Here are the topics such as: the maximum length of the water heat circuit, the location of the pipes, optimal calculations, as well as the number of contours with one pump and whether two are identical.
Seven times the folk wisdom calls. And you can't argue with it.
In practice, to embody what has repeatedly scrolled in the head, not easy.
In this article we will talk about the work related to the communications of warm water floors, in particular, pay attention to the length of its contour.
If we plan to install a water warm floor, the contour length is one of the first questions that need to be dealt with.
The warm floor system includes a considerable list of elements. We are interested in the tubes. It is their length and determines the concept of "maximum warm water floor length". Stop them must be given to the features of the room.
Based on this, we get four options known as:
To do proper laying, each of the listed types will be effective for the heating of the room. Miscellaneous may be (and, most likely, there will be) Metage pipe and volume of water. From this will depend on the maximum length of the water heat circuit for a particular room.
There are no focus here, on the contrary - everything is quite simple. For example, we chose a snake version. We will use a number of indicators, among which are the length of the water heat circuit. Other parameter - diameter. Preferably use pipes with a diameter of 2 cm.
Consider the distance from the pipes to the wall. It is recommended to fit in the range of 20-30 cm, but it is better to place pipes clearly at a distance of 20 cm.
The distance between the tanks is 30 cm. The width of the pipe itself is 3 cm. In practice, we obtain the distance between them in 27 cm.
We now turn to the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
This indicator will be decisive for such a parameter of warm water floor, as the contour length:
Our indicators now make it possible to calculate the length of the pipeline: 15x3,4 \u003d 51 m. Fully contour will take 56 m, since we should consider and the length of the so-called. The collector site, which is 5 m.
The length of the pipes of the entire system should fit into the allowable range - 40-100 m.
One of the following questions: What is the maximum length of the water warm floor loop? What if the room requires, for example, 130, or 140-150 m pipes? The output is very simple: it will be necessary to make more than one contour.
In the work of the water heating floor system, the main thing is effective. If we need 160 m pipes on the calculations, then we make two contours of 80 m. After all optimal length The water heat circuit should not exceed this indicator. This is associated with the possibility of equipment to create the necessary pressure and circulation in the system.
It is not necessary to make two pipelines completely equal, but it is also not desirable that the difference is tangible. Experts believe that the difference can be quite achieving 15 m.
To determine this parameter, we must consider:
The listed parameters are determined primarily by the diameter of the used pipes for warm water floors, the volume of the coolant (per unit of time).
In the installation of a warm floor there is a concept - the effect of the so-called. locked loop. We are talking about the situation when the circulation on the loop will not be possible regardless of the power of the pump. This effect is inherent in a pressure loss situation calculated by 0.2 bar (20 kPa).
In order not to confuse you with long calculations, write several recommendations verified by practice:
Thus, the maximum length of the pipe for warm water depends on a number of parameters, the main of which is the diameter and the pipe material.
Naturally, the ideal will look like the situation when the loops have the same length. In this case, no settings will be needed, searching for balance. But it is more in theory. If you take a look at practice, it turns out that in the warm water floor it is not even appropriate to achieve such an equilibrium.
The fact is that it is often necessary to lay a warm floor at an object consisting of several rooms. One of them is emphasized small, for example - a bathroom. Its area is 4-5 m2. In this case, there is a reasonable question - is it worth it to adjust the entire area under the bathroom, fractioning it on tiny sites?
Since it is not advisable, we approach another question: how not to lose pressure. And for this, elements such as balancing fittings are created, the use of which is the equalization of pressure loss in contours.
Again, you can use calculations. But they are complicated. From the practice of working on a warm water floor, we can safely say that the spread of contours is possible in the range of 30-40%. In this case, we have every chance to get the maximum effect of the operation of warm water floor.
Despite the considerable amount of materials on how to make the water floor alone, it will be better to contact the specialists. Only masters can evaluate the working plot and, if necessary, "manipulate" the diameter of the pipe, "cut" the area and combine the laying step when it comes to large areas.
Another often the result is: how many contours can work on one mixing node and one pump?
The question is, in fact, it is necessary to specify. For example, to a level - how many loops can be connected to the collector? In this case, we take into account the diameter of the collector, the volume of the coolant passing through the node per unit of time (the calculation goes to m3 per hour).
We need to take a look at the serviceport of the node, where the maximum bandwidth coefficient is indicated. If we carry out the calculations, then we will get the maximum indicator, but it is impossible to count on it.
One way or another, the device indicates the maximum number of connectivity - as a rule, 12. Although, according to calculations, we can get 15, and 17.
The maximum number of output in the collector does not exceed 12. Although there are exceptions.
We saw that the installation of warm water floors is a very troublesome business. Especially in that part of it, where it is about the length of the contour. Therefore, it is better to contact the specialists in order not to redo it, then not quite successful stacking that will not bring the effectiveness that you expected.
Today, the "Warm Paul" system is very popular among the owners of apartments and private houses. The vast majority of those who have heating systemOr has already made the installation of a similar design in his housing, or thinks about it. They are particularly relevant in homes where there are small children who crawl and can be molting without appropriate heating. These designs are much more economical than other heating systems. In addition, they are better interacting with the human body, because unlike electrical option Do not create magnetic streams. Among their positive qualities, fire safety and high efficiency should be noted. In this case, the heated air is evenly distributed throughout the space of the room.
The principle is that under the coating, the highways are paced, according to which the coolant circulates - as a rule, water, heating the surface of the floor and the room. This method is very effectively coping with heating, provided that the design is properly calculated and if its installation is performed correctly.
System mounting options
There are two principles by which the installation of warm water floor can be performed - the floor and concrete. In both embodiments, the insulation is used under the water floor circuit - it is necessary so that everything is warm up and heated housing. If the insulation does not use, there is also a space from below, which is completely unacceptable because it reduces the effect of heating. The insulation is made to use Penoplex or Penophol. Penoplex has excellent thermal insulating properties, pushes moisture and does not lose its properties in a humid environment. It has good resistance to compression loads, convenient in operation and inexpensive. The foam has a foil layer, which serves as a reflector of thermal radiation inside the apartment.
The first option lies in the fact that the contour is put on the flooring from the insulation - polystyrene foam, foam or other suitable material. Contour cover with top or other coating from above. Step-by-step process looks like this:
The second option looks like this:
Controlled temperature with two thermometers - One shows the temperature of the coolant entering the highway, the other is the temperature of the reverse stream. If the difference ranges from 5 to 10 degrees Celsius, it means that the design is working normally.
Methods of laying loose water floor circuit
When we carry out installation, the highway can be laying out in the following ways:
For spacious rooms, a simple geometric configuration is to apply the snail method. For rooms of small size complex shape, it is more convenient and more efficient to use the snake method.
These ways, of course, can be combined with each other.
Depending on the diameter of the highway and size of the room. The smaller the laying step, the better housing warms up with high quality, but on the other hand, then the costs of heating the coolant, materials and installation constraints increase significantly. The maximum step of step can be 30 centimeters, but it is impossible to exceed this value, otherwise the human foot will feel the temperature difference. Near the outer walls of the heat loss will be more, so the step laying the highway in these places should be less than in the middle.
Polypropylene or stitched polyethylene serves material for the manufacture of pipes. If you are using polypropylene pipesIt is worth choosing an option with fiberglass reinforcement, since polypropylene when heated has a tendency to expand. Polyethylene pipes When heated, they behave well and the reinforcement is not required.
Water floor loop length
The length of the water circuit of a warm floor is calculated by the formula:
L \u003d s \\ n * 1,1, where
L - Lenapeti,
S - Square of the heated room,
N - laying step length,
1.1 - Pipe reserve coefficient.
There is such a concept as the maximum water loop length - if we exceed it, the effect of the reverse loop may occur. This is a situation where the coolant stream is distributed in the highway in such a way that the pump of any power cannot lead it in motion. The maximum loop size directly depends on the diameter of the pipe. As a rule, it is within borders from 70 to 125 meters. Here plays a role and material from which the pipe is made.
The question arises - what if one outline of the maximum size is not able to warm the room? The answer is simple - we design a double-circuit floor.
Installation of a system where two-circuit design is used, no different from where one contour is used. If the two-circuit does not cope with the task, add the required amount of loops, how much it is possible to connect to the homemade collector for the warm floor from the polypropylene.
The question arises - how uninvatura in size may differ from the other in the design, where they are more than one. In theory, the installation of a warm water floor design assumes an equal distribution of the load and therefore it is desirable that the loop length is approximately the same. But this is not always possible, especially if one collector serves several rooms. For example, sizes in the bathroom will be explicitly less than in the living room. In this case, balancing fittings aligns the load on the contours. Size variation in such cases is allowed to 40 percent.
Installation of the design of warm water heating is allowed only in those areas of the room where there will be no overall furniture. This is due to an excessive load on it and so that in these areas it is impossible to provide the right heat transfer. This is a space called useful Square premises. Depending on this area, the number of design loops depends on the laying step.
Warm floor installation - what else needs to know
By installing a water heating system, a few more important things should be known.
Conclusion
Warm water heating systems are extremely convenient and efficient. Their installation is quite realistic to perform on its own. The correctness of the calculations, accuracy and care of all work, accounting for all features and trifles play a big role. After all the work, you can enjoy warm comforted and comfort of excellent heated room with a floor, which is so nice to walk barefoot.
The main argument in favor of the "Warm floor" system is an increased comfort of the person's stay indoors when as heating device Speakers the entire surface of the floor. The air indoors warm upwards, while at the floor surface it is somewhat warmer than at an altitude of 2-2.5 m.
In some cases (for example, when heating shopping complexes, pools, sports halls, hospitals), outdoor heating is most preferred.
For disadvantages of systems outdoor heating It is relatively high, compared with the radiator, the cost of equipment, as well as increased requirements for technical literacy of installers and the quality of their work. When using high-quality materials and compliance with the technology of installation of a competently designed system of water outdoor heating, problems occur during its subsequent operation.
To obtain the calculated temperature (as a rule, no higher than 55 ° C) and a given flow rate of the coolant in the "warm floors" circuit uses pump-mixing nodes. They form a separate circulating low-temperature outline, which mixes the hot heat carrier from the primary contour. The amount of sheltered coolant can be installed as manually (if the temperature and flow rate in the primary circuit is constant) and automatically using thermostators. Fully implement all the advantages of the "warm floor" allow pumping and mixing nodes with weather compensation, in which the temperature of the coolant supplied to the low-temperature circuit is adjusted depending on the outdoor temperature.
It depends on local legislation. For example, in Moscow, a heated flooring device from general water supply and heating systems is excluded from the list of permitted types of re-equipment (Resolution of the Government of Moscow No. 73-PP dated February 8, 2005). In a number of regions, interdepartmental commissions decisive the issue of approval on the installation of a "warm floor" system require additional examination and settlement confirmation that the "warm floor" device will not lead to a violation in the work of general engineering systems (see "Rules and norms technical exploitation Housing Fund ", p. 1.7.2).
From a technical point of view, the connection of the "warm floor" to the system of central heating is possible under the condition of the device of a separate pump mixing node With the restriction of the pressure returned to the housekeeper. In addition, if there is an individual thermal pointequipped with an elevator (inkjet pump), the use of plastic and metal-plastic pipes in heating systems is not allowed.
The best effect of the "warm floor" is felt when outdoor coatings from materials with a high thermal conductivity coefficient ( ceramic tile, concrete, bulk floors, homeless linoleum, laminate, etc.). In the case of the use of carpet, it must have a "suitability sign" for use on the warm base. Other synthetic coatings (linoleum, relin, laminated plates, plastic, PVV tile, etc.) must have a "sign of lack of" toxic discharge at elevated base temperature.
Parquet, parquet shields and boards can also be used as a "warm floor" coating, but the surface temperature should not exceed 26 ° C. In addition, a safety thermostat must be included in the mixing node. The moisture content of floor coating materials from natural wood should not exceed 9%. Work on the laying of parquet or handrails is allowed only at a room in a room not lower than 18 ° C and 40-50 percent humidity.
Requirements Snip 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" (clause 6.5.12) relative to the temperature of the "warm floor" surface are shown in the table. It should be noted that foreign regulations Adjust several high surface temperatures. This must be taken into account when using the calculated programs developed on their basis.
The length of one loop of the warm floor dictates the power of the pump. If we talk about polyethylene and metal-plastic pipesIt is economically advisable that the length of the pipe loop with an outer diameter of 16 mm does not exceed 100 m, and with a diameter of 20 mm - 120 m. It is also desirable that the hydraulic pressure losses in the loop do not exceed 20 kPa. An estimated area occupied by one loop, subject to these conditions is about 15 m2. For large Square Used collector systems, while it is desirable that the loop length attached to one collector was approximately the same.
The thickness of thermal insulation that limits the heat loss from the heating floor pipes in the direction of "down" should be determined by the calculation and largely depends on the air temperature in the calculated room and the temperature in the underlying room (or soil). In most Western calculated heat loss programs "down" are accepted in the amount of 10% of the total heat flux. If the air temperature in the estimated and the underlying room is the same, then this relation satisfies the polystyrene layer with a thickness of 25 mm with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.035 W / (MOC).
Pipes for a warm floor device must have the following properties: flexibility allowing to curb the pipe with a minimum radius to ensure the required laying step; ability to maintain a form; low resistance coefficient of heat carrier movement to reduce the power of pumping equipment; durability and corrosion resistance, since access to pipes during operation is difficult; oxygen-resistant (like any pipeline heating system). In addition, the pipe should be easily processed by a simple tool and have an acceptable price.
The "warm floor" systems from polyethylene (PEX-EVOH-PEX), metal-plastic and copper pipes obtained the greatest distribution. Polyethylene pipes are less convenient in operation, since they do not preserve the attached shape, and when heated, strive to straighten ("memory effect"). Copper pipes when depressing in the screed must have a coating polymer layer to avoid an alkaline effect, and this material is quite expensive. The most fully satisfied with the requirements of metalplastic pipes.
The use of a plasticizer allows you to make a screed more dense, without air inclusions, which significantly reduces thermal losses and increases the strength of the screed. However, not all plasticizers are suitable for this purpose: most of the construction used in construction are air-dye, and their use, on the contrary, will lead to a decrease in the strength and thermal conductivity of the screed. Special inhaughti plasticizers based on fine flakes of mineral materials with a low coefficient of friction are produced for systems "Warm floor" systems based on finely dispersed scales of mineral materials with low friction coefficient. As a rule, the consumption of the plasticizer is 3-5 l / m3 solution.
In cases where the pipes are installed in the air layer (for example, in lagham floors), the thermal insulation foil allows you to reflect most directed down the radiant heat flux, thereby increasing the efficiency of the system. The same role in the device of the passing (gas or foam concrete) screeds play foil.
When the screed is made of a dense cement-sand mixture, the foils of thermal insulation can be justified only as an additional waterproofing - the reflecting properties of the foil can not show themselves due to the lack of the border "air - a solid body". It should be borne in mind that the aluminum foil layer, filled cement mortarmust necessarily have a protective coating of a polymer film. Otherwise, aluminum can be collapsed under the influence of a high-grade solution medium (pH \u003d 12.4).
The causes of the appearance of cracks in the "Heat-Half Paul" screed can be the low strength of the insulation, poor-quality sealing of the mixture when laying, the absence in a mixture of plasticizer, too thick screed (shrinking cracks). The following rules should be followed: the density of the insulation (polystyrene foam) under the tie must be at least 40 kg / m3; The screed solution must be prefigured (plastic), the use of a plasticizer is required; In order to avoid the appearance of shrinkage cracks into the solution, add polypropylene fiber at the rate of 1-2 kg fibra per 1 m3 solution. For power loaded floors, steel fiber is used.
If the architectural and construction part of the project does not provide a vapor barrier device, then with the "wet method" of the heat-insulated floor system, it is recommended to lay the pergamine layer on the aligned overlap. This will help to prevent leakage through the overlap of cement milk during the pouring of the screed. If the project provides internet vapor barrier, then not necessarily arrange waterproofing. Waterproofing in wet rooms (bathrooms, bathrooms, showers) are arranged in the usual order on top of a "warm floor" screed.
For premises from the side of less than 10 m, it is enough to use seams with a thickness of 5 mm. For other rooms, the seam calculation is carried out according to the formula: B \u003d 0.55 o L, where b is the seam thickness, mm; L is the room, m.
The loop step is determined by the calculation. It should be borne in mind that the step of the loops of less than 80 mm is difficult to implement in practice due to the small radius of the pipe bending, and the step more than 250 mm is not recommended, since it leads to a tangible uneven warming up of "warm sex". To facilitate the task of choosing a step loop, you can use the table below.
To answer this question in each specific case, it is necessary to produce a heat engineering calculation. On the one hand, the maximum specific thermal flow from the "warm floor" is about 70 W / m2 at an indoor temperature of 20 ° C. This is enough to compensate for thermal losses through the enclosing structures, made in accordance with thermal protection standards.
On the other hand, if we take into account the costs of heat to heat the outer air required by sanitary standards (3 m3 / h per 1 m2 of the dwelling), then the power of the "warm floor" system may be insufficient. In such cases, the use of edge zones with increased surface temperature along the outer walls, as well as the use of sections of the "warm walls" are recommended.
The screed should have enough strength to acquire sufficient strength. After three days, in natural conditions of hardening (without heating), it dials 50% of strength, in a week - 70%. A complete set of strength to the design grade occurs after 28 days. Based on this, launch the "warm floor" is recommended no earlier than through three days after fill. It should also be remembered that the fill with a solution of the "warm floor" system is produced when water filled with water under pressure 3 bar floor pipelines.
