House, design, repair, decor. Yard and garden. Do it yourself

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But because Eye a hated pit on the road can any of you! It is not difficult and does not require much time!
To begin with, we need two tons of asphalt View GOST R 50597-93 in it: Pits on the road should not be more than 15 cm (width) * 60cm (length) * 5cm (depth). those. If at least one parameter is exceeded, then this pit must eliminate road services!

Now the most exciting (what to do next?!):

If you saw a pit on the road, which clearly exceeds the parameters of the GOST, then remember the address by which you can find this pit. For example, a pit in the first photo is on the lane between houses No. 30 and №36

It is advisable to take a picture of the pit on your mobile, it will help employees of the traffic police then find it.
And now it's time to take the shovels just sit down at a computer and go to the traffic police site. There Select Section: Contacts - Receptions

In the drop-down list, select your region (my option: 70 - Tomsk region)

Well, in the field "Test text", describe the problem, something like this:

At the address Tomsk ul __________ on the roadway, damage to the road canvase was found in size __________, which exceeds the permissible size of the elevation according to GOST R 50597-93.
Please take measures to eliminate damage to the roadbed.

If you have a photo of the pit, then the site has the opportunity to attach a photo.
Press "Send" and that's all!

Now your message is considered officially accepted into the traffic police and already employees of the department will begin the proceedings on your application. First, they examine the area specified by you and in case of violation, the prescription of the responsible organization to eliminate the violation (in Tomsk is the Department of Urban Economic Economy).
Also, the traffic police will take control of the removal of the pit and if the Department does not make a pit, he will be discharged an administrative penalty - 20,000 rubles. Very good amount, so the department is easier to close the pits than to save debts.

Remember: the traffic police does not close the pits, but only prescribes the prescriptions !!!

So this is not a difficult way you can make your city a little better, and the road is even more smaller!

By the way, according to my pit, it turned out to be an elevenistant story: at the end of last year, Aleksey Ivanovich wrote an appeal to the administration of the Leninsky district of Tomsk, with a request to eliminate the pit. In January 2013, the Administration of the Leninsky district promised that the pit would begin to close in the second quarter of 2013.

Work, naturally, did not start, so I decided to write an appeal immediately into the traffic police, already with the attached screenshots of the answers of the administration of the Leninsky district, so we are waiting for the continuation of the story!

During the repair, it is necessary to use a gun for the Hudron, workflows and spatulas, brushes, gloves, knives, tools for tamping and sealing. The following materials will also be needed:, asphalt in rolls and asphalt, which is created on cold technology. They are sold in building stores in those quantities that are necessary for buyers.

Methods for repairing chosel and other damage on the asphalt

The sealing of the pick-up asphalt mixture is the easiest way to remove small damage from the roadbed. Distinguish cold and hot asphalt. The first can be found in the construction store, and the second is only under the order on asphalt concrete factories. In any case, first you need to clean, remove garbage and dust from it. The edges of the pit should not crumble intensively. Technology using hot asphalt is simple. To do this, the entire hole must be filled with an asphalt mixture. It can also be treated with the depressions formed next to curbstones. If the middle of the road appeared, it will be necessary to deepen it, pour the mixture so that it performed on two or three centimeters above the surface. A few minutes later, this layer needs to be dissolved and tamped. To do this, you can use not only the roller, but also a special vibropress.

With the help of cold asphalt, it is also possible to put in order and pits formed in the yard. Under cold, the usual asphalt with additives of some chemical components is understood. We need to be cleaned from garbage and dust. Applying a hammer and chisel, it is necessary to align the edges. Cold asphalt must be put in such a way that it turned out a small hill. Stacking asphalt must be made in two stages - fill the pit to half and tightly tummet, then fall asleep again and the upper part. On top of the candied cold asphalt, it is necessary to apply the sand layer. Then you need to slowly drive on a car through this holmik. Thus, the asphalt is quickly constructed.

Other methods apply when, along with potholes, there are cracks on. In these cases, the fill is pouring tar. The surface is cleaned with a rigid brush or a special vacuum cleaner. The crack is immediately filled with tar, either fall asleep by several centimeters of sand, and then - a good. Special pistols are used for it. After fifteen - twenty minutes, the treated surface must be dissolved, press with a spatula.

Inexpensive rolls with finished asphalt are found. They are very convenient for execution repair workhaving a small volume. For this, the roll is unwind, remove the protective layer, the asphalt is placed by the adhesive side on the canvas road. Then they are tightly pressed for a few seconds. Repairs on this ends.

Meal repair of small areas up to 7 m2 with cold asphalt

If there was a need to close the pits on the squares of no more than 7 m2, experts recommend to apply a modified asphalt concrete mixture with Canadian perma-patch concentrate that is suitable for any weather. Cold asphalt is rarely used in the construction of roads, however, it is constantly developing and is now ideal for road repair under all weather conditions. This material copes with the ambient temperature within -200s - + 400c. Still, if the repair is performed in winter, it is best before starting the laying, it is necessary to heat a little, then to hold in a warm, dry room for several days.

How is the repair?

Repair of holes arising on the roads are usually accompanied by such work:

• 1. To begin with, all potholes are treated with special slicers around the perimeter to remove unnecessary parts and align the pit. If several holes are too close to each other, they are connected in one.
• 2. One treated area (card) should not exceed 5m2. Slicing the edges of the pit is performed only vertically to avoid in the further influx of the asphalt concrete mixture before it hardens.
• 3. If the work is performed in the winter, it is necessary to pre-clear from pieces of ice and snow.

When the pothole is treated evenly fill the asphalt concrete mixture. When filling, the layer is 2-5 cm with a thickness, and so that the mixture towers over the main coating of several centimeters. The laying is made exclusively in one layer. If the depth is quenched more ordinary, first swell the rubbed base, seal it and only then the asphalt concrete mixture is stacked. After laying the mixture, it is sealing a tamper (often manual, but an option of sealing with vibrating plates is also possible. The seal begins with the edges of the card and ends in the center. For greater efficiency at the end of the tamping, the sealed should be sprinkled from above sandy materials or granite dust. After the seal process, you can instantly resume movement on the work area.

Concrete coatings are used in various fields: during installation of floors, concreting surfaces both on industrial and in residential facilities, construction of motorways and many other things. However, concrete is distinguished by a low tensile strength, so in the process of frosting the mixture is slightly compressed and the shrinkage of structures occurs. Because of this, small and more serious defects appear on the surface. In this case, the sealing of cracks in the concrete, which is performed by different technology Depending on the type of damage and the cause of its appearance.

Varieties of cracks in concrete

Some beginners or unscrupulous builders prefer to simply smear a hole or any other defect with a putty or mortar. However, before closeing the hole or crack in concrete Wall And other reasons should be understood that it was the reason for the emergence of such troubles.

Defects are several types:

• Surface. Such cracks often appear after filling the foundation in the process of drying the sand-cement mortar, if the mixture was prepared without complying with the required proportions of the components, poor-quality components were used or in the mixture there was no sufficient amount of water.
• Shrinking (also called hair cracks). Defects of this type are considered the most dangerous, since because of them there is not only the deformation of the fundamental base, but also the whole building as a whole. This leads to a decrease in strength. Flaws of this type appear with uneven load on the foundation and wrong selection Cement composition.

• Temperature and shrinking. The slits of this type appear in the process of solidifying the concrete base due to an exothermic reaction occurring between cement and water. Very often, in the construction of walls and overlaps, novice builders do not take into account the freedom of deformation, as a result of which the temperature voltage occurs in the concrete mass and defects are manifested on the surface.
• Cracks and holes that appear due to poor-quality reinforcement. If the frame for enhancing the design is too weak, then it will be fed under loads, which will also lead to the formation of defects. In addition, reinforcing rods can begin to oxidize. Due to the appearance of corrosion, the material increases in the amount, breaking the concrete mass from the inside.

Also cracking are susceptible to concrete surfaces located on the street. The external environment contains chemically active substances that create a favorable soil for the appearance of defects.

In addition, the devastating effects have sharp temperature differences, which can occur both on the surface and in the coolest of concrete. In this case, not only cold air, but also ultraviolet has a detrimental effect.

It is also worth paying attention to the width of cracks, since in some cases such defects are not critical.

Permissible cracks

The construction sphere has such a definition as a permissible width of the disclosure of cracks, which is determined by DBN B.2.6-98: 2009 based on the operational conditions:

• Crack size should not exceed 0.5 mm if the concrete surface is not affected by weather conditions. That is, it does not affect the influence of moisture, low temperatures and ultraviolet.
• The permissible width of the splitting of cracks cannot be more than 0.4 mm, provided that the design is subjected to weather influence.
• The width of the crack should not exceed 0.3 mm if the concrete base is under an aggressive environment.
• To make the formation of cracks of more than 0.2 mm is not recommended, if we are talking about reinforced structures, characterized by reduced resistance to corrosion formation.

Also experiencing horizontal cracks with a small disclosure, which often appear in reinforced concrete columns.

However, it is important to take into account that exist certain conditions Operation in which crack formation is not allowed:

• if we are talking about ZBB structures that constantly interact with liquids and gases (that is, there must be impermeable and sealed);
• when using structures to which more stringent requirements for their durability are presented.

Identify the type of defect and the need to correct it, it is much easier to choose than to close holes in the wall or any other concrete surface.

Cement solutions

These compositions are highly popular in view of their cheapness and opportunities to repair minor shrinkage cracks in concrete.

Seeling cracks

Before proceeding up, it is necessary to check the crack itself for the presence of chips around it. If there are such, then in the near future they can turn into holes, so it is necessary to eliminate all peeling pieces of concrete. After that you need:

• Run the extender. To do this, using chisel and hammer, you need to walk along the entire length of the crack so that its depth is at least 5 mm. If necessary, you can use the spatula to create a deepening.

• remove dust with the help of a vacuum cleaner and rinse with water formed in the resulting depression.
• Remove the excess water and smear the crack cement mortar (3 Sand shares per 1 part of cement with the addition of PVA). It is necessary to ensure that the composition covers the entire spread space.
• Moisten a flooded cement with water.

Seeling holes

If a hole formed in the concrete surface, in which the fittings can be seen, the defect can be embedded as follows:

• Clean the hole in the concrete and treat its surface with an anti-corrosion composition.
• Put in the deepening pieces of steel wire dimer of about 4 mm.
• After that, the deepening is smeared with a primary composition, evenly applying it to the entire surface. At the same time, the thickness of the layer of the mixture should be about 3 mm.
• Without waiting until the mixture heels, pour the deepening cement makeup for seelings of cracks in concrete and make sure that it fill out all the recess. If the hole is too deep, then the cement is poured into several stages. In this case, each subsequent layer should be wedged with water from the sprayer.
• Align the surface of the rail (metal or wooden), moving tool to the right left.

• After the mixture is frozen, the excess cement makeup must be removed with a spatula and attach the surface. If the crack was too deep, then the alignment is performed using a grinding machine.

Useful! The cement composition must be poured with a margin so that it is slightly above the floor surface. In the process of frozen, the mixture will give a shrinkage.

After 24 hours, concrete floor can be painted or laying on it any finishing material.

However, it is worth considering that such a sealing of cracks in concrete will not give the effect of sealing and is not suitable for surfaces to which increased waterproofing requirements are imposed. In addition, the cement composition can be viewed as a temporary solution to the problems. Sooner or later, defects will appear again. If you want to "carefully patch" holes and avoid their appearance in the future, then in this case, defects can be seen with the help of resins, specialized repair makers on their basis or sealant.

Long-term sealing defects

Deciding than to close cracks in concrete for a long time, it is worth paying attention to this method of processing defects. Resin and mixtures for sealing based on it are suitable for restoring screeds, scenes and various concreted sites or horizontal surfaces.

Repair of cracks in concrete using such compositions has a number of advantages. First of all, it is the low cost of mixtures, as well as their rapid drying. On the other hand, the resin allows you to securely fix the seams and hold them from the subsequent increase.

So, to eliminate defects it will be necessary to prepare:

• an angular grinding machine and diamond spraying discs;
• a vacuum cleaner;
• spatulas and bark for breeding composition;
• boding composition for concrete;
• Epoxy (basis A and hardener c);
• Fine grained sand.

Before closeing the crack, you need to clean it from dust and dirt. After that, we carry out the seal in the following sequence:

• We produce cracked extending. In this case, the width of the obtained recess must be at least 5 mm.
• Pi helping the grinding machine to cut in concrete transverse seams with a step of 400 mm (the length of the grooves is about 100-150 mm).
• We remove the loose layer of concrete and divert the surface with the help of a vacuum cleaner.
• Processing the surface of the defect primer , And the transverse grooves are fixed using repair brackets.
• We prepare the solution from the resin (bases), the hardener and sand according to the instructions on the package with the composition.
• We close the defect with the resulting mixture and quickly align the surface, as the resin gripping time is only 10 minutes.

The best epoxy formulations

If we talk about the best materials for repairing cracks in concrete walls and other surfaces, then the most effective today is considered:

• Epoxy resin domestic production ED-16 and ED-20 cost of about 2,000 per 3 kg. The hardener will have to buy separately (costs about 300-500 rubles).
• EPOXY 520 resin from the Czech manufacturer Spolchemie worth 3,500 rubles per 5 kg.
• The German composition of Uzin KR 416, which will cost 2,700 rubles in 0.75 kg.

The compositions from the Italian manufacturer of Sika are also very popular.

However, it is necessary to take into account that such a defect correction method is not suitable for processing holes that are formed in concrete bases experiencing strong pressure from water. In this case, it is worth using sealant.

The use of sealants and self-seeping tapes

Immediately it is worth saying that this method of sealing defects is very expensive, so it is most often used when repairing concrete bowls of country pools. However, despite its high cost, the use of sealant and self-seeping cords is distinguished by its advantages:

• the possibility of processing a defect of any type;
• full tightness;
• the possibility of holding mounting work in cold weather conditions.

To work, in addition to the standard set of tools, it will be necessary:

• mounted gun;
• self-disstaining tape or cord;
• chisel and brushes;
• sealant for concrete.

However, before making a flaw, it is necessary to measure the dimensions of the gaps and acquire the desired type of sealant and tapes depending on this. For example, if the depth of the hole is 60 mm, the cord of 18 x 23 mm is suitable.

Not the next step is necessary:

• Expand cracks and take them.
• Install cord into recess.
• Fill the rest of the sealant space.
• Unlocked outwardly the composition with a spatula.

After completing the work, you do not have to guess how to sharpen the surface or corpus it. It is enough just to apply the composition and dissolve it.

If speak about the best compositions This type, the most popular use:

• Domestic Elastosil PU 20 worth 280 rubles for 600 ml.
• The composition from the French manufacturer Rubberflex, which is selling today at a price of 300 rubles for 310 ml.
• Tape Plug russian production The cost of about 260 rubles for the traffic point meter.

Injection

Also deciding how to close holes in the wall of concrete in the most efficient way, especially if not only the crack appeared, but water flows through it, it is worth paying attention to this method.

Injecting technology implies the introduction of a special composition (polyurethane or epoxy resin, micro-cement or waterproofing mixture) into a thickness of concrete using special injection pumps that create strong pressure.

To fulfill such restoration of defects, it is necessary:

• Make holes in a checkerboard on both sides of the gap.
• Install the packers in them (special tubes through which the solution is supplied, resemble a dowel) at an angle.

• Pour the solution.
• Remove the tubes and cover the surface with a building composition.

So, we considered how to independently close the hole in the concrete wall, but what if we are talking about aerated concrete?

Features of sealing cracks in aerated concrete

Cracks in aerated concrete are also formed often, as in conventional cement-sand monoliths. For their sealing, work is performed in the following sequence:

• From the wall or any other aerated concrete surface is removed by a layer of collapsed building material And cleaning from dust and dirt.
• Grid primer produced. To do this, it is recommended to use a 50 percent water dispersion of PVA and water (ratio of 1: 3).
• Sealing cracks depending on their dimensions. If the damage is single and its width does not exceed 0.4 mm, the slit is expanding to 10 mm and any building composition is poured into it (cement or special adhesive for aerated concrete). If the width of the defect is up to 10 mm, it is better to use a porous glue composition for sealing and expand the slot to 20 mm. In the event of a defect with a width up to 20 mm, it is recommended to apply adhesive or cement composition, having previously adding a large-scale rubble from aerated concrete.

After performing the work, it is necessary to close the treated surface with a sheet of plywood (secure by self-assembly) for 3-5 hours.