When an affordable and economical way of heating is needed, many people think about making a stove-stove that runs on waste oil. In this article, you will find a description of the typical design, as well as ways to increase the efficiency of the device and make the oven more autonomous.
Waste oil incineration was originally only one of the available funds its disposal. Craftsmen could not pass by such an energy-intensive fuel and created stoves in which oil burns with minimal formation of soot and soot.
1 - waste oil; 2 - lower container for oil; 3 - damper for air supply regulation; 4 - a pipe with holes for air; 5 - combustion chamber; 6 - top container; 7 - partition; 8 - chimney
Any oil or fuel oil can be used as fuel, as well as some pasty lubricants... Volatile liquids such as kerosene, gasoline or solvents cannot be used in the oven, but small amounts can be used for ignition.
Structurally, the oil furnace consists of two combustion chambers connected by a fairly wide perforated pipe. Since most furnaces are made from scrap materials and scrap metal, it makes no sense to adhere to strict dimensions, the proportions of individual structural elements are much more important.
The lower chamber of the furnace is a tank of arbitrary shape, which, when filled to 2/3, can hold 5-7 liters of fuel. Furnace power and fuel combustion rate are directly proportional to the area of the lower chamber. The frequency of adding oil to the furnace depends on its capacity, therefore, the lower chamber is often made very voluminous, up to 20-30 liters. This downward shift of the center of gravity also ensures the stability of the structure.
3 or 4 legs with bolts at the ends are welded to the bottom of the chamber so that it is possible to adjust the installation level. Also, the oil supply pipe cuts into the bottom, which bends into a siphon for a water seal. It makes sense to lead the end of the tube into an adjacent container of approximately the same size, which acts as a fuel tank. The bottom of the tank should be 2-3 cm below the bottom of the stove to allow the oil to drain completely.
In the upper wall of the lower chamber, a hole with a movable flap must be cut to adjust the incoming air and, accordingly, the oil heating temperature. Also, a pipe with a diameter of at least 100 mm and a length of 35-70 cm is cut into the upper wall. Holes with a diameter of 12-16 mm are made on its surface in 6 or 8 rows at a distance of 7-10 cm from each other.
The upper chamber of the furnace usually duplicates the size and shape of the lower one, but it can be much larger. The higher the internal volume, the more complete combustion can be achieved, but in a chamber that is too spacious, the temperature will be insufficient.
It should be remembered that the manufacture of the furnace and its further refinement are of a purely experimental nature, the same product, depending on the placement conditions, can work with different efficiency. Over time, from a simple stove for heating a garage or workshop, such a stove can turn into a full-fledged heating unit for the whole house, capable of operating in automatic mode. To do this, the furnace is equipped with a drip oil supply, a water heat exchanger or forced pressurization.
To improve the efficiency of the furnace, two types of air fans are used: pressurization and external blowing. The latter option is appropriate if a room that is impressive in terms of area is heated by a stove and it is not necessary to count on natural air convection. In this case, a conventional fan helps the case to give off heat more efficiently, the air flow is directed to the place of greatest heat.
Internal airflow is designed to enrich the upper chamber with oxygen, which contributes to a deeper disintegration of fuel particles, as well as its more long burning... With the use of forced airflow, the so-called "blue flame" appears, indicating a smokeless combustion process.
Air injection is carried out as usual. duct fan productivity from 250 m 3 per hour. It is usually placed on the floor next to the oven and connected to the upper chamber with a rigid air duct with a diameter of 100 or 110 mm. To connect the air duct, a piece of pipe of the required diameter is cut into the upper chamber, into which a damper is inserted to regulate the air flow. To avoid counter-draft, it is recommended to install a sensitive non-return valve immediately after the fan.
Often, an oil stove is used as a boiler for water heating. This is possible after installing a heat exchanger in the upper combustion chamber. For good heat transfer, you will need a container of impressive size - about 30-50 liters. A heat exchanger is mounted inside the chamber, it can be a coil or a system of pipes made of steel, or an internal tank.
Due to the fact that the passage of combustion products near the heat exchanger is difficult, soot and soot are formed much faster, condensation is also possible during the ignition process. To facilitate cleaning, the heat exchanger must have at least one flange connection sealed with an asbestos cord.
The role of the coolant in the system is usually assigned to antifreeze or special fluids... The heat carrier must constantly move, therefore a circulation pump is built into the heating circuit.
For oil oven it is very important to have a stable and powerful draft, so the height of the chimney should be at least 4 meters. Usually, for the device of the chimney duct, they use steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm.
No more than two turns of the chimney are allowed, but only with the correct arrangement of connections at the corners and only from a vertical direction to a horizontal one. The turns must be made through tees installed on vertical segments. One of the branches of the tee must point straight down and have a removable metal plug to collect the resulting condensation.
The final vertical segment of the chimney can be made of an asbestos-cement pipe, but a brick protective well will be required to a height of 2-2.5 meters.
For lighting, you can use paper or rags, or easily flammable liquids. In the first case, oil should be added in small portions to the combustion center. In the second, add a small amount (50-70 grams) of solvent or gasoline to the first chamber, which is 2/3 filled with oil, and set it on fire with a lighter with a long torch as soon as possible, without waiting for the formation of explosive vapors.
In operation, the oil furnace is completely fireproof, its design does not allow the formation of an open flame. However, there is a danger of oil being thrown out of the chamber by overflow or water ingress.
About once a month, you need to clean the furnace: remove the carbon deposits in a container with oil, after knocking the furnace with a hammer. In the upper chamber, especially in the presence of a heat exchanger, soot accumulates faster and is poorly chipped off; it must be brushed off with a metal brush. For ease of maintenance and cleaning, it is recommended to make the camera bodies detachable. For example, using double collar caps. The connection of the stove to the chimney and the fan must also be detachable.
The furnace, which operates on waste oil, will reduce the amount of waste that pollutes the environment. The design of the mechanism is quite simple, so every welder can make such a device. In this article, we will consider the features of assembling a waste oil furnace with our own hands with the recommendations of specialists.
A waste oil stove will save on heating costs for small industrial premises, greenhouse workshops, and the like. Exists different variants furnace devices, for example, pyrolysis, drip, made from a cylinder or assembled from metal sheets. To properly build a stove, you need to familiarize yourself with detailed instructions and take into account the advice of specialists on the arrangement of the heating stove.
The waste oil furnace is similar to a pyrolysis device. The combustion process is carried out in two stages, where at first vapors from the waste oil are released, and then these gases burn out when too much high temperatures ah in this device. The process of combustion of oil and vapors allows you to equip a stove that does not emit toxic or harmful substances, while the efficiency of such a device increases several times.
In order for the used oil to completely burn out, it is necessary to adhere to the assembly instructions for the installation. Such a furnace consists of several important parts that determine the principle of operation of the installation:
1. A chamber in the lower region of the furnace with low temperature readings, which connects to the tank and forms a small opening for oxygen supply. This part is intended for refilling, working out and igniting fuel.
2. The middle part of the plant is a combustion chamber for gases together with oxygen. It is made in the form of a pipe with openings through which air constantly flows in the required amount for effective work stoves.
3. The upper area of the stove consists of a chamber in which the remaining gases are burned to form smoke. A chimney pipe is connected to this part, which removes excess vapors.
The chimney, which is intended for the construction of a waste oil furnace, must be at least 4 meters in length. Its installation should only take place vertically. During combustion, the spent fuel forms a significant amount of carbon deposits, which remain in the pipe, and when it is horizontal, the flue is more likely to clog up. In such a case, combustion substances end up in the room, which can cause poisoning with fumes. In the building, it is allowed to conduct pipes at angles of 90 or 45 degrees, however, when the chimney exits the building, the pipe must be located in a strictly vertical position. The upper area is covered with a cap so that precipitation does not fall into the stove.
When assembling a waste oil furnace with a water circuit, it is recommended to use high quality steel with heat-resistant properties, the thickness of which should be about 4 mm. The highest temperature load is applied to the upper chamber, up to about 750 degrees. This part of the structure is recommended to be made of dense metal sheets.
The structure can be made from iron sheets or pipes of various diameters, which is determined by the type of device. Before starting work, you need to prepare all the necessary devices and materials, such as:
In the process of work, it is advised to use the drawings of the waste oil furnace so that the erected structure functions correctly. The furnace assembly technology has the following sequence:
1. First of all, it is necessary to build the lower part of the chamber, which is connected to the fuel tank. It has the form of a straight or rounded tank with a lid, in which there are two pipes. The first is for supplying oil, and the second for attaching a pipe that leads to the middle of the installation. It is necessary to cut out the elements for the tank, the edges of which must be cleaned with a grinder and all parts must be welded.
2. It is necessary to weld the bottom to the walls of the tank, and also attach metal corners, which will be the legs.
3. To form the cover, a sheet of metal is used in which holes are cut. The first should be in the center and have a diameter of 100 mm, and the second should be located closer to the edge, with a hole of 60 mm. The cover can be made removable, which will facilitate the process of cleaning the structure, as well as moving the stove.
4. To supply oxygen, it is necessary to prepare pipes with a total length of 370 millimeters, the diameter of which is 100 mm. Holes are drilled in them, through which oxygen will succumb, they should make up 1/10 of the total diameter of the product and be located equally along the entire length.
5. It is important to weld the pipe to the bottom of the device, perpendicular to the lid. It is necessary to make an air damper on it, which will be attached with the assistance of bolts or rivets. The hole for the damper should be 6 cm through which oil flows and fuel is ignited.
6. The design of the upper tank matches the assembly of the lower area. It is advisable to make the walls of the device from a pipe of 350 millimeters.
7. In the sheet of metal that forms the bottom, you need to form an opening with a diameter of 10 cm, which will be located closer to the edge. A small part of the pipe, which has a diameter of 11 cm, must be welded to the lower area of the hole. This is necessary in order to connect the product to the combustion chamber.
8. The lid of the upper area of the waste oil drip furnace lends itself to a temperature of 600-800 degrees, in contrast to other parts of the device. Therefore, for work, you need to use metal sheets with a thickness of 6 mm. It is important to make an opening in the lid for the chimney, which should coincide with the opening at the bottom of the chamber. Between these parts, you need to make a partition from a dense piece of metal, which should be located closer to the smoke hole.
9. A pipe is attached to the upper area of the lid, which is then attached to the chimney part. In order for the structure to be stable and rigid, it is necessary to weld a metal spacer in the form of a pipe between the chambers, the diameter of which should be 20-30 cm.
10. The last stage of work is the painting of the stove. special means for processing metal with heat-resistant properties.
The furnace mechanism for working off should be primitive and accessible as a result of operation. Another option for assembling a stove is to use and re-equip old items. In the case provided, we will describe the features of assembling a stove from an old cylinder. For work, it is necessary to purchase a pipe with a diameter of 8 to 10 cm, the length of which should be 4 meters.
To the question: how to make a waste oil oven from a cylinder, we suggest the following step by step instructions performance of work. All work can be done in a small area, the main thing is to have necessary materials and fixtures. The installation process has the following sequence:
1. For the manufacture of legs, you need to use a metal corner, the length of which for each part should be 20 cm. Weld the product using electric welding to the cylinder body.
2. Next, we put the structure in a vertical position and make a hole in the upper area, which corresponds to the diameter of the pipe used for the exhaust part of the device. It is recommended to cut the cut using a welding machine, in the same way we attach the pipe.
3. It is necessary to make holes in the pipe that will allow air to pass through, the diameter of which should be 10 cm. All work is carried out using a grinder. The holes must be made up to a height of 1.5 meters, skipping 10 cm at first.
4. At a height of 1 meter, you need to make another hole, which is intended for another radiator. The pipe must be fixed parallel to the floor, perpendicular to the wall of the device.
5. Make a small hole in the upper chamber of the stove for the recycled oil supply.
In general, there are many schemes homemade oven on waste oil. The balloon device is the most compact and practical to use. It has high efficiency rates, while its manufacture does not require large expenditures.
The place intended for installing the oven must be level. The floor in the garage or workshop for the device can be concreted, otherwise, you need to make a brickwork. The distance between the wall and the stove must be at least one meter if the surface is covered with flammable products. The oil supply hole must be located in a practical way for future use.
In various resources, you can see a photo of a furnace using waste oil, which indicates different technologies assembly structures. The chimney must be properly installed in the device, for example, the length of the pipe must be at least 4 meters in order to form a good draft. From the outside, the pipe must be insulated in order to avoid the appearance of condensate of acids, which will destroy the mechanism. A stove for working out from a cylinder is very practical, especially when cleaning.
The heating device can operate on mineral or synthetic oil. It is necessary to fill in the fuel approximately halfway to leave a free area for the formation of vapors. After filling the oil, it is important to leave the throttle slightly open so that the oil is oxygenated for efficient combustion. It is recommended to light the stove with the assistance of matches, which are lowered onto the surface of the oil. After the oil starts to burn, it is necessary to close the flap a little, and then, with its help, the oxygen supply to the chamber will be regulated.
It's important to know! It is not recommended to pour gasoline, kerosene or other substances that are easily flammable into a water stove with used oil or other construction.
Working out stoves are perfect for heating a garage or small workshop. However, in a building with constant movement of people, it is not recommended to equip such a structure. The heated surface of the stove absorbs oxygen, which is harmful to respiratory tract person. If you plan to equip such a device for a residential building, then it must be placed in a separate room. And the heating technology should be water-based in order to avoid the release of harmful vapors.
The water-based way to improve efficiency is to form a sealed liquid tank that is located above the upper chamber. To this tank are attached fittings for supplying and discharging water. They are located at different levels to provide heating for different areas.
Another option for increasing the productivity of the furnace is a certain convection of air. This can be done using a fan located closer to the upper chamber. It cools the chamber and at the same time heats the building by drawing in warm air from the stove. This will extend the life of the stove during mining.
The design of the waste oil furnace is a heating system that is fire hazardous. During the operation of the device, you need to know and adhere to certain rules:
1. Before installing the pitch, it is necessary to check its performance, before removing all combustible substances and materials.
2. It is not advisable to add oil while the oven is in operation.
4. Do not leave near the stove materials, means and other objects that can easily ignite.
5. Prevent the possibility of falling materials on the stove.
If you follow all instructions and instructions, you will ensure the safety of using the device. This oven is best assembled for small spaces where there are large stocks of used oil, for example in auto repair shops. This option is very economical, because it allows you to use free resources to heat the building. Additionally, you can equip a sheet of metal on which it will be easy to heat water or food.
We advise you to watch the device assembly technology in the video about the waste oil oven. In the process of work, you need to adhere to a certain sequence in compliance with safety regulations. This will create an economical and practical oven during operation.
One of the most economical is the waste oil furnace, which is a cheap fuel. Usually there is enough of it at the service station, in the transport companies. Of course, mining can be disposed of, but it is more expedient to reuse it, which saves money. After all, working furnaces provide high heat transfer - 15 kW, which is comparable to the indicators. At the same time, moderate fuel consumption is guaranteed - up to 2 liters per hour.
Note: Using a stove during mining has its advantages. The principle of air heating is applied, which allows heating workshops, garages and other similar premises. Since working off is an inalienable " by-effect»The activities of a car service, then working furnaces are often used in such premises.
The owners save a lot on energy.
Serial Waste Oil Furnace
Let's highlight the advantages of using waste oil:
However, there is also a disadvantage of using waste oil:
Consequently, the oil needs to be refined. Doing this yourself is unlikely to succeed. Certain conditions are needed. Therefore, you need to buy prepared oil. Since car services are obliged to conclude contracts for the disposal of spent fuel, the purchase will cost a certain amount.
Simple Waste Oil Furnace Design At the same time, more serious storage conditions must be provided for the oil than, for example, for firewood. After all, when low temperatures it freezes. It is necessary to store it in a heated room or to dig a hole for a container with fuel, the depth of which will exceed the level of freezing of the earth.
Let us consider what kind of furnaces there are for working off.
The most popular options are turbo burners and pyrolysis devices. In the latter, mining heats up when there is a lack of oxygen in the first chamber. Combustion of decomposition products takes place in the second chamber, where there is already a sufficient supply of oxygen. By changing the air supply level, the process temperature is regulated.
Waste oil furnace in a protective casing The main disadvantage of such a furnace during mining is that it is not automatically possible to maintain the temperature, and there is also a need for periodic cleaning of the fractions that accumulate in the chamber.
Special waste oil oven Turbo burners operate on the same principle as diesel engines. Oil enters the chamber and its vapors burn. Such a waste oil furnace needs to maintain a certain quality of fuel. In addition, the device should be warmed up before use.
There are such oil stoves, given the design:
The principle of operation of the oil oven is based on the combustion of vapors. As a rule, about a liter of liquid is poured into the fuel container. To provoke a fire, a little gasoline is poured from above, and then set on fire. After a few minutes, the oil heats up, begins to boil, vapors rise, they ignite and pass through a specially perforated pipe. The holes provide air supply for the combustion process.
Waste oil oven When a stable mode is reached, a temperature of 900 degrees will be achieved. There is a container on the pipe, which acts as a heat exchanger. It can be used as a tile or for organizing hot water heating.
If the scheme of the furnace is correctly selected and implemented, the device can work for almost a day at one refueling. The temperature is adjusted using a hole through which oil can be poured. The increase in temperature is accompanied by the opening of the damper. If you close it completely, the device will stop functioning.
Standard oil heaters include:
For better fuel combustion, air boost can be used. An excellent operating principle is characterized by a furnace where combustion occurs from top to bottom.
Waste oil stove is quite often present in the assortment of different manufacturers. heating equipment... The models on the market are characterized by different sizes, power and other parameters, not to mention the difference in appearance devices.
Ready-made models of furnaces operating on waste oil One of the options is the "Heat" oil stove. This design is intended for heating premises with warm air. Waste oil obtained from various engines, hydraulic circuits and other devices is used as fuel. The device successfully maintains an air temperature of 50–70 degrees. These parameters are determined at the outlet of the stove. The device provides smooth regulation of the pump rotation speed to obtain a certain level of power - from 20 to 40 kW.
The kit contains a fuel tank, which is necessary to ensure the functioning of the furnace without the need for additional refueling. Consumption - 2.5–4.5 liters. The weight of the device is 130 kg. Automatic ignition is provided. A natural addition to the design is a quality certificate.
To make a waste oil oven with your own hands, it is recommended to begin with determining the materials for production, dimensions and other technical data. Only on the basis of these parameters can we try to ensure an effective and safe work devices.
DIY Waste Oil Furnace Model The device must be hermetically sealed, its design must meet the ideas about the safety of using such devices. Then a do-it-yourself stove made with waste oil will work really safely.
Having created a drawing of a stove using waste oil, you can proceed to further actions.
Note: It is best to use as a material for making a stove for working off with your own hands gas bottle... Such containers have a sufficient wall thickness, which will contribute to a longer operation of the device.
The stove made from a gas cylinder is capable of heating a room up to 100 m 2. It is quite possible to equip it to organize water heating... Such a do-it-yourself furnace for working out requires forced air supply. The drawings of the furnaces on the working off must ensure the creation of such a design that will prevent the cylinder from heating up to fire hazardous temperatures.
Waste oil furnace made from a gas cylinderTo make a stove for working off with your own hands, you need the following materials and tools:
Now let's look at how to make the device yourself, focusing on the previously prepared drawings and diagrams.
The wall thickness of the gas cylinder is 1.5 cm. If this parameter is increased, heating from the inside will not be ensured, which will not allow the oil to evaporate. The chamber will be provided with about 600 degrees, while the fuel boils at 300 degrees.
A variant of the design of a homemade stove from a gas cylinder To make a high-quality design, it is worth taking care of the destruction of the characteristic smell of gas, to which a perfume is specially added to determine the leak. The condensate needs to be drained. In some cases, the container is filled with water and then drained. Next, you need to bury it tightly in the ground, and then cut off the top, using, of course, a grinder.
The bottom part will be useful as a camera, and the cut off top will be used as a cover. Then you need to weld steel corners to the bottom of the cylinder, which will be used as legs.
Handmade waste oil oven
Next, we take the lower part, measure 10 cm from its top, cut the hole required for the exhaust pipe. Therefore, when performing an operation, its diameter must be taken into account (as a rule, a size of 10 cm is chosen, a length of 4 m).
A pipe must be inserted into the hole made. Keeping it upright, weld. The verticality of an element can be traced using a level.
From the junction of the pipe and cylinder, you need to retreat 10 cm along the pipe to make holes. For this, you can use a welding machine, since the diameter needs about 2 mm. There should be about 10 such holes, the pitch between them should be 5 mm.
Simple design of a waste oil furnace made from a gas cylinder A hole with a diameter of up to 8 cm should be made in this pipe. This is necessary for welding a pipe up to 4 m long. It is installed horizontally. On top of the cylinder, you need to make a hole for filling the oil. Its diameter is up to 8 cm.
It should be noted that even unrefined oil cannot be poured into a homemade oven. It may contain components that can lead to a fire or even an explosion.
To provide heating of water or food, you can make an additional "tray" with your own hands. To do this, you can use a steel rectangle, it is welded to the lid.
Do-it-yourself furnace for working off
The oil must be filled in at about 0.7 of the volume of the cylinder. After that, the paper is ignited, stacked on top. Then the lid is closed. You need to wait a while for the temperature in the oven to rise. The oil will begin to give off vapors, which will start burning on their own.
Simple design of a homemade waste oil oven And here you need to pay attention that you cannot add oil, gasoline, if the stove is working. When the equipment has cooled down, you can clean it yourself.
The waste oil stove is built on a good technology, which may well be used for heating non-residential premises. If you think over the scheme correctly, draw drawings, then it is quite possible to make a structure with your own hands.
Independent production of a waste oil furnace from a barrel
And even if you yourself will not be able to achieve the same quality as the finished models, homemade samples have sufficient efficiency and functionality to try to make them yourself. To provide best quality combustion, you can retrofit the device with your own hands, then the working furnace will become an indispensable source of heat, moreover, affordable and productive.
Waste oil stoves have gained popularity for several reasons - the appearance of synthetic oils that are easier to burn than older oils without additives, and the possibility of purchasing "waste" - oil drained from the engine and transmission, contaminated with metal particles. Since this unusable substance requires processing, removal and storage, it is easier for enterprises to dispose of it as quickly as possible so as not to come into conflict with environmental legislation.
It is impossible to buy mining from those who are engaged in the manufacture of heating oil from it - these are licensed entrepreneurs and firms that will not sell raw materials instead of their own product. But it is possible to buy used oil in a car service at very low prices.
If you yourself run a car service, that is, you have access to mining in large quantities, then you can put it into circulation quite simply - use it as fuel. But this will require a furnace with certain parameters, in which the mining will not just burn out, but will burn out completely, give a high temperature and will not be recognized by the checking source of harmful emissions.
To do this, you need to make a furnace capable of completely burning out all the components of the used oil. This is not so easy if you take into account its complex composition and some of the subtleties of the combustion process of such products. In particular, it is necessary to create a structure that will allow nitrogen oxides, extremely harmful compounds, not to escape into the atmosphere, but to take part in the combustion of other fuel components.
In this course of events, nitrogen oxides will turn into water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, that is, substances less hazardous from an environmental point of view. And the combustion of mining in the furnace will be almost complete, which is very important - it will have to be cleaned less when receiving a large amount of heat.
What should be taken into account in the manufacture of a working furnace, what are the main principles, difficulties and advantages of such a solution?
Let's remember the difficulties and disadvantages.
Is it possible to balance the advantages and disadvantages of the design, or find an economical, efficient and safe alternative to a homemade waste oil heating stove? You can at least level some of the design flaws and make full use of its full potential.
The principle of operation of a stove for oil processing is the combustion of an oily liquid in stages for the complete combustion of all its components. When using the development with synthetic additives instead of pure rectified oil, this becomes possible. All gear and engine oils now contain synthetic additives to make our job easier.
Why are we talking about two stages? - oil consists of light and heavy components that burn (oxidize with the release of heat) at different temperatures. They need different amounts of oxygen, different temperatures and division into areas where specific processes will take place. The effect of complete combustion can be obtained by separating the substance into fractions already in the combustion process.
Pyrolysis tends to maintain stability, maintain itself, and we can get a process that is simplified like this:
The preheated fuel ignites in the lower part of the combustion chamber of the furnace on waste oil, light substances burn, creating a primary temperature and draft for the evaporation of heavier fractions;
In the middle part of the combustion chamber, heavy components are heated to the combustion temperature and the maximum flow of oxygen from the outside;
The hot pyrolysis mixture enters the upper part of the furnace, where the process of “afterburning” the fuel decomposed into vapors and gases takes place with the decomposition of nitrogen oxides and active heat transfer;
Combustion products go into the chimney, heat is given to the room in the form of radiation.
Why is it possible to use only a vertical chimney in such a waste oil oven? Why create the middle of the furnace as a vertical tube with oxygen supply holes? The point is that good traction and complete combustion all components can be obtained only by heating the entire mixture. If the vapors begin to fly through the combustion chamber at high speed, then there will be no time for this particular warm-up, and the point is
But if you apply the knowledge of the laws of physics, then you can achieve a decrease in the speed of heavy components, give them time to warm up - due to the Coriolis force arising in the vertical part of the combustion chamber. It is a consequence of the rotation of the Earth around its axis, and its effect is expressed in the fact that liquids and gases are twisted in a spiral in a vertical pipe. Thanks to this twisting, the gas components are mixed, stay in the combustion area for a time sufficient for complete heating and combustion, to build such a structure will disappear.
You can get this effect different ways, but in the simplest version, you can achieve a certain ratio of the height and diameter of the vertical part of the combustion chamber and the chimney, if you do not violate the strictly calculated dimensions. In case of violation, the effect of incomplete combustion will occur, soot and soot will begin to settle on the pipe, black smoke will tumble down, and some of the gases will begin to break through into the room through the openings for the flow of oxygen.
After the gases in the combustion chamber are heated and the mixture is saturated with oxygen, the afterburning phase begins, which occurs in the upper part of the furnace. There can be either a kind of expansion with a partition, or a funnel of a certain shape - a temperature jump should occur in them, after which oxygen will give up some of the unburned substances to nitrogen oxides. At this stage of afterburning, hazardous and harmful components are converted into carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen.
What can be improved in this design to achieve more functionality and get rid of the restrictions?
The first two optimizing effects can be obtained using the force of air movement, pressurization, but with certain restrictions. The fact is that feeding air into the combustion chamber from below is useless. It will only lead to a loss of temperature balance and a loss of the mixing effect from the Coriolis force, that is, it will nullify all the advantages of the pyrolysis process.
It is simply useless and even dangerous to make any views and hatches for blowing in the furnace during mining - they can have the effect of throwing out a flame, fuel or a stream of burning gas outside. Unlike wood stove, this system balances itself and at the stage of combustion-afterburning does not need a forced air supply. The holes in the vertical part of the combustion chamber are enough for it.
At the stage of exhausting gases, you can help the stove - install a fan in the chimney to push the combustion products along horizontal pipe, compensating for the loss of thrust from its laying. In fact, this means that the fan will “blow after the gases”, creating overpressure to push them towards the exit from the pipe.
There are two options for creating such a device.
The use of pressurization depends entirely on the capabilities of the owner of the furnace and the specifics of its location. Anyway, heating stoves waste oil suitable for garages and mini-workshops, but require compliance with the rules fire safety- removing objects from the body, clearing the space and controlling the temperature.
We must not forget that it is, in principle, impossible to extinguish such a furnace until the fuel is completely burned out. The flame will support itself in the form of a lazy tongue, which will instantly flare up when a new portion of oil is received.
Heat removal from the furnace body can be organized in two ways:
Installing a fan at some distance, which will constantly blow on the case, driving air past it for even distribution. An ordinary household fan will not be able to critically lower the temperature in the combustion chamber and will not cause the afterburning of fuel to stop. At the same time, there will be more comfort in the room, but it is worth paying attention to this - the fan can partially blow out gases through the holes in the vertical part of the combustion chamber. This is quite risky for those indoors;
The equipment on the body of the furnace is a coil with constantly flowing water - a kind of water heating circuit. It can be replaced with a hot water jacket located in the upper third of the combustion chamber. An indispensable condition is that there must be a gap for air in between the elements for receiving heat and the body of the combustion chamber. It is not worth lowering the heat extraction circuit below.
If forced circulation is connected to such a system, then it will be enough to heat a house or summer cottage, and for a small building there will be enough natural circulation of the coolant. We remind you that all these solutions require correct calculation, because excessive heat extraction will lead to a loss of afterburning efficiency, and excessive heat will lead to melting or cracking of pipes with water. If air is restricted to the combustion chamber, the stove will also lose efficiency.
The fuel consumption in such a furnace is about a liter per hour of operation, and when using a blower fan - up to one and a half liters. If you want to achieve a longer operation of the oven without adding oil, then you can install a larger container next to it and connect the lower parts with a pipe. The principle of communicating vessels will work - the liquid in the combustion chamber and the additional container will be at the same level.
It makes no sense to make the combustion chamber large, because the fuel in it will not warm up to the required temperature. An additional capacity with a throttle valve will help to create a fuel reserve for several hours of combustion, even overnight, without the risk of “overflowing” or interrupting the flow of mining.
The design we have described has serious drawbacks.
A safer design option is to use a drip-fed nozzle or combustion bowl, but here a lot of technological and constitutive difficulties arise. The manufacture of these units is associated with the operation of very precise modern equipment. The nozzle must work with a constant flow of compressed air, and the supply of fuel by drops into the thicket is associated with accurate dosages and raising the mining to a height - above the combustion chamber.
The flame bowl is considered as an option for creating a waste oil furnace, but its design is very difficult to manufacture. Without skills, such a device cannot be built. For him, you will have to buy or assemble a blower fan - a "snail" to swirl the air flow, calculate the installation location. This is a challenge for professionals, but in an industry where there are professionals, it is unpopular. There it is more profitable to use a nozzle or burner with a compressed air supply, a filter and a fuel pump.
A flame bowl with a porous filter element, although it gives a stable economical combustion, cannot be assembled into a completely safe structure with your own hands. It's too complicated. Moreover, no inspectors and insurers will recognize such a device as safe, and expertise will be incredibly expensive.
Those who still want to take advantage of the development opportunities - especially the owners of car services, workshops - it is better to look for and buy a furnace operating on waste oil of industrial development and assembly. For heating industrial premises there are more effective option with a blower fan that creates good conditions for mixing air. In this case, the air is heated in the heat exchanger without the combustion products entering there.
Fans of palliative solutions, amateur performances and exoticism would like to advise - correlate the benefits of using such an oven with its limited capabilities and cost. To homemade stove working off has become safe and convenient, you will have to spend a lot of work and buy a lot of equipment. Isn't it easier to buy a ready-made and certified product right away, which can not only be put in the garage!
Agree that for heating one garage and a barn, the efforts are simply inadequate! And for the safe heating of production, even the smallest, there are compact and manufacturers of furnaces, air heaters and waste oil boilers. It is very difficult and troublesome to make a furnace for testing on your own. Its safety and performance will in any case be much lower than that of proven industrial products with modern burners and even combustion bowls.
Waste is a cheap fuel that can be used to power a furnace. Used motor, industrial and transmission oils are available in large quantities at motor transport enterprises and service stations. Instead of being disposed of, the used oil can be reused, which saves a lot of money. The heat transfer from the waste oil is equivalent to a 15 kW electric heater. Fuel consumption is 0.5-2 liters per hour. However, some difficulties are encountered here as well. You will learn more about them, as well as how to make a working furnace yourself, from the article.
The working furnaces adopt the principle of direct heating of air, and as a result of this use of waste oil, it is possible to heat garages, greenhouses, workshops. It is best to use such stoves in car services, because there is no need to look for fuel. It is already at hand in large quantities.
Dignity
disadvantages use of waste oil:
The most popular waste oil ovens are pyrolysis ovens and turbo burners. In pyrolysis furnaces, the waste oil is heated with a lack of oxygen in the first chamber, where the oil decomposes. The decomposition products are burned in the second chamber with a sufficient amount of oxygen, while generating a large amount of heat. The pyrolysis temperature can be changed by decreasing or increasing the air supply to the pyrolysis chamber. The main disadvantage of such a furnace is the need for regular cleaning from fractions accumulated in the chamber, as well as the impossibility automatic maintenance a certain temperature.
Turbo burners operate on the principle of diesel engines. Oil is sprayed into the chamber and the oil vapor starts to burn. The disadvantage of this type of oven is the high sensitivity to the quality of the oil, as well as the need to warm it up before use.
According to the type of construction, the furnaces for development are subdivided into furnaces made from a gas cylinder, blowing structures and models with a droplet supply of fuel.
The easiest way to make a furnace is from used gas, oxygen or carbon. balloon... The cylinders have a good wall thickness, due to which such an oven will last for more than one year. A heating unit from one cylinder will be able to heat a room up to 90 m 2. Also, such a structure can be converted for water heating. A stove from a cylinder does not require forced air supply, and oil will flow by gravity. To prevent the cylinder from heating up to fire-hazardous temperatures, it is necessary to set the height of the unit circuit in accordance with the height of the combustion source inside the device. For the manufacture of a furnace from a spent cylinder, it is necessary to acquire:
We take a used seamless cylinder for 50 lt thickness up to 1.5 cm... If the walls are thicker, the cylinder will not be sufficiently heated from the inside, and oil vapors will not evaporate. The boiling point of the oil is about 300 0 C, so the chamber will be above 600 0 C. Then you need to get rid of bad smell odorant (leak detection gas) in the gas cylinder. To do this, condensate is drained outside and washed several times with water. Then the balloon filled up to the top with water, placed vertically in a special pallet or buried to a stable position in the ground.
Grinder the top of the balloon is cut off... After the first cut, water begins to drain into the sump or onto the ground. When it drains the water, you can continue cutting the top. Most of the bottom will serve as a chamber, and the cut-off top with a valve will become the oven lid.
We weld to the bottom of the cylinder using a welding machine from steel corners 20 cm "legs" for the stove... Then the balloon is placed on the "legs". In the upper part of the sawn-off bottom half of the cylinder, we retreat 10-15 cm from above and, using welding, cut a hole for the main exhaust pipe along the diameter of the pipe.
As a hood, you must choose thin-walled chimney with a diameter of at least 10 cm and a length of at least 4 m. We insert it into the hole made, hold it strictly vertically and weld it. A small hole must also be made in the chimney, covered with a plate. It can be used to regulate the air supply.
ATTENTION! The chimney must be straight and vertical. No slopes or angles! The length of the chimney must not be less than 4 m.
We retreat up to 10 cm from the place of welding and make a small hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm with a welding machine. After 5 mm up, we make another hole. In the same way, we make 10 similar holes, the latter should be at a height of 50 cm from the welding place.
In the same pipe, at a height of one meter from the floor, a hole is made for a new pipe with a diameter of 5-8 cm and a length of 2-4 m. The pipe is inserted parallel to the floor and is welded by welding.
A hole with a diameter of 5-8 cm is cut in the cut off top of the cylinder. The recycled oil will be poured into it.
ATTENTION! Under no circumstances should unrefined oil be poured into such a structure. It may contain water or alcohols, and if the temperature rises, an explosion and fire may occur. If all this happens in the garage, the consequences can be catastrophic!
In the upper removable part of the cylinder you can connect the "tray" on which you can heat a mug of water or porridge. For this, a small square or rectangle is cut out of the steel sheet and welded to the lid. Alternatively, it can be installed on a pipe that runs parallel to the floor.
Used oil is poured 2/3 bottle... Then you need to light a sheet of paper, put it on top of the oil and close the oven lid.
After a certain time, the temperature inside the furnace will begin to rise, the oil will evaporate and spontaneous combustion of oil vapors.
ATTENTION! Do not add oil to a working oven. Also, you can not use gasoline and kerosene as fuel.
After finishing work and cooling the oven, it is necessary to clean it of the contents. Clean the upper removable part of accumulated soot by knocking the cap on the cylinder.
Very popular among craftsmen from the people of the design of waste oil stoves, made from steel sheets... Such a stove has compact dimensions (70/50/35 cm without a chimney), weighs 27 kg, it can be connected to heating, it can be used in cold weather, and the upper part of the stove can be used for cooking. To make such a furnace, we need:
First, we print drawing of the future furnace with the details drawn on it.
If desired, you can give the stove an aesthetic look. For this we do special paint: Pour half a liter of liquid glass, 200 grams of aluminum powder and 20 grams of chalk into a liter jar. The jar is closed with a lid and shaken vigorously. With this mixture with a regular brush the stove is painted over... The resulting mixture can be used to paint three ovens, so the amount of ingredients can be safely halved.
To use the furnace during mining, certain precautionary measures.
The oven heats up to working condition in 5 minutes. To do this, you need to fill 2/3 fuel tank and top up with a little gasoline and solvent (20-30 grams). On a long wire, you need to make a burning wick and through the hole for filling oil set fire to gasoline... It will help the oil to warm up to the correct temperature so that the vapors begin to evaporate and ignite. After that, a stable column of flame, feeding on oxygen, is formed in the tube with holes. The intensity of the flame can be adjusted by the blower hole where the oil is poured.
ATTENTION! Do not leave a working oven unattended!
