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Lesson objectives:
educational:
- systematization and deepening of students' knowledge about the genres of Old Russian literature; the formation of an idea of the "Teaching" as an ancient Russian cultural monument; deepening knowledge about Vladimir Monomakh, his role in Russian history and culture, the relevance of his work.
developing:
- development of thinking, memory; the formation of communication skills, skills of working with computer programs; improving the skills of comparison, collating information obtained independently from different sources;
educational:
- fostering a sense of responsibility for the assigned work, the ability to work in a group; education of students' moral qualities through the image of Vladimir Monomakh.
Preliminary homework: Collect information about the DRL genres. Prepare projects on the life of Vladimir Monomakh, on the content of the full text of the "Teachings" of Vladimir Monomakh; compose a "lesson" to peers.
Epigraph to the lesson: “He who has ears, let him hear ...” (from the “Gospel” of Matthew).
Hello guys and guests. Today we will continue our acquaintance with the DRL monument - "Precept" by Vladimir Monomakh. Write in notebooks the number, the topic of the lesson: "The meaning of the" Teachings "of Vladimir Monomakh."
As an epigraph for the lesson, I took the words from the “Gospel” from Matthew: “He who has ears, let him hear”. How do you understand it? Write it down.
Based on the topic of the lesson and the epigraph, set a learning problem for the lesson. (Find out what is the meaning of the "Precept" in our time, how it is interesting for us.) Thank you, right.
I would like, guys, that today in the lesson you demonstrate not only your knowledge, but also show how you can translate it into real projects and use it not only in the classroom, but also in life.
Homework will be related to what will be discussed in the lesson. Write it down: write a miniature essay “What advice from Vladimir Monomakh do I consider important and why?”
Updating students' knowledge.
Teacher. Lesson is one of the genres of DRL. Let's remember what this genre is and what other genres existed in DRL.
A group of children received the task to conduct an interesting survey on the topic “DRL genres”. Annex 1... Let's see what they did. (Assignment to the class). I ask you to write down the names of the genres that will be discussed.
Pupils guess the crossword puzzle, the word “instruction” is obtained vertically. The names of genres are recorded in notebooks.
Discussion of the crossword puzzle. Sample questions for the 1st group.
- Why did you choose these genres?
- What other genres existed in DRL?
Teacher. What, in your opinion, is the significance of DRL? Why do you need to know and study it?
- Tell me, guys, what did you learn by completing this task?
Teacher. Well done boys. You prepared well and conducted an interesting survey, and learned a lot about the DRL genres. You have coped with your task and deserve excellent marks.
Assignment to the class: make a plan for the biography of V. Monomakh.
Discussion of the project. Sample questions for the 2nd group.
- One of the tasks that you set was to reveal in the personality of V. Monomakh the features of a historical figure. What traits do you find important?
- How can your presentation be used?
- What sources did you refer to while working on the project?
- Was it interesting for you to work on the project?
Teacher. You did a good job and deserve the highest marks. Thanks.
We learned a lot of interesting things about the personality of Grand Duke Vladimir Monomakh. Let's take a break: we will have a physical education minute.
The glorious prince Monomakh ruled in Russia. (Turns of the torso.)
Who has not heard about him, listen, understand:
He was honest, and courageous, and full of strength (Swing his hands.)
To collect holy Russia, to save from the war.
He delivered Russia from the Polovtsian tribes. (Torso bends.)
He made friends with all the princes and headed them.
Monomakh gave the following instructions to the sons: (Rotation of the eyes.)
To live in friendship, to respect the old and the sick,
Do not be lazy, study, value friendship. (Rotations with the hands.)
And then Russia will remember its sons.
Teacher. Vladimir Monomakh was an extraordinary person, a wise man, if he created the "Instruction", which is relevant to this day. Let's try to figure out what is its relevance.
The third group of children examined the full text of the "Teachings" in detail. Tell us about the work done.
Assignment to the class: Write down the structure of the “Lessons”.
Discussion of the project. Sample questions for group 3.
- Don't you think that the "Precept" is outdated nowadays?
- How did you work on the project?
- What was the most difficult thing?
Teacher. Thanks guys. You have quite deeply understood the structure and content of the "Precept", have done a great deal of work and are getting excellent marks.
Discussion of the project. Sample questions for group 4.
- How do you explain the choice of such advice to your peers?
- Why didn't you limit yourself to advice to children and peers and turned to adults?
- Why did you choose the form of a booklet for the implementation of your project?
Teacher. What have you learned by completing the assignment?
- How can you practically use your work?
Well done guys, you did a very good job and honestly earned great grades.
The outstanding DRL monument - "The Teaching" of Vladimir Monomakh - must be viewed in the context of the historical era of the late 11th century. Of course, the political activity of Vladimir Monomakh himself was by no means always morally impeccable. In his activities there were cases of treachery, and violation of promises, and cruel treatment of the population of the captured cities. All this is so!
And with all that, Monomakh knew how to admit his mistakes, he knew how, as in the case of Oleg, to forgive the sworn enemy. His example is amazing. And instructive for us. Remember the epigraph to the lesson: “He who has gorge, let him hear ...”. I hope that today you have not only heard, but also understood a lot of what the great Vladimir Monomakh bequeathed to us, his descendants.
- Was it interesting in the lesson? Was the lesson helpful to you? How? Will the skills and abilities you learn while working on projects be useful to you in the future?
Preparing yourself for the lesson, you managed to gain new knowledge, comprehend it and presented it in the form of a crossword puzzle, presentations, and a booklet. That is, you have shown how you can use your knowledge in practice.
Thank you for a fruitful and interesting lesson.
- "Lesson". The analysis of this work will be very interesting, since this work has almost a thousand-year history. It is imbued with belief in the good, elevates moral standards and guides descendants along the path of peace, advising them to forget differences in favor of a single common goal. To understand this work in full, however, requires not only careful reading, but also knowledge of the historical context, against which the wisdom of the ruler's recommendations stands out even more clearly.
Vladimir Vsevolodovich ruled various regions of Rus before becoming the Grand Duke of Kiev. He was nicknamed Monomakh, since his mother was, in all likelihood, the daughter of the Byzantine emperor, Constantine Monomakh.
The future Grand Duke grew up in conditions of political tension - he went through a series of military conflicts with the Polovtsians, who posed a serious threat to the ancient Russian state, and internal feuds. When analyzing the text "The Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh", it is necessary to note some facts of his personal biography. Unlike many young offspring of the princely family, Vladimir showed an amazing peacefulness. For example, he abandoned his claims to the Kiev throne after the death of his father in favor of his older brother. Of course, such a priority was provided for by traditions, but in many other similar situations the contenders unleashed conflicts for personal power, weakening the country.
The main position of Vladimir is faith in God, from which follows various strategies of behavior, approved and supported by Christianity: to keep these vows, to help the weak and the poor, to honor the elders, to lead a righteous lifestyle. Here he points out the need to carry out prayer.
However, Vladimir Monomakh reveals an even more ancient motive in his will. Analysis of the "Precept" demonstrates that honoring the guest is of great importance for the ruler. You may have heard that since ancient times there was an unwritten code in which the acceptance of a guest in his home was recognized as mandatory, regardless of the time of day and living conditions. As in fairy tales, where "to feed, drink and put to bed" is the only possible option for meeting a stranger, in everyday life the traveler who looked at the light was an untouchable person. He was not even supposed to ask who he was and where he came from - he could tell this only at will, already being accepted by the owners.
So, the analysis of "Teachings for Children" by Vladimir Monomakh shows that the text is a set of ideas of religious and everyday morality.
Vladimir, as a wise politician, opposes the fragmentation of the state. Of course, he saw throughout his life how often the thirst for personal power undermines the stability of the country: in internecine wars, the struggle for power with the use of intrigue and the involvement of external military forces, he sees only a way of "undermining" the welfare of Russia. As we know from the prince's biography, he himself did not use the opportunity to increase his influence until he received the legal right to do so.
Looking into the coming century, we see how the reluctance of the descendants to analyze the "Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh" and to heed the advice of the wise ruler turned out: the Mongols, who whirled through Russia, swept away all the troops of the princes who were distant from each other and established their rule for several centuries.
Vladimir, accepting the system and urging people to believe in God and help those in need, does not advocate abandoning the war. Indeed: he is a politician, and it is simply impossible to ensure the security of the country and the people without military force. Analysis of the "Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh" as a historical source shows that the prince took part in more than eighty campaigns and concluded dozens of agreements, which he himself narrates.
It cannot be said that the author has always acted "objectively justly", but always - in the interests of his country. For example, having accepted the request for help of an impostor claiming the Byzantine throne, the prince could not help but be aware of the deception. The prolonged hostilities, which became the last between Kiev and Constantinople (Constantinople), ended without any major success, and the agreement was sealed by a dynastic marriage.
Vladimir is a highly educated person. The work is replete with quotes, especially from the Bible, which speaks not only of the developed morality of the prince, but also of the deliberate study of the issue on the eve of writing his will to children.
When analyzing "The Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh" one can see the names of many Russian cities. Some of them are large centers today: Vladimir, Novgorod, Kursk, Smolensk, Rostov. Others have lost their former importance: Suteysk, Kordno, Starodub, Berestye, Turov.
Other scenes are also given in the text: thanks to the records of the Grand Duke about hunting deer and boars, martens and rounds, as well as many other animals, scientists can draw conclusions about the stability of their habitat. Thus, the historical source can serve the needs of a wide variety of sciences.
Unfortunately, you cannot read this text in the original without preparation - the Russian language of the XII century is very different from the modern one both in spelling and pronunciation. Have you heard of such letters as "yat", "big nus" and "small nus"? Do you know what sounds were used for symbols that looked like a soft and hard sign? So, reading the text in its original form will be problematic.
Thus, when analyzing the work "The Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh" you should be guided by translations. They are usually accompanied by a large number of notes to make your work easier. The comments written by professional historians will make it possible not to refer to encyclopedias and other sources on every issue.
Despite the difference in spelling, the grammatical structure of the Russian language has been largely preserved. This will allow you to see the stylistic features and literary techniques used by the author.
The original text of the "Instruction" might not have survived to this day. Most likely, he would have died in the Moscow fire of 1812, if not for a fortunate coincidence. For fun, take a look at the original text and try to decipher what was written.
However, the analysis of "The Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh" can be carried out according to the adapted version. This work is an important historical document reflecting both state problems and realities, as well as facts from the personal biography of the Grand Duke.
Be sure to familiarize yourself with other texts from different eras. Only by referring to the original documents instead of free interpretations, you come closer to understanding the meaning that the author put into what he wrote, as well as the context that caused the creation of the text. And remember that hard work always pays off.
Zabbarova Aisylu, grade 11, MBOU "Starostudenetskaya secondary school of the Buinsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan"
"The Teaching of Vladimir Monomakh" is a work that describes the ideal that every Christian of Ancient Rus aspired to and every citizen of modern Russia should strive for, a storehouse of useful advice and wisdom for future generations, the ideal that everyone should strive for.
And today "The Teaching of Vladimir Monomakh" is of great importance. Undoubtedly, the eternal truths set forth by the Grand Duke are still alive today. People kill each other, rob, cheat, and incite wars. All this is godless, unnatural, antihuman. Monomakh taught goodness and obedience, honesty and philanthropy, loyalty to his civic duty, faith in God.
Introduction
Main part.
Conclusion
Introduction
"Strive to do all sorts of good deeds."
Vladimir Monomakh
1. Reasons for choosing a research topic
Theme research work attracted my attention because the opportunity presented itself to learn new facts of the reign of Vladimir Monomakh, both a talented ruler and a writer of Ancient Russia, who lived and worked at the end of the 11th - beginning of the 12th century and his instructions, which served as moral values at that time and are relevant now .. For this I chose the work "The Teaching of Vladimir Monomakh", which is given little time in history lessons.
2.Problem and research hypothesis
Problem
Hypothesis research is expressed by the following statement.
If you thoroughly study the "Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh", you will understand the greatness of the spiritual and moral feat of its creator, the significance of his historical personality and the influence on the minds of the people of modern Russia.
3. Relevance and novelty of the work
Relevance The theme is explained by the fact that a work written almost ten centuries ago is still modern.
The advice of Vladimir Monomakh is perceived by people living in the 21st century as wise advice for all occasions. You listen to them, rethink and understand that they are very close to your heart and soul.
Novelty the chosen topic will be perception, interpretation.
4. The purpose and objectives of the study
Target work - to show that Vladimir Monomakh is a great prince, a brave warrior, a wise politician and writer.
Tasks :
2. To study the biography of the writer, based on the sources of the library fund, Internet resources.
3. Pay attention to the genre originality of the work.
I collected information on this topic and found the following literature, which helped to help uncover the problem raised in the work:
Main part.
The reign of Monomakh, according to one historian, is "one of the most prosperous pages in the history of the Kiev region." Monomakh gained popularity in the fight against the Polovtsians, and during the entire period of Monomakh's reign in Kiev, not a single Polovtsian raid on the Russian lands was mentioned.
The "Precept" is artificially inserted into the chronicle, interrupting the coherent and integral narrative of the events of 1096. It was written not earlier than 1117, when Monomakh was already 64 years old.
The reason for writing the first part of his "Teachings" was the arrival of ambassadors from his brothers with a proposal:
To clarify the will of God, Vladimir uses, one might say, the traditional method of those times: after praying, he opens the Psalter, and, having read the first words, uses them as a guide to action.
In the very first lines we meet the condemnation of the lawlessness to which the princes tried to incite him: "do not compete with the wicked, do not envy those who do lawlessness." Thus, Monomakh wants to show all the perniciousness of internecine wars, which often tore apart Russia at that time.
So, taking the pretext for moralizing from this visit, Monomakh goes from teaching to princes to teaching about Christian life in general, addressing his "Instruction" first of all to his children, and then to any other Christian who will read these lines:
He advises young men:
have a pure and pure soul, a thin body, a meek conversation and observe the word of the Lord: "Eat and drink without great noise, be silent with the old, listen to the wise; in a word, do not blaspheme in conversation, do not laugh a lot, be ashamed of elders, do not talk with ridiculous women, keep your eyes down and your soul up, avoid fuss; do not shy away from teaching those who are fond of power, put universal honor in anything. bring benefit, let him hope for reward from God and enjoy eternal blessings. " | the soul is pure, not foul, bodily thin, gentle conversation and in the world the word of the Lord: "Eat and drink the devil is great to be, with the old silence, the wise listen, the oldest repent, with the accurate and the least love imhti; without the bow is breathless, but there is a lot of intelligence; do not overtake the word, nor blaspheme with rage, do not be overwhelmed with confusion, shame on the elders, do not shame on the wives of ill-fated, do not be devilish with your eyes, but with your heart, abide; do not scold to teach the light power, in no way, even from all the honor. who can inhm listen to you, from the god of mezda, yes, and the great blessings will enjoy. " |
Continuing his speech, Monomakh goes on to the highest Christian virtues: love for enemies and hatred for sin:
He advises those in power to act mercifully with everyone:
First, he says:
If God softens your heart, shed tears for your sins, saying: "As you have mercy on the harlot, the robber and the publican, so have mercy on us sinners." And in church do that and lie down. Do not miss a single night - if you can, bow down to the ground; if you get sick, three times. Do not forget this, do not be lazy, because with that night bow and prayer a person overcomes the devil, and that he sins in a day, then this person gets rid of. | If you, God, soften your heart, and shed your tears for your sinners, the river: as if you had mercy on the harlot and the robber and the tax collector, so have mercy on us sinners! And in the church you go and lie down. Do not sin a single night, if you can, bow down to the ground; and whether you will start not urine, but three times. And do not forget that, do not be fooled, the darkness of the night bow and the sound of a man will swallow the devil, and that in the day to sin, and that is to be a man. |
Monomakh does not forget about helping the poor, widows and orphans. His view of the death penalty is still relevant today:
Various teachings are of great importance in the development of morality. He urges you not to have pride in your heart, bringing to mind your mortality. He exhorts to honor the old as a father and the young as brothers. In the house, do not be lazy, do not rely on housekeepers and look after everything yourself.
Monomakh offers teachings and a military nature - not to rely on the governor, not to indulge in drinking or food, or sleeping, to place the guard himself on all sides; go to bed near the soldiers and get up early.
He also urges to beware of lies, drunkenness and fornication, from which both soul and body perish. In the teachings, we see an appeal to the patient to visit, to accompany the deceased. Don't miss a person without greeting him.
Thus, having studied the available literature, Internet resources on the work of Old Russian literature "The Teaching of Vladimir Monomakh", you can do the following conclusions:
Wise politician interested in ending the princely feuds and rallying the forces of Russia to repel the Polovtsy;
Peacemaker , wishing the Fatherland peace and good:"We will not destroy the Russian land";
True patriot of the Fatherland: "I do not want evil, but I want good to the brethren and the Russian land";
Man of Conscience who does not want to burn at her fire;
Human generous, fair, sincere, sincere, kind;
Conclusion
Research Abstracts
Supervisor : Zagidullina G.M., teacher of history and social studies,MBOU "Starostudenetskaya secondary school of the Buinsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan"
Theme research work attracted my attention because the opportunity presented itself to learn new facts of the reign of Vladimir Monomakh, both a talented ruler and a writer of Ancient Russia, who lived and worked at the end of the 11th - beginning of the 12th century and his instructions, which served as moral values at that time and are relevant now ...
For this I chose the work "The Teaching of Vladimir Monomakh", which is given little time in history lessons.
Problem the research consists in comprehending the interaction between the past and the present, in the influence of the content of a cultural monument on the worldview, on the worldview of the modern surrounding world. I would like to understand what the forgotten pages of the literature of Ancient Rus can teach us, young citizens of Russia of the new millennium.
Hypothesis research is expressed by the following statement. If you thoroughly study the "Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh", you will understand the greatness of the spiritual and moral feat of its creator, the significance of his historical personality and the influence on the minds of the people of modern Russia.
Relevance The theme is explained by the fact that a work written almost ten centuries ago is still modern. The advice of Vladimir Monomakh is perceived by people living in the 21st century as wise advice for all occasions. You listen to them, rethink and understand that they are very close to your heart and soul.
purpose of work - to show that Vladimir Monomakh is a great prince, a brave warrior, a wise politician and writer.
"The Teaching of Vladimir Monomakh" is a work that describes the ideal that every Christian of Ancient Rus aspired to and every citizen of modern Russia should strive for, a storehouse of useful advice and wisdom for future generations, the ideal that everyone should strive for.
And today "The Teaching of Vladimir Monomakh" is of great importance. Undoubtedly, the eternal truths set forth by the Grand Duke are still alive today. People kill each other, rob, cheat, and incite wars. All this is godless, unnatural, antihuman. Monomakh taught goodness and obedience, honesty and philanthropy, loyalty to his civic duty, faith in God.
I became convinced of the greatness of the spiritual and moral feat of its creator, and Vladimir Monomakh's advice became close in spirit.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Starostudetskaya secondary school of Buinsky
municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan "
Research:
"The moral values of the" Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh ""
Supervisor : Zagidullina Gulnar Makhmutgareevna, teacher of history and social studies
To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and sign in to it:
Vladimir Monomakh, Grand Duke of Kiev, was the son of Vladimir Yaroslavich and a Byzantine princess, daughter of Emperor Constantine Monomakh. The works of Vladimir Monomakh were written in the 11th and early 12th centuries and are known under the title "Instructions". They are part of the Laurentian Chronicle. "The Lecture" is a kind of collection of the prince's writings, including the Lecture itself, an autobiography and a letter from Monomakh to Prince Oleg Svyatoslavich. The lesson was a political and moral testament of the prince, addressed not only to his sons, but also to a wide range of readers.
At the beginning of the "Teachings" Monomakh gives a number of moral admonitions: do not forget God, do not have pride in your heart and mind, respect old people; Judge the orphan and the widow for yourself, and do not let the strong destroy a man. Honor the old as a father, and the young as brothers. Above all honor the guest. Do not miss the person without greeting him, and say a good word to him "1. a man who embodied the ideal of a prince who cares about the glory and honor of his native land.
Before us are moral precepts, high moral covenants, which are of lasting importance and are valuable to this day. They make us think about relationships between people, improve our moral principles. But "Instruction" is not only a collection of everyday moral advice, but also the political testament of the prince. It goes beyond the narrow scope of the family document and acquires great social significance.
Vladimir Monomakh puts forward the tasks of the general state order, considering it the duty of the prince to take care of the welfare of the state, of its unity. Internecine feuds undermine the economic and political power of the state, only peace leads to the prosperity of the country. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the ruler to preserve the world.
Gradually, "Instruction" develops into an autobiography, in which the prince says that he was a member of 82 large military campaigns. He tried to build his life according to the same rules that he writes to his sons. Monomakh appears in his work as an unusually active person, a zealous champion of enlightenment. He believes that in everyday life the prince should be an example for those around him, family relations should be built on respect. In the "Teachings" Monomakh covers a wide range of life phenomena, provides answers to many social and moral questions of his time.
The third work of Vladimir Monomakh is a letter to his cousin Oleg Svyatoslavich, written about the death of his own son Izyaslav, who was killed by Oleg in battle. The letter is wise and calm. Bitterly regretting the death of his son, the prince is nevertheless ready to understand everything and forgive everything. War is war. His son died, as many die in battle. The trouble is not that another prince died on the battlefield. The trouble is that the princely feuds and strife are ruining the Russian land. Monomakh believes that it is time to end these fratricidal wars. The prince offers peace to Oleg: "I am not your enemy, not an avenger ... And I offer you peace because I do not want to be dashing, but I want good for all our brothers and the Russian land."
DS Likhachev noted that "Monomakh's letter is amazing. I do not know anything in world history similar to this letter from Monomakh. Monomakh forgives the murderer of his son. Moreover, he consoles him. inheritance of the principality, asks to forget the grievances "3.
Studying ancient Russian literature, we come across the teachings of Vladimir Monomakh, which he addressed to his sons, but it turned out that the significance of the teachings is great, and therefore they are relevant even in our time. It's like a testament that the prince left not only to his children, but also to us, the readers. And now, many centuries later, Monomakh's teaching guides everyone on the right path, touches on moral and political issues. Thanks to the essay for the 7th grade, we learn about the instructions, and about the brief biography of the prince with a letter to Oleg Svyatoslavich. And now let's write on the topic: The teachings of Vladimir Monomakh.
Vladimir Monomakh - Prince of Kiev, was the most authoritative prince of the Russian land and ruled at the turn of the 11-12 centuries. At this time, he writes his instructions. First of all, in my writing - reasoning should be noted the moral instructions. The prince calls not to forget God, not to be proud, to be kind and to respect elders. Monomakh calls not to be lazy, to bypass lies, to help the weak, disadvantaged, to support widows and orphans. In his teachings, Vladimir gives a lot of practical advice, including not to trample other people's crops, learn languages, and the like. The prince urges to pay special attention to the guests.
What does Monomakh teach? It seems to me, first of all, the prince teaches relationships between people, talks about self-improvement and the fact that you need to adhere to moral principles.
At the same time, the prince speaks not only about household advice. It also touches on political issues, showing how important it is to end civil strife that harm the country's economy. He says how much these feuds are weakening the state. In the Teachings, the prince calls for state order. Vladimir also points out that the good of the state and its people is in the hands of the princes. It is very important to rule in a world that leads any state to prosperity.
Getting acquainted with Monomakh in his teachings, I note that the prince was educated, well-read, erudite, he was a champion of enlightenment. He believed that the prince is a role model, an example for others, so you need to be worthy of this high title.
The letter to his brother, who was the murderer of Vladimir's son, is striking in the work. We see that the prince forgives the murderer. As for me, this is a strong act, I would never have been able to forgive the murderer, although I understand that at that time, during the wars, deaths were commonplace.
I will conclude my essay The Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh in grade 7 with the opinion that the teachings written to the sons are wonderful, valuable and most important, they are relevant to this day.
