool between the clean floor and the insulation plates, a gap of 3-5 centimeters is left, which will facilitate the removal of moisture from the thermal insulation.
The main material for insulating the roof of a frame house is mineral wool. Similar work is carried out in cases of the presence of a residential attic floor. At the initial stage of work, it is necessary to inspect roof structure, treat the tree with an antiseptic.
Now they begin to install the crate from the inside of the rafters, nailing boards every 20-30 centimeters. Mineral wool slabs are laid on the outside in several layers.
Note! When installing thermal insulation, make sure that the products are sealed at the joints. Leaving gaps in thermal insulation is not recommended.
At the next stage of work, a waterproofing film is fixed on the outside of the rafters so that the material can pass water vapor in only one direction - up. The panels are joined with an overlap of 15 centimeters, after which the products are additionally fastened with tape.
For effective insulation between the membrane and mineral wool leave an air gap of 2-5 centimeters. For its formation, wooden blocks of the required thickness are used.
The film is nailed with staples or thin wooden slats with small nails. At the location of the ridge, several ventilation holes... Now the vapor barrier is fixed and the roofing material is laid. The inner cladding is made from a block house, wooden lining or plywood sheets.
Even before starting construction, it is very important to choose a high-quality insulation for a frame house. After all, low-quality material negates all the advantages of an economical design and will not maintain the temperature in the building. It is difficult to choose the best among the variety of market offers. Explore all the options available and compare their advantages and disadvantages.
Even a professional builder will not be able to immediately tell which insulation is best for a frame house. The material should correspond to the climatic zone and the type of the house, to match the thickness and cladding of the walls. Some people prefer to sheathe the house with foam, others - with mineral wool or other materials. It is not worth saving on insulation, since without it the wooden house will be cold.
Polyfoam is a very popular insulation. Thermal insulation of a frame house with polystyrene foam has many advantages:
But foam also has its drawbacks, which force many to abandon it, despite the cheapness of this material. It is flammable, has minimal sound insulation and is very fragile.
When choosing foam, you should take into account the density... If you need to sheathe a frame structure with an area of 6 sq. meters, you need to purchase 3 cubic meters. m of foam with a thickness of 100 mm.
Another popular insulation for a frame house is mineral wool. The demand for it is growing because it is very comfortable material, presented in the form of compressed rectangular plates. Plates are not only easy to install, but also easy to cut. To get a piece of the desired shape and size, just use a knife or saw.
For the production of mineral wool, blast-furnace slags or basalt are used, which are thermally processed and pressed. Due to the fibrous structure, the insulation retains air, which creates a barrier to cold air and does not allow it to enter the room.
The following material advantages are distinguished:
Some people do not buy mineral wool because it is not environmentally friendly and to some extent toxic. The material contains small harmful particles that can penetrate inside respiratory tract and cause disease. Therefore, you need to work with insulation carefully. And in order for the mineral wool to not have a bad effect on the health of the residents of the house in the future, it is recommended to sheathe it from the inside with a vapor barrier film.
If moisture enters this insulation, it will begin to collapse. This will lead to a loss of thermal insulation properties and even the beginning of decay. To avoid this, it is necessary to frame house make not only the thermal insulation of the walls, but also install a special waterproofing layer outside... It will make it impossible for moisture to enter the heat-insulating layer from the outside.
Walls are insulated with mineral wool as follows:
Similarly, a frame wooden house is insulated outside. But instead of a vapor barrier layer, a special waterproofing membrane is pulled over the mineral wool.
Using mineral wool, you need to be puzzled by the question of what density the insulation should be for the walls of a frame house. Usually it is sufficient to use 25-30 kg. per sq. m. It is important that the material holds its shape, does not shrink under its own weight, so that there are no gaps in the thermal insulation in the wall. If possible, it is better to play it safe and use material with a density of up to 50 kg. per sq. m.
So, if you correctly install the thermal insulation layer with mineral wool, this insulation will be one of the best and most profitable options for a frame house.
This is another fibrous material that tops the rating of the main insulation for a frame house. Glass wool is obtained by melting waste glass, soda, sand, dolomite and borax. sold in slabs or in rolls.
The material is quite nasty on contact, since glass fragments crumble, their suspension is in the air. Therefore, when working with glass wool, you need to use glasses, a respirator and gloves to protect your eyes and skin.
Despite this disadvantage, glass wool has a number of undeniable advantages:
This type of insulation for frame houses excellent thermal insulation characteristics... And toxic substances are not released into the air even in case of a strong fire. Besides, glass wool is a very cheap option, so many people choose it.
When insulating a room with glass wool, it is worth sheathing it from the outside with a windproof film. This will maximize the preservation of heat inside the building, and also exclude the dispersion of glass dust in the air.
- a more modern high-quality and environmentally friendly insulation, which is used in the construction of frame houses. It is made from cellulose.
Material features:
Despite these advantages, ecowool is not an ideal insulation for frame houses. Firstly, it is very expensive, and secondly, the installation must be carried out by specialists. They are needed not only for installation works, but also for calculating the thickness of the insulation, taking into account the thermal insulation requirements. Professionals will come to the facility, take measurements and calculate how much ecowool needs to be purchased.
(it is also called penoizol) is made from two components, the mixing of which allows you to get a reliable insulation with excellent characteristics. As a result, foam is formed, which can be poured into all the cracks in the frame house. Thanks to this, all with the structure of the insulation becomes monolithic, single. Installation of polyurethane foam is somewhat similar to working with polyurethane foam.
Polyurethane foam, or penoizol, has high thermal insulation properties, which many heaters do not have. But in order to fill it, you need to have certain skills and abilities. Therefore, you will have to call professionals for installation, since you cannot cope with this with your own hands.
Penoizol is quite expensive in terms of cost. This means that for those who are looking for an effective, but a budget option insulation, you will need to choose other materials.
Clay mortar will be the best insulation for a frame house for the owner who chooses exclusively natural materials. Clay is not used in its pure form, but together with straw. The advantage of clay walls is that they don't need a vapor barrier. Clay maintains a comfortable microclimate in the house absorbing excess moisture from the air and releasing it if the air becomes dry.
The most important thing is to choose clay with the required fat ratio. If there is a small fat content, you will not get the desired grip.
To determine the fat content, roll a ball of clay and clamp it between the boards. If the ball has cracks that have destroyed it by 50%, sand must be added to the solution. The ideal composition of clay plaster disintegrates by 30% under pressure. If the ball has scattered at all, it means that it is completely unsuitable for further use.
There is no ideal recipe for how to make clay mortar for. In the process of its production, clay, water, lime, sawdust, cement and sand are used in different proportions, depending on the situation.
How to apply clay plaster to straw walls is described in the video.
Fiberboard insulation is made from wood chips, which are dried, they begin to be pressed, bringing to the appearance of a plate. Portland cement or magnesia salt is added to the chips in parallel for binding. In order for the material not to lose its thermal insulation characteristics, it is necessary to additionally make waterproofing. Fiberboard is ideal for interior ceilings and walls.
The popularity of fiberboard is growing every year, since this material has excellent characteristics:
What if you want to save as much as possible on construction, but there is no way to get cheap insulation? You can use ordinary sawdust. Of course, an appropriate solution must be prepared from them. This requires lime, cement, antiseptic.
Sawdust insulation is prepared as follows:
The resulting solution is placed in the area between the beams or beams. More often sawdust is used for floor insulation, but they can also be used for walls. Moreover, the mixture sprinkle in small portions, tamping them strongly.
Despite the availability, sawdust as insulation has many disadvantages:
It is possible to increase the efficiency of the insulation if you additionally use expanded clay.
So, there are a lot of materials, so it is difficult to say which is the best insulation for thermal insulation of a frame house. All considered options differ in characteristics, cost and appearance. Some have a limited scope, while others have a high cost, the need to attract professionals, and low environmental friendliness.
It is necessary to weigh which characteristics are priority and make the final choice. For example, according to the author of this article, basalt stone wool- the best insulation for the walls of a frame house. Perhaps you can be helped by tips from a video, the authors of which have tested products from different manufacturers.
In the panel houses of summer residence, the "lightest" version, a beam with a section of 10x10 cm is used for the supporting frame of the walls. If expanded polystyrene is used as a filling of the cavities, then you do not need to worry about additional thermal insulation - the PSP with a thickness of 10 cm in thermal conductivity is similar to the gas silicate block D500-D600 width 375-400 mm. The question of how to insulate a panel house for winter living arises only if mineral wool is laid inside the wall - this thickness is not enough for Russian frosts. Even for frame walls made of 150x100 timber with mineral wool inside, additional insulation will be required. But besides the walls, there is also the floor, ceiling and attic, which also cannot be ignored if the house is transferred to year-round living.
This is how the internal insulation of frame-panel walls looks like Source otdelka-expert.ru
A panel house on a wooden frame is not a log house made of a log or a bar. In this case, there is no need to talk about the breathable properties (gas permeability) of the walls. First, a vapor barrier is laid from the inside in a continuous layer. Secondly, the vapor permeability of plywood or OSB boards, with which the frame is sheathed, is very low. Therefore, for external insulation, you can use those materials that are not used for wooden houses:
expanded polystyrene;
EPPS (extruded polystyrene foam);
sprayed thermal insulation based on two-component or one-component polyurethane foam.
We will dwell in more detail on the insulation of the house with polystyrene foam. Find out how safe polystyrene foam is in our video:
But most often they choose mineral wool. And to be more precise - stone (basalt) wool. And although the thermal conductivity of stone wool is approximately one and a half times higher than that of polystyrene (thermal insulation properties are just as worse), it belongs to non-combustible substances - to the NG group. Of course, there are no fire hazard and fire resistance requirements for low-rise single-family houses (up to two floors inclusive) (clause 6.5.6 of SP 2.13130), but if the frame house is insulated with non-combustible materials, then this will not be superfluous.
Mineral wool cannot be ignited even with a flame gas burner Source krovlyakryshi.ru
It is easy to compensate for the lower thermal insulation properties due to the thickness. External insulation is not internal, and a few extra centimeters of insulation mean nothing. It is necessary to insulate with rigid mats - roll materials in vertical structures "move out" over time. And you have to choose between a thickness of 5 cm and 10 cm. For central Russia, provided that 10 cm thick mineral wool is already laid inside the walls, an additional 5 cm of the heat-insulating layer is enough. Plus the thickness of the double-sided wall cladding, interior decoration and front panels.
But if the budget allows, you can lay a layer 10 cm thick.
How to insulate a frame house for winter living:
from the surface of the outer walls it is necessary remove "extraneous" objects- ebbs, cornices, canopies, mounting brackets for lighting fixtures and attachments;
remove the old finish- dismantle the casing, clean the paintwork;
execute markings for lathing taking into account the width of the insulation mats;
process all wooden elements of the crate with an antiseptic;
mount lathing from a bar with a height equal to the thickness of the insulation;
The vertical lathing for external insulation of the pediment and walls does not have to coincide with each other. The main thing is that the step matches the width of the mats.
fix insulation between the crate;
lay in a continuous layer, with overlapping fabrics, super diffusion waterproofing membrane, fix it to the crate;
to fill a bar of counter-lattice, which should provide a ventilation gap and serve as an attachment point facade panels(the height of the timber must be at least 6 cm - this is the minimum size of the ventilation gap);
sheathe the facade siding, block house or any other finishing materials for a ventilated facade.
Important! Even before insulation, it is necessary to replace the windows with the "winter" version. It is also necessary to insulate the entrance group - to equip a small vestibule and install a second entrance door.
Additional insulation panel house can be carried out along the horizontal lathing, and the counter lattice to create a ventilated gap and fasten the sheathing can be made vertical.
Visually about the creation of counter-lattice and fastening the sheathing in the following video:
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer a house insulation service. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.
Full-fledged insulation of the panel house from the outside will require work on the thermal insulation of the basement for the strip base or pick-up for the pile foundation.
According to experts, the house through the foundation loses up to 10-15% of the total heat losses due to the rather high thermal conductivity of reinforced concrete or building blocks (depending on what the basement is made of). And this phenomenon must also be fought.
It looks like this general scheme heat loss through enclosing surfaces Source valet.ru
In this case, it is better to choose EPS for insulation. It is difficult to protect mineral wool near the ground from moisture as part of a "wet" facade (especially a hinged one). Extruded polystyrene foam has a very low coefficient of water absorption, and can even successfully perform waterproofing functions.
How to insulate a panel house for winter living according to the "wet facade" technology:
prepare plinth surface- cleaned of dirt, if necessary, level it cement mortar, treated with a primer for deep penetration concrete;
fasten on the slab glue, additionally fixed with mechanical fasteners;
apply a layer adhesive solution, reinforce with a mesh, pressing it into the solution, level the surface;
lining the base tiles made of artificial or natural stone.
If the finishing is carried out with basement siding or fiber cement panels, then the insulation has following diagram:
prepare surface;
mount brackets for lathing;
fix the plates- glue plus mechanical fasteners;
seams blown out with foam;
mounted on brackets vertical crate from a galvanized profile;
sheathed lathing with panels;
close from above the base with an ebb.
Insulation of the basement with EPS boards and cladding with panels for a stone Source homesto.ru
To insulate the foundations of the house on a pile foundation, a small wall is built that closes the space under the house. This type of base is called a pick-up. There are two options for this design:
small self-supporting wall made of bricks, building blocks or rubble stone, standing on its own shallow foundation;
arrangement around the perimeter pile foundation frame made of wooden beam or profile, followed by cladding with basement siding, fiber cement panels for stone or brick.
Both versions of the basement of the pile foundation are usually insulated from the inside. To do this, use either EPS or sprayed polyurethane foam (rodents like to settle in ordinary foam).
This is an insulated subfloor of a panel house on a pile foundation Source rumydom.ru
But the thermal insulation of the basement does not exclude the work on floor insulation.
Floor insulation is already a technology for insulating a panel house from the inside. From the point of view of heating technology, the insulated floor wooden house Is a single-layer structure that simultaneously performs load-bearing and heat-insulating functions. There is different variants arrangement of a warm floor of a panel house, but they all come down to a thin-layer sheathing of a supporting wooden frame, inside which are placed thermal insulation materials... And in order to protect the insulation from moisture and water vapor, it must be protected with continuous layers of vapor and waterproofing.
There are certain differences in the insulation of the floors of an apartment building and a private house. In an apartment building, the floor insulation must be protected from water vapor penetration from below, from the side of another heated apartment. And here the vapor barrier is spread over the ceiling (from below with respect to the insulation).
In a panel house, the partial pressure of water vapor in the warm air inside the building is higher than in the cold air from the side of the pile or strip foundation. Therefore, the vapor-impermeable barrier must be on the side flooring.
One of the possible schemes for the device of the insulated floor. Regardless of the materials of the flooring and the subfloor filing, the order of layers does not change Source abisgroup.ru
There are different options for arranging an insulated wooden floor, but the principle is common to all, and the circuit looks like this:
boards rough floor;
continuous layer of waterproofing membrane;
insulation;
solid vapor barrier layer;
fine floor.
Important! The moisture from the insulation should be eroded into the underground, and from there through the vents to the street.
There are two standard schemes for insulating a panel house from the roof side: a cold attic and an attic (or combined roof).
In this case, there is no insulation in the roof structure. Warming is carried out on a wooden floor.
This is a standard cold attic insulation scheme from the Hexa company, the manufacturer of insulation materials Izospan Source neanderthals.ru
It is important to observe here following conditions:
The vapor barrier is attached on the surface of the false ceiling from the side of the room. It must protect not only the insulation, but also the load-bearing floor beams along with the draft ceiling. Otherwise, wooden structural elements will be moistened by exposure to vapors in warm air, and evaporation of excess moisture from them outside the room will be blocked by a vapor barrier.
As a vapor barrier, choose films with anti-condensation properties... These are two- or three-layer polymeric materials with a rough (fleecy) surface, which is turned towards the room. They are able to partially retain condensate, up to the appearance of conditions for its weathering.
Insulation is laid on the hemmed ceiling between the load-bearing floor beams.
Lay on top of the insulation waterproofing superdiffusion membrane.
If the height of the floor beams is insufficient to form a ventilated gap above the insulation, then they are stuffed with counter battens spacer bars... And the attic floor boards are already attached to them.
There are two options for how to insulate a frame house for winter living by insulating the attic: this is the insulation of the roof or the contour of the dwelling.
Insulation of the contour of a residential attic (attic) can also have different options. For example, as in this diagram - with roof insulation from the cornice to the upper trim Source pinterest.com
But in any case, from the side of the roof on the rafters, in front of the crate (or solid flooring), a waterproofing membrane must be installed.
For a metal roof, a gap between the waterproofing and the roofing is required so that condensation can drain onto the drip, and moisture can be eroded from the under-roof space. If the vapor permeability of the membrane is low, then there should be a ventilation gap between it and the insulation for weathering water vapor from the mineral wool.
Insulating the entire roof is easier than cutting out the attic warm contour... Especially if the house is small.
It looks like a diagram of an insulated roof Source stroyfora.ru
The entire roof is insulated as follows:
Between the rafters lay mats mineral wool. If the step of the rafters is greater than the width of the mat, then an additional crate is mounted. If less, the mats are trimmed. But in any case, the width of the mats should be 5 cm less than the pitch of the rafters.
Over the insulation to the rafter legs (and the crate) fixed with a continuous layer of vapor barrier... These can be materials with anti-condensation or reflective properties. The strips are laid with an overlap, both horizontally and when building up along the length. All joints and abutments to structural elements are fixed with self-adhesive vapor-tight tape. The anti-condensation or reflective surface must face the attic.
For creating a gap(and fastening the sheathing sheathing) a wooden block is nailed to the rafters.
You can only insulate the part of the roof that limits the attic itself. The insulation is laid from the line of the attachment points of the racks to the rafters, and so that it does not slip, a horizontal strut is mounted between the rafter legs. At the top, the border of the warm perimeter can run along the ridge or along the line of attachment of the upper harness. Top strapping in this case it serves as load-bearing beams for the attic ceiling.
Two schemes for insulating the attic contour - without a ceiling and with a ceiling Source lateres.ru
If the attic has a ceiling, then it is insulated according to the “cold attic” scheme.
The walls of the attic are insulated in this way:
from the roof side to the pillars fix the skin;
insulation laid between the racks;
fastened to the racks vapor barrier;
stuffed on the racks distance bar(to form a gap between the vapor barrier and the inner lining), the same bar serves as a counter-lattice for the attic lining.
Demonstration video on attic insulation:
Insulating a panel house for winter living is not an easy undertaking. Only the correct choice of materials and adherence to technology can guarantee that the expected effect will correspond to reality. Mistakes can lead to the fact that the first heating season will pass successfully, and during the next heat-insulating materials will partially lose their properties.
The costs of building a frame house, in comparison with concrete structures, look more pragmatic, and the level of heat loss directly depends on the insulation that fills the voids of the walls and floor. In addition, most of the materials in parallel have other properties (fire resistance, sound insulation, moisture resistance, etc.).
The review presents the best insulation materials used in the construction of frame structures. for various purposes... The rating is formed on the basis of the characteristics of these products and the opinions of professional builders who have been working with a certain group of heaters for more than one year. The reviews of the owners were also taken into account, in which invaluable experience of operating a certain material over a long period of time is transmitted.
High environmental friendliness
Average price: 243 rubles. (0.07 m³)
Rating (2019): 4.5
Lightweight porous clay granules are quite suitable for insulation, although they are in less demand (due to the high price) than mineral wool. Carried out according to a special technique, backfilling of frame walls is used much less often than insulation with expanded clay of the floor and ceiling ceilings. This is due to the thermal conductivity of the material (no more than 0.14 W / m * K). To provide better thermal insulation, a layer of 150 mm is required, which is not entirely advisable.
Since this insulation has the ability to absorb moisture and is not very willing to part with it, the inefficiency of the installed vapor barrier materials significantly reduces the thermal conductivity. The simple technology of use and the low price of expanded clay attracts the owners of frame houses who plan to assemble it on their own. In the reviews of those who have already used this insulation, the need is noted the right choice density and fractions, which, in turn, significantly depend on the performance of the material.
Affordable cost. High thermal insulation characteristics
Average price: 166 rubles. (0.12 m³)
Rating (2019): 4.7
Possessing the best thermal insulation properties, slag wool is used to insulate walls, roofs and floors in frame buildings. Although the material cannot boast of environmental friendliness, it is very popular, which is largely determined by its special properties. Insulation is made from slag waste from metallurgy, it has a low cost, and at the same time, it is practically not inferior in terms of thermal insulation characteristics to more expensive counterparts. A light weight material and ease of cutting allow performing insulation work on any surface.
The hygroscopicity of this insulation is not an obstacle to its use for the thermal insulation of a frame house - you just need to provide high-quality vapor barrier. Subject to all the recommendations regarding the installation of slag wool, it can last a fairly long period of time - at least 50 years. Negative reviews indicate the presence on the market of a low-quality product made in violation of technology and in artisanal conditions. Buying this construction material from a trusted supplier, there is no doubt that this insulation provides all the declared characteristics.
Durability. Lowest thermal conductivity
Average price: 2155 rub. (0.25 m³)
Rating (2019): 4.8
Judging by the reviews, foam glass has the best insulating and energy-saving properties. To insulate the walls of a frame house, the block form of this material is predominantly chosen. Its use makes it possible to exclude an additional layer of vapor barrier, since this insulation has an increased resistance to moisture. Among other things, foam glass demonstrates the best indicators of strength and durability, which guarantees a high level of comfort in any weather conditions for 100 years.
Choosing this insulation for the house, the owners, first of all, are guided by the indicators of safety and thermal conductivity, which are some of the best in foam glass. This material is non-flammable, absolutely environmentally friendly, biologically stable, and the coefficient of heat conservation is only 0.04 W / m * K. Many people see the only drawback as too high a price. Nevertheless, the owners, when building new frame-type structures, are increasingly making a choice in favor of this insulation.
The most popular insulation
Average price: 549 rub. (0.375 m³)
Rating (2019): 4.9
Glass wool is also widely used in construction. The choice of this insulation is primarily due to its affordable cost and the best technical characteristics that provide the necessary comfortable living conditions. The only drawback of this material, judging by the reviews, is its "prickly", but if the recommendations for use are followed, all unwanted moments can be avoided. Glass wool is easy to fit along the logs in the process of warming interfloor ceilings, and in frame walls it fills all voids qualitatively, leaving no room for heat loss.
The low coefficient of thermal conductivity of this insulation guarantees maximum satisfaction of the requirements laid down in the concept of comfortable housing. When erecting a frame house, an important factor when choosing is the incombustibility of materials, and one of the characteristics of glass wool is just its high fire resistance. At the same time, pests (rodents) and microorganisms are not able to survive in the space filled with this insulation. Given the ability of glass wool to absorb moisture, the most serious should be taken to the device of steam and waterproofing - the service life of this material directly depends on the quality of these works.
Better moisture resistance. Long operational cycle
Average price: 890 rubles. (0.576 m³)
Rating (2019): 5.0
It is considered one of the most popular insulation materials used in the arrangement of a frame house. Its basis is a variety of rocks and rocks, including basalt. This material is characterized by increased strength and better resistance to fire, which guarantees excellent fire safety. Basalt wool has a low thermal conductivity, which minimizes losses and significantly reduces heating costs.
Since basalt wool is not able to absorb moisture, it is the best choice for filling the skeleton of the house. This material is very simple and easy to install, which is confirmed in their reviews by users who have independently insulated walls and floors with stone wool. Also, the environmental friendliness of the insulation, its biological and chemical resistance, as well as the invariability of the initial properties during the entire service life (at least 50 years) are noted.
Modern heaters, although they differ in a number of advantages, are still less environmentally friendly compared to heaters on a natural basis, and also require additional costs for the installation of forced ventilation systems.
Unique reflective characteristics. High coefficient of thermal resistance
Average price: RUB 400 (9 m² at a thickness of 10 mm)
Rating (2019): 4.3
Rolled composite material has a high reflective effect and is used in frame houses mainly for insulation of ceilings and floors, and for thermal insulation of walls, its use is advisable only in combination with another material (the same polystyrene or stone wool). At the same time, penofol also provides sound insulation, does not emit harmful substances and has a high coefficient of thermal resistance. Besides this material is so easy to install that it does not cause any difficulties at all during self-installation.
In the reviews, the owners point to its practicality - with a small thickness, penofol significantly enhances the effectiveness of the insulation used together with it due to a layer of aluminum foil and polyethylene with bubbles of inert gas frozen in it, which does not conduct heat at all. The ability to reflect not only heat waves, but also radio signals, as well as some types of other radiation, is noted. Among the whole variety of materials for thermal insulation, these properties are only found in penofol, which, together with an acceptable price, only contributes to its popularity in the building materials market.
Long service life. High material efficiency
Average price: 247 rubles. (0.45 l)
Rating (2019): 4.5
Filling of frame walls with polyurethane foam occurs by spraying, and if it were not for the high cost of the material, it would have easily ousted from the market most heaters. Good insulating properties, resistance to fire, pathogenic microorganisms, long service life (at least 50 years) - these are just some of the advantages of this insulation.
Given the absolute resistance to moisture, the walls of a residential building should be insulated in parallel with the installation of ventilation systems. Unique indicators of thermal conductivity (from 0.019 to 0.03 W / m * K) allow not only to significantly save on heating the premises in the winter, but also prevent the penetration of summer heat into the house. The best efficiency has been proven by many years of operating experience by owners from different regions. And judging by their reviews, this insulation is worth the money spent on its installation.
Best editing speed
Average price: 925 rub. (0.5 m³)
Rating (2019): 4.6
This material is one of the fastest insulation materials - with the well-coordinated work of the brigade, the frame walls of the house, including interfloor ceilings, can be easily insulated within one day. The advantage of penoizol is that the monolith fills absolutely all cavities and, after hardening, acquires high thermal insulation properties that will serve the owner for more than a dozen years, since the material is located in the space between the walls and is completely protected from the influence of external factors.
Based on the feedback from the owners, even after five or more heating seasons that have passed after the installation of this insulation, there were no complaints about the properties of penoizol. System artificial ventilation with such insulation is a prerequisite for living quarters. Of course, the observance of the technology for obtaining the carbamide insulation and the quality of raw materials play a huge role, but with strict implementation of the regulations, the result is invariably positive.
High material efficiency
Average price: 1250 rubles. (5.6 m²)
Rating (2019): 4.8
XPS is most widely used as a material for insulating interfloor ceilings and the floor of the first floor. Its thermal conductivity allows you to effectively cut off the cold coming from the base of the building or the basement located under the residential floor. Its use is no less effective in the attic of the house. The seams between the plates are filled with polyurethane foam, which makes the insulation layer monolithic.
Reviews of owners who used XPS as thermal insulation indicate the high efficiency of the material - 50 mm thick slabs are similar in characteristics to 925 mm brickwork. Such performance indicators will not leave indifferent any owner, and the cost of this material (it is not the most affordable) against this background becomes a secondary matter. Supply and exhaust device is highly recommended. ventilation system... In its absence, the inner walls of the house will constantly become damp, since the material does not allow moisture to pass through at all.
The most popular insulation. Affordable price
Average price: 620 rubles. (0.4 m³)
Rating (2019): 5.0
One of the most convenient heaters to install is polystyrene, which also has all the characteristics necessary for high-quality thermal insulation. This material is distinguished by the most affordable price and a number of operational advantages, therefore it is quite often used to insulate the frames of private houses. It does not absorb moisture and does not change its original shape over time. Contrary to popular belief, polystyrene is not susceptible to rodent attacks, which is confirmed in their reviews by users who insulated the walls of their house several years ago and during the entire operation did not reveal such damage to the insulation layer.
For an optimal thermal insulation effect, you should follow all installation rules and take a responsible approach to the choice of the manufacturer of this insulation. High-quality foam must, among other things, meet the requirements fire safety, for which it is treated with a special substance - a fire retardant. Depending on what will be insulated - the floor or walls of a frame house, you should choose different density types of foam. Thermal insulation is carried out no less successfully with foam plastic crumbs. It is simply poured into the cavity of the structure. This material is practically devoid of vapor permeability, so living quarters must be equipped with an effective forced ventilation system.
The best cost of insulation
Average price: 81 rubles. (20 l)
Rating (2019): 4.5
This insulation has an obscenely affordable cost, which is why many treat it with quite high irony. In addition, sawdust can act as a wonderful habitat for both insects and field rodents, if you do not carry out a special antiseptic treatment of the material. The use of different fractions or wood pellets (after special processing) gives a low percentage of shrinkage and a high density of insulation. In this case, the absence of impurities and the moisture level of the building material should be monitored before filling the voids of the frame walls or floor with it.
In the reviews of the owners who have chosen this most affordable insulation, its high breathability, vapor permeability and low heat transfer are noted, depending on many factors, including the degree of filling the voids and tamping, as well as the type of wood from which the sawdust is actually made.
Withstands structural loads. The most durable
Average price: 1770 RUB (1.8 m² at a thickness of 100 mm)
Rating (2019): 4.7
This insulation is a versatile building material that, in addition to everything, provides good noise insulation properties, and also easily maintains the climatic equilibrium in the room. Made of wood wool and Portland cement, this modern composite material has gotten rid of the main drawback of eco-friendly insulation - poor fire resistance. A cubic meter of insulation weighs about 300 kg, which allows insulating not only the floor, but also the frame walls.
Despite the not the best thermal conductivity coefficient (0.063 W / m * K), the demand for fiberboard is steadily growing, since its other characteristics look more advantageous in comparison with other materials in this category. In the reviews of the owners, the durability and wear resistance of fiberboard is also noted. Due to its high rigidity, it can easily withstand structural loads, which can significantly reduce the cost of erecting a frame house.
Easy. The most fireproof material among natural insulation
Average price: 1120 RUB (3 m² at a thickness of 50 mm)
Rating (2019): 4.8
Technical cork, made of natural cork oak using the resin of the same tree, is one of the highest quality and environmentally friendly insulation materials. Agglomerate sheets are available in different thicknesses (10, 25, 50 and 100 mm), allowing you to choose the most suitable mats for walls, floors or ceilings. Due to the high cost of the material, it is rarely used to insulate frame structures. Mostly it goes for insulation flat roofs(simultaneously performing the role of finishing material) and floor.
In the reviews of the owners who preferred the cork agglomerate (in fact, a natural and ecologically flawless material), the high performance characteristics of the insulation are noted - it practically does not burn, and rodents bypass it. In addition, cork has high sound-absorbing properties (it is used for finishing professional recording studios) and does not bear a special load on the structure of the house - one cubic meter of sinter weighs no more than 130 kg. In addition, its thermal conductivity is 0.040 W / m * K, which favorably complements all the other advantages of the sinter.
The best modern insulation. Highest grade environmental safety
Average price: 2600 rubles. (0.5m³)
Rating (2019): 4.8
Modern material for insulation of walls, floors, roofs of houses, including frame houses, has excellent insulating properties and has a number of unsurpassed characteristics. Flaksan appeared relatively recently on the market, but has already become in demand among domestic developers of luxury housing. Unfortunately, its cost is such that not everyone can afford it. Nevertheless, its use in residential premises is most consistent with the requirements of eco-safety - it is recognized by the Dutch research institute NIBE as the best insulation with the highest environmental class 1 "A", since it does not have a negative impact on the people living in the room at all.
The thermal conductivity coefficient of a jute-bilge mat 100 mm thick is 0.034 W / m * K, which makes this material quite a worthy insulation for walls and floors of frame structures. Despite the fact that Flaksan belongs to highly flammable materials (category "G" 4), this has absolutely no effect on its steadily growing demand. In addition, in addition to thermal protection of the house, this material provides, judging by the reviews, a fairly good level of sound insulation, and also has a fairly decent service life without losing its characteristics - at least 75 years.
Provides self-regulation of the indoor climate. Best level of thermal insulation and acoustic comfort
Average price: 579 rubles. (15 kg)
Rating (2019): 5.0
Despite all its unpretentiousness (ecowool is made from recycled materials) and affordable cost, this insulation has one of the best thermal conductivity indicators - 0.042 W / m * K. It directly depends on the moisture that cellulose wool absorbs like a sponge. This material is applied by spraying a layer of the required thickness (this is much more economical in consumption), and for a frame structure it is one of the most preferred materials - ease of installation, the price of insulation and thermal insulation characteristics have a strong influence on the preferences of domestic developers.
In a frame house, using ecowool, you can also insulate the floors located on the logs. The ability to easily absorb and release moisture creates a self-regulating microclimate in the premises, ideal for a person, and especially for those suffering from various allergic manifestations. In some reviews, in addition to this feature and low thermal conductivity, excellent acoustic properties of ecowool are also noted. The insulation is capable of absorbing up to 63 dB of noise coming from the outside, providing residents of such a house with a level of luxury housing comfort.
The design of the frame wall is such that the frame elements serve only to impart rigidity and reliability to the entire structure; outdoor and inner lining serve as a facing material, protect the insulation from moisture and give the walls additional rigidity. Therefore, for the construction of a frame house, it is necessary to take care of the insulation of horizontal ceilings (floor, ceiling, interfloor floors) and walls (both load-bearing and partitions), to understand which insulation is better for a frame house. Before starting the design of the house, it is necessary to choose the material and method of insulation, because the entire construction technology and the location of the frame elements, cladding and the procedure for their installation will depend on this.
Before discussing each of the materials for insulation, it is necessary to figure out on what grounds one or another material can be considered good or bad.
Let's start our research with the oldest insulation material. Sawdust was used by our ancestors to insulate ceilings and floors near log cabins. In Finland, this material has also been used to insulate frame walls. Despite a good thermal conductivity coefficient and unconditional availability, environmental friendliness and low cost of sawdust, it also has a lot of disadvantages.
To eliminate such significant disadvantages, binders (to combat shrinkage and pests) and chemical additives (to combat mold) began to be added to this material. Clay or cement is usually used as binding elements, boric acid is added as an antiseptic (which is very harmful to humans in significant doses).
When insulating horizontal surfaces, sawdust with fillers is simply poured between the logs. In the case of wall insulation, it will be necessary to make the inner and outer cladding in stages, level by level, and pour the mixture into the cavity. What do Internet users say about this method of insulation?
Expanded clay is produced from clay under the influence of very high temperatures. For insulation frame structures expanded clay of both small and large fractions can be used. The material has a number of very important advantages: it is exceptional environmental friendliness with good thermal insulation performance, vapor permeability and resistance to high humidity while maintaining its properties. In addition, the insulation is non-flammable and does not attract rodents and pests.
It would seem that the ideal insulation option? But for proper insulation of a residential building, a layer with a thickness of at least 300 mm for the floor and at least 250 mm for the walls will be required. What will experts say about expanded clay as a heater?
A very tough statement, but this is exactly how they treat expanded clay. This material is usually used in combination with concrete, which makes the structure significantly heavier and deprives the walls and floor of the ability to breathe.
By its properties and appearance foam glass - very similar to expanded clay. It is made from quartz sand at very high temperatures. The material has all the advantages of expanded clay: environmental friendliness, resistance to moisture, insulated structures continue to breathe. It is an excellent free-flowing material for insulation of both horizontal and vertical surfaces. The only drawback is the very high price.
The availability of this product is also important. Not in every region you can find a manufacturer of high-quality insulation made of glass granules.
It can be divided into two large groups: basalt and fiberglass-based. Both materials have similar release forms and have almost identical properties. Basalt heaters are produced in the form of slabs, fiberglass can be produced both in the form of slabs and in rolls.
The main advantages of mineral insulation: excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation, incombustibility, absolute environmental friendliness (in the case of using fiberglass, it is important to use resin-free insulation), low cost and ease of installation, an excellent combination with a wooden frame and any cladding options, which allows the walls to breathe. The only drawback of these heaters is their low resistance to moisture. We have to install special construction membranes to remove vapors from the thickness of the material.
Heaters in the form of mats are considered universal for walls and horizontal ceilings. Roll materials are an excellent solution for horizontal slabs and low-pitched roofs.
Today, these materials are most often used to insulate frame structures. This is due to the advantages of these heaters and the traditions of Finnish housing construction, where this type of material is also used in most structures.
There are many manufacturers on the mineral insulation market, and the materials of each of them have different qualities. Let's evaluate the opinions of professionals and ordinary people.
Let's take a look at the largest portal for product reviews on the Internet - Otzovik. Consider the leading brands among mineral insulation materials.
A very common material for the construction of frame structures. For its production, recycling of materials from the pulp and paper industry is used. It is a free-flowing material of fine fractions. To prevent shrinkage, fiber is added to the ecowool, and to combat mold and pests - special antiseptics that are harmless to human health. By its properties, ecowool is very similar to wood. From this follows the high vapor permeability of the material, it is perfectly combined with the frame elements and any cladding options. The material practically does not shrink and does not lose its thermal insulation properties under the influence of moisture. All its advantages allowed it to gain wide demand in the Russian market of frame housing construction.
The materials have excellent thermal insulation properties. They are almost twice as good as mineral heaters in terms of thermal insulation. Low weight, resistance to increased moisture, complete absence of shrinkage during operation - all of these made these materials very common. Key disadvantages are: high fire hazard and full vapor permeability, which does not allow the frame to breathe.
Heaters based on polystyrene are widely used in the construction of frame houses from SIP panels. EPS slabs have independent rigidity, which makes it possible to build houses without a wooden frame. Polyurethane foam has identical properties and differs only in the method of insulation - the material is sprayed onto the surface to be insulated.
It is very difficult to make a final conclusion about the exceptional superiority of any material. Each of the heaters has advantages and disadvantages. But the significant use of mineral insulation and ecowool speaks of their superiority. Warming with vapor-proof materials harms the durability of the lumber used for the frame.
In the case of using bulk ecowool, it is perfect for insulating horizontal ceilings. Ecowool is supplied with uniform pressure between the logs. When insulating walls, you have to drill holes to supply ecowool to each cavity. Now you can find a lot of controversy on the Internet about whether ecowool is the best insulation, or is inferior to mineral counterparts.
