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Rice. 22. Device for joining pipes for welding. 1 - grips; 2 - handle.
The assembly of fittings and pipelines for welding is performed on assembly stands and fixtures. The assembled parts are seized by welding. Gaps, the number of tacks and welding modes of shaped parts are selected depending on the wall thickness of the pipes to be welded.
Elements and units of pipelines are assembled on a stand equipped with devices for laying, joining (Fig. 22) and tacking parts for welding. When assembling flanges for welding with pipes, pay attention to the perpendicularity of the flange surface to the axis of the adjacent part. The end of the pipe should protrude into the flange by 5-10 mm. Temporary gaskets are installed and the flanges are bolted before assembling the flange welds to the pipes. Assembling the assembly prior to welding ensures that the holes in the flanges of adjacent pipes and valves match.
For welding of fittings of pipelines, manual electric arc welding is used. Welding is carried out with metal electrodes with a protective coating. In the conditions of central workshops, it is more expedient to weld fittings with an A-547 semiautomatic device in a carbon dioxide environment.
The number of seam layers in manual arc welding depends on the wall thickness of the pipes and the groove angle:
The first layer of the seam must completely melt the ends of the edges of the pipes to be joined. The top layer of the seam should have a smooth outline without undercuts. Attention should be paid to the correct organization of the welder's workplace and to provide it with the necessary accessories and tools. The welds are visually inspected. External welding defects can be considered: deviations in the size and shape of the working section of the seam, undercuts, nodules and incrustations, burn-throughs, unsealed craters, cracks, fistulas. Correction of defects in welded joints is allowed: on tubes with a diameter of up to 100 mm, if the crack length is less than 20 mm; on pipes with a diameter of 100 to 300 mm, if the crack length is less than 50 mm.
Finished products and assemblies are marked with colored paint at the end of the part and contain the numbers of the order, block, line or assembly. The finished pipeline assemblies are stored in separate sets before being sent to the assembly site.
Installation of fire extinguishing installations in cable structures of power plants and other electrical rooms
is carried out before the cable is laid. This is done in order to exclude welding of pipe lines and the installation of sprinklers in the immediate vicinity of power and control cables. This circumstance should be kept in mind by the work producers.
Before starting the installation of pipelines, the following organizational and preparatory measures are carried out: familiarization with the technical documentation; checking the readiness of the construction part for the installation of pipelines; formation of teams and their provision with the necessary assembly tools, fixtures and rigging equipment; obtaining supports, suspensions, fittings, units and parts of pipelines in the assembly and procurement sections (MZU); receipt, removal and lifting of pipes to design marks in cable structures; arrangement and preparation of workplaces, platforms and scaffolds.
Installation of pipelines is associated with the implementation of a significant amount of rigging work. Fire extinguishing pipelines are installed in cable tunnels and mezzanines, access to which with pipes and pipeline nodes is very difficult. Installation is carried out in rooms located at various elevations - the main building of the power plant (minus 3, plus 4, 6, 9, 14 m). 
Rice. 23. Lever winch with a lifting capacity of 1.5 tons.
When installing pipelines, use sets of tools and devices. The set includes: wrenches from 12 to 27 mm, socket wrenches with interchangeable heads from 12 to 27 mm, chisels, crosscutters, center punch, bench hammers 800 and 500 g, sledgehammers 4 and 8 kg, screwdrivers, file files, crowbar with a diameter of 10 and a length of 600 mm, a metal brush, a vernier caliper, a bench compass, tape measures 10 and 1 m long, a metal ruler, a plumb line, a lever winch with a lifting capacity of 1.5 t (Fig. 23), a tool box, pipe wrenches, a flange square, pipe clamp, level. Electrified tools are widely used - electric drills, electric grinders, electric pipe cutters. 
Rice. 24. Dismountable metal scaffolding.
When working at a height in cable semi-floors, at power transformers and in chemical water treatment rooms at a height of 1 m and above, inventory scaffolding and scaffolding are used. Scaffolding and scaffolding should be inspected and allowed for operation by the foreman or technical manager of the site. It is recommended to use collapsible scaffolds (fig. 24), which can be quickly assembled in narrow cable duct aisles and in high rooms. When working, it should be borne in mind that the scaffolds are designed for a mass of 1-2 people, and not for the mass of the pipelines being lifted.
When laying out the route, the axes and marks of the level of the pipelines are applied and the places for the installation of supports, sprinklers, fire extinguishing installations, and detectors are marked. The signs of the axes and elevations are applied according to the working drawings, taking into account the laid cable routes. In cable installations, it is sometimes more convenient to run pipelines along the top of the tunnel. If such a gasket is a deviation from the project, then the changes are agreed with the customer and the design organization.
Supports, hangers and supporting structures are installed according to preliminary marking. Fixed supports and hangers are usually welded to embedded parts and steel posts reinforced concrete structures, and are attached to concrete columns on brackets. The most common pipe fastening with clamps. If there are structures in the cable half-floors for the installation of cable shelves, trays, and ducts, the pipelines rest on pieces of channels welded to the racks of these structures. The position of the pipes is fixed with a round steel clamp welded to the channel. If the project of the fire extinguishing installation stipulates a slope for the laid pipeline, then it is checked by a hydrostatic level or a special device (Fig. 25).
Rice. 25. A device for measuring the slope of the pipeline.
1 - base; 2 - level; 3 - lever; 4 - graduation scale.
The enlarged assembly of pipes in strings and nodes, in blocks is carried out directly in the cable rooms.
It is recommended to align pipes with a diameter of 50 to 150 mm when assembling joints for welding in a string using the device shown in Fig. 22. After joining, the ends of the pipes are tacked with electric welding. As a rule, tacking is done by installers, and welding is done by electric welders.
When assemblies with shut-off valves are enlarged, temporary gaskets are installed and all bolted connections at the flanges are fully tightened. For the manufacture of gaskets, a special device is used, shown in Fig. 26.
When installing pipelines, it becomes necessary to lift the elements on the supports of the design marks. 
Rice. 26. Device for cutting gaskets on a drilling machine.
1 - Morse taper; 2 - ruler; 3 - slider; 4 - roller knife; 5 - center.
In cable structures for lifting, it is most convenient to use lever winches with a lifting capacity of up to 1.5 tons and a chain hoist. Tubing strings and long knots are secured and lifted with two hoists. Raised units and parts should be temporarily secured, and after alignment, permanent fasteners should be installed.
When laying pipes through walls and ceilings, the pipelines are enclosed in sleeves made of pipes or sheet steel. Pipe sections enclosed in sleeves should not have welded joints. The gaps are filled with non-flammable material e.g. mineral wool... The laid pipelines should not have bags in which water or extinguishing agent can remain. Especially accurately (on gaskets and immediately on the full number of bolts) flange connections must be assembled. After the completion of assembly and welding of joints, the pipelines are fixed on the supports.
Installation of pipe fittings is carried out in assembled form - it is already docked with ready-made pipeline assemblies. Before installation, the fittings are inspected so that no foreign objects and dirt remain in it. When installing flanged valves, the correct selection of flanges, fasteners and gaskets, as well as the position of the valve in the direction of fluid flow (arrow), are checked. Before commissioning, the assembled valve type shut-off valves must be closed, and the valve type must be open. In the sections of the pipeline that form the bags, are installed drainage tubes or plugs. For venting air At its upper points, fittings with taps are installed.
When installing pipelines for freon and carbon dioxide fire extinguishing, the requirements for the performance of work increase. The pipelines of these fire extinguishing systems are made of steel seamless pipes.
The installation of the pipeline must ensure: the strength and tightness of the connection of pipes and their connection to fittings and devices; the reliability of fastening pipes to supporting structures and the structures themselves on the bases; the possibility of their inspection, purging or flushing.
The connection of parts and links of pipelines is carried out by welding, as well as using bolted flanges or threaded connections.
The minimum radius of the internal bending curve of pipes should be: for steel pipes when bending them in a cold state - at least four outer diameters; for steel pipes when bent hot - at least three outer diameters. On the bent part of the pipe there should be no folds, cracks, ovality at bending points is allowed no more than 10%.
Threads on pipes and fittings must be clean, free from burrs, breakage or incomplete threads.
Sealing of threaded connections, made by couplings, elbows, tees, connecting nuts, is carried out with a thread of linen fiber, lubricated with red lead or whitewash on drying oil.
Fittings, parts and pipes with an external tapered thread are allowed to be screwed into couplings or socket ends of the fittings with an internal cylindrical pipe thread.
Flange connections pipelines are carried out in compliance with the following requirements: the deviation of the perpendicularity of the flange to the pipe axis, measured along the outer diameter of the flange, should not exceed 4 MPa for pipelines at a working pressure<40 кгс/см 2) - 1,0 мм, для трубопроводов на рабочее давление свыше 4 МПа (40 кгс/см 2) - 0,5 мм. Отверстия во фланцах под болты располагаются на равных расстояниях, смещение по болтовой окружности не более 0,5 мм. Фланцы стягиваются равномерно и параллельно друг другу с поочередным завертыванием гаек крест накрест. Размеры прокладок должны соответствовать размерам поверхности фланцев. Паронитовые прокладки перед установкой натираются с обеих сторон сухим графитом.
Arc welding is recommended for joining steel pipes with a wall thickness of more than 3.5 mm. Gas welding is recommended for joining pipes with a wall thickness of less than 3.5 mm. When welding the union with the main pipe, the gap cannot exceed 0.5-1 mm. Welding of each pipe joint is performed without interruption until the entire joint is fully welded. Each section of the pipe is viewed in the light before being installed in place in order to identify and remove foreign objects.
Soldering of copper pipes of all diameters is made only with hard solders, for example, copper-phosphorus MF-1, MF-2, MF-3. When brazing copper pipes, the joints are overlapped with a flanging of one pipe or butt with an external coupling.
Piping runs parallel to walls, ceilings and columns. The number of turns and intersections should be kept to a minimum. Pipelines laid on one surface or structure are laid parallel to each other.
In especially damp rooms and in rooms with a chemically active environment, the structures of pipelines are made of steel profiles with a thickness of at least 4 mm. Structures and pipelines are coated with protective varnish or paint.
Fastening of pipelines to building structures is carried out with normalized supports
Distance between supports, m |
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Pipe material |
Pipe diameter, mm |
on horizontal sections |
in vertical sections |
Non-ferrous metal |
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and pendants. Welding of pipelines directly to metal structures of buildings and structures, as well as to elements of technological equipment is not allowed. It is recommended to choose the distances between the pipe supports according to the table. ten.
When laying pipes of different brands in a group, a smaller value of the distance between the attachment points is taken.
The pipelines are laid with a slope to ensure the drainage of condensate and fire extinguishing agent residues. The slope of pipelines with a diameter of up to 50 mm must be at least 0.01, and for pipelines with a diameter of over 50 mm - 0.005. For gas pipelines, the direction of the slope is taken from the risers to the outlet nozzles; for incentive pipelines - to risers.
Piping passages through walls and ceilings, depending on the category of adjacent rooms, are open or sealed.
Passages are sealed when passing from an explosion or fire hazardous area to another explosion or fire hazardous area; when moving from an explosive or fire hazardous zone to a non-explosive and non-fire hazardous zone. In these cases, the sealing of single pipes is carried out in sleeves or in glands installed from the side of a heated or dry room, as well as a room whose environment should not penetrate into an adjacent room.
To seal the group pipe passages, a steel plate is installed in the wall opening with branch pipes or pipe glands welded into its opening. The connection of pipelines to the branch pipes is carried out by threaded connections (Fig. 27).
In places where possible vibrations of pipelines arise, it is planned to install soft gaskets in supports or install vibration dampers to change the frequency and reduce the amplitude of vibrations to values at which the strength and tightness of the pipeline connections are ensured.
Changing the direction of the pipeline is done by bending the pipes or installing elbows or elbows. 
Rice. 27. Group passage of pipelines through the walls. 1 - wall; 2 - passage plate; 3 - pipeline; 4 - nut; 5 - clutch.
Thermal expansion of pipelines is compensated for by turning the pipes, while fastening the pipes at the turning points is not allowed. When passing through the expansion joints of buildings, U-shaped expansion joints are installed on the pipelines.
When laying pipelines, one-piece and detachable connections are used.
When installing detachable connections, the following must be provided: mechanical strength sufficient to preserve the integrity of the pipeline when exposed to internal and external forces during installation, during testing and during operation; ease of assembly and disassembly; change in the inner diameter not more than allowed by the normals.
Detachable connections, as a rule, are used to connect pipelines in places where disassembly of the pipeline is necessary during operation and installation.
It is impossible to place pipe joints on expansion joints, on curved sections, on supporting structures. Pipe connections are allowed no closer than 200 mm from the reference points.
The application of protective coatings is carried out on a well-cleaned and degreased surface of pipes and metal structures. The film of the painted surface should be smooth, even, without gaps and wrinkles.
All external surfaces of pipelines, except for threads and sealing joints of flange surfaces, are painted to protect against corrosion. Fire extinguishing pipelines are painted red in accordance with the standard "Colors for safety signs" (GOST 12.4.026-76).
Pipelines in fire and explosion hazardous areas are grounded at both ends. In places of detachable connections of pipelines, jumpers of steel or copper wire are installed, providing a reliable electrical circuit on both sides of the connection. Pipelines that are introduced from outside into fire or explosion hazardous premises are grounded before entering the premises.
The utility model relates to the design of a fire extinguishing installation, which can be used to protect enclosed spaces and fire hazardous facilities. The technical result of the claimed device is to increase the service life of the pipeline system for fire extinguishing.
Fire Fighting Piping System contains the main pipeline-riser 1, connected with the fire pipeline. Pipes 2 are attached to the riser 1 for routing them across floors. After that, depending on the project, a network of pipes of a smaller diameter is mounted for rooms, to which bends 4 are screwed using threaded connections 3. Sprinklers - sprinklers 6 are fixed at the end of bends 4 by means of threaded connections 5 6. Each bend 4 is a pipe, made of corrugated stainless steel. The riser pipeline 1 and pipes 2 for wiring across floors and rooms are made of plastic.
The utility model relates to the design of a fire extinguishing installation, which can be used to protect enclosed spaces and fire hazardous facilities.
A known pipeline system for fire extinguishing, containing a main pipeline connected to pipelines, branches, at the ends of which are mounted sprinkler sprinklers. (USSR author's certificate No. 607575, IPC A62C 35/00, 1976, USSR author's certificate No. 1102615, A62C 35/02, 1982, RF patent No. 2193908, IPC A62C 35/02, 2002)
In these devices, it is not explicitly disclosed what material the pipelines and bends are made of, but as is known from practice, they are made of steel pipes in accordance with GOST 10704 - with welded and flanged joints, and the bends are welded to the main pipes.
This system has a number of disadvantages, namely:
Difficulty placing the sprinkler exactly in the middle of the suspended ceiling cage, which is always required by designers and manufacturers of suspended ceiling structures;
The use of steel pipes does not meet modern fire safety requirements;
These installations are not durable due to metal corrosion, their service life, as a rule, is 5-8 years, in addition, the use of steel makes this system expensive due to the high installation costs and the difficulties associated with welding.
It is also known to make pipe bends from corrugated stainless steel having high elasticity, and the connection of the bends to the main pipeline and to the sprinklers is carried out by threaded connections (see Japanese patent No. 9051962 and the site www.kofulso-olton.ru).
In these devices, it is not explicitly disclosed what material the main pipeline is made of, but as is known from practice, they are usually made of rigid steel pipes (see NPB 88-2001 Fire extinguishing and alarm installations. Design rules and regulations, www.kofulso-olton .ru, pp, 5), which reduces the durability of not only the main pipelines themselves, but the entire system as a whole.
The technical result of the claimed device is to increase the service life of the pipeline system for fire extinguishing.
The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a combined pipeline system for fire extinguishing, containing a main pipeline-riser connected to the fire pipeline, pipes attached to the riser for wiring across floors and rooms,
branch pipelines connected at one end to the pipes, and sprinklers-sprinklers attached to the second ends of the branch pipelines, the latter being made of corrugated stainless steel and attached to the pipes and to the sprinklers with threaded connections, the main pipeline-riser and pipes attached to the riser for distribution on floors and rooms is made of polypropylene. The drawing shows a general view of the piping system. The combined pipeline system for fire extinguishing contains a main pipeline-riser made of polypropylene pipe 1, connected to the fire pipeline. Pipes 2 are attached to the riser 1 for routing them to floors. After that, depending on the project, a network of pipes of a smaller diameter is mounted for rooms, to which, ultimately, with the help of threaded connections 3, bends 4 are screwed. is a pipe made of corrugated stainless steel, and the length and diameter of the branches can be different.
The main pipeline-riser and pipes for distribution to floors and rooms are made of plastic.
A sprinkler fire extinguishing system is a pipeline system constantly filled with a fire extinguishing agent, equipped with special nozzles, sprinklers, the fusible nozzle of which, opening
at the initial stage of ignition, provides the supply of the extinguishing composition to the fire site.
In the event of a fire, sprinkler installations begin to extinguish, regardless of whether there are people in the premises or they are not there. Structurally, fire extinguishing installations represent a network of pipes with sprinklers that open when the temperature rises, mounted under the floors of the trading floor, office premises of the restaurant, as well as warehouse and auxiliary premises. If the area is large, then the sprinkler network is divided into separate sections, with each network being served by a separate control and signal valve.
The combined pipeline system, due to the execution of a main pipe - a riser and pipes for wiring across floors and rooms made of plastic, can increase the service life of the pipeline system for fire extinguishing up to 25 years.
A pipeline system for fire extinguishing, containing a main pipeline-riser connected to the fire pipeline, pipes attached to the riser for distribution to floors and rooms, branch pipelines connected at one ends to pipes, and sprinklers-sprinklers attached to the second ends of the branch pipelines, the latter are made of corrugated stainless steel and are attached to pipes and sprinklers with threaded connections, characterized in that the main pipeline-riser and pipes attached to the riser for wiring across floors and rooms are made of plastic.
Providing fire safety is a priority task at the facility and production. Automatic fire extinguishing installations are a combination of various elements, the functional significance of which is associated with the elimination of the fire source. One of the reliable types of fire extinguishing, in which gas is used as a fire extinguishing agent, is gas fire extinguishing.
Automatic installations gas fire extinguishing, including pipelines, sprinklers, pumps, is carried out in accordance with design documentation and projects for the production of works.
The principle of operation of a gas fire extinguishing installation is associated with a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the air, associated with the entry of a fire extinguishing agent into the ignition zone. At the same time, the toxic effect of gas influence on the environment is excluded, damage to material values is minimized to zero. Gas fire extinguishing installations are a set of interconnected elements, the main of which are:
The gas extinguishing agent is delivered to the pipeline through the distribution device. Requirements are imposed on the installation and execution of pipelines.
According to GOST, high-alloy steel is used for the manufacture of pipelines, and these elements must be firmly fixed and grounded.
After installation, pipelines as components of gas fire extinguishing installations undergo a series of test studies. The stages of such tests:
Before testing, the pipelines are disconnected from the gas fire extinguishing equipment, plugs are placed in place of the nozzles. The values of the test pressure in the pipelines should be 1.25 pp (pp - working pressure). The pipelines are subjected to the test pressure for 5 minutes, after which the pressure drops to the working pressure and a visual inspection of the pipelines is carried out.
The pipelines passed the tests if the pressure drop during holding the operating pressure for one hour does not exceed 10% of the operating pressure. Inspection should not show the appearance of mechanical damage.
After the tests carried out, the liquid is drained from the pipelines, and air is purged. The need for testing is not in doubt, this series of actions will prevent "failures" in the equipment in the future.
The company "Fire exit" provides services to ensure fire safety and protection of the population and territories. The main principle of our work is an integrated approach that allows you to reduce your costs and shorten the time (for the provision of services and work in the field of fire safety). Our company is accredited by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia to conduct a fire audit. We conduct an inspection as an inspector of the state fire supervision and submit an opinion to the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia on the results of the inspection. This will save you from routine inspections by the fire inspector for the next 3 years.
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We use only modern equipment and methods to make your facility safe
Highly qualified personnel ensures the highest scientific and technical level of the decisions being made
A well-performed work guarantees the absence of claims against you from the supervisory authorities
OOO " Fire exit"Is a dynamically developing team of professionals. Our company specializes in solving problems of any complexity in the field of fire safety for various objects, taking into account the wishes of customers. High quality, flexible prices, competence and customer focus allow us to successfully develop in the market.
Our team consists of young, talented and highly qualified people who think outside the box. Most of the company's employees are graduates of the country's leading university for training specialists in the field of fire safety - the Academy of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia, have scientific degrees of candidates of technical sciences.
Our experts passed international internships in Germany, USA, Netherlands and France. The company conducts scientific research in the direction of modeling the movement of a human flow during a fire, the development of devices for emergency protection systems, as well as Internet cartographic systems for assessing fire risk.
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A two-phase flow of a gaseous extinguishing agent (liquefied and gaseous) occurs in the piping. For the hydraulic balance, several rules must be followed:
The black pipe definitely needs anti-corrosion protection. There are two opinions in what color to paint the pipeline of gas fire extinguishing systems. The first thing to use is red as this is fire fighting equipment. The second thing that needs to be painted yellow, as it is a pipeline transporting gases. The norms allow painting in any color, but require an alphabetic or numerical marking of the pipeline.
