Fire extinguishing systems are an integral part of the security of any object. They are automatic, autonomous or can be driven with human participation. But all of them combines one purpose and general functions. Regardless of the configuration, they must ensure the safety of the object (premises, buildings, compartment, etc.), therefore the design of fire extinguishing systems occurs taking into account the rules established by legislative and regulatory acts. For this, experts make calculations and determine the characteristics of the object.
At what stage is the design of fire extinguishing? Most often, such systems are planned before the construction of the building. To install in an existing object, a project of systems is created by analogy with fire alarm.
In most cases, it is developing a design organization, but sometimes other options are also possible. The solution of this issue depends on the complexity of the task and risks associated with the occurrence of fire. Responsibility for the design lies on its developer and partially at the customer.
The statement of the project in state supervisory bodies is not required if there are no deviations from it in the construction process. In other situations, approval is necessary.
However, in practice, customers and system designers automatic fire extinguishing Apply to state supervisory authorities for approval to make sure that the planned technical solutions with the current standards and get a kind of audit before passing the facility into operation.
The project consists of two parts - theoretical and graphic. The first describes the selected equipment, materials and causes for this. Decisions are necessarily reinforced by calculations. For example, for water or water fire extinguishing systems, the amount of fire extinguishing agent is sufficient to eliminate and localize the fire.
To reinforce the design of arguments, calculations of the number of elements of the system (modules, aggregates) are made. All this is a confirmation of the effectiveness of the scheduled object protection.
The graphic part includes floor plans indicating equipment accommodation, system connection schemes of the system, cable wiring and other communications, in particular for the fire water supply line.
Designing fire extinguishing installations - largely an individual process that affects the features of the object. Before its creation is determined by:
The first item is especially important for design, as special rules apply for a separate object category. In addition, the choice of equipment and fire extinguishing agent depends on the building. Powder is not suitable for warehouses with rubber products ( car tires) or tree. And water should not be hungry hot coal and many metals, despite the efficiency and popularity of these substances in other cases.
Floor plans for design clearly indicate the arrangement and number of equipment. For example, designing systems and installations gas fire extinguishing always assumes a certain number of modules for efficient work When a fire is detected, smoke.
If the project is developed before the construction of the object is started, it largely simplifies the planning of fire extinguishing systems. T.D. Communication (water supply, electricity of the net) Calculate so that they ensure the work of all elements.
If the installation is made for finished building Or facilities, the customer provides schemes and drawings of existing communications to connect water, foam, gas, gas systems to them.
The question of compatibility affects the content of the system. According to the rules, all elements should work well and prove it at the design stage. If you need to replace the sensor or other device that stopped producing and selling, choose analogue, it is desirable to confirm its compatibility in the project organization.
The indoors measure the differences of air temperature. This affects the choice of the type of system and the stages of its design. Sometimes the choice of fire extinguishing substance depends on this, since not all are suitable for extinguishing low temperaturesBut most often this indicator determines the type of sensors and their configuration. Design of water and foam automatic installations Fire extinguishing takes into account the air temperature in the room when the choice of sprinkler rods is justified.
Classification of buildings will help determine which substances and materials are used and are indoors. This parameter is a supplement to the rest affecting the choice of the type of fire extinguishing systems and the places of their installation at the initial stages of the design.
Features of the choice of building lead to the use of gas or after justification in the theoretical part of the documentation.
The main characteristics of fire extinguishing systems, which take into account when designing, can be reduced into a single list:
Calculations during the design are carried out on the standards and rules corresponding to the specific type of installations and a fire extinguishing agent. For foam systems and spend hydraulic tests According to operational documentation.
The type of system is important for calculating the response time and the boundaries of the protected zone. The first, it allows us to find out efficiency. Secondly, learn whether people from a building or room will be evacuated. It is known that powder fire extinguishing can cause harm to the human body, like gas. Calculations for the premises under consideration are made for the most dangerous factors of fire.
Water fire extinguishing has a lot of advantages and is widespread. In his favor, we can give the problem of other types of systems: after installation, the load on their elements is significantly increased and does not coincide with the calculations in the theoretical part of the project for various reasons. Then you have to make changes to the project to achieve the legality of the re-equipment of the system.
However, it is not characteristic. Its use is justified in premises with a large cluster of people, it is effectively cooled, and the cost of equipment is relatively low.
Foam fire extinguishing, as well as water, is a sprinkler and drainage type, depending on the constructive execution and starting after responding to sensors or manual start. Particular attention is paid to the form of a jet and coverage of the protected area.
It is necessary to calculate the optimal diameter of the pipeline to ensure the effect of the fire extinguishing agent on constructive elements. The difference of foaming from - the terms of use and maintenance (characteristics of the room, materials and substances in it).
Another almost universal version is a powder fire extinguishing. Such systems require thorough calculations of the number of modules that should cover the room. Full protection of the object is also ensured by their correct placement, which is included in the design plan.
Designing fire extinguishing installations is quite difficult task. Make a competent project and correctly choose the equipment is sometimes not so easy, not only for beginner designers, but also for engineers with experience. Many objects with their own characteristics and requirements (or their complete absence in regulatory documents). Seeing the need for our clients, Uz Takir developed a separate program in 2014 and began regularly conducting training on the design of fire extinguishing facilities for specialists from different regions of Russia.
Why many listeners chose TC Takir and our fire fighting course:
Training design fire extinguishing is carried out:
Practitioners practices with experience in designing fire extinguishing systems for more than 10 years, representatives of the VNIIPO and the Academy of GPS EMERCOM of Russia, specialists of leading firms that provide consulting services for the design of fire protection systems.
Courses are held 1 time per quarter. Employees of the Training Center advise in advance to be recorded on them by filling out an application on the website or by phone. After consideration of your application, employees agree on the date of study. Only after that you will be sent for payment and contract.
At the end of the fire fighting course, an identity for advanced training is issued.
Education at the rate Designing of fire extinguishing systems is carried out in the CEC classes "Takir" in Moscow or with departure to the customer's territory (for groups from 5 people).
Training program "Designing fire extinguishing installations" by day:
Day 1.
Day 2.
- determination of water consumption and the number of rods,
- Determination of pipeline diameters, pressure in nodal points, pressure loss in pipelines, control unit and shut-off reinforcement, consumption on the subsequent dictatoring rods within the protected area, determination of the total settlement consumption of the installation.
Day 3.
The main stages of the development of modern autonomous means of powder fire extinguishing. Fire extinguishing powders and extinguishing principles. Fire extinguishing modules, species and features, applications. The work of autonomous fire extinguishing installations based on powder modules.
Regulatory framework of the Russian Federation and the requirements for the design of powdered fire extinguishing facilities. Estimated methods Designing modular fire extinguishing installations.
Modern methods of alert and control - types fire and Security Alarm And control devices automatic fire extinguishing systems. Wireless automatic system Fire extinguishing, alarm and alerts "Garant-R".
Day 4.
Selection of gas fire extinguishing agent. Features of applying specific respirations, inergen, CO2, NOVEC 1230. Overview of the market for other gas extinguishing substances.
Develop a design task. View and composition of the design task. Specific subtleties.
Calculation of the mass of the gas fire extinguishing agent. Calculation of the opening area for resetting overpressure
Development of an explanatory note. Maintenance technical solutions and the concept of the future project. Equipment selection and placement
Creating workers drawings. Where to start and what to pay attention to. Design pipe wiring. Calculation of hydraulic streams. Methods for optimization. Demonstration of calculation. Experience in applying programs in real objects.
Drawing up the specifications of equipment and materials. Development of tasks for adjacent sections.
Day 5.
Basic terms and definitions. HDD classification. Analysis of existing international and domestic standards and regulatory documents. The main design features of the EPU component equipment. The most important nomenclature and parameters of the HPV technical means. The main aspects of the choice pumping installations HPV. Features of the ERW device of high-rise buildings. A brief algorithm for hydraulic calculation of the ERD. Basic requirements for the design of HVI and determining the distance between fire cranes. Basic requirements for the installation and operation of the EIV.
Responsible persons, organization of maintenance oversight. Registration of materials based on the results of installation. Features of acceptance of the AUPT. Documentation presented during acceptance.
16.40-17.00
Complete certification in the form of credit. Registration of accounting documents. Issuing certificates.
| Learning dates |
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Publisher: VNIIPO EMERCOM of the Russian Federation
Year of publication: 2002
Pages: 431.
The authors of the compilers set themselves the task of focusing in a small amount of allowance to maximize the main provisions of a large number of regulatory documents related to the design of fire automation.
The norms of design of water and foam AUP are given.
The features of the design of modular and robotic fire extinguishing facilities are considered, as well as the AUP with reference to high-altitude mechanized warehouses.
Particular attention is paid to a detailed presentation of the rules for the development of a technical task for design, the main provisions on the coordination and approval of this task are formulated.
The content and procedure for designing a working draft are prescribed in detail, including an explanatory note.
The main volume of educational and methodological manual and the annexes contain the necessary reference material, in particular terms and definitions, conditional notation, recommended regulatory and technical documentation and technical literature in relation to various types Water and foamless, list of manufacturers of water-based AUP, examples of designing water and foam AUP, including the implementation of the calculations and drawing up drawings.
In detail describes the main provisions of the current domestic regulatory and technical documentation in the field of water-based AUP.
Described hydraulic calculation algorithm hydraulic networks AUP, intensity; Irrigation, specific consumption, consumption and pressure section of the water and foam distribution pipeline. The algorithm for calculating the specific consumption of water curtains created by the general purpose irrigation is given.
The educational and methodological manual corresponds to the main provisions of the current NTD in the field of AUP and may be useful for training employees of organizations engaged in the design of automatic fire extinguishing installations. The manual may be of interest to managers of enterprises and engineering and technical composition specializing in the field of automatic fire protection of objects.
Similar sections
see also
Automatic fire extinguishing / tutorial settings. - M.: Academy of GPS Emergencies Ministry of Russia, 2007. - 298C. The textbook considers the principles for building technical means of fire automation. Methods for calculating plants of water, foam, gas, powder and aerosol fire extinguishing are given. The principles of constructing automatic fire protection systems of objects, the functioning of the installation instrument of installations and microprocessor systems are set out. Dana OS ...
M. 1979, 368 pp. The book contains information about the conditions for the emergence, development and suppression of fires, the theoretical foundations of the mechanism of exposure to various flames for the flame are described, and fire extinguishing methods are described and analyzed. The newest technical and scientific advances in the settlement, design and practical use of fire protection systems are reflected. Different types of fire settings are considered ...
Kiev: Budvelnik, 1980. - 116 p. Series: Builder Library. The designer engineer in the book provides classification and brief characteristics Fire extinguishing substances and automatic fire extinguishing installations, selection and methods for calculating automatic installations during design industrial buildings and structures depending on different conditions (functional, technological, planning and other); Lights automation issues ...
M.: Stroyzdat, 1983 Theoretical foundations for calculating the pneumatic transportation of fire extinguishing powders with a high concentration of the mixture are outlined. The requirements for designing powder fire extinguishing devices are formulated. The main sizes of powder facilities are considered and examples of their use are given to extinguish fire and oil fountain fires, high-resistant warehouses, basement, oil railway rail ...
// "Russian Tax Courier", N 23, December 2010 - 17 C. Table of contents Declaration fire safety and evaluation of fire risk procedure for the preparation of the declaration. Reflection of the costs of drafting the primary means of fire extinguishing. Expenses for the purchase of fire extinguishing funds costs for recharging fire extinguishers Fire alarm system Expenses for fire alarm in private building Fire alarm costs in rented s ...
Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Disaster
Federal State Institution "All-Russian Order" Honor Sign "Scientifier Institute of Fire Defense" (FSU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)
LM Mesman, s.g. Tsarichenko, V.A. Mobinkin, V.V. Aleshin, R.Yu. Gubin
Design of water and foam automatic fire extinguishing installations
Teaching manual
Under the general edition of N.P. Kopylova
Moscow 2002.
1.1. General provisions
1.2. Temporary and hydraulic parameters of fire extinguishing installations with water and low and medium foam foam
1.3. Features of the design of traditional fire extinguishing sprinkler
1.4. Features of the design of traditional drainage fire extinguishing installations
1.5. Features of designing fire extinguishing installations with highly prior foam
Base regulatory documentation: www.complexdoc.ru.
2. Features of the design of the AUP stationary high-altitude shelving warehouses
2.1. General provisions
2.2. Requirements for automatic fire extinguishing installations in the high-altitude storage area with stationary racks
2.3. Requirements for the planning of warehouses and racks
3. Features of designing fire extinguishing installations with sprayed water
4. Features of the design of robotic fire extinguishing installations and fire extinguishing facilities with stationary remote controlled boilers
5. Pumping stations
6. Requirements for the placement and maintenance of component equipment AUP
7. Requirements for water supply and preparation of foamy
8. Requirements for automatic and auxiliary water supplies
9. Requirements for pipelines
9.1. General provisions
9.2. Features of the use of plastic pipelines
10. Power supply installations
11. Electrical control and alarm
Section 2. Procedure for developing a task to design AUP
1. Study of the features of the protected object
Base of regulatory documentation: www.complexdoc.ru
2. General provisions on the procedure for the development, coordination and approval of the design task
3. Basic requirements for AUP
4. Procedure for the design task
5. Procedure for designing design
6. List of documentation submitted by the organization-developer organization-customer
Section III. Procedure for the development of the project AUP
1. Justification of the choice of AUP
1.1. Selection of fire extinguishing matter
1.2. Calculation of the response time of the AUP
1.3. Calculation of the critical time of the fire required to ensure timely evacuation of people
1.4. Calculation of critical time to ensure a decrease in fire damage
1.5. Clarification of the fire extinguishing method
1.6. Economic calculation
2. The composition of design and estimate documentation
2.1. Basic concepts
2.2. General provisions
2.3. Explanatory note
2.4. Vedomosti
2.5. Estimated documentation
Base of regulatory documentation: www.complexdoc.ru
2.6. Source requirements for the development of design documentation
2.7. The composition of design and estimate documentation at the project stage
2.8. The composition of design and estimate documentation at the work project stage
2.9. The composition of design and estimate documentation at the stage working documentation
2.10. Registration of project volumes, work project, working documentation
3. Workers drawings
3.1. General provisions
3.2. common data
3.3. Catching from General Alan, situational plan
3.4. Plans and cuts of pipeline wiring and placement of equipment in protected areas, premises of control nodes, pumping stations
3.5. Plans, cuts (species) of cable wiring, wires and alignment of electrical equipment in protected areas, premises of control nodes, pumping stations, fire station posts
3.7. Drawing, slopes, marks, inscriptions
3.8. Blueprints common species Nepical structures and equipment
3.9. Rules for performing specifications
3.10. cable magazine
3.11. Specifications of equipment, products and materials
Section IV. Hydraulic calculation of water and foaming installations
Base of regulatory documentation: www.complexdoc.ru
1. Hydraulic calculation of water and foam installations (low and medium multiplicity)
Fire extinguishing
1.1. Order of hydraulic calculation
1.2. Determination of the required pressure from the rod at a given irrigation intensity
1.3. Hydraulic pressure loss in pipelines
1.4. Hydraulic calculation of distribution and supply pipelines
1.5. Features of calculating the Parameters of the AUU with a volume fire extinguishing of foam low and medium variability
1.6. Hydraulic calculation of the parameters of fire extinguishing installations with high-time foam
2. Determination of the specific consumption of irriments to create water curtains
3. Pump installations
Section V. Coordination and General Principles of Expertise Projects AUP
1. Coordination of the projects of the AUP with the police officers
2. General Principles Examination of Projects AUP
Section VI. Regulatory documents, requirements of which are subject to accounting when developing a project for water and foam fire extinguishing installations
LITERATURE
Appendix 1 Terms and Definitions Applied to Water and Foam AUP
Appendix 2 Conditional graphic designations of the AUP and their elements
Base of regulatory documentation: www.complexdoc.ru
Appendix 3 Definition of the Specific Fire Load
Appendix 4 List of products subject to mandatory fire safety certification (fire safety equipment)
Appendix 5 Manufacturers of water and foaming products
Appendix 6 Technical means of Water and Foam AUP
P6.1. The main parameters of domestic foaming agents
P6.2. The main parameters of pumping units
P6.3. Basic technical parameters of a robotic fire extinguishing installation UPR-1 OJSC "Tula Plant Arsenal"
P6.4. Irrigation cards of the Water Ribs Biysky on "Specavtomatika"
Appendix 7 Handbook of Basic Prices for Design Works on Fire Protection Objects
Appendix 8 List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations
Appendix 9 Example of calculating the sprinkler (drakecal) distribution network of water and foaming AUP
Appendix 10 Example of Water AUP's work project
Appendix 11 Example of technical assignment to the development of a Water AUP's work project
Appendix 12 Example of a Water AUP Water Project Workshop
Base of regulatory documentation: www.complexdoc.ru
P.12.1. Explanatory note to the work project
P.12.2. Registration of workers drawings
Reference section
The authors of the compilers set themselves the task of focusing in a small amount of allowance to maximize the main provisions of a large number of regulatory documents related to the design of fire automation.
The norms of design of water and foam AUP are given. The features of the design of modular and robotic fire extinguishing facilities are considered, as well as the AUP with reference to high-altitude mechanized warehouses.
Particular attention is paid to a detailed presentation of the rules for the development of a technical task for design, the main provisions on the coordination and approval of this task are formulated. The content and procedure for designing a working draft are prescribed in detail, including an explanatory note.
The main volume of educational and methodological manual and the application to it contains the necessary reference material, in particular terms and definitions, conditional designations, recommended regulatory and technical documentation and technical literature in relation to various types of water and foam AUP, list of manufacturers of water-based AUP, designers of water design and foam AUP, including the fulfillment of calculations and drawing up drawings.
In detail describes the main provisions of the current domestic regulatory and technical documentation in the field of water-based AUP.
It is described by the hydraulic calculation algorithm of the AUP hydraulic networks, the intensity of irrigation, specific consumption, consumption and pressure section of the water and foam distribution pipeline. The algorithm for calculating the specific consumption of water curtains created by the general purpose irrigation is given.
The educational and methodological manual corresponds to the main provisions of the current NTD in the field of AUP and may be
Base of regulatory documentation: www.complexdoc.ru
useful to educate employees of organizations engaged in the design of automatic fire extinguishing installations. The manual may be of interest to managers of enterprises and engineering and technical composition specializing in the field of automatic fire protection of objects.
The authors of the compilers are grateful to Cosmic CJSC and CJSC "Engineering Center - Special Authority" for the design materials presented, which are used in applications 10 - 12 of this manual.
1.1.1. Automatic installation of water and foam fire extinguishing (AUP) should be designed with regard toGOST
12.1.019, GOST 12.3.046, GOST 12.4.009, GOST 15150, GOST R 50588, GOST R 50680, GOST R 50800, NPB 03-93, NPB 88-2001, NPB 110-99 *, SNiP 2.04.02- 84 *, SNIP 11-01-95, SNIP 21.01-97 *
and other regulatory documents operating in this area, as well as construction features of protected buildings, premises and structures, the possibility and conditions for the use of fire extinguishing substances, based on the nature technological process production.
1.1.2. The provisions outlined in this section do not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing installations:
Base of regulatory documentation: www.complexdoc.ru
- buildings and structures projected by special standards;
- technological attitudes located outside the buildings;
- buildings of warehouses with mobile racks;
- buildings of warehouses for storing products in aerosol packaging;
- warehouses of warehouses with a height of warehousing of goods more than 5.5 m.
1.1.3. The provisions set out in this section do not apply to the design of fire extinguishing facilities designed to extend the fires of class D (according to GOST 27331),
but also chemically active substances and materials, including:
- reacting with a fire extinguishing substance with an explosion (aluminumorganic compounds, alkali metals);
- decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing substance with separation of combustible gases (lithiumorganic compounds, lead azide, hydrides of aluminum, zinc, magnesium);
- interacting with a fire extinguishing substance with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, termitimit);
- self-turning substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).
1.1.4. Protection of external technological installations with an appeal of explosion hazardous substances and materials by automatic fire extinguishing installations is determined by departmental regulatory documentsagreed with the main department of state fire service EMERCOM of Russia and approved in the prescribed manner.
1.1.6. Electricity reliability installations should be treated according toPue to Categories I category.
1.1.7. AUP according to GOST 12.4.009 must be safe
in operation, when installing and commissioning for service personnel and persons working in the protected area.
Base of regulatory documentation: www.complexdoc.ru
1.1.8. Execution of electrical equipment included in the AUP, must comply with the requirements of the operation and category of the protected room along fire and explosion hazard and the aggressiveness of the medium according toPue-98, GOST
12.2.003, GOST 12.2.007.0, GOST 12.4.009, GOST 12.1.019.
1.1.9. The AUP must provide:
- triggering over time not exceeding the duration of the initial stage of fire development (critical time for free fire development)GOST 12.1.004;
- the necessary intensity of irrigation or specific consumption fire extinguishing agent;
- fire extinguishing to eliminate or localize a fire during the time required for the introduction of operational forces and funds;
- required reliability of operation.
1.1.10. Automatic fire extinguishing installations must be performed simultaneously and automatic fire alarm functions. In sprinkler installations, the fluid flow signaling devices can be used to perform this function, and in the absence of the latter - pressure sensors on control nodes.
1.1.11. The type of installation and the fire extinguishing agent must be chosen depending on the technological, constructive andthere are currently planning features of protected buildings and premises, in accordance with existing regulatory documents, as well as taking into account the fire hazard and physicochemical properties of manufactured and used substances and materials, a feasibility study of the use of fire extinguishers, the use of which may have a hazardous effect on materials. Instruments and equipment located in protected areas.
1.1.12. The speed of water in the supply and distribution pipes AUP should not exceed 10 m / s. The speed of movement of water in the pipelines of fire cranes (if the AUP water pipe is aligned with the internal fireproof water supply) must correspond to the recommended values \u200b\u200bshown in Table.I.1.1. Permissible speed
Base of regulatory documentation: www.complexdoc.ru
water movements through fire cranes should not exceed 2.5 m / s.
Table I.1.1
Water speed in the pipeline
Water movement speed, m / s, with pipe diameter, mm |
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Water consumption, l / s |
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NOTE. Bold fonts highlighted recommended values \u200b\u200bof water movement speed in the pipeline.
1.1.13. Water and water products can not be applied to extinguish the following materials:
- aluminumorganic compounds (reaction with explosion);
- lithiumorganic compounds; azide lead; alkali metal carbides; hydrides of a number of metals - aluminum, magnesium, zinc; calcium carbides, aluminum, barium (decomposition with separation of combustible gases);
- sodium hydrosulfite (self-burning);
- sulfuric acid, termites, titanium chloride (strong exothermic effect);
- packing sodium, fats, oils, petrolatum (enhancing combustion as a result of emissions, splashing, boiling).
1.1.14. In the device of fire extinguishing installations in buildings and structures with the presence of separate rooms in them, where only the standards are required fire alarm, instead of it, taking into accounta technical and economic justification is allowed to provide for the protection of these premises by fire extinguishing installations. In this case, the intensity of the supply of the fire extinguishing agent should be made regulatory.
1.1.15. If the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises to be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations is 40%
and more than the area of \u200b\u200bthe floors of the building or facilities, the equipment of the building should be provided for the construction, structures in general
