Lighting is the most important component of the interior. The coziness and comfort level of our home depends on the lighting. The play of light and shadow allows you to play up the winning moments of the interior and divert attention from unfortunate moments. And also - lamps, floor lamps, chandeliers and lamps create the atmosphere that we call "home". Unique lamps and The best way- make a lampshade with your own hands. Homemade shades and lampshades are the strong point that will make your home stand out from others.
In the manufacture of lamps, floor lamps and chandeliers in industrial conditions, a preliminary calculation is made of the minimum distance from the "body" of the lamp to the materials. This distance depends on the power and thermal radiation of the lamp and on the type (combustibility) of the material from which the shade / lampshade is made. At home, hardly anyone will bother with such calculations. And in order not to create a dangerous situation, it is worth adhering to certain rules.
And in general, having made a lampshade and installing it, in the first few days, pay attention to whether the lamp shade is warming up. Any rise in temperature above environment... If the shade feels "warm", change the bulb to a less powerful one. Check again. So until the homemade lampshade is warm.
If you want to remake an old lamp, a floor lamp, the sconces of which the old lampshade has become unusable, you can simply use the existing base by stripping old stuff... Before starting work, inspect the frame well, if there is rust or damaged coating somewhere, maybe it is worth peeling and painting everything again? At the same time, the color can be changed. If you don't have the old frames, you can buy an inexpensive lamp (at a store or at a flea market) and do the same thing with it. Quite good lampshades can, by the way, be made from waste baskets. They are wire, there are plastic. The main thing is to find the right one in shape and size. Then in the bottom you make a hole for the cartridge. Further - it's up to the decoration / cladding, and then there are a lot of options.
If this method is not available, you can make a lampshade without a frame (there are some) or make a frame yourself. The material for making a frame for a lampshade with your own hands is: wire, wood (wooden or bamboo sticks, specially cut elements), plastic bottles.
The wire for the lamp frame needs aluminum or steel. It is easy to work with aluminum, but it wrinkles easily. This is not very important when the lampshade is already in use, but this fact must be taken into account during operation: you can ruin the shape. On the other hand, such plasticity makes it easy and simple to make changes to the shape during operation. So it's not a bad option. Aluminum wire can be obtained from electrical cables... You will have to remove the protective shell and you can use it.
Steel wire is more elastic so that it retains its shape well. You can search for it in the construction market. Working with her is more difficult. It is desirable to have strong male hands nearby.
In addition to the wire, you will need powerful wire cutters and pliers for work. The frame of a lampshade usually consists of two rings and posts connecting them. The shape of the future lampshade depends on the size of the rings and the shape of the racks. Questions may arise about the number of racks and how they are attached. The number of posts depends on the size of the rings and how “round” you want the lampshade. The more racks there are, the smoother the fabric will be. So it's up to you, but the optimal distance between the posts along the lower circle is about 5-6 cm.
Techniques for creating a frame for a wire lampshade
How you attach the stack to the rings of your lampshade depends on the thickness and type of wire and the tools you have. The easiest way is to make a small hook at the end, then clamp it tightly. And so that the ring does not slide left and right, first sand the wire at the attachment point with coarse-grain sandpaper. This is an option for thick aluminum wires. If the wire is steel, with a diameter of 1.2-2 mm or more, the best way is. The thinner wire can be bent and wrapped around the ring, or you can also make a hook.
If you make hooks, wrap the wire, appearance it turns out to be far from being as ideal as with factory frames. But this imperfection will be covered by the lampshade itself. If she still worries you, find the tape. suitable color(usually matched to the color of the lampshade) and carefully wrap the resulting frame. It will get much better. The tape can be coated with PVA glue and, wet, tightly, turn by turn, wrap the frame.
If you can find a thin wire mesh, you can quickly make an almost perfect cylindrical shade for a floor lamp, table lamp, night light, candle shade, etc. All you need is to cut off a piece of mesh of the required length and width, roll it into a ring and fasten the wires by wrapping them around the racks.
To prevent the mesh from straightening when cutting a piece, cut so that there are long loose ends on both sides. They will be used to fasten the cylindrical shade. And the imperfection of the upper and lower rings can be masked with a tape of the desired color.
An interesting shape of a lampshade can be obtained from a large-capacity plastic bottle. There are bottles of 5-6 liters and even 10. So they can be used. Cut off the top or bottom from the container - depending on what you like best. In the cut off part, we make a ring for the cartridge. If the top is cut off, the neck can be used for some cartridges. For those with a larger diameter, it will have to be cut off.
Then we cut out the excess plastic, form the rims and stands of the plafond. In order not to be mistaken, you can first draw all the lines with a marker. It will be easier to cut. Everything is elementary. Then we just decorate. And yes, it is imperative to cut out the plastic, otherwise the warm air will have nowhere to go.
There are enough options for how you can make a lampshade cover:
The simplest and quick way to transform an old lampshade for a floor lamp or table lamp - use ribbons. You need a frame or a lampshade in the form of a cylinder. It can be “naked” or covered in fabric. If you use a bare wire frame, light will filter through the slits, which will create interesting lighting effects, but the lighting will be uneven. Reading in such a light is inconvenient - this is interior solution... If you need even lighting, wrap the fabric over the frame first. It can be the same color as the ribbons, a couple of tones darker or lighter, it can be contrasting. It all depends on your desire. And remember that the darker the fabric, the less light the lampshade lets through.
We take a tape 1-2.5 cm wide. We fix it from the seamy side of the lampshade using PVA glue, additionally fixing it with a pin. If we took a wire frame without fabric, we attach it to the upper or lower rim (you can sew it with your hands, you can use glue). Then we begin to wrap the entire frame, from top to bottom, placing the turns of the tape close to each other, but without overlap.
Having completed the circle, unfold the tape 90 °. We fix it in this position (with a needle and thread or PVA glue, glue from a pistol, temporarily fixing it with a pin, pressing it with a clothespin). Then we pass the tape under the first tape, take it out, put it on top of the second one, then pull it down again, pull it up through one tape. So, gradually, we create a weave, filling the entire lampshade.
Alternatively, you can skip two vertical belts. But then you need to make sure that each next row is shifted by one crossbar. Then you get a different type of weave. Such a lampshade is ideal for floor lamps, as it will direct the light downward, and the dispersion through the walls will be small.
V this option ribbons can be the same, they can be of the same color, but of different texture, they can differ by a couple of tones or be contrasting. The tapes can be run in a continuous circle around the circle, or after a certain distance. If you find a wide tape and overlap it, then you won't need horizontal ones at all. And if you use a braided or twisted cord (in the lower photo on the right), we get a completely different lampshade. So only this technique of finishing the lampshade gives a lot of options.
Let's briefly present the ideas. There are many options for how you can customize standard lampshade frames. The first method has already been announced: you can knit a lamp shade cover on knitting needles or crochet. Several options in the photo.
Not everyone knows how to knit. It's easier to work with beads, especially if you glue them. You can decorate old fabric with beads, sequins, beads of different shapes and sizes. You can make such a "new-old" lampshade with your own hands in a couple of hours. Pick up jewelry that matches the color, coat the fabric with PVA glue, glue the jewelry. To complete the look, you can assemble pendants from beads and beads that are attached to the lower rim, but this is already painstaking work. The effect is interesting though.
You can sew a new fabric lampshade. But it is not necessary to make it an updated copy of the old one. Fantasy should be included! If the lamp or floor lamp is in the girls' room, a new lamp shade cover can be made in the form of a skirt. You choose the style of the skirt yourself. They look interesting in the fold. With and without ruffles.
An old geographic map can be used in the boy's room. They are on thick paper. If the paper is not thick enough, you first need to glue the card onto the cardboard, and then glue the lampshade from such a blank.
Original shades are obtained if the finished frame is braided with threads or ropes. The ropes can be natural. In this case, they are gray, brown beige. Thin synthetic colored cords can be found. They will make products more "fun" in color. The situation is even simpler with knitting threads. They are thin, thick, textured, with a smoothly changing color. In general, there are a lot of options.
We take the frame and weave it according to a certain pattern. You can start with the racks. Braid each rack with a pigtail (the length of the threads should be 3 times the height of the rack). When this work is over, we begin to stretch the threads / ropes between the posts. They will need to be passed through the pigtails, so with threads it is more convenient to do this with a needle, and the ropes can be inserted like that.
The second option is to first entangle the entire frame horizontally, and then braid the racks. The pigtail will not work here, you just need to fix the turns on the rack with inclined stitches with a certain inclination. This version is somewhat simpler in execution, but the "pigtails" look more decorative.
Many materials are tough enough to hold their shape on their own and, at the same time, they are flexible enough to make something interesting out of them. Well, there are a lot of such homemade lampshades. And almost all of them are worth your attention. We will give here only a part, the other part will go in the section with photos (see below).
Many people have crocheted napkins and they lie in the "stash boxes", as it is a pity to throw it away, and do not know how to use it. There are very interesting idea- to make a lampshade out of them for a chandelier on a suspension. In addition to napkins, you will need a large balloon or an inflatable ball, glue for heavy wallpaper (vinyl, silkscreen, etc.), a brush.
We soak the glue according to the instructions, wait until it swells. We inflate the ball or take the ball, hang it up. When the glue is ready, lay out a napkin on some clean surface, coat it with glue, put it on a ball.
It is necessary to spread it on such a condition that a hole for the cartridge remains in the center. Glue the napkins one by one. They should be laid out so that the edges overlap a little. When all the napkins are laid, we coat them with glue again and leave to dry. When the glue is dry, blow off the ball or ball (the ball can be punctured, if not sorry) and take it out through the hole. That's all, the lace lampshade is ready.
In some cases, problems arise with how to hang the finished lampshade on the cartridge. The problem is solved simply - take a transparent plastic bottle, cut off the neck of it, if necessary, expand the hole to the right sizes(so that it fits tightly on the cartridge), then cut off the plastic so that you get a ring 5-7 cm wide. Coat this ring with PVA glue, and glue it to the lampshade from the inside of the ball.
Practically the same technology can be used to make round and semicircular stylish shades. Choose a thread of a suitable color. Their composition is absolutely unimportant - the color, thickness and texture are important. They can be shaggy, smooth, twisted, thinner and thicker. The appearance depends on it. It is most convenient to work with medium-thick cotton threads. They absorb glue well and then, after drying, keep their shape perfectly.
You will also need a ball or a ball. This will be the base of the lampshade that defines the shape. The dimensions of the base are selected at will. The threads will need to be glued, for this you need PVA glue. It is poured into a container, diluted with water in a 1: 1 ratio.
Other glue can also be used. It is important that it becomes transparent after drying. These are WB-29 from TYTAN Professional and D2 glue for carpentry work. If you will be using any of these types of adhesives, read the instructions.
Draw a circle on the ball or ball, which will be slightly smaller in size than the lamp holder. Draw a larger circle on the opposite side - this will be the lower edge of the plafond. Now everything is ready, we can proceed.
We coat the threads with glue and wind them around the ball in a chaotic manner. It is more convenient to do this if the glue is poured into the container - you can lower the entire skein there, and just slowly pull the thread. With glue in a tube, everything is not so comfortable: you have to coat areas up to a meter long, wind it up, smear it again. Time takes much longer. This is if you use non-PVA. But on the other hand, the products turn out to be more rigid and do not sag, do not change shape over time, as can happen with filament lampshades on PVA.
When winding threads on a ball, we carefully go around the drawn circles. If you accidentally climbed into the "forbidden territory", we simply move the threads, forming an even (more or less even) edge. When the threads run out or you decide that there is enough density, the process can be stopped. We thread the edge of the thread between others. Everything. Then we coat the ball with wound threads again with glue (PVA can be poured) and leave to dry (at least 2 days). To prevent the ball from rolling, we find a bowl or saucepan and use it as a stand.
The last step is to blow off the ball or ball. If the ball has a nipple, press on it with a thin wire, releasing air. We take out the deflated ball. That's all, you can thread the lamp inside and test the lampshade.
Using the technology described above, it is possible to make not only round shades. Rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal. Choose a base that is easy to remove, wind the threads dipped in glue, braid, even sticks, newspaper tubes, etc. After drying, remove the base and now, you have made a lampshade with your own hands. A couple of examples in the photo below.
You can also use sticks…. Only wrap the ball with cling film and use transparent carpentry instead of PVA glue.
It is a pasty polymer clay in a tube, which was applied to a milk bag, then dried and the bag was removed ...
You just wonder why people don't make beautiful and unusual things. Plafond from a cup, grater, bottle, beer or glass jars, metal parts and rings from beer cans ... It seems that everything can be used ...
Old sieve shade ... stylish
Candlesticks turn into lamps ... without lampshades
You won't tell in real life, but these lampshades are made of hooks used to open metal cans for drinks and canned food ... if you paint them, it will be even more interesting
Not sure what to do with granny's crystal? Make plafonds out of it ...
The idea to engage in creativity did not come to me right away, but only when I began to sort out my handicraft riches - these are old, but dear to my heart, things made by my mother and friends. Once given to me for a long time and having served their time for a long time, they neatly lay in a pile in my old chest.
A hand did not rise to throw them away - after all, they were all presented from the heart. Among them, I found knitted napkins with a beautiful pattern. Unfortunately, they never found application for themselves because of their color. Well, they didn't look good in my interior. Having twisted them a little in my hands, and admiring their pattern, I thought: What if we give them another chance to decorate my house, only in a different role. I decided to make a lampshade for a table lamp out of them.
Here it is - my miracle napkin! Gorgeous! But, they were definitely out of luck with the color of the threads! So let me tell you about the process of work.
For the upcoming work, I prepared an old bowl, PVA glue, a can (it will serve as a temporary stand for my craft. I also need a wide brush, and water-based paint.
Turn the pelvis upside down. Put a napkin on top. The shape of the pelvis is what I need. If you want to repeat my feat, you can take any container.
In order for the thing not to fidget, I put a weighting agent on it. 
Now I cover the surface of the napkin with glue, this work needs to be done twice so that, after drying, the fabric takes on its shape. After the work had dried, I carefully removed it from the basin and let it dry completely.
Then I put the lampshade on the basin again, and begin to apply paint with light strokes.
Here I overdid it a little, took a lot of paint on the brush. It is necessary to apply a little paint so that the drawing does not get clogged.
I had to do this work twice, as the previous color was visible in places. Allowed the form to dry well. It is necessary to carefully remove the product from the pelvis, I did it with the help of a thin spatula. Here's what happened
This lampshade napkin can be used as a chandelier - vintage style! It will look very gentle!
Only ordinary lamps cannot be used for lighting. A fluorescent lamp is what you need. I have not yet completed the whole process (electrical connection) of work. I was eager to give my craft out to the mountain, so I did not give a description on this issue. I think if there is a man in the house, then the rest is a matter of technology! Once! Two! Three! Burn the light! That's where it is!
For this type of creativity, old napkins can be used, if they are white, then it will be possible to do without painting. Here is such a master class. Maybe someone will like the idea! And you will want to decorate your home too! Yes, I completely forgot any tall vase can serve as a leg (for a lampshade). You can make it yourself from plaster or papier mache. Here, in general, you need to turn on your imagination!
Parasols are becoming more and more popular these days. Perhaps, indeed, everything new is a well-forgotten old
Nevertheless, the openwork umbrella not only brings joyful emotions, but also protects its owner from the scorching sun rays.
In order to get to know this new "old" accessory better, I want to show how the creation of an umbrella from the sun takes place.
For work we need:
Hook (number corresponding to the thickness of the thread), in our example we used # 1.25;
The yarn for our umbrella was Lily's white mercerized cotton yarn;
Beads are white;
Hairpins;
A piece of paper;
Pencil;
Umbrella cane.
So, it all starts with thinking over the general idea-picture: the frame of the umbrella, the shape of the cane handle, the color of the needles and all the details of the umbrella, the number of needles, the diameter of the dome, the color of the dome, and most importantly - the pattern of the dome!
When all the details are thought out, we look for a suitable umbrella-cane for the frame, and leaf through magazines / Internet in search of the right pattern for the dome pattern.
I already had a frame. And since I really wanted to make the dome of the umbrella from individual motifs, the search for schemes took place in this direction. It is important that the number of segments of the motif corresponds to the number of spokes of the umbrella.
The diagram that was taken as a basis is a large flower with eight petals. The flower pattern from the magazine came up, only a minimal pattern adjustment was required.
Tying the first central flower, we try it on the frame.
Trying on our motives on the frame, pinning them with hairpins so that the connected elements take their position on the dome.
And this is how the empty space is filled according to the paper pattern from the central flower:
After connecting the parts, the fitting on the frame takes place again.
And now we connect the central motive with the rest:
The edge of the umbrella is tied in the same way.
The last row can be decorated with a satin ribbon, beads or whatever your heart desires.
And here's the result:
Thank you for the attention!
Inspiration to you and new creative ideas))
Unconditional harmony should reign in the interior of the room, therefore, when designing it, it is necessary to take into account every detail, even if it seems at first a trifle. Lighting devices always play an important role in design, which can often even become the central element of the overall design. However, the opportunity to purchase the desired option is not always provided - for the banal reason of the lack of the necessary design solution in the proposed range.
In such cases, some homeowners want to make their own efforts in interior design. And especially such a solution suggests itself in those situations when old chandeliers, floor lamps or table lamps are left beautiful grounds... Therefore, this publication will consider the question of how to make a lampshade with your own hands for different types lighting fixtures. Perhaps one of the proposed solutions will save some amount of family budget and at the same time to acquire an exclusive piece of general decoration of the premises, which will certainly become a reason for the personal pride of the master.
There are a number of advantages to making your own lampshade for any type of fixture. And these circumstances should be taken into account when the question arises of whether to buy this element of interior decor, or to make it yourself.
Option for a homemade lampshade for a table lamp or floor lamp We hope the arguments are quite convincing. Therefore, you can go closer to the practical part.
The principle here is simple - a homemade lampshade should not be dangerous. It is, of course, primarily about fire safety, since any lighting device during operation emits and a certain amount of heat.
In the production of lighting devices on an industrial scale, technologists of responsible companies calculate the safe distance from the lamp to the lampshade material. This distance is determined depending on the power of the lamps that are recommended for installation in a particular luminaire, and on the degree of heat resistance of the material used to create the lampshade.
At self-production lampshades, it is important to take into account the degree of heat resistance and flammability of the materials used Today, there is no shortage of other light sources in the assortment of stores - these are LED or compact fluorescent energy-saving models. Moreover, all of them must have reliable plinths made of ceramics or metal. The cost of such lamps is, of course, much higher than that of incandescent lamps, but heating here does not reach critically high temperatures. Plus, add a long service life and a calm, even, but powerful enough luminous flux.
What is very important to know about the characteristics of lamps and lighting fixtures?
Before choosing, making, installing lighting devices, it is strongly recommended to get some theoretical knowledge in this matter. In great detail about the various, the methodology for calculating the illumination of a room is described in a special publication of our portal.
A few words must be said about the types of lampshades that can be made at home. They can be divided according to the principle of construction and according to the material of manufacture.
By design, such products can be divided into frame and frameless.
Example of a frame for a lampshade 
Frameless lampshade Choosing this method, it is necessary to immediately calculate at what level inside the lampshade the lamp will be located, given that a certain distance must be maintained between it and the lamp shade.
The advantage of such a product is its low weight. The disadvantage is the fact that in case of accidental deformation of the shape of the lampshade, its walls can dangerously approach the lamp, which will lead to overheating of the material, which is fraught with melting and fire. This is especially true for lampshades made for and floor lamps, the shape of which can be damaged by accidental mechanical stress.
A very wide variety of materials have been successfully used to make homemade lampshades. Some of them do not even have to be purchased - they can be found in household, and sometimes - even lie under your feet, moreover, almost in the literal sense of the word.
| Illustration | Description of the material, its advantages and disadvantages |
|---|---|
 | Textile.
Only frame versions of lampshades are sheathed with it. It is not recommended to use synthetic materials, as they do not withstand heat well, they can shrink, melt and fade. Cotton or linen is perfect for upholstery. It will be better if the fabric is treated with a special water-repellent impregnation, due to which the lampshade will also less attract dust. |
 | Threads or yarns.
This version of the material is most often used to create a frameless lampshade, but sometimes it is also used to tighten the frame. To form a plafond from threads, different versions of them with a thickness of 1 to 5 mm are used. |
 | Rope.
It is used for making and rope of different thicknesses. It covers a ready-made frame in different variations, and frameless models of lampshades are also assembled. It is best to use strings made from natural materials - they are especially well suited for eco-style luminaires. |
 | Ribbons of different widths are suitable both for the formation of weaving along the frame, and for frameless options for decorative shades. |
 | Hand-woven lace
made of cotton thread is used to fasten to the frame and form a frameless lampshade. Instead of lace, you can use fragments cut from tulle with a suitable pattern. |
 | Hand knitted fabrics
having different patterns can also be an excellent decoration for the frame of the lamp shade. They can be knitted specifically for a specific product, or you can use ready-made garments for this purpose, which are completely out of fashion or simply no longer liked. |
 | Wooden parts
- branches, planks, slats, etc. are also often used for the manufacture of lampshades. Thin, peeled and specially processed branches are used to weave lampshades, thicker ones are set with a palisade or cut into small pieces and randomly assemble them into a chosen shape. Thin planks by themselves are capable of forming a frame, while simultaneously performing a decorative function. Some craftsmen prepare plywood parts with a through thread, which, when the lamp is turned on, gives a beautiful shadow on the walls. |
 | Plastic fittings
, which are sold in sewing stores and are used to decorate clothes, are also used to create shades or lampshades. Beads or buttons of various sizes and shapes can be added to this category of materials. |
 | Origami
is a technique for working with paper and cardboard, from which various decorative details are made, including lampshades for lighting fixtures. The advantage of such decorative items is the speed of production (with some experience, of course) and the ability to change them depending on the mood or the need to decorate the room for a particular holiday. The disadvantage is the fragility of lampshades made of paper and cardboard. |
In addition to the above materials, the most unexpected creative elements can be used to create homemade masterpieces - these are rings from metal cans, vases, ordinary kitchen graters, clock gears and much more. One has only to turn on the fantasy ...
If a frame version of a lampshade is chosen for manufacturing, then a natural question immediately arises - where to get or from what and how to make the frame yourself. This stage of work can be called the first when creating a product.
If you plan to update the lampshade on an old floor lamp, chandelier or table lamp, in which the frame has remained intact, then it can be used by decorating with new material. The old casing is removed from the base. Then the frame is carefully examined, if necessary, it is cleaned of rust, and then painted.
If the lighting fixture is created anew, or in the case when the frame is missing or has become unusable, you can purchase an old lampshade, for example, at a flea market, and do the manipulations described above with it.
Well, if this option does not triple or is impossible, you will have to do it yourself.
One of those options that does not force you to make a lot of effort to create a frame is buying a metal waste basket.
You can find metal and plastic baskets on sale, but it is recommended to choose the first option for a lampshade. If the size and shape of the product is suitable, then the problem with the frame will be solved. A neat hole is cut out at the bottom of the basket for installing the lamp holder, which should be securely fixed to the mesh surface. By the way, the bottom of many baskets is a solid metal plate, that is, it can be even easier to fix the cartridge.
Often, it is not enough to have a solid lining of the basket, but only to carefully paint it and use several decorative elements. Sometimes, for a conceived lampshade, it is enough to carefully paint the mesh surfaces in desired color and decorate the top or bottom line with fabric, braid, etc. You can veneer the frame completely with one of the above materials. The design options are unlimited.
The most common frame material is thick wire. If steel wire is taken, then the joints when assembling the frame can be made using spot welding. However, this technology is available to few, and, as a rule, most home craftsmen fasten individual parts using the twisting method.
Steel wire has considerable rigidity and elasticity, and it is quite difficult to twist parts with a thickness of, say, even 3 mm. Therefore, some knots are made using thinner wire, which fixes the connections of the main frame elements.
Fixation of turns of thick elastic steel wire using a thin soft winding, for example, copper If the stranding method is chosen for the connection, then aluminum wire is often used. It is not difficult to work with it, but it is too plastic and easily deformed. When the frame is sheathed with decorative cladding, it will, of course, become more rigid. But when making it, it is necessary to take into account the properties of the wire and act very carefully.
Wire for making framing can be purchased from a hardware store. But owners of houses often find quite suitable "gratis" material in sheds. The advantages of aluminum wire can be attributed to the same plasticity, since when creating a frame, you can easily make adjustments to it.
To carry out the work, you will need some tools that are sure to be found in any home workshop:
- pliers for bending and straightening the wire;
- round-nose pliers will help to bend the ends of the wire for further twisting;
- wire cutters;
- the hammer will also help to straighten individual areas;
- sandpaper for cleaning the surface of the steel wire before painting;
- thin copper wire for winding the connecting nodes of parts;
- soldering iron for connecting copper wire;
- enamel paint and a thin brush;
- electrical tape for additional fixing of parts to each other;
- wide wooden block, on which it will be convenient to straighten the wire and perform soldering.
Several options for wire frames under the lampshade The work on the manufacture of the frame is carried out in the following order:
The frame, traditional for a lampshade, consists of two large circles - upper and lower, a small ring for holding the cartridge, 4 ÷ 6 vertical holders and 3 ÷ 4 horizontal jumpers, which will hold the cartridge ring inside the structure.
Naturally, there are also much more complex shapes of lampshades. In any case, each of the options is made according to the drawing. However, choosing an overly intricate design, do not forget that it will also be difficult to cut and sew a cover for it.
The frame is assembled from thick wire, the joints are overlapped with subsequent fixation with electrical tape 
Use to frame a metal strip By the way, connecting nodes, if the frame is made of thick copper wire or even a tube, can be performed simply by soldering - you just need a powerful enough soldering iron. Yes, and aluminum lends itself to soldering - however, this requires some kind of experience and a certain set of chemicals.
Perhaps for someone other recommendations on the material for making the frame under the lampshade will be useful. Moreover, all the examples of "raw materials" listed below can be found in almost every home or purchased "for a penny."
| Illustration | A brief description of the use of materials to create a frame for a lampshade |
|---|---|
 | If no steel or aluminum wire is found, wire hangers can be used to create the base. The shoulders must be unscrewed into even segments, which are straightened with pliers. Then, frame parts are formed from them. They are connected to each other according to the principle described above, and fixation - for example, using electrical tape. To make a frame from such a wire requires less effort, but the base from them turns out to be less rigid and durable. |
 | In hardware stores you can find metal mesh designed for reinforcing surfaces for plastering. They can have different cage sizes. For a lampshade, an option with cells of 15 × 15 or 20 × 20 mm is suitable. A frame is formed from the cut out fragment of the mesh, and to connect the edges are overlapped by one or two cells and tied together with a wire twist. However, from this material it is possible to make a frame only in the form of a cylinder or a truncated cone. If this form does not contradict the general design solution premises and suits the master, then this option for creating a frame can be called the optimal solution. |
 | It can be used to make a lampshade and a grill from an old fan, especially since it has already been given a certain shape of a kind of spherical segment. If necessary, the frame can be made deeper by attaching an additional layer of wire of the same thickness to the lower part of the grille, or by lengthening the edges of the lampshade with facing material. |
 | Another option for the frame material offered by some craftsmen is five-liter plastic bottles. They can be used as a whole by removing the bottom part or by cutting the walls of the container into strips of the same width. Then, the desired shape of the plafond is created from the strips, and its lower side is fixed on a wire circle, which will give the structure its rigidity. An obvious disadvantage of this material is its deformation when overheated, as well as the fact that only a small lampshade can be made from a bottle. |
 | The frame can also be made from embroidery hoops, moreover, of different shapes and sizes. It can be a traditional lampshade, round or semicircular. This material is easy to work with, it makes a lightweight and reliable design. When making a classic lampshade, hoops of different diameters are selected, the upper and lower circles are fastened together with wooden slats. To form the inner part of the structure intended for installing the cartridge, you can use aluminum wire. |
So, as mentioned above, for cladding the frame can be applied different materials... The most popular of the options will be presented in this section.
In order to sew a traditional fabric lampshade in the shape of a truncated cone or cylinder, you will need a prepared frame, decorative fabric, white cotton or PVC film, threads, glue, scissors, an iron, a gun for silicone hot glue, clothespins, and a pattern. The amount of decorative fabric will depend on how you plan to sheathe the frame, whether it will be stretched evenly or folds will be formed on it.
The work on decorating the frame is done as follows:
L =π× D
L- the circumference of the frame;
π - constant, which can be taken as rounded equal to 3.14;
D- cylinder diameter.
As a result, the pattern will be an even strip of fabric. To its calculated length, 20 mm is added per seam, and to the measured width - 40 mm per bend on one side and the other.
If the frame has the shape of a truncated cone, then either the sweep parameters are calculated, or its graphic construction is performed using a special algorithm. But they often do it much easier. To do this, paint the outer side of the upper and lower circumference of the frame with a black marker and roll it over a sheet of paper.
On the traces remaining on it, a pattern is drawn, to which extra millimeters are also added for the bend and seam. The pattern is cut out and applied to the frame, corrected if necessary, that is, an additional segment is added to it or excess length is removed.
After the pattern is ready, it is transferred to the fabric, as well as PVC film or lining fabric. Next, the marked parts must be cut with scissors.
The rolling method is not always suitable. Sometimes you also have to draw the sweep of the truncated cone yourself. If you need it, you can go to the appendix to this article. There are detailed mathematical and graphical methods, calculators are placed to carry out the necessary calculations.
Securing fabric to frame for initial fit 
Final adhesion of fabric to frame 
Bonding a finish that complements the fabric pattern The glued strip must be immediately secured with clamps or clothespins. After guaranteed curing of the glue, the temporary fixation is removed.
Finished lampshade on a table lamp The way of fixing the lampshade depends on the characteristics of the lighting fixture. These can be special clamping flanges on the outside of the lamp holders, threaded bush, and more. Any House master will easily deal with this issue.
This option is available in execution for anyone, even a novice master, since it is very easy to decorate with a ribbon.
In this case, the following materials will be required to finish the created frame:
Stages of lining the frame with tape Decorating works are carried out in the following order:
One more interesting option decorating metal frame- it is braiding it with a thin twine and a coarse rope. There are a lot of ways to decorate the lampshade with this material, and in the example below, only one of them will be presented.
To create this model of a lampshade you will need:
The production of this lampshade is carried out in the following sequence:
Braiding the side guides of the frame with twine 
Fixation of twine ends with silicone hot melt glue 
Fixing the rope with twine on the frame 
The result of decorating a metal frame with twine and rope 
Lampshade mounted on the ceiling in the form of a plafond As you can see, nothing complicated even for a beginner master. True, the work may seem tedious, but there is no need to rush, maximum accuracy - and everything will work out.
This section will consider three options for frameless lampshades, which are even more affordable in performance than products that require a rigid frame.
There is, however, a fundamental reservation. In order to set the desired shape of the lampshade, a frame (more precisely, a template) will still be required, but temporary. Most often, such a template that determines the configuration of the product is balloon, an inflatable rubber or plastic beach ball.
To make a lampshade in a similar way, are used various materials, but the principle of performing the work remains general. Of course, each of the cases has its own nuances, which will be discussed below.
In this option, you will need several knitted napkins of the same color or several shades that go well with each other.
A tightly inflated balloon is used as a temporary template. For ease of use, so that the template is stationary when gluing decorating materials, the ball is installed on a suitable open container, for example, on a saucepan or bowl of the required diameter.
Making a lampshade from knitted napkins - step by step In addition, a bowl is prepared for diluting the glue. In this case, transparent casein glue is sometimes used, which is often used for gluing wallpaper. However, PVA is considered more durable in its qualities, and it is more often used for the manufacture of frameless lampshades.
Plastic ring framing the chuck hole 
This version of the lampshade, made from clothesline, can be used for any type of lighting fixture. Moreover, it can be suspended in the form of a classic lampshade or, as in the example below, fixed with its wide side to the ceiling.
Materials for making a lampshade To create this model of the plafond, you will need to prepare:
Inflatable beach ball. The advantage of such a basis is that upon completion of the work, you can simply deflate it, keeping it intact, and then continue to use it for its intended purpose. Another option is a glass shade, according to the shape of which a decorative lampshade will be made.
Clothesline.
White regular thread and a sewing needle.
Glue for decorating work using “Mod Podge” decoupage technique. Such glue is quite expensive, so it will be easier to make it yourself. To do this, ordinary PVA glue is diluted with clean warm water in a 2: 1 ratio, and for greater strength and, if necessary, giving a glossy effect, add about one tablespoon of colorless water-soluble varnish for every 150 ml of glue.
Water-soluble paint is better in the form of an aerosol.
Transparent or white regular and masking tape.
Wooden plank with a smooth milled groove inside or with sides nailed on both sides - to form a curly "snake" from the rope. A plastic cable duct of the required width may also be suitable for this purpose.
As a result of the work done, such an openwork plafond should be obtained, which will be a real decoration of the ceiling during the day. And with the arrival of darkness - to cast unusual shadows on him and on the walls 
Making a curly "snake" from a rope - with such blanks it will be much easier to lay rope loops on a spherical surface For this purpose, the rope is abundantly greased with glue and laid in the form of a "snake" in the channel of the prepared rail. It is important to ensure that the relief is laid with the same pitch, that is, it is even.
Here it is necessary to pay attention to the fixation of the rope pattern. In the illustrations, you can barely see the threads that fix the bends of the rope in the required position. In order to do this process, you will need ordinary white thread and a needle. Sewing the bends is done without tightening them in such a way that most of the fastening threads pass inside the rope and are noticeable only in some places. Fastening is carried out along the upper and lower edges of the "snake" blank.
The workpiece is ready when the glue is completely dry.
Laying a rope "snake" on the surface of the ball to create a spherical surface of the lampshade 
Spray paint on lampshade 
