As you know, the flow of heat that the sun sends us is very large, even in the middle lane, it easily reaches one kilowatt per square meter. Kilowatt is approximately like a mob of electric furnaces. And sin disappear without the cause of such a number of energy.
In this review, I would like to draw the attention of homemade workers on how you can make actually working solaries in which you can prepare food, dry mushrooms, or, for example, to get heat for thermogenerator's operation on Peltier elements.
Basically, in the world, when using such structures, the main emphasis is made on cooking, or disinfection of water without the use of fire. But what prevents applying all this for other purposes.
It should not even think that all similar designs were invented for hot countries and work only there. Nothing like this. The first (mentioned) solar furnaces were invented by Horace de Solviyur, the Swiss naturalist in 1767. Now solar kitchens are used from hot Africa deserts to Canada forests. In the middle lane of Russia, such kitchens can really work about 5 ... 6 months a year, however, in some areas of Siberia, where the continental climate provides a clear sky for many days, up to 300 days a year. Those. While the sun shines.
Designs
What kind of structures of solar furnaces exist now? The main types are three:
1. Boxes.
2. With a mirror-hub.
3. Combined.
Box sun oven.
Solar oven with a hub.
Combined construction of a solar furnace.
All these designs can be easily manufactured using girlfriend - cardboard, foil, glue, etc. The examples below will be clearly visible.
Boxing solaries
It is a heat insulated box, most often from ordinary cardboard, the top of which is covered with transparent glass or plastic. One or more mirrors reflectors are often added to such a box to increase heat collection.
Such heaters are used mainly to relatively slow preparation of large amounts of food.
Boxing solaries
Actually, the design of the apparatus is visible in the pictures. As an addition, it can be noted that:
1. The inner walls of the box should also be covered with foil, i.e. Have a good reflection.
2. Pan, on the contrary, should absorb the rays well, i.e. Be black, for example, wiggly.
3. There must be good thermal insulation of the drawer walls so that the heat does not go outside, both through the walls and in the gap between the top glass and the walls.
As thermal insulation, cardboard, paper or other natural materials would be used, which would not be distinguished by harmful substances when heated.
The temperature in a similar furnace can reach 150 ... 170 gr. But even S. cardboard box It's not worth afraid of fire, because Temperature is not sufficient for this.
The durability of such cardboard structures can be quite high - up to 10 years.
Examples of a more solid design.
Solar kitchens with parabolic hub
These plates are a conventional concave mirror, collecting rays in its focus. It is not necessary to achieve the ideal geometry of such a mirror, because In focus, it is usually located very large on the square of the saucepan.
The peculiarity of such kitchens is a large heating temperature "Objectives". Those. It is convenient to use when you need to quickly, like on a regular plate, prepare a relatively small amount of food.
The disadvantages of such a design are: the need to follow the sun (you have to turn the mirror about once in half an hour), and the ability to get burns of eyes and hands with careless circulation.
Despite the seeming complexity of the manufacture of the reflector, it is also quite simple and can be made of cardboard and foil. An example and sequence of assembling one of the options are shown in the figures below.
General form.
Cutting one of the petals. Total 12 pcs.
Petals of cardboard are first connected along the long side.
Then combine the inner part of the obtained hubbar.
Strip the wire.
That's what is obtained as a result (view from the outside and inside).
Inside strengthen the stand for the pan.
As you can see, nothing complicated. Even nothing to describe, the pictures explain everything.
Combined solar furnace scheme.
It is the easiest of construction, and is a concentrator mirror consisting of several flat mirrors and a pan, which is thermally insulated from the ambient air with a conventional polyethylene package.
Combined design
Below is a pattern of one of the real exhaust structures of similar furnaces. Let me remind you, as a mirror uses the usual cardboard with an aluminum foil pasted on one side.
Pattern of a mirror for a combined solar furnace.
A feature of this design is the possibility of folding it into a compact block with dimensions, approximately 33x33 cm.
Folding.
But what it looks alive.
Conclusion
The purpose of this article was to draw the attention of tourists (and other people) to similar solar heaters. Although, abroad, they are positioned, mainly as devices for cooking, but if you approach creatively, you can find many applications in other areas.
After all, the main advantage of such furnaces is low cost and minimum weight (cardboard with foil).
Solar furnaces or "Solar Plates" are increasingly used worldwide to reduce the use of firewood and other types of fuel. Even if you have electricity, this energy saving device is always useful to you. To make a light or powerful solar oven, follow these instructions.
Put a smaller box into a large box. The distance between the boxes are torn in shreds with newspapers. This isolation material.
Cover the inner cavity of a smaller box with a black building cardboard. It will absorb heat. When you fix the building cardboard on the walls of the box, make sure that the width of the narrowed end of the square is the same as the width of the parties on which you secure this square; The width of the expanding end should be several centimeters more than the width of the narrowed end.
Cover all parts of the cardboard with reflective foil material. The reflective material should fit tightly, because it is sparing all the folds and bends. Fasten the material with rubber glue or scotch on the side of each reflector.
Attach all reflectors to the top of the box. You can use glue, stapler or threads, and let reflectors will still observe.
Bring each reflector at an angle of 45 degrees. Most easy way This is done - to connect reflectors in expanding upper corners (eg, punctures adjacent angles and tied their thread, then unleash them for disassembly). Nevertheless, you can insert rods into the ground under the reflectors or something else that can hold them in one place. If the street is windy, secure the rods firmly so that they are not demolished.
Put the oven under the open sun and cook. Put food into small boxes for cooking. It is best to cook in banks or on a small, dark bakery man. Experiment with the cooking time and the place where you put the box. You may have to change the position of the box several times in the cooking process to catch the sun's rays.
Vertical Cut the metal bidon with a mechanical jigsaw. Boidge will come down for petroleum products. Take a metal cutting saw. When you finish, half the bidon should be similar to the cradle. For the oven you will need only one half of the bidon.
Thoroughly wash the inner cavity of the bidon by degreasing soap. Use a scraper brush, paying attention to corners and crevices.
Measure and cut the pieces of sheet metal to cover the inner cavity of the bidon. You will need one large rectangle for the arcuate side and two semicircles for other sides.
Attach sheet metal to the inside of the bidon. To attach pieces of a sheet with extended rivets, drill holes through a sheet metal and a 3 mm bidon, and then insert 3 mm rivets. You can also drill holes, and then gripe the sheet metal with the bidon with screws for fastening sheet metal. Now the screws will stick out of the back of the furnace, but then they will be covered with insulation.
Paint the inner side of the reflective paint bidon for barbecue. It will increase the temperature inside the furnace.
Cover three of the four top edges of the oven with a solid metal opening. It will fasten the glass countertop on the spot (which you will insert and pull out through the fourth open side). It is easiest to make it from six segments of a metal apron:
Turn the half of the bidon to the bottom and spray isolation along the outer walls. The layer should be thin, because it will then expand. Look at the canister for further instructions.
Secure the bottom of the furnace on the ground. Just drill and secure the bidon on the ground, which is most convenient for your location (eg, wooden or rectangular aluminum frame on wheels, etc.), making sure that the base is wide enough, in order not to overtaken. Depending on the location, you may need a little tilt the oven for better sunlight getting (eg, in the northern hemisphere, the furnace must be tilted to the south, and on the equator - directly up).
Drill drainage holes in the snack bottom. Just drill small holes every few inches in a straight line in the bottom, rude isolation. Thanks to these holes, the spacked and chilled pairs will flush down out of the oven.
Insert a suitable tempered glass into a metal opening. The tempered glass is not only stronger than the usual, but it also goes with rapid edges, which allows you to use it immediately. Since you will regularly move the glass, select a thicker sheet (eg 5 mm) for an additional fortress. Order it in a shopping store, indicating the size of your solar furnace.
Install the magnetic thermometer. For example, thermometers for wood stove They have a magnetic lining, due to which the thermometer withstands constant high temperatures.
Put along the bottom thin aluminum grill (optional). Just put one or two aluminum grill for convenient placement of food.
Try the heat capacity of your oven on a hot sunny day. It is reasonable to assume that the maximum temperature for this furnace ranges between 250 and 350 degrees in Fahrenheit (90-175 degrees Celsius). The heat capacity of a particular furnace model is determined by the size, materials from which it is made and isolation. Use this temperature to stretch the cooking of meat for several hours, as if you cook it in a slower. The preparation of roast beef or chicken will take about 5 hours, and ribs - only 3 (plus 5-10 minutes of roasting at the end). Check the inner temperature of your meat using a thermometer when you close the oven.
Use free sun energy is very tempting. Halyava - she always manit.
I already wrote about, and this article about how to cook food using the light from the sun.
First of the homemade solar furnace.
Make a sunny oven with your own hands very simple, you just need to concentrate the falling light in one point and ready.
Here is a simple way of concentration - a film and water is used.
On this installation, you can melt metal and cook food.
Installation stationary and suitable for country house or cottage. Well, or asylum located so that it is not to carry out electricity.
It is the last condition that the inaccessibility of electricity most often becomes the reason for the manufacture of a solar furnace. The sun, of course, also not every day shines sufficiently, but save gas or gasoline in clear days on cooking - it is very successful thought.
The portable concentrator of sun rays is easy to make a mirror film.
The main thing to give a mirror layer concave is to glue the central part to the bottom, before fixing the edges of the mirror film.
This video shows the drawings of the solar furnace and the theory of her work.
But the continuation is the step-by-step production of the solar stove.
Demonstration of the solar furnace.
As you can see, the sun oven is quite simple in the manufacture and works even in winter, if, of course, the day is sunny.
However, in the campaign, you will not take such structures, and sometimes, especially if you travel in winter in the steppe or mountainous area, then the fuel has to carry with you. In such campaigns, the portable solar oven is very relevant.
Here is the finished example of a portable solar stove in the shape of a pipe, it works exclusively on solar energy - not a drop of fuel is not used to prepare kebabs and other yummy.
A life modern man It is difficult to imagine without the use of energy. Traditionally, energy sources are oil, gas, coal. However, in nature, the reserves of organic fuel are limited, and not far the day when they run out. In order to avoid the energy crisis, the minds of the whole world are actively developing technologies based on alternative, renewable energy sources, such as solar heat, wind power and water movement in rivers, seas and oceans, tidal energy of sea waves. In many countries of the world, the use of various installations converting solar energy into thermal is gradually increasing.
Question of economical or home, feed hot water And many other aspects of life support often get up to the owners of real estate, remote from the city feature, devoid of opportunities to enjoy the benefits of civilization. Traditional assumes fuel reserve, and this is a means, and a considerable territory. If used for heating gas or diesel fuel, special capacity and a safe storage place are required, as well as a special feed system. Coal and firewood should be stored in the Big Saraj.
In such situations every year, the increasingly homeowners turn to the use of inexhaustible solar energy. Special plants collecting and converting light rays into heat are quite acceptable and for Russian cloudy winters. Even in a relatively gloomy day, the sun oven copes with the heating of a country house. In addition, the use of the energy of the Sun is absolutely silent and does not give toxic emissions into the atmosphere.
Constantly developing technologies make it possible to use various models of collectors that accumulate the energy of the Sun even at minus temperatures and in cloudy weather. The availability of information allows you to independently select the appropriate model or make the solar furnace with your own hands. Today, solar collectors are represented by three main types:
After reading the principles of their work, the features of installation and efficiency, it is easy to choose a suitable model of a solar oven for home heating.
The most common and economical flat panels consist of an aluminum frame coated with special dark glass that protects the design from precipitation and possible damage. Inside for circulation of coolant mounted copper tubes. And the free space of the panel is filled with the receiving and holding heat. So that solar energy does not waste on the panel is equipped with thermal insulation. Today, these models are considered the most effective for the Russian climate.
They work according to the type of thermos and consist of a two-layer tube system filled with vacuum. Dark glass tubes are filled with coolant. Covered with silicone layer, they absorb infrared radiation and heat of sunlight, and the vacuum is absolute, retaining 95% of the resulting energy, thermal insulator. Even with very low temperatures This type of solar furnace is very effective.
Less often used air collectors who heat the incoming inner space House air. The principle of operation of such a device is based on the effect of a greenhouse, that is, through conductive light, the coating infrared rays are accumulated in a heat transfer, transmitting the resulting solar energy of the portion of the air entering the house. They are easily mounted, economical, but little effective, so worse than liquids.
The effectiveness of such equipment depends on the intensity of sunlight, the size of the structure used and the correct installation. For example, flat and vacuum collectors are mounted only on scanty roofs. The panel of a large solar furnace area of \u200b\u200b20 m 2 provides permanent high-quality heating of a single-storey country house.
The autonomous heating system operating at the expense of solar energy processing includes three main components in its design:
The mechanism of operation of the solar stove is simple: in the collector tubes, the coolant is heated and the heat exchange path passes through the drive. The water heated in the tank is supplied to the radiators of the heating system of the house, the heat-shift circuit of a warm floor or is used in hot water supply, for example, for a shower or washing dishes.
Today, the leader in the production and use of systems on alternative power sources is China. This country accounts for 78% of the global volume of the helose system. In the modern market, Chinese manufacturers offer solar collectors good quality And at economical prices. Since solar heating is designed for 25-30 years of operation, heat exchange panels are recommended to be purchased from proven manufacturers, and the installation of the system can be made independently.
Solar radiators are located on the roof surfaces or deepen into roofing facial side On the south. The area of \u200b\u200bpanels ranges from 2 to 8 m 2 and in one heating system there can be several tubes of elements. From the solar collector to the radiators of the heating system of the house and to the thermal battery through the roofing surface tubes are carried out. All joints must be sealed. The system is filled with the coolant and runs to work. An ideal tilt angle for the installation of the solar stove is 35 o, although many manufacturers recommend 15-20 o. Before independent installation It is advisable to consult a representative of the company. Fearing to break or poorly mounted expensive equipment because of small experience in such work, the installation of a solar collector is better to entrust professionals.
Describe elementary solar collector It is possible for a very short time and with minimal costs. How? Make a sunny furnace with your own hands: fixed on the southern roof slope shiny galvanized iron sheets and sets on them a barrel of 150-200 liters. The water supplied to it can warm up to 60 o C. The lack of such a design is that in the frosts the container will freeze, and water remain cold. And on a cloudy day, the barrel does not warm up to the desired temperature.
Another popular homemade is a sun oven made of refrigerator coil. The frame is made from the rails with the base of the rubber rug, covered with foil. Washed from the residues of Freon, a coil of clamps and bolts is fastened inside the frame. Through in advance drilled holes It connects pipes with accumulative capacityhaving an outlet for feeding the heated water. The frame is tightly closed with glass, the water in the serpent is served as a self-shot.
Such simple designs Usually used by dackets to obtain a small amount of hot water.
Calculations conducted by scientists Russian Academy Sciences show that in the middle lane of Russia on 1 m 2 The sun radiates from 100 to 250 W energy and up to 1000 W at noon of a clear day. These calculations argue that the solar collector with an area of \u200b\u200b2 m 2 daily can warm up 100 liters of water to a temperature of 45-55 o C, but not lower than 37 o C.
Safe, fully automated and eco-friendly heating system of the country house does not require additional costs of an energy source or repair or maintenance for several decades. All that is required by the user is to periodically clean the surface of the collectors from dust, dirt and snow.
There are several such structures in the world there are several. Let's start with SOLAR FURNACE IN FRANCE, Ie from France.
The sun oven in France is designed to produce and concentrate high temperatures necessary for various processes.
This is carried out by trapping solar rays and concentrating their energy in one place. The construction is covered with curved mirrors, their radiance is so great that it is impossible to look at them, before pain in the eyes. In 1970, this construction was erected as the most suitable place Eastern Pyrenees were chosen. And until today, the oven remains the largest worldwide.
Photo 2. 
The mirror array is assigned the functions of a parabolic reflector, and high temperature mode In the focus itself can reach up to 3,500 degrees. Moreover, the temperature can be adjusted by changing the tilt angles of the mirrors.
Sunbake using such a natural resource as sunlight is considered an indispensable way to obtain high temperatures. And they, in turn, are used for a variety of processes. Thus, hydrogen production requires a temperature of 1400 degrees. Test modes of materials conducted in high temperature conditions provide a temperature of 2500 degrees. So the spacecraft and atomic reactors are tested.
Photo 3. 
So the solar oven is not just an amazing building, but also the vital and efficient, while it is considered an environmentally friendly and relatively cheap way to get high temperatures.
An array of mirrors acts as a parabolic reflector. Light focuses in one center. And the temperature there can reach temperatures in which steel can be melted.
But the temperature can be adjusted by installing mirrors at different angles.
For example, a temperature of about 1400 degrees is used to produce hydrogen. The temperature is 2500 degrees - for testing materials in extreme conditions. For example, atomic reactors and spacecraft are checked. But the temperature of up to 3500 degrees is used for the manufacture of nanomaterials.
Solar oven is an inexpensive, efficient and eco-friendly method of obtaining high temperatures.
Photo 5. 
In the south-west of France, grapes are wonderful and mature all sorts of fruits - hot! Among other things, the sun shines here a little bit of 300 days a year, and in terms of the number of clear days these places are inferior, perhaps only the Cote d'Azur. If you characterize the valley about it in terms of physics, then the power of light radiation here is 800 watts per 1 square meter. Eight powerful incandescent bulbs. Little? Enough so that a piece of basalt is spreaded by a puddle!
Photo 6. 
- Solar oven in Odeo has a capacity of 1 megawatt, and for this it is necessary for almost 3 thousand meters of the mirror surface, - Schoochin says Serge, Local Museum of Solar Energy. - Moreover, to collect light from such a large surface is needed in a focal point with a diameter with a dining room.
Photo 7. 
Opposite the parabolic mirrors, heliostats are installed - special mirror plates. Their 63 pieces with 180 sections. Every heliostat has its own "point of responsibility" - the parabola sector, which reflects the collected light. Already on a concave mirror, the rays of the sun are going to the focus point - the very furnace. Depending on the intensity of radiation (read - the clarity of the sky, the time of day and pores of the year), the temperature can be achieved in a different one. In theory - up to 3,800 degrees Celsius, in reality up to 3600.
Photo 8. 
- along with the movement of the Sun in the sky moves and heliostats, - Starts his excursion Serge Sovovin. - From behind, each installed the engine, and all together they are managed centrally. It is not necessary to install them in the perfect position - depending on the tasks of the laboratory, the degree at the focus point can be varied.
Photo 9. 
The sun oven in Odeo began to build in the early 60s, and in the system were introduced already in the 70s. For a long time, she remained the only one in its kind on the planet, however, in 1987, a copy was erected near Tashkent. Serge Shovin smiles: "Yes, yes, it is a copy."
Soviet oven, by the way, also remains acting. True, not only experiments are carried out, but also perform some practical tasks. True, the location of the furnace does not allow to achieve the same high temperatures as in France - at the focus point, Uzbek scientists manage to get less than 3000 degrees.
A parabolic mirror consists of 9,000 plates - Facets. Each of them is polished, has an aluminum spraying and slightly concave for better focus. After building the building of the furnace, all the Fatsiers were installed and calibrated manually - it took three years!
Serge Schovin leads us to the site not far from the building of the furnace. Together with us, a group of tourists who arrived in Odeo by bus - the stream of fans of scientific exotic does not dry. The museum caretaker gathered to clearly demonstrate the hidden potential of solar energy.
- Madame and Monsieur, your attention! - Serge, though it looks like a scientist, more like an actor. - The light emitted by our star allows you to instantly heat the materials, ignite and melting them.
Photo 10. 
Photo 4. 
An employee of the solar furnace raises the usual branch and places it in a large chamber with a mirror inner surface. Serge Schovina leaves a few seconds to find the focus point, and the stick instantly flashes. Wonders!
So far, the French grandmothers and grandfathers are yelling and hurt, the museum moves to a separate heliostat and moves it exactly so that the reflected rays fall into a reduced copy of the parabolic mirror installed immediately. This is another visual experiment showing the possibilities of the sun.
- Madame and Monsieur, now we will melt the metal!
Serge Shotin sets a piece of iron into the holder, moves with vice in the search for the focus point and, finding it, is moving away for a short distance.
The sun quickly makes its business.
A piece of iron is instantly heated, it begins to smoke and even to spoke, succumbing to the hot rays. Literally in 10-15 seconds, a hole is burning in the size of a coin in 10 eurocents.
- Voila! - Refect Serge.
While we return to the museum building, and French tourists are seated in the cinema for watching a scientific film about the work of the solar furnace and the laboratory, the caretaker tells us curious things.
- most often people ask why all this is needed, - Hands with hands Serge Shovin. - From the point of view of science, the possibility of solar energy is studied, are applied wherever possible in everyday life. But there are tasks that, on their scale and the complexity of execution, require installations like this. For example, how do we simulate the effect of the sun on the spacecraft's trim? Or heating the descent capsule returning from the orbit to the Earth?
In a special refractory capacity installed at the focus point of a solar furnace, you can recreate such, without exaggeration, unearthly conditions. It is estimated, for example, that the element of the trim must withstand a temperature of 2500 degrees Celsius - and experimentally can be checked here in Odeo.
The caretaker leads us according to the museum, where various exhibits are installed - participants in numerous experiments conducted in the furnace. Our attention attracts the brake carbon disk ...
- Oh, this thing from the wheel of the Formula 1 car, - nods serge. - Its heating in some conditions comparable to what we can reproduce in the laboratory.
As mentioned above, the temperature at the focus point can be controlled using heliostats. Depending on the experiments, it varies from 1400 to 3,500 degrees. The lower limit is necessary for the production of hydrogen in the laboratory, the range from 2200 to 3000 - for testing different materials In the conditions of extreme heating. Finally, above 3000 - area of \u200b\u200bwork with nanomaterials, ceramics and the creation of new materials.
- the oven in Odeo does not perform practical tasks, - continues Serge Shovkin. - Unlike Uzbek colleagues, we are not dependent on our own business and are engaged exclusively by science. Among our customers are not only scientists, but also a variety of departments, such as defense.
We just stop at the ceramic capsule, which turns out to be the hull of the drone ship.
- Military Ministry built a sunny furnace of a smaller diameter for its own practical needs here, in the valley in Odeo, - says Serge. - It can be seen from some parts of the mountain road. But for scientific experiments, they still turn to us.
The caretaker explains what the advantage of solar energy before any other during the implementation of scientific tasks.
- First, the sun shines for free, - he fits his fingers. - Secondly, the mountain air contributes to the conduct of experiments in the "pure" form - without impurities. Thirdly, the sunlight allows you to heat the materials much faster than any other installations - for some experiments it is extremely important.
It is curious that the furnace can work practically round year. According to Serge Schovina, the optimal month for the experiments is April.
- But if necessary, a piece of metal for tourists Sun melts at least in January,- Smiling caretaker. - The main thing is that the sky is clear and cloudless.
One of the indisputable advantages of the very existence of this unique laboratory is its full openness for tourists. Every year it comes to 80 thousand people here, and it does to popularize science among adults and children much more than a school or university.
Romoy-Odeo - Typical pastoral french town. Its main difference from thousands of the same is the coexistence of the sacrament of household life and science. Against the background of the 54-meter mirror parabola - mountain dairy cows. And constant hot sun.
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We now turn to another building.
In forty-five kilometers from Tashkent, in Parkent district, in the foothills of Tien Shan at an altitude of 1050 meters above sea level, there is a unique construction - the so-called large solar oven (BSP) with a power of a thousand kilowatt. It is located on the territory of the Institute of Materials Science NGO "Physics-Sun" of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. There are only two such furnaces in the world in France.
BSP was put into operation even under alliance in 1987, "Candidate of Technical Sciences Mirzasultan Mamakasyov says, says the scientific secretary of the Institute of Materials Science. - To preserve this unique object from the state budget, sufficient funds are allocated. Two laboratories of the institute are located, four - in Tashkent, where the main scientific base is located on which the study of chemical and physical properties new materials. We also produce the process of their synthesis. We experiment with these materials, observing the process of smelting at different temperatures.
BSP is a complex optical-mechanical complex with automatic systems Control. The complex consists of a heliostat field located on the slope of the mountain and the guide of the solar rays into a paraboloid hub, which is a giant concave mirror. The focus of this mirror creates the highest temperature - 3000 degrees Celsius!
Photo 15. 
The heli-static field consists of sixty two heliostats located in a checker order. They provide a mirror surface of the concentrator with a light flow in the mode of continuous tracking of the Sun throughout the day. Each helicostat is seven and a half for six and a half meters, consisting of 195 flat mirror elements called "Facetami". The reflecting area of \u200b\u200bthe heliobate field is 3022 square meters.
The hub, on which heliostats direct the sun rays, is a cyclopic structure with a height of forty-five meters and a width of fifty four meters.
Photo 16. 
It should be noted that the advantage of solar furnaces, compared with the furnaces of other types, is an instant achievement. high temperaturesallowing you to get clean materials without impurities (thanks also to the purity of the mountain air). They are used for oil and gas, textile, and a number of other industries.
Mirrors have a certain period of operation and sooner or later fail. In our workshops, we make new mirrors, which are installed in return for older. They are only in a concentrator 10700, and in heliostats 12090 pieces. The process of making mirrors occurs in vacuum installations, where aluminum is sprayed on the surface of the spent mirrors.
Photo 17. 
Fergana.ru: - How do you solve the problem of finding specialists, because after the collapse of the Union there was their outflow abroad?
Mirzasultan Mamakasyov: - At the time of starting the installation in 1987, experts from Russia, Ukraine, who trained ours worked here. Thanks to our experience, we now have the opportunity to prepare specialists in this area on their own. Young people comes to us from the Faculty of Faculty of National University of Uzbekistan. I myself work here since 1991 after graduation.
Fergana.ru: - When you look at this a grand construction, on openwork metal structures, as if soaring in the air and at the same time supporting the "armor" of the hub, the frames of scientific fiction films pop up in memory ...
Mirzasultan Mamakasyov: "Well, on my age to shoot science fiction, using these unique" scenery ", here no one has tried. True, the stars of Uzbek grades came to shoot their clips.
Photo 18. 
Mirzasultan Mamakasyov: - Today we will melt briquettes compressed from the powdered aluminum oxide, the melting point of which is 2500 degrees Celsius. In the process of smelting, the material flows from the inclined plane and dripping into a special pallet where the granules are formed. They are sent to the ceramic workshop located near BSP, where they are crushed and used for the manufacture of various ceramic products, ranging from small filamentons for the textile industry and ending with hollow ceramic balls, externally resembling billiards. Balls are used in the oil and gas industry as floats. At the same time, from the surface of petroleum products stored in large tanks on the refuses, evaporation decreases by 15-20 percent. In recent years, we have made about six hundred thousand such floats.
Photo 19. 
For the electrical industry, we manufacture insulators and other products. They are distinguished by increased wear resistance and durability. In addition to aluminum oxide, we also use a more refractory material - zirconium oxide with a melting point of 2700 degrees Celsius.
The control over the process of smelting is carried out by the so-called "system of technical vision", which is equipped with two special television chambers. One of them directly transmits the image to a separate monitor, the other is on the computer. The system allows both to observe the process of smelting and conduct various measurements.
Photo 20. 
It should be added that the BSP is used and as a universal astrophysical instrument, which opens up the possibilities of conducting the Star Sky Research at night.
In addition to the above work at the Institute, great attention is paid to the manufacture of medical equipment based on functional ceramics (sterilizers), abrasive tools, dryers and many other things. Such equipment has been successfully implemented in the medical institutions of our republic, as well as similar institutions of Malaysia, Germany, Georgia and Russia.
In parallel, solar installations were developed at the Institute low power. So, for example, scientists of the institute created a sun-and-a half kilowatt solar furnaces, which were established on the territory of the Tabbin Institute of Metallurgy (Egypt) and in the International Metallurgical Center in Hyderabad (India).
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sources
http://englishrussia.com/2012/01/25/the-solar-furnace-of-uzbekistan/3/
http://www.epochtimes.ru/content/View/77005/69/
http://victorprofessor.livejournal.com/profile.
http://loveopium.ru/rekordy-i-rejtingi/solnechnaya-pech.html.
http://tech.onliner.by/2012/07/09/reportage.
http://www.fergananews.com/article.php?id\u003d4570
But still on this topic . Of course remember even about . Oh yeah, but you know The original article is on the site Inforos Link to an article with which this copy is made -
