What ? Chiller is a refrigeration unit used for cooling and heating of liquid coolants in central systems Air conditioning, which can serve in suction installations or fan coils. Basically, the chiller for cooling water is used in production - cooled different equipment. In water better characteristics Compared with a mixture of glycol, so water work is more efficient.
A wide range of power makes it possible to use a chiller for cooling indoors of various sizes: from apartments and private houses to offices and hypermarkets. In addition, it is used in the food industry for and drinks, in the sports and health sphere - for cooling rollers and ice platforms, in pharmaceuticals - for cooling medicines.
There are the following main types of chillers:
The industrial chiller consists of three main elements: compressor, condenser and evaporator. The main task of the evaporator is a heat removal from the cooled object. For this purpose, water and refrigerant are passed through it. Zakuya, the refrigerant takes the energy from the liquid. As a result, water or any other coolant is cooled, and the refrigerator agent is heated and passes into a gaseous state. After that, the chipped refrigerator agent enters the compressor, where he acts on the winding of the compressor electric motor, contributing to cooling. There, hot steam is compressed, again heating to a temperature of 80-90 ºС. Here it is mixed with the oil from the compressor.
In the heated state, the freon enters the condenser, where the heated refrigeration agent is cooled by the flow of cold air. Then the final cycle occurs: the refrigerant of the heat exchanger falls into the supercooler, where its temperature is reduced, as a result of which the freon goes into a liquid state and is fed into the filter-desiccant. There he gets rid of moisture. The next point on the way of movement of the refrigerant is a thermal lifting gate, in which the pressure of freon decreases. After leaving the thermal shirt, the refrigerant is a couple low pressure in combination with liquid. This mixture is supplied to the evaporator, where the refrigerant boils back, turning into steam and overheating. Superheated couple leaves the evaporator, which is the beginning of a new cycle.
# 1 Compressor (Compressor)
The compressor has two functions in the refrigeration cycle. He compresses and moves a pair of refrigerant in a chiller. When compressing vapors, pressure and temperature increases. Next, the compressed gas enters where it is cooled and turns into a liquid, then the liquid enters the evaporator (at the same time its pressure and temperature decreases), where it boils, goes into a state of gas, thereby taking heat from water or fluid that passes through the evaporator Chiller. After that, the refrigerant pair come again to the compressor for repetition of the cycle.
# 2 Air Cooling Condenser (Air COOLED CONDENSER)
Condenser S. air cooled It is a heat exchanger where heat absorbed by the refrigerant is highlighted in the surrounding space. The condenser usually comes compressed gas - freon, which is cooled to and condensed, goes into the liquid phase. The centrifugal or axial fan feed the air flow through the condenser.
# 3 High Pressure Relay (High Pressure Limit)
Protects the system OT overpressure In the refrigerant circuit.
# 4 High Pressure Pressure Gauge (High Pressure Pressure Gauge)
Provides visual indication of refrigerant condensation pressure.
# 5 Liquid Receiver (Liquid Receiver)
Used to storing freon in the system.
# 6 Filter DRIER (Filter Drier)
The filter removes moisture, dirt, and other foreign materials from the refrigerant, which will hurt refrigeration system and reduce efficiency.
# 7 Solenoid Solenoid (Liquid Line Solenoid)
Solenoid valve - It is just an electrically controlled shut-off crane. It controls the refrigerant flow, which is closed when the compressor is stopped. This prevents the liquid refrigerant to enter the evaporator, which can cause hydrate. Hydroat can lead to serious damage to the compressor. The valve opens when the compressor is turned on.
# 8 Viewing Glass (Refrigerant Sight Glass)
Looking glass helps to observe the flow of a liquid refrigerant. Bubbles in the fluid flow indicate the lack of refrigerant. The humidity indicator provides a warning if the moisture enters the system, indicating that maintenance is required. The green indicator does not signal any moisture content. And the yellow signals of the indicator that the system is contaminated with moisture and requires maintenance.
# 9 thermostatic valve (Expansion Valve)
The thermostatic valve or TRV is a regulator, the position of the regulator (needle) of which is due to the temperature in the evaporator and the task of which is to regulate the amount of refrigerant supplied to the evaporator, depending on the overheating of the refrigerant vapor at the exit of the evaporator. Consequently, at any time he must serve only the amount of refrigerant in the evaporator, which, taking into account the current working conditions, can completely evaporate.
# 10 hot airpasse valve gas (Hot Gas Bypass Valve)
Hot Gas Bypass Valve (Performance Regulators) are used to bring the performance of the compressor to the actual load on the evaporator (installed in the bypass line between the low and high pressure sides of the cooling system). Hot gas bypass valve (not included in the standard cleaning of chillers) prevents the compressor shortly cycling by modulating the compressor power. When activating, the valve opens and repays the hot gas of the refrigerant from the discharge into the liquid flow of the refrigerant entering the evaporator. This reduces the efficient bandwidth of the system.
# 11 evaporator (Evaporator)
The evaporator is a device in which the liquid refrigerant boils, absorbing heat during evaporation, in the coolant passing through it.
# 12 Freon Low Pressure Pressure (Low Pressure Refrigerant Gauge)
Provides visual indication of refrigerant evaporation pressure.
# 13 Refrigerant Low Refrigerant Pressure Limit)
Protects the system from low pressure in the refrigerant circuit so that water does not frozen in the evaporator.
# 14 Cooling fluid pump (COOLANT PUMP)
Water circulation pump for cooled contour
# 15 freezing temperature limit (FreeZestat Limit)
Prevents freezing fluid in the evaporator
# 16 temperature sensor
Sensor that shows the temperature of the water in the cooling circuit
# 17 refrigerant pressure gauge (Coolant Pressure Gauge)
Provides a visual indication of the pressure of the coolant supplied to the equipment.
# 18 Automatic Tightening (Water Make-Up Solenoid)
It turns on when water in the tank is reduced below the permissible limit. The solenoid valve opens and fills at the container from the water supply to the desired level. Next, the valve closes.
# 19 Tank Level Float Switch (Reservoir Level Float Switch)
Float switch. Opened when the water level in the container is reduced.
# 20 Temperature Sensor 2 (from Process Sensor Probe)
The temperature sensor that shows the temperature of the heated water that returns from the equipment.
# 21 Drive Relay (Evaporator Flow Switch)
Protects the evaporator from freezing in it water (when the water duct is too low). Protects the pump from dry stroke. Signals the absence of water flow in the chiller.
# 22 Capacity (Reservoir)
To avoid frequent compressor launches, the capacity of increased volume is used.
The chiller with water cooling of the capacitor is different from the air type type (instead of a tubular-ribbed heat exchanger with a fan, a shell-tube or plate, which is cooled by water) is used). The water cooling of the capacitor is carried out by recycled water from a dry cooler (, drier) or cooling towers. In order to save water, it is preferable to be an option with a dry cooling towers with a water closed circuit. The main advantages of chiller with a water capacitor: compactness; The possibility of internal accommodation in a small room.
Is it possible to cool the liquid with a chiller on duct more than 5 degrees?
Chiller can be used in a closed system and maintain a predetermined water temperature, for example, 10 degrees, even if the refund is 40 degrees.
There are chillers that cooled water on the duct. This is mainly used to cool and gasing beverages, lemonade.
What is better chiller or drier?
Temperature when using the driver depends on the ambient temperature. If, for example, the street will be +30, then the coolant will be with a temperature of + 35 ... + 40С. Drikeler is used mainly during the cold season to save electricity. Chiller can be obtained in a given temperature at any time of the year. You can make low-temperature chillers to produce fluid temperature with negative Temperature Up to minus 70 s (the coolant at such a temperature is basically alcohol).
What chiller is better - with a water or air capacitor?
Water-cooled chiller has a compact dimensions, so they can be placed indoors and do not allocate heat. But for cooling the condenser is required cold water.
The chiller with a water capacitor has a lower cost, but can additionally need a dry cooling toward, if there is no water source - water pipe or well.
What is the difference between chillers with a thermal pump without it?
A chiller with a heat pump can work on heating, i.e. not only cool the cooler, but also heated it. It must be borne in mind that with a decrease in temperature, heating deteriorates. The most effective heating when the temperature is lowered not lower than minus 5.
What distance can I carry an air capacitor?
Usually, the capacitor can be removed at a distance of 15 meters. When installing the oil separation system, the capacitor high is possible up to 50 meters, provided that the diameter of copper highways is correctly selected between the chiller and the remote capacitor.
How minimum temperature is chiller?
When installing the winter start system, the work of chiller is possible to the ambient temperature minus 30 ... -40. And when installing the fans of the Arctic execution - up to minus 55.
It is used if the temperature difference ΔТ x \u003d (T NZ - T Czh) ≤ 7ºС (cooling of technical and mineral water)
It is used if the temperature difference ΔТ x \u003d (T NZ - T Czh)\u003e 7ºС or for cooling food, i.e. Cooling in a secondary collapsible heat exchanger.
For this scheme, it is necessary to correctly determine the consumption of the intermediate coolant:
G x \u003d g f · n
G X - Mass flow of an intermediate coolant kg / h
G g - mass flow of cooled liquid kg / h
n - the multiplicity of intermediate coolant circulation
n. =
where: C RS - heat capacity of cooled fluid, KJ / (kg' k)
C PX - heat consumption of intermediate coolant, KJ / (kg' k)
ΔT x \u003d (T NH - T CH) - Temperature difference of the intermediate coolant in the evaporator
Chiller, what is it and what is it necessary for? What is different from air conditioners, and what is his principle of work? If you encountered a question of choosing or servicing climatic equipment, these things should be known.
Many believe that Chiller is just a large air conditioner. But such an opinion is incorrectly incorrect. That refrigeration equipment It has its differences and features. In this publication, we will tell you what kind of refrigeration machines are and what they differ.
Chiller (English Chiller - Refrigerator, Refrigerator) - Devices to ensure cooling or heating on an industrial scale. They are often used in production, to provide microclimate in shopping centers, residential buildings, office buildings.
This climatic equipment can be compared with the outer unit of the air conditioner to which a large amount of internal is connected. Fan coils are in their quality, so such a system is called "" the principle of the chiller's work is such that anyone and combinations of them can be connected to it.
As in the usual air conditioner, heat or cold production occurs due to the cycles of evaporation and condensation of the refrigerant. But in contrast to split systems, it circulates only in the device itself.
See also:
Proper transportation of the refrigerator (in the car) in the lying and standing position. Precautions and safety.
A highway was laid between the main chiller unit and the fan coils, according to which the water is coolant circulates. Sometimes glycol, its derivatives and their mixtures with water are used instead.
The main elements of chiller are:
The compressor compresses Freon, increasing its pressure so much that it goes into a liquid state. In this case, its temperature rises significantly.
Finding into the condenser, Freon gives heat or water. It is cooled and goes into an evaporator.
The evaporator has a regulating valve that controls the amount of refrigerant. Freon expands and goes into a gaseous state. In this case, its temperature falls.
In such a state, it goes into a heat exchanger where it cools the water in the highway. Cold water enters Fan Coil, thereby providing their work.
In the case when Chiller works on heating, the process is the same, but the circulation is in reverse order.
An example of work (values \u200b\u200bare given for clarity)
In its respect, chillers are similar to, multizone or multi-split systems. They are also designed to provide a microclimate in several rooms and large volumes. But have a number of fundamental differences.
See also:
Why does the rear wall of the refrigerator frozen: we are looking for a reason and eliminate
In chiller-funky systems for heating or cooling, the coolant is responsible - water or antifreeze. In multi-split systems, the inflow of cold or heat is carried out by the refrigerant - freon, chladone. Due to the difference in heat capacity, it is less efficient than the coolant of the chiller-funk system.
In a multi-member air conditioner, the distance between the inner and external unit in several tens of meters is allowed. At the same time, how it is more, the faster the effectiveness of the air conditioner falls.
Length of pipes between chiller and fan coil can be more than 100 meters. In this case, the efficiency is somewhat declining, but not as much as the multi-split. It all depends on the flow rate, the power of the pump and thermal insulation of pipes.
In addition to efficiency, Chillers have the following advantages:
But there is in such climatic equipment minuses:
Refrigerating machines with air-cooled capacitor are most common. They can often be seen on the roofs of large buildings. The principle of air-cooled chiller is based on heat exchange between freon and atmospheric air.
Distinguish two types of such equipment:
In the first case, the condenser block is located on the removal from the main unit and is associated with the highway, which circulates freon. Such installations are more expensive, but more convenient to maintain - the indoor unit can be installed indoors.
See also:
Inverter compressor in the refrigerator: what it is, features of work and operation
Chillers with built-in capacitor are made in the form of a monoblock. They are mounted outside the building, mainly on the roof. Their cost is lower, but the service is difficult.
Refrigerating machines with a remote capacitor are affected by external factors (precipitation, mechanical damage). They have a smaller service life.
Chillers with built-in capacitor on the roof of the building.
In chillers with water cooling of the capacitor, water is used as a medium for selection or discharge of thermal energy. It can be a pond, river, swimming pool or any reservoir. In them, the condenser is located separately from the main unit and is immersed in water.
The principle of the work of chiller is largely converged with the standard air conditioner mechanism. In two units, a parokompression refrigeration cycle is involved, which provides cooling of liquid substances. All refrigeration machines are similar in their structure, only the model and the cooling method differs.
The aggregates producing cold have the following elements in their structure:
Unlike air conditioning or refrigerator, the chiller is not cooled by air, but substances that are intended to transfer cold, for example, water or glycolic solution. And already cooled fluids are transferred through the pipes to the place where the cold is required.
For example, in the air conditioner circulates Freon. Chilled gas passes through the radiator internal block. The radiator of the indoor unit is blown by air. As a result, the air is cooled, and the freon heats up and carries into the compressor.
In Chiller instead of Freon - water. Cold water passes through the inner block radiator. The radiator of the indoor unit is blown by warm air from the room. The air is cooled, and the water heats up and carries back to the chiller.
The chiller heat exchanger is designed in such a way that there are two contours inside it:
Both heat exchanger circuits come into contact with each other through metal walls, but freon and water, naturally, are not mixed with each other. For greater efficiency, the movement takes place towards each other.
In the heat exchanger, Freon-water takes the following:
The compressor is the main part of any air conditioning machine, the main processes of the unit are activated inside it, therefore a significant part of the energy is derived to the operation of this element. The compressor unit is aimed at compressing the vapor of the acting substance of the device (freon). After the pairs passed into a compressed state, and the pressure inside the unit rose, the condensation process begins.
Modern compressors are aimed at comprehensive energy savings, they are equipped with innovative details that help maintain energy efficiency and optimize the instrument management. The principle of operation of the chiller fan coil system lies in the rational consumption of energy, as well as minimizing noise during the operation of the aggregate.
Such modern devices Different:
The principle of chiller fan coil is based on the use of the minimum amount of energy and the maximum issuance of thermal results.
There are types of cooling devices that can be used remotely from the location of the condenser. The principle of work of chiller with a remote capacitor is based on high mobility and versatility. Such devices have an elementary structure and simple schema operation.
The remote Condenser Chiller can work on two types of fans:
Thanks to universality, convenience and high efficiency, such devices are used everywhere for production needs.
The only limitation is a chiller with a remote capacitor can only be used for cooling. It will not work off the reverse refrigeration cycle to heat the fluid.
Absorption devices differ from standard chillers by the structure and operation scheme. The principle of operation of the absorption chiller is based on the use of a lithium bromide solution (LIBR), which absorbs evaporation inside the unit, turning into a dilute state. The resulting solution is sent to the generator, where heats up and evaporated under the influence of steam or exhaust gases. The lithium bromide solution (LIBR) returns to its previous state, and is sent to its origins - in the absorber. In the meantime, the resulting pairs from the water approaches the condenser to close the cycle process and repeat the procedure again. The devices on the absorption cooling system are used in industrial areas to perform large-scale work.
The principle of the work of Chiller
Chiller is called full-featured refrigerated installationintended for cooling water, as well as non-freezing solutions that are used in air conditioning systems - inlet installations, Fan coils, central air conditioners, other applied processes. Chillers are used as a heat pump, as well as in order to heal water in the cold time. Chillers have a wide range of cooling capacity, as a result of which they are used in air-conditioning systems of small objects (apartments, cottages, small shops) and large construction (office, manufacturing and other buildings). In addition, chillers are used in the food industry in order to cool water, various drinks, in the sports and wellness area - to cool the ice platforms and rinks, in the pharmaceutical sphere - to cool the medicines. Modern market Presented by several types of chillers from the point of view of constructive design: Chillers with water and air cooling of the capacitor, the last types of chillers got the greatest distribution, since they are intended for outdoor installation.
The principle of the work of Chiller Based on the process of cooling the main component of this unit. Superheated refrigerant pairs having a low pressure coming out of the evaporator, entering the compressor and simply cool the winding of its electric motor. Couples of refrigerant in the compressor shrinks, while for lubrication, cooling and sealing of gaps into the compressor injected oil. Hot couple under high pressure, leaving the compressor, enters the air cooled capacitor, in which it is evenly distributed through the contours of the heat exchanger and gives the heat cooled heat, and itself condenses. Before leaving the capacitor, the liquid refrigerant is supplied to the monochloride, where its temperature decreases below the saturation point, which increases the efficiency of the cycle. Passing through a highly efficient filter desiccant, where moisture is removed from the supercooled liquid freon, the refrigerant enters the thermal lifting valve, where it is throttled, partially evaporated due to its own heat of the fluid. By the end of the process of expansion, the refrigerant is a mixture of a pair and a low pressure fluid entering the evaporator and evenly distributed through its tubes. Next, moving through the evaporator, the refrigerant boils, taking heat in cooled water, as a result of which purchased a vapor-shaped state. Couples of the refrigerant, which reached the overheating state comes out of the evaporator, after which the cycle is repeated again.
The chiller refrigeration circuit circuit consists of
Compressor
Four-chassing valve reversal of the refrigeration cycle used in thermal pumps
Heat exchanger condenser
Capillary tube
Heat exchanger evaporator.
Chillers, principle of work which are based on cooling or fluid heating, are equipped with an automated control system, which consists of a controller, control panel, protection means. The controller is designed to control the operation of the compressor itself, the condenser fans, the four-chassis valve reversing the refrigeration cycle.
In the process of increasing the water temperature in the circuit of the air conditioning system, the responsibility of the controller is the inclusion of the chiller compressor, cooling water in the air conditioning system. When a decrease in water temperature in hydraulic circuit Less temperature setting over a minus temperature difference value - regulatory delta, the built-in automated control system suspends the compressor operation. Consequently, the controller provides high reliability of the compressor, as well as other elements of the refrigeration circuit throughout the entire operation time of the installation.
Chiller's choice is a serious question that requires a competent solution. Of course, to choose refrigeration unit No need to know all nuances and subtleties refrigeratorBut the knowledge of the basic principles of the unit will help to quickly choose the desired model.
Cheaper, however, create a small air pressure, as a result of which a chiller equipped with an axial fan is placed only on open place (Roof, building wall, in other similar places). Centrifugal fans create a stronger air pressure, which means chillers equipped with such fans, can be placed inside the room, providing fence and emissions of air through air ducts.
We looked at the principle of Chiller's operation. Equipment that is supplied by Peter Cold can be found in enterprises in regions such as: Moscow St. Petersburg Ekaterinburg Rostov-on-Don Kazan Krasnodar Nizhny Novgorod Volgograd Ufa Voronezh Chelyabinsk Penza Samara Tolimati Orenburg Tver Sochi Belgorod Perm Smolensk Vladimir Voskresensk Cheboksary Saratov Kursk Novocherkassk Yaroslavl Chernogolovka Izhevsk Kirov Astrakhan Ryazan Kurgan Surgut Ulyanovsk Tyumen Kostroma Lipetsk Kaluga in Mari El Dimitrovgrad Kamensk-Zhukovsky Naberezhnye Chelny Yeisk Ivanovo Nizhnevartovsk Podolsk Tambov Armavir Magnitogorsk in Mordovia Miass Novorossiysk Kalmykia Khanty-Mansiysk Bryansk Volzhsky Syzran Nizhny Tagil Taganrog Eagle Leningrad in Leningrad region Len region Zheleznogorsk Vsevolozhsk Vyborg Gatchina Kirishi Pine Bor Tikhvin Cherepovets Volkhov Veliky Novgorod in Novgorod region in Nenets Petrozavodsk in the Republic of Komi Arkhangelsk Vologda Murmansk Great Luga Vorkuta Syktyvin Ukhta Seyktyvinsk Kalin Ingrad in the Kaliningrad region Kondopoga Sortavala in the Ivanovo region Obninsk in the Lipetsk region Elektrostal Volga region Dzerzhinsk Sarov Vyksa in the Nizhny Novgorod region Orsk in the Perm region of Berezniki Neftekamsk Salavat Almetyevsk Bugulma Nizhnekamsk Zhigulevsk Balocho Engels in Tatarstan in Penza region in Bashkortostan in the Ulyanovsk region in Chuvashia Sarapul Dmitrov South Vladikavkaz in Adygea Anapa Tuapse Volgodonsk Mine in Kalmykia in Krasnodar Territory Gelendzhik Yalta Siberia Irkutsk Barnaul Bratsk Ust-Ilisk Kemerovo Novokuznetsk Krasnoyarsk Norilsk Altai Krai Altai in Krasnoyarsk Territory Novosibirsk Tomsk Omsk in Buryatia Ulan-Ude in Tyva in Khakassia in the Far East Blagoveschensk Belogorsk Vladivostok Ussuriysk Khabarovsk in the Jewish region Kamchatka Kama Magadan in Sakha on Chukotsk Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in Primorye in the Khabarovsk Territory Yakutsk in the North Caucasus North Caucasus in Chechnya Essentuki Kislovodsk Mineral Water Pyatigorsk in Karachay-Cherkessk Cherkessk in Stavropol in Dag Fine in Ingushetia Yves North Ossetia Alanya in Kabardino-Balkaria in the Urals Pervouralsk Tobolsk Nefteyugansk Ozersk in the Chelyabinsk region in the Khanty-Mansi district New Urengoy Noyabrsk Salekhard in the Yamalo-Nenets district Udmurtsk in Udmurtia
Work chiller - This is not only the work of the basic components of the refrigeration circuit.
The second integral part of any chiller is a hydromodul. It can be both built-in - that is, it is located on one frame with a refrigeration circuit and placed on a separate frame. The composition of the hydromodule, as a rule, includes:
The pump serves to circulate the coolant through the heat exchanger and feeding it to the consumer. Without a pressure pump, normal is not possible, since the evaporator must be maximally filled with a coolant for the implementation of highly efficient heat exchange. Sometimes two-axis schemes are applied when the circulation functions of the coolant inside the chiller and the supply of the already cooled fluid are separated. This is necessary in cases where it is necessary to supply a liquid to a large height, since when the heat exchanger is passing, the pressure decreases, therefore, to be as efficient as possible, the cooled cooled coolant is necessary to serve immediately from the tank to the consumer without losing pressure. The feed pump is selected according to the requirements of the filing:
The battery tank serves to reserve the cooled liquid and reducing the number of start-up stops of the compressor, thus, occurs in optimal mode. If the battery tank is too small for the power of the water cooler, then the chiller programmed to some differential will be too quickly cooling this volume and stop at the installed degree, then under the influence of the consumer's load, it will be quickly hot and renewed again. Such a mode of operation can cause the chiller compressor breakage. The battery tank is able to reduce the number of starts and stops to the recommended - no more than 5-7 times per hour.
With competent engineering calculation, design and high-quality assembly, will be durable and uninterrupted. Specialists from the CenterProm Cold - Russian manufacturer of chillers will be happy to help you. Buy chiller for your requirements under the order through the form of the site or make the selection of Chiller with the help of a technician by telephone - quickly, optimally, in the center of Kneptprom-cold.
