For water supply at home or watering of the garden use pumps. There are they different species and designs and each of them finds its scope. If you need an inexpensive and reliable device for pumping water from a well, a deck or some tank, pay attention to the self-priming pump. This is relatively inexpensive devices that are installed on the surface, swing water can from quite a decent depth - 8-9 m. If necessary, the model is supplemented with ejectors, then the suction depth increases to 20-35 m.
Self-priming pumps swing water from a depth of 8-9 meters, and at the same time are on the surface. Water rises due to the fact that in the central part of the case, due to the movement of the wheels with blades, the area is created. low pressure. In an effort to fill it, the water rises up. So it turns out that the pump sucks water.
Appearance of the self-priming pump
Like any other pump, self-priming consists of an engine and a working chamber, in which the injection mechanism is located. Pump and engine shafts are connected through the coupling, the reliability of the compound and tightness is determined by the type of the seal. Theovers are two types:
There are models of self-priming pumps with magnetic couplings. They do not require seals, since it does not have through connections. This is today the most reliable designBut the most expensive too.
By the method of action, the self-priming pump may be vortex and centrifugal. In both key link, the impeller only has a different structure and installed in the case of different shapes. From this is changing the principle of work.
Centrifugal
Centrifugal self-priming pumps have an interesting structure of the working chamber - in the form of a snail. In the center of the housing are fixed working wheels. The wheel can be one, then the pump is called a single-stage, maybe several - a multistage design. Single-stage always operate on one power, multistage can, depending on the conditions, change the performance, respectively, are more economical (less power consumption).
Self-primary centrifugal pump device
The main working element in this design is a wheel with blades. The blades are bent in the opposite direction towards the movement of the wheel. When moving, they caught the water, squeezing it to the walls of the case. Such a phenomenon is called centrifugal strength, and the zone between the blades and the wall is called "difuses". So, the impeller moves, creating an increased pressure area on the periphery and pushing the water towards the outlet.
Water Movement Scheme in Centrifugal Pump
Simultaneously in the center of the impeller, a reduced pressure zone is formed. It sucks water from the feed pipeline (suction line). In the figure above, the incoming water is indicated by yellow arrows. Next, it pushes the impeller to the walls and at the expense of centrifugal force rises upstairs. This process is constant and endless, repeated until the shaft is spinning.
With the principle of centrifugal pumps, their disadvantage is associated with the centrifugal pumps: to create centrifugal power from the air of the impeller cannot, therefore, the body is filled with water before work. Since there are often pumps in the intermittent mode, so that the water does not flow out from the housing when stopped, they put on the suction nozzle check valve. These are the features of the work of centrifugal self-priming pumps. If the check valve (it must be necessary) on the feed pipe stands at the bottom, it is necessary to fill in the entire pipeline, and for this you will need not one liter.
The vortex self-priming pump is distinguished by the structure of the case and the impeller. The impeller is a disk with short radial partitions located at the edges. It is called impeller.
The structure of the vortex pump
The body is made so that it is quite tightly covered by a "flat" part of the impeller, and in the partition area there remains a significant side gap. When rotating the impeller, water is fond of jumpers. Due to the centrifugal force, it is pressed to the walls, but after some distance again falls into the area of \u200b\u200bthe partitions, getting an additional portion of energy. Thus, in the gaps, it is also twisted in vortices. It turns out a dual vortex flow, which gave the name of the equipment.
Due to the features of the operation, the vortex pumps can create a pressure of 3-7 times greater than the centrifugal (with the same wheel sizes and speed). They are ideal when low consumption is needed and high pressure. Another plus - they can swing a mixture of water and air, sometimes even create a vacuum if they are filled with air only. It makes it easier to start it in work - it is not necessary to fill in the camera with water or its enough small amount. Lack of vortex pumps - low efficiency. It cannot be higher than 45-50%.
The largest depth with which superficial vortex and centrifugal pumps can lift water - 8-9 meters, often it is located deeper. To "extract" it from there, an ejector is installed on pumps. This is a special tube of a special form, which when water moves through it creates discharge at the entrance. So such devices also refer to the discharge of self-priming. The ejector self-priming pump can raise water from a depth of 20-35 m, and this is already more than enough for most sources.
Connection Scheme of a remote ejector for well-diameter wells - two-link on the right, four-dimensional left
The disadvantage is that to ensure work, part of the understanding water must be returned back, therefore, performance is significantly reduced - such a pump can provide not very large water consumption, but electricity to ensure efficiency is not less spent. When installing the injector into a well or well, a sufficient width into a source lowers two pipelines - one feeding larger diameter, the second, returnable, smaller. Ejector is connected to their outputs, and the filter and the check valve are installed at the end. In this case, the disadvantage is also obvious - double pipe consumption, and therefore - more expensive installation.
In the wells of small diameter, one pipeline is used - feed, and instead of the reverse, the casing tube of wells is used. Thus, the area of \u200b\u200bthe vacuum is also formed.
First, general features:
Now about what differences between vortex and centrifugal models. The vortex pumps are more compact, it is less, but when working is published more noise. Centrifugal - more quiet, the output creates a small pressure. The vortex with the same impeller sizes and the speed of its rotation can create pressure of 3-7 times more. But it is impossible to say that this is their dignity - it is not always a big pressure at the exit. For example, it is not needed when watering the garden and the garden. Water supplied with high pressure Just the soil just reveals the roots. Therefore, as a pump for irrigation, it is better to take a self-priming centrifugal type pump.
High pressure at the output may be required when organizing the water supply system at home. Here it will be necessary to characterize the vortex pumps. There is only one disadvantage: they cannot provide a big consumption. So more often for these purposes use the same centrifugal, but in a pair with a hydroaccumulator. True, then it turns out the pumping station.
Surface centrifugal pumps must be filled with water before launching
The main drawback of surface centrifugal self-priming pumps is the need to fill them with water before starting. Not the most pleasant occupation, which adds trouble when using such a pump for watering.
Self-priming pump: device, principle of operation, application
For the device for efficient autonomous water supply systems in country cottages, private houses and summer cottages, self-priming water pumps are required. From the title it follows that this equipment is capable of being at a short distance, from the source of water intake, lift the fluid from the depth, passing it "through itself". Product Manufacturers are distinguished by the purpose and a number of specifications that need to be studied when choosing a pump for domestic use. Quite often, self-priming pumps in autonomous suburban water supply systems go along with cumulative or membrane pressure tank. True, this type of equipment is already called a pumping station.
Manufacturers produce self-priming pumps with built-in or remote ejector. In this form of pumping equipment, suction and lifting of the fluid occurs due to its discharge. During operation, ejector installations make too much noise, therefore, for their placement on the site, a special room is selected, which are at a sufficient distance from a residential building. The main advantage of self-priming pumps with an ejector lies in their ability to lift water from great depths, on average component of about 10 meters. At the same time, the supply pipe is lowered into the source of water intake, and the pump itself is set at some distance from it. This location allows you to freely control the operation of the equipment, which affects the duration of its use.
Important! For all models of household self-priming pumps of this type, it is important to ensure protection against "dry stroke" provoking the unit of the unit in most cases.
The second type of equipment includes self-priming pumps, providing water lifting without ejectors. In the models of this type of pumps, the absorption of the liquid is ensured hydraulic devicehaving a special multi-step design. Hydraulic pumps work silently unlike ejector models, but they are inferior to them in the depths of the fluid.
Device and principle of centrifugal pump
The figure shows the self-priming centrifugal type pump. In the housing having a spiral shape, a rigidly fixed wheel is located, which consists of a pair of discs with blades inserted between them. The blades are bent in the opposite direction from the direction of rotation of the impeller. With the help of a certain diameter nozzles, a pump compounds with a pressure and suction pipe.
So schematically, you can imagine a device of a self-priming centrifugal pump for pumping water used in private houses and at dachas
The principle of operation of centrifugal self-priming pumps is as follows:
Important! In the design of centrifugal pumps can be from one to several working wheels. Accordingly, the number of wheels is distinguished by single-stage and multistage pump installations. However, the number of wheels does not affect general principle Works of this equipment. In any case, the fluid moves under the action of centrifugal force generated by rotating wheels.
Principle of operation of the self-priming vortex pump
Air shown in the picture yellow, absorbed into the pump housing due to vacuum, which is created by rotating the impeller (impeller). Next, the air mixing inside the pump, with the working fluid contained in the unit of the unit. In the figure, this fluid is depicted in blue.
This figure shows the device and the principle of operation of the vortex self-priming pump for lifting the fluid to a height of no more than eight meters.
After entering the mixture of air and fluid to the working chamber, these components are separated from each other, based on the difference of their densities. In this case, the separated air is derived through the feeding line, and the fluid recycres in the working chamber. When all air is removed from the suction line, the pump is filled with water and starts working in the centrifugal installation mode.
Possible options for performing vortex self-priming water pumps manufactured by manufacturers for household owners of private houses and suburban cottages
A reverse valve is installed on the suction flange, which is designed to prevent reverse air from the pipeline, as well as to provide a permanent presence in the cellular fluid pump. Thanks to such a device and principle of action, vortex self-priming pumps are capable of a flooded chamber to provide a lifting of a fluid from a depth not exceeding eight meters, without installing a bottom valve.
Important! Vortex pumps are calculated on pumping not only water, but also liquid-air mixtures.
The centrifugal unit in dimensions is more massive than a self-priming vortex water pump, which is characterized by compact sizes. But centrifugal pumps publish little noise, which is important when operating in everyday life. The vortex models are implemented at a lesser price, which is also important for the consumer. At the same time, the water pressure created by vortex pumps, it can exceed the possibilities of centrifugal models to seven times.
When choosing a self-priming pump, you should not be guided only by prices, since cheap equipment may not provide normal operation of water supply systems. It is desirable to repel from the purpose of the pump and its technical characteristics. With a competent selection of the pump model and compliance with the manufacturer's recommendations, according to the method of its operation, you can count on the long functioning of the acquired equipment.
Device and principle of operation of a self-priming water pump
Self-primary type pumps - a real find for owners of wells and wells that have decided to conduct an autonomous water supply line in their country house. These compact units have reliable overheating protection. When you first start into the pump, some stipulated by the structure, the amount of water, which remains inside the case, even if the liquid in the water supply is missing completely. In this way, the designers have significantly increased the wear-resistance of the equipment. For models designed to absorb air, this precaution is not needed.
The pumps of this type are very often mounted in household pumping stations. They function according to the principle of retracting and passing through themselves, and are able to maintain a stable working pressure in the plumbing system. Working with the equipment of this type is necessary, also know how to get a pump from the well.
Thanks to reliability and high productivity, the aggregates are actively used both in everyday life and in industrial needs.
The main advantage of any self-sucking pump is in its durability. In addition, the device practically does not depend on the terms of service. The industry is produced both stationary and mobile pumps, which allows to expand their scope. The equipment easily copes with the pumping of pure water and viscous liquids. In this case, the operating temperature should not exceed +35 degrees. Although for special products this indicator is raised to one hundred degrees Celsius.
In domestic conditions, the device is used to injected water from shallow wells for water supply or a fence of open reservoirs for watering beds. With both tasks, the pump perfectly copes.
In industry, pumps have the widest application - pumping fuel oil and diesel fuel from tanks, salty and wastewater . The aggregates are not afraid of water with small splashes, sand and dirt. Therefore, powerful production models are successfully used to pump the contents of waste pits or drying small private water and pools.
The only lack of self-priming type pump is its working depth to 8-10 meters. With deeper reservoirs or wells, it will not be possible to raise water with such a pump. Most often it is not immersed in water, and is installed on the surface. The download is conducted through the hose, so the possibilities of technology in terms of deep use are somewhat limited. But there are more advanced models of submersible type, which are somewhat more expensive.
In tempting for household use characteristics are:
The pumps of self-priming type, depending on the structural features, there are several basic varieties. It is very important to choose the right pump for the well.
Pumps of centrifugal type
Consist of a housing in the form of a snail (it should always be filled with water) and the engine with a disk in the form of an impeller (that is, having special rowing blades). The impeller on large revolutions creates a vacuum on the case, which allows the pump to pull the liquid.
Vortex type pumps
The devices of this type are able to operate not only with the liquid, but also with air. They are not afraid of dry stroke. Instead of the impeller, such pumps are equipped with a special wheel (impeller), pulling air to the body and mixing it with the incoming fluid. Surplus air is removed through a separate valve. Air also contributes to the occurrence of fluid permanent and suction.
With Ejector
The aggregates of this type work on the same principles as the vortex pumps. However, the ejector allows you to make a fence from a depth of 15 to 30 meters, significantly increasing the power of the device (the standard is 8-10 meters). Such pumps are characterized by increased noise. There are models with remote ejectors, which are installed outside the residential premises, thereby solving the problem with noise.
Pumps operating in the centrifugal principle can be used for installation both on the surface and directly in water. Manufacturers produce models of both types. Specialists recommend superficial models to ensure temporary (seasonal) water supply. They are easy to maintain and mount.
If necessary, such a pump is easy to dismantle and remove storage or transfer to another place.
And submersible units are considered ideal equipment for autonomous plumbing system (Including used to work in wells to a depth of 30 meters). They are also indispensable for many hours of watering, draining the pool or flooded basement.
Any of the self-priming type pumps work at the expense of the electric motor occurring in the housing. On the hull there are two holes - intake and graduation. The first is placed in close proximity to the blades (impeller), rotating due to the generation of the torque engine on the shaft. The second is in the end part of the hull - water under pressure comes here.
The centrifugal force arising from the rotation of the impeller (or disk in the vortex type models) creates a vacuum that allows you to draw water through the hose located in the water source.
The case in centrifugal models is pre-filled with water. And the vortex pumps work at the expense of air suction, so the device of the device with water before the first launch is not filled.
The devices are equally well operating both with clean and polluted (muddy) water with an admixture of snacks and sand. For working with very dirty water, special models are available, equipped with a protective lattice filtering large particles of dirt and impurities. Such pumps are intended for pumping feces or drainage wells, wells, pools, basements.
Universal Council to select a self-priming type pump does not exist. Recommendations can be reduced to the following nuances:
Centrifugal devices have large dimensions and differ almost silent work. Their disadvantages include small performance and the ability to work with a depth of no more than 8-10 meters. This is a good choice for installation in the house and connect to a shallow well, as well as a seasonal option for watering a bed with a water fence from the river or lake.
To work with wells of medium depths, the best choice will be the vortex pump.
It is more powerful, it works with a depth of 15, and with the existing ejector and up to 30 meters. Such a pump can be installed inside the well, immersing it into water (special submersible models). We add that you need to think about choosing a pump already at the stage of drilling well.
This pump is produced by the Ukrainian brand of the same name. This is a centrifugal submersible pump. Works with full immersion in water.
The average market price is from 7,800 to 14,000 rubles, depending on the model.
This Italian pump is a typical sample of a vortex type surface pump. Working depth up to 7 meters. Used for watering, irrigation and water supply from shallow wells.
The average cost from 10,000 rubles.
Grundfos JpBasic 2.
Manufactured by the Danish manufacturer of the same name and is designed to work on the surface. Functions on the centrifugal principle. Can be used as the main node for the pumping station.
Price from 10 200 rubles.
Produced by the Latvian eponymous company. It is a immersion pump of vortex type. It is capable of submitting up to 51 liters of water per minute.
Self-priming pumps, device, principles
In life, there are often situations when it is necessary to pump water from one place to another. An example is the rise of water from a well or well, pumping out of the pool, arrangement of an autonomous water supply network. Examples can be given for a very long time. All of them are different, but each has one common part - submersible or surface self-priming water pump.
In the process of determining which machine is necessary, it is important to remember that for each specific case, the corresponding mechanism should be selected. So, the pump self-priming during work takes into account the following factors:
Usually all these parameters in averaged form are already incorporated into the productivity of the unit. But when the pump model is selected, it is better to clarify further.
The self-priming pump lifts and transmits water, eliminating the cavitation of the flow. Thanks to this feature, the apparatus works very quietly without creating the hydrowards. If we talk about the surface pump, it is not placed in water, but on the surface, and the pipe stretches to the water source.
For the production of the pump, high-quality materials are used to ensure the strength of the enclosure of this device. The apparatus itself is resistant to the effects of the aggressive environment and is characterized by high performance.
Among the characteristics that the self-priming water pump can be allocated as follows:
Along with this, the pump has one essential disadvantage - limited depth of suction, the value of which is only 9-10 meters. But manufacturers have learned to bypass this drawback. In situations where the water level is very low, ejectors use. This technique allows you to increase the depth of suction to 30-35 m.
Self-priming pump for water is perfect for domestic needs. This is a durable I. effective devicecapable of lifting water from a well or well, to carry out its transfer to the house. It is used for watering the site, and not only well, but also rivers, ponds and others can be used as a source of water. It is also used in the pool and irrigation systems. With it, the pressure is regulated in the pipeline. Therefore, the mechanism can be used in systems of autonomous water supply of household and municipal purposes. 
For this parameter, two categories of pump are distinguished: self-priming and normal asset. They differ in their response to enter the system.
The pump of normal suction turns off when air intake. The flow of water in the system is moving in gravity. The device cannot work if there is no water. Therefore, when air intake, the mechanism will work, which will turn off the operation in the "dry stroke" mode. The nuance is that in such a situation the device must be rebuilt rebuilt. 
The self-priming pump is distinguished by the fact that the air that got into the system will be removed in automatic mode. The presence of a person is not necessary. This function achieves due to the special design of the device. Air leaves through the vest, which is located at the top of the device. There is also a check valve, which will protect against air from entering. IN modern models There is a special built-in gate, thanks to which the device independently reloads. Therefore, control the operation of the system is not necessary.
Pumps centrifugal self-priming work due to the installed impeller. Depending on its structure, the principle of action of the entire unit changes. Therefore, two types of pumps are distinguished: centrifugal and vortex.
Centrifugal pumps have a working chamber, which is externally compared with snail. In the middle there is one or more working wheels. The type of device depends on their quantity: single-stage or multistage. In the first case, the pump is always working with one power. The second option is more economical, as depending on the conditions, it can change its power (performance). 
The blades that are curved in the opposite direction of movement of the wheel are installed on the impeller. When the wheel moves, the centrifugal force is created, the high pressure zone is formed on the periphery and the water is pushed to the output from the chamber. The reduced pressure zone is formed in the center, that is, in the working wheel. It is here that water comes from the feeding nozzle. From here due to the movement of the blades and the created centrifugal force, the liquid flows to the chamber wall.
The principle of operation is characterized by one disadvantage: before launching the pump must be filled with water. This is due to the fact that the centrifugal force cannot form from the air. So that the water from the housing does not flow out, the feed valve is set to the feeding nozzle.
The pump is different from the centrifugal structure of the impeller, which is a disk with radial partitions along the edges.
The case of the device closely adjacent to that part of the impeller on which there are no partitions. The second part involves the presence of a gap. Under the action of centrifugal force when the water moves, water due to partitions is repelled to the periphery of the case. But at a certain distance it returns back to the zone of radial partitions, having obtained additional energy at the same time. The jet of water collide and form the vortex streams. 
The pump is characterized by a superficial self-priming this type also by the fact that, due to its design, it is capable of creating greater pressure, which is approximately 7 times higher than that of the centrifugal pump with the same size of the impeller. Another plus of this device is that it can even work in the presence of air in the case. Thanks to this, run the equipment is much easier.
But there is a disadvantage. It consists in low efficiency ratio, about 45-50%.
As already noted, the self-priming pump cannot lift water if the depth of the fence exceeds 8-9 meters. This significantly narrows functionality equipment. Such a disadvantage can be eliminated by applying the ejector. When this element is turned on into the system, the depth of the water intake increases to 40 m. Together with it, it increases the possible distance from the equipment to the source.
It is worth noting that when the remote ejector is added to the water intake system, its efficiency is greatly reduced and is 30-35%. 
Parts are frequent when you need to pump dirty water. In such situations, a self-priming pump for dirty water is suitable, performing the following functions:
By its design, such pumps can be immersible and surface. In the first case, the device does not need additional sleeves for work, as it is installed on the bottom of the source. In turn, submersible devices can be drainage, well, fecal, well.
If the pump is rarely used, it is better to choose superficial. It is mounted next to the container in which a special sleeve is lowered. A fluid pumping through it is carried out. Select pressure, garden, universal, circulating pumps.
As can be seen, the appropriate version of the self-priming sleeves can be chosen for any situation. This is a reliable, economical and durable device, which allows you to effectively perform the necessary work.
Self-priming pump for water
Surface pump is designed to provide water building. It is also used for watering a plot. The device is installed in the well, well, water branch, etc. It is capable of lifting water from different depths. This indicator depends on the model, varieties of equipment, as well as the use of additional devices.
So, from what depth of the surface pump can raise water?
So, most often equipment can lift water from such a depth:
With the depth of the well or well, more than 25 meters specialists are advised to purchase well pumps, since in this case the cost of the equipment is actually equalized. At a depth of more than 30 meters it is more profitable to purchase well devices, as they consume much less electricity than superficial with an ejector.
It is important to take into account the distance from the house to the well or well. Each 1000 cm corresponds to 100 cm of the depth of the well. With a large distance from the structure to the reservoir from buying a traditional surface pump it is better to refuse, as its use will be inappropriate. In this case, equipment with an ejector is applied. Such devices are capable of working at great depth.
The maximum depth of water lifting is limited by the laws of physics. In most cases, the models are designed for transporting fluid from a depth of 7-8 meters. It is worth noting that most manufacturers are reinsured and underestimated the maximum suction depth. This is due to improper operation of the device.
Most surface pumps have a capacity of 3-5 m3 / hour. They create a pressure of 45-60 meters of water column, that is, actually 4.5-6 bar. In this case, the height of the structure should be taken into account. For high cottages, models should be purchased with maximum water pressure.
Also, when choosing, pay attention to the specifications of devices. It is important that the performance of the device is slightly lower than the performance of the well itself. It protects equipment from premature failure. It should be borne in mind that the productivity of the well in the sandy rock is lower, the performance of the artesian well.
The installed pump station for the well will help solve a lot of problems: it will be possible to fill various containers with water and also easily empty them, water the loft, irrigate the gardens and much more. That is, autonomous hydraulic systems will make a country life much more comfortable.
In addition, this system may be a link in a common network, with which it is possible to adjust the pressure and water pressure. Let's describe in more detail which stations for the well is better to choose and how to connect the pumping station to the well.
Each well is different from each other. technical featureswhich should be specified in the passport. It should be considered that choosing pumping stations for wells. What to relate to these characteristics:
Useful advice: Better Do not purchase a pumping station, if you have not yet received documents on the well. After all, the work of the water system is completely dependent on all technical nuances.
The pumping equipment consists of the following components:
This is a device that protects the hydraulic effect from the reverse outflow of water. The valve turns on automatically, and, depending on the characteristics of the device, it can be used both vertical and horizontal connection. But the installation you need to produce strictly along the water flow. This is the necessary component for any pump, as it protects the water supply system from various emergencies.
Highly important detail pump that provides uninterrupted and effective work hydraulic system. If the equipment is launched without a filter, it will be very quickly disabled due to wear of important structural elements. The input filter carries out coarse water purification from the pollution of even the smallest fractions that come out of the well depths. The filter can always be removed independently, to clean it and install back. This fact will save the pump owner time and money.
The pump tank has two sections - one with compressed air, the second - with water. This tank allows the pump not to stop its work if the electricity is turned off. Water injected into the tank in advance enters pipes under the pressure of the air and does not flow back, as it slows down the check valve.
This tank works as a hydroaccumulator and provides normal water flow due to the pressure being created. Thanks to this element, the pump can work smoothly for a long time with the minimum number of shutdown inclusions. The water supply of the tank is about 25 liters, so the tenants of the house will not remain without water with the absence of electricity. In addition, there is no need to install additional accumulative containers.
When the pump is turned on, water begins to the hydroaccumulator, which creates pressure in all pipes. As soon as the water tap is open somewhere, whether it is a bath, a kitchen or a watering hose, the pressure is reduced. Next, the switch is triggered, which drives the pump.
The water being injected again, thereby compensating for its consumption, and again lifting pressure. Pumping a certain amount, the unit automatically turns off. How to install a pumping station to work without stopping? She just needs constant power supply and the required water level.
For country house The optimal option will be the installation of a pumping station in a well having self-priming and centrifugal package and built-in ejector. What is its advantages?
Pumps having an external ejector are suitable for more depth wells (more than 45 meters). To mount the pump, you must first install in a special utility room for the station itself, and then the ejector itself, which is then omitted to depth. One pipe raises water, the second serves it in the ejector.
There was no shortcomings here: such pumps are sensitive to air flows and various earthy impurities.
Plus the pump is that the station can be placed in the house, and the ejector is installed in the well. They can be removed from each other by 25 meters.
This is a very important technical characteristic for any pump, as some of them raise water only with eight meter depths, while others from 20 to 45 meters.
It's important to know! If a low suction depth is indicated in the station's technical passport, it does not mean that it cannot be used for deeper wells.
If the groundwater is located deeper 10 meters, submersible pumps are used. They are installed in the well on the desired depthTo ensure normal water supply. Feed height can be quite large. For example, if the depth of the well is 70 meters, then the pump can be installed by 40 meters.
In the hot season, connecting the pumping station to the well with your own hands, can occur anywhere, it is necessary, only, place it next to the hydroature. How to establish a station in cold weather? Just place it inside the closed room, in order to avoid freezing pipes.
Installation of the pumping station implies some rules:
The scoring or Abyssinian well is very wise and favorable solutionchoosing for autonomous System Water supply in a private house. The main feature of such a water connection is a small diameter (1-2 inches). It is this fact that allows us to refer to such a type of hydraulic division, moreover, with your own hands, the slaughterhouse is much easier to create than other sources.
Due to the narrow diameter, the use of surface pumping equipment is meant. Now in Russia it takes great popularity.
Abyssinian wells are quite simply arranged and characterized by high speed. You can prepare such a source absolutely on any terrain. In addition, the question of how to connect the pumping station to the well, will not confuse even an inexperienced person. The scheme is very simple and work takes 3-4 hours. For installation, you will need only two pairs of hands, as you do not have to face complex technical processes.
Until recently, it was infrequently resorted to such a type of wells, then the water from it was resolved strongly contaminated due to poor-quality filtration. But then, at the end of the pipe began to install a small grid, which perfectly cleans the water from impurities and increases the operation of the pumping equipment.
To use the Abyssinian Well round yearIt is necessary to make a closed pit depth of about 2 meters, since at such a level the soil is no longer free. Next, connect all the details and pump the well by the usual manual pump. You need to swing water until you reach the visible transparency. Then the liquid is poured into the system, and the pump begins to work. If water does not appear, then all operations are repeated first. With a good tightness of the trunk, the absence of fluid is excluded.
After all these actions, the pump is turned off, and all the water is held in the system - it does not give it to the return valve. From this point on, the pumping station installed for the Abyssinian well is ready to work!
In most cases, there are no central water supply in the cottages and in private homes. This problem is solved by arranging a well or well to such a depth, which depends on the location of the location groundwater. The next step is to create pressure in the water supply network sufficient to operate the equipment. The pumping station for the well is capable of providing water lift with great depths and evenly distribute under the desired pressure to all points of water consumption.
By type of suction pipeline, pumping stations are divided into single-tube and two-pipe. The first is characterized by a fairly simple design of the water intake, so water enters the housing on one line. Also, the advantages of single-tube devices can be attributed to the ease of installation. In two-pipe stations, the cast-iron cast-iron cast type is additionally integrated, which is completely immersed in water. The principle of operation consists in lifting the fluid due to the vacuum-generated impact and inertia during circulation.
By type of main pump:
Many subsidiaries that are first faced with the problem of choosing equipment for the organization of water supply, do not pose special differences between the concepts of the pump and the pumping station. The main difference is that in the latter there are a number of auxiliary devices - a hydroaccumulator, pressure sensors, expansion tank And other. This entire complex is designed for long-term work offline.
When organizing water supply in the country area, the question arises that it is better for a pumping station or a submersible pump for a well. The names themselves are talking about the principle of operation of systems. That is, submersible pumps are lowered to the depth, and the pumping station produces water pumping, while on the surface. The choice of equipment type is completely dependent on the individual characteristics of the water supply system. After analyzing the technical characteristics, the question becomes meaningless. The only nuance is if the model is defined in advance submersible pump. Then the drilling of the well will be produced on a certain diameter of the casing.
Deciding with the type of pumping station, you must select a specific model. The difference in the devices presented in the market lies in four basic parameters - productivity, hydroaccumulator volume, pressure, manufacturer. Also, the maximum criterion is the maximum depth on which the equipment can raise water. All these indicators affect the price of the product.
The performance of the station depends on its design. So, the lowest indicators for equipment with a submersible ejector, which make up not more than 1.5 m 3 / h. It is for this reason that they are rarely used for water supply of private houses. The built-in ejector allows you to achieve 2 - 5 m 3 / h.
On average, the head created by pumping stations varies from 30 m to 60. For example, two-storey house With several bathrooms requires a water pole to make about 40 - 45 m. However, it is recommended to make some stock. When using water tank, when water is supplied by samotek, the amount of end users is practically no matter.
Pumping stations are available with a fairly wide range of hydroaccumulator. Usually this indicator is about 20 - 100 liters. The element in question is intended for protection from frequent inclusion of the pump. Because of this, many prefer not to overpay for a large volume.
IN specifications The pumping station indicates the maximum depth indicators and the length of the suction line. For example, the Italian Aquario ADP - 355 has 25 m and 38 m, respectively. However, the specified parameters are limit values. That is, if the ejector is installed at the specified distances, then the water will not. It is recommended to install at a depth of 20 m and removal of 25 m.
Cost and manufacturers
The manufacturer's choice directly depends on the preferences of the dacket. Someone stops their choice on better, but expensive pumping stations of European companies Grundfos (Denmark), Pedrollo (Italy), Wilo (Germany), Unipump (Poland). The other one prefers to install cheap Chinese equipment.
The table below shows the most popular models and their characteristics.
| Firm | Name model | Maximum pressure, m | Performance, m 3 / h | Power, W | Cost, ruble |
| Grundfos. | MQ 3-35 | 35 | 3 | 800 | 13 500 |
| MQ 3-45 | 45 | 3 | 1000 | 14 000 | |
| Hydrojet J5 24 L | 43 | 3,4 | 750 | 13 800 | |
| Hydrojet J6 24 l | 53 | 4,5 | 1400 | 16 800 | |
| Wilo. | HWJ 202 20 l | 37 | 4,5 | 650 | 9 800 |
| HWJ 203 20 l | 42 | 5 | 750 | 11 000 | |
| PW-175EA. | 35 | 2.1 | 125 | 4 700 | |
| Unipump | AUTO JET 80L | 38 | 3 | 600 | 5 600 |
| AUTO JET 100L. | 43 | 3.6 | 750 | 5 800 | |
| Seroni. | CAM 40/22 HL. | 38 | 3 | 800 | 5 400 |
| APM 100/25. | 29 | 1.2 | 1 100 | 10 500 |
For water supply at home or watering of the garden use pumps. They are different types and structures and each of them finds its scope. If you need an inexpensive and reliable device for pumping water from a well, a deck or some tank, pay attention to the self-priming pump. This is relatively inexpensive devices that are installed on the surface, swing water can from quite a decent depth - 8-9 m. If necessary, the model is supplemented with ejectors, then the suction depth increases to 20-35 m.
Self-priming pumps swing water from a depth of 8-9 meters, and at the same time are on the surface. Water rises due to the fact that in the central part of the housing, due to the movement of the wheels with blades, a low pressure region is created. In an effort to fill it, the water rises up. So it turns out that the pump sucks water.
Like any other pump, self-priming consists of an engine and a working chamber, in which the injection mechanism is located. Pump and engine shafts are connected through the coupling, the reliability of the compound and tightness is determined by the type of the seal. Theovers are two types:
There are models of self-priming pumps with magnetic couplings. They do not require seals, since it does not have through connections. This is today the most reliable design, but the most expensive too.
By the method of action, the self-priming pump may be vortex and centrifugal. In both key link, the impeller only has a different structure and installed in the case of different shapes. From this is changing the principle of work.
Centrifugal self-priming pumps have an interesting structure of the working chamber - in the form of a snail. In the center of the housing are fixed working wheels. The wheel can be one, then the pump is called a single-stage, maybe several - a multistage design. Single-stage always operate on one power, multistage can, depending on the conditions, change the performance, respectively, are more economical (less power consumption).
The main working element in this design is a wheel with blades. The blades are bent in the opposite direction towards the movement of the wheel. When moving, they caught the water, squeezing it to the walls of the case. Such a phenomenon is called centrifugal strength, and the zone between the blades and the wall is called "difuses". So, the impeller moves, creating an increased pressure area on the periphery and pushing the water towards the outlet.
Simultaneously in the center of the impeller, a reduced pressure zone is formed. It sucks water from the feed pipeline (suction line). In the figure above, the incoming water is indicated by yellow arrows. Next, it pushes the impeller to the walls and at the expense of centrifugal force rises upstairs. This process is constant and endless, repeated until the shaft is spinning.
With the principle of centrifugal pumps, their disadvantage is associated with the centrifugal pumps: to create centrifugal power from the air of the impeller cannot, therefore, the body is filled with water before work. Since the pumps often work in an intermittent mode so that the water does not flow out from the housing when stopping, the reverse valve is put on the suction nozzle. These are the features of the work of centrifugal self-priming pumps. If the check valve (it must be necessary) on the feed pipe stands at the bottom, it is necessary to fill in the entire pipeline, and for this you will need not one liter.
| Name | Power | Pod | Maximum suction depth | Performance | Corps material | Connecting dimensions | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caliber NBTS-380 | 380 W. | 25 M. | 9 M. | 28 l / min | cast iron | 1 inch | 32$ |
| Metabo P 3300 g | 900 W. | 45 M. | 8 M. | 55 l / min | cast iron (drive shaft stainless steel) | 1 inch | 87$ |
| Bison ZNS-600 | 600 W. | 35 M. | 8 M. | 50 l / min | plastic | 1 inch | 71$ |
| ELITECH NA 400V. | 400W. | 35 M. | 8 M. | 40 l / min | cast iron | 25 mm | 42$ |
| Patriot QB70. | 750 W. | 65 M. | 8 M. | 60 l / min | plastic | 1 inch | 58$ |
| Jelex Jambo 70/50 h 3700 | 1100 W. | 50 M. | 9 m (confused ejector) | 70 l / min | cast iron | 1 inch | 122$ |
| Belamin Xi 13. | 1200 W. | 50 M. | 8 M. | 65 l / min | stainless steel | 1 inch | 125$ |
| Belamin Xa 06. | 600 W. | 33 M. | 8 M. | 47 l / min | cast iron | 1 inch | 75$ |
The vortex self-priming pump is distinguished by the structure of the case and the impeller. The impeller is a disk with short radial partitions located at the edges. It is called impeller.
The body is made so that it is quite tightly covered by a "flat" part of the impeller, and in the partition area there remains a significant side gap. When rotating the impeller, water is fond of jumpers. Due to the centrifugal force, it is pressed to the walls, but after some distance again falls into the area of \u200b\u200bthe partitions, getting an additional portion of energy. Thus, in the gaps, it is also twisted in vortices. It turns out a dual vortex flow, which gave the name of the equipment.
Due to the features of the operation, the vortex pumps can create a pressure of 3-7 times greater than the centrifugal (with the same wheel sizes and speed). They are ideal when low consumption is needed and high pressure. Another plus - they can swing a mixture of water and air, sometimes even create a vacuum if they are filled with air only. It makes it easier to start it in work - it is not necessary to fill in the camera with water or its enough small amount. Lack of vortex pumps - low efficiency. It cannot be higher than 45-50%.
| Name | Power | Pressure (lifting height) | Performance | Depth of suction | Corps material | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leo XKSM 60-1 | 370 W. | 40 M. | 40 l / min | 9 M. | cast iron | 24$ |
| Leo XKSM 80-1. | 750 W. | 70 M. | 60 l / min | 9 M. | cast iron | 89$ |
| AKO QB 60. | 370 W. | 30 M. | 28 l / min | 8 M. | cast iron | 47$ |
| AKO QB 70. | 550 W. | 45 M. | 40 l / min | 8 M. | cast iron | 68 $ |
| Pedrollo RKM 60. | 370 W. | 40 M. | 40 l / min | 8 M. | cast iron | 77$ |
| Pedrollo RK 65. | 500 W. | 55 M. | 50 l / min | 8 M. | cast iron | 124$ |
The largest depth with which superficial vortex and centrifugal pumps can lift water - 8-9 meters, often it is located deeper. To "extract" it from there, an ejector is installed on pumps. This is a special tube of a special form, which when water moves through it creates discharge at the entrance. So such devices also refer to the discharge of self-priming. The ejector self-priming pump can raise water from a depth of 20-35 m, and this is already more than enough for most sources.
Connection Scheme of a remote ejector for well-diameter wells - two-link on the right, four-dimensional left
The disadvantage is that to ensure work, part of the understanding water must be returned back, therefore, performance is significantly reduced - such a pump can provide not very large water consumption, but electricity to ensure efficiency is not less spent. When installing the injector into a well or well, a sufficient width into a source lowers two pipelines - one feeding larger diameter, the second, returnable, smaller. Ejector is connected to their outputs, and the filter and the check valve are installed at the end. In this case, the disadvantage is also obvious - double pipe consumption, and therefore - more expensive installation.
In the wells of small diameter, one pipeline is used - feed, and instead of the reverse, the casing tube of wells is used. Thus, the area of \u200b\u200bthe vacuum is also formed.
First, general features:
Now about what differences between vortex and centrifugal models. The vortex pumps are more compact, it is less, but when working is published more noise. Centrifugal - more quiet, the output creates a small pressure. The vortex with the same impeller sizes and the speed of its rotation can create pressure of 3-7 times more. But it is impossible to say that this is their dignity - it is not always a big pressure at the exit. For example, it is not needed when watering the garden and the garden. Water supplied with high pressure just reptiles the soil, rented roots. Therefore, as a pump for irrigation, it is better to take a self-priming centrifugal type pump.
High pressure at the output may be required when organizing the water supply system at home. Here it will be necessary to characterize the vortex pumps. There is only one disadvantage: they cannot provide a big consumption. So more often for these purposes use the same centrifugal, but paired with. True, then it turns out already.
The main drawback of surface centrifugal self-priming pumps is the need to fill them with water before starting. Not the most pleasant occupation, which adds trouble when using such a pump for watering.
