How to repair repair brick oven do it yourself? The question is always relevant, because problems with the stove arise sooner or later. And spend money on expensive cookies, among which the units of professionals do not want.
Urgent repairs are necessary if the door appeared at the door, the smoke and the smell appeared, there is no minimum thrust or in brick masonry The slots of different sizes were formed.
All malfunctions due to which the repair of the stove is required in the house in the country are related to temperature regime. Bricks and metal are becoming more when heated, and when the furnace cools, come to its original position. If the stove is daily or vice versa, it is extremely rarely used, the materials cannot withstand the loads. It becomes inevitable the presence of cracks or clogging of the chimney.
In addition to the temperature load, there are other reasons for the emergence of problems:
1. Burning coniferous trees. Spruce and pine leave many non-burning sawdust. They rise in and clog it.
Coniferous trees for use in the oven
2. Burning garbage. Since the furnace is not intended for this, plastic and other materials contribute to the formation of cracks.
Burning garbage 3. Bad sealing. If it was used poorly, over time, he can simply disappear, opening the slots between the bricks.
Sealing seams with mortar 4. A huge amount of fuel. Desire to warm up as quickly as possible, the stove often leads to the fact that too many firewood is put on it. Outcome - slots of different sizes.
5. Brick in chimney. Sometimes fragments fall into the chimney or even whole bricks. If this happens, partially or completely disappears.
6. Problems in brickwork. Perhaps the furnace was originally assembled on an ambulance hand. Then the overhaul is required.
Also faults arise due to external factors. Since the chimney is on the street, it affects it weather. Occasionally poultry flew into it. It is almost impossible to predict these moments.
First of all, you need to clean the oven in the house. This is the easiest thing that can be done with your own hands. Cleaning is performed through a special door.
If you don't want to go to the stove with your own hands in the country, we burn dry fuel or piece of rubber. The material will burn for a long time, thereby "knocking out" flowing blocks formed.
Professional chimney cleaning You can also fall asleep in the burning stove of 200 grams of large salt. Immediately close the barrier, otherwise you can get a burn (suit "jumps out"). Thanks to a simple primary tool, soot will fly through the chimney.
If everything is too bad, you will have to "knock out" a block with a stick with any heavy item at the end. Vomor is deleted personally. However, they will have to feel like Carlson who lives on the roof.
Next, we make the repair of the "smoking" stove. All the gaps need to be smeared with a solution. For this purpose, different ingredients are used. One of best ways - Mix clay, sand, crushed asbestos and salt. Clay and sand should be more twice. Instead of asbestos and salts, cement can also be used, but in other proportions - 1: 1: 1.
Any solution should be medium viscosity to continue not to cause inconvenience. As an option, you can use ready-made solutions that are sold in stores. They are diluted with water according to the instructions, and are immediately ready for use. With them, the repair of the stove is produced faster and easier.
If the brick fell or burned, you need to put a new one in his place. To do this, clean this place, wet the water and put a piece of clay prepared in advance.
The new brick is perching into the water, after which it is copiously coating with a clay solution on all parties. We put it in brickwork and heat the furnace so that the solution is frozen. Use the same solution as for lubricating the slots.
We make the repair of medium difficulty, installing grate and replacing the lining. This can also include minor repair work on brickwork.
Note: When replacing grate, it is important to provide a temperature seam of 3-5 mm between them and masonry. The resulting seam is preferably filled with sand.
To strengthen the slanting door, you need to disassemble bricks around it and put it again using steel wire.
Foremost sheets are not repaired, they immediately change. For this, the old sheet is removed, nails are removed from it. Next, a piece of felt is soaked in a liquid clay solution and put down under the bottom, and a new sheet is nourished from above.
Tips for implementation independent repair stove
Old and new laying when replacing the lining are made of one brick to maintain the same source coefficient. This is one of important moments When repairing the stoves in the house at the cottage.
Overhaul of the brick furnace involves the repair of chimney and solid repair of the stove. It is implied to the complete restoration of working capacity, replacement of broomage parts and the creation of new, improved. It is difficult to do this, but perhaps.
For this, a number of events are made:
If you have not been repaired earlier, you may have to fulfill all the steps again. Therefore, the last item is obligatory. Please note that the most difficult work is the installation of brickwork. Often the repair of the stove is long worth it at this stage.
You can repair any malfunction with your own hands. It is worth pre-prepare for this brick, double-sided hammer, plumb, roulette, level, trunk, bucket and components of the solution.
Note: To check the presence of thrust, adjust the match or paper and direct into the chimney. In the presence of traction, the flames are coming up.
All about the chimney
The stove requires the prophylactic cleaning of the chimney, which is made approximately once a month by any of the above methods.
Remake one type of furnace to another different ways. To make the gas stove, the walls of the fuel can be laid out with a brick on a refractory solution. There are small slopes around, so that the coal during the firebox rolled down.
Repairing the stoves in the country or in the house is a responsible case with which a real man can cope. To repair the stove with your own hands is quite difficult, but if you follow the prompts, everything will turn out.
Sooner or later, the owners of summer and private houses have to solve the task - how to smell the stove? The heater failed rushes a threat to life and health inhabitants at home. It is no coincidence of the rules fire safety It is prohibited to operate a faulty furnace. The work of the Master of the Pechska is not cheap. However, if necessary, repair the "heart of the house" can be independently.
The furnace can fail for various reasons. It is sometimes easier not to smear emerging defects, but re-shifting the furnace. However, such cardinal measures are rarely required. As a rule, the main causes of the emergency state are shrinkage, poor-quality materials and errors made by the lays down of the hearth.
Heat supply systems require regular maintenance. According to the standp stands heating devices At the cottage you need to examine twice a year. And in a private house at least once a quarter. Unfortunately, most of the homeowners are neglected by these requirements.
The main danger to the tenants of the house is not the collapsed focus, but the gap appeared in it. An explanation of a simple - obvious emergency oven no one will heat up, but the cracks can not always be noted on time. Curly smoke, leaning through them, is a serious danger for the inhabitants of the house. According to the statistics provided by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, during a fire, 70% of people die of smoke, and from those who survived 42% fall into the hospital with carbon monoxide poisoning.
Therefore, on time, the repair carried out is the security deposit of your family. Most of the Masters and Pechnikas are on the question: "What to smell the oven so that it does not crack from the heat?", Advise to use clay. However, there is a nuance. There are several types of mixtures and almost every one uses clay.
Clay is the main component in the manufacture of masonry stoves. This is explained by her unique quality - When heated, it turns into a stone. The clay solution withstands high temperatures and ensures the reliability of the entire structure. But other ingredients are applied to manufacture. Clay is divided into two types: dry and fat. When heated, the first crumble, and the second cracks and dries.
Note that the ratio of the components of the solution will always be different. Each time the proportions are determined by experiments. After all, in nature there is never two absolutely identical rocks. For each solution depending on the fatty clay perfect combination Ingredients will change.
The quality of the breed is defined as follows. It is necessary to roll a clay cord with a thickness of 1 cm and a length of 20 cm, after which they wrap the wooden blank with a diameter of 5 cm. The harness from normal clay is gradually stretched and when its thickness decreases by more than 70% of the initial volume, it turns out.
The most common is the mixture of clay and sand. It is in demand when laying, finishing and repairing the hearth.
The name "clay and sandy solution" says for itself. It includes sand, clay and water. Oddly enough, problems may occur even with water - it should not contain mineral salts and yals. Otherwise, even the whitewashes will save from the protruding salt spots. At the beginning of the XX century, the wizard, kneading the solution, used rainwater. However, not only water needs cleaning.
Sand, which is used to prepare a solution, is pre-sieved through a sieve. This allows you to clean it from gravel, herbs and roots, which makes a masonry seam thin and neat. Before mixing the molding of the solution, the clay should be soaked in warm water for 12 hours.
The phased production of the mixture is as follows:
Despite the low cost of the components, such a clay-sandy solution confidently competes with modern construction grouts and adhesives.
Often, when construction and repairing brick furnaces is used chammed clay. After heat treatment, this breed receives additional properties. For the manufacture of the chamot, the kaolin clay is used. In the process of heat treatment (+1500 degrees) it turned into a stone. The resulting stone powder is added to the solution in the repair or construction of the furnace.
Chamotte clay differs from similar materials by the following advantages:
In addition, chamotte clay is safe for human health and will provide a long life of the focus. Unfortunately, it was not without negative qualities.
In nature, Shamot is not found, and the kaolin clay, which lies in its basis, is quite rare material. It is not surprising that the main drawback of such a material is the price. The second nuance - Shamot tolerate the wet atmosphere. Therefore, in order to highlight the oven qualitatively, you need to use other materials (cement, career sand).
The finishing mixture of the focus for repairing the focus is created in the following proportions: 7 parts of sand, 1 cement and 2 clays. The amount of water is selected individually. The proportions may change slightly, but it is this combination that is considered the best.
The solution from the chamot will be reliable if it is performed to comply with a certain regulation: first to divert cement to the state of thick milk, then add other components.
Previously, refractory clay before work was soaked in water for three days - it was attached to her plasticity. Products of modern manufacturers do not require so long preparation. The solution can be kneaded immediately after the last component is covered in the container. Rough kneading is done with the help of improvised tools (shovel, chippet, etc.). But complete the mixing mixture is better manually. The solution in this case will be better - after all, you will feel even the smallest lumps.
Of course, deny the advantages of traditional solutions is stupid, but sometimes ovens require operational repairs. For example, the scheduled celebration on winter Dacha It may be under threat due to a faulty furnace. It will be difficult to get claine in this case. Of course, shops sell chamotte mixtures round yearBut they cannot be used immediately after purchase. And what can be smeared a home or country center except for clay based solutions?
One option is a heat-resistant glue, designed to work with fireplaces and furnaces. Such glue is for sale in the form of a dry mix or immediately ready to work. However, if there is a big front of work, it is better to use dry glue, since the liquid mixture dries quickly.
The main components of heat-resistant mixtures are all the same shaft, cement, sand, synthetic and mineral supplements. Depending on the type of glue, one or another element prevails in it. After all, each of them is responsible for a specific characteristic. For example, cement is responsible for strength, synthetic additives increase the plasticity and moisture resistance, and the chapel heat resistance. Therefore, planning the repair of the furnace with the help of heat-resistant glue, pay attention to its composition.
In fact, after independent manufacture The solution itself is unlikely to cause many difficulties:
The furnace will be ready for use only after the solution is driving. By the way, in this homemade solutions Losing the heat-resistant glue - it dries 30 minutes after which you can start to the extract.
The work itself with heat-resumed mixtures almost completely repeats the work with clay solutions. The only difference is after sealing cracks, the oven is not placed, but is trimmed with solid adhesive heat-resumed mixtures.
Brick furnaces with time need repairs. Cracks may occur with long exploitation, or due to errors in its construction. It is not always possible to make a complete reconstruction, and often there is no need for it. Timely repair of a brick oven solves the problem for several heating seasons forward.
You can invite a specialist or close the cracks in the stove yourself.
Temperature expansion in brick furnaces often leads to a split in places of joints with steel structures. Promote their appearance and local overheating, and sometimes - errors in the construction of the furnace. It happens that the solution is not poured, smoke does not go out, but it is still necessary to close the slots. No one will guarantee that at some point it cannot be shattered smoke. And when smoking the stove, it is not only unpleasant in the room, but also unsafe. Maintenance Brick ovens will save money to carry out a large-scale reconstruction of the heating structure in the future.
It is easiest to close small defects, up to 0.5 cm. To answer the question than to livel the slots in the stove, you need to pay attention to the mixture from the category, which is usually used when laying the furnaces: only clay and sand, or clay and sand with adding cement.
There are many options for finished solutions. These are attached detailed instructions and manufacturers recommendations. Experienced cooks Question than to livel cracks in a brick oven, solve simply: you need to use the same solution when repairing as under masonry. But most often the composition is unknown, as it is usually necessary to repair old structures.
If the splits are deeper and wide, then chopped shallow and alumina (aluminate) cement are added to the solution for repairing a brick furnace. This cement solidens very quickly, the raw material for its preparation is limestone and rocks containing aluminum oxides. Grid shallow shame will give a solution thermal and chemical resistance. A thin pumping additive for laying furnace structures will solve the problem if it is not possible to find an alumina cement, and portland cement is used instead. Grinding shaft plays the role of a "reinforcing grid", thereby prevents the appearance of fresh cracks.
When the solution is ready, you can proceed to the disposal of defects.
The steps of repairing the slots are as follows:
Further intimation is possible only after complete drying of the solution. But it is necessary to make this maximum half of the fuel bookmark. After the fuel will freeze in the "lightweight" mode, you can make the oven as usual.
ATTENTION: The gaps in brickwork are better not easy to lure the solution, but after having paved their asbestos cord. When working with asbestos, you need to use a protective mask.
Thus, to learn how to repair a brick oven with your own hands, you need to learn the procedure and composition of the solution.
Most often, the furnace is damaged when it is posted from ordinary red brick, and not chamotte. Brick is stratified and falls off with plates. How to repair a brick oven in this case? Red brick makes no sense to lure and reinforce, it is still from high temperatures crumble. Since it is impossible to reduce the temperature of the temperature in the furnace, it is necessary to make an additional lining to reduce the effects of temperature on the walls.
The internal covering of the furnace is performed using the following materials:
ATTENTION: Vermiculitic plates and superimis are not used frequently. But they justify themselves in cases when you do not want to reduce the size of the furnace. The only task that will have to be solved when repairing the furnace furnace is to organize the fastening of these fire-resistant panels.
Metal and brick have a different extension when heated, and this leads to the slots. So that this does not happen, the live shops make special recesses in bricks during the construction of the furnace. Steel or cast iron elements are paved heat insulating materials (asbestos cord, asbokarton, or cardboard from mineral wool). The heat insulator should be resistant to temperatures from 800 degrees.
How to repair a brick oven with your own hands, if these requirements were not respected and cracks appeared? Such cracks are climbing with a solution with the addition of chamot. With a lot of damage, the design is disassembled, tighten the fastener wire and wind by metal insulator.
In the heating and cooking furnace structures, the "patient" is a cast-iron cooking panel. The cracks themselves in the panel do not interfere with the oven. If it is folded correctly, she has good thrust, cracks do not deliver inconvenience. But - until the time before. If the design of the furnace is broken or there are errors in the masonry, then carbon monoxide can be leaked through these slots. And this is a big threat to the lives of people who are indoors.
As a rule, high-quality cast iron panels almost never crack. But it is better to progress.
In order to prevent the appearance of cracks on the panel, the first heating of the furnace with a new cooking panel is made carefully, warm up slowly, without loading the firebox. To distribute uniformly heat in the panel, a thick layer of sand is poured on it, or the brick is folded. Clean sand or remove the brick from the panel only after full cooling. Uniformly loaded panel "Sits" without distortion, which means that there will be no cracks of the "voltage" in it.
Over time, any brick oven will require repair. These may be lightweight cosmetic changes caused by the desire to update the interior. But it may happen, your stove will require much more serious interventions. Most options for eliminating functional faults are completely able to carry out their own hands.
What is this article
Before proceeding with the sludge of the gaps, you need to deal with the reasons for their appearance. Arising on the surface of the brick of the web, shallow, but spoiling appearancewill need to re-coating. Cracks in cast elements can signal the need for restoration work. Large and deep gaps inside, outside - reason to think, there are flaws in the design ,. The consultation of the specialist will be justified.
Separate gaps between the plates, doors and masonry simply eliminate with basalt cardboard. Lubricated with heat-resistant mastic, he covers cracks perfectly.
The appearance of cracks in the furnace array is often chosen on the cold indoors and a rare protostka, which is not entirely true. In fact, the main reason is the thermal expansion coefficient. Each material has its own, and large differences in values \u200b\u200blead to the deformation of bricks, mortar, masonry.
Prevent similar defects easily. For red brick, take a solution based on red clay, for chamotte stone -.
The second frequent occasion is the natural shrinkage of the clay mixture, manifests usually for the first year of operation. Whatever additives are added to the solution, volume fluctuations, after drying the fastener, it is impossible to reduce to zero. Minimum value It is 6%, the figure is small, but such a difference between the original sizes is enough for cracking.
To reconstruct individual sites, choose a mixture based on the clay that was used for the production of bricks. It can be a finished packaged product or cooked independently. Purchased option saves time for work, the main thing is carefully followed by instructions from the package.
If you decide to make the restoration composition with your own hands, consider, a chamotte solution to be a chamotte grain, clay sand. To improve the adhesion of the mixture, add the usual salt, 1 kg per 12 liter bucket will be enough. The viscosity of the mixture is needed average so that the carnage surface does not crack again.
Entering reinforcing components in the coating will give the future to pay strength, use porridge from the operated asbestos for this. It is simply prepared, a sheet of material is soaked in water about 15 minutes, turning into a liquid substance. Add no more than 2 liters on the bucket of putty.
The asbestos component in the composition of the mixture of clay loses negative properties, the solution is safe to use.
If you are not afraid of experiments, try making a restoration composition according to an old technique:
The tough mask is hardly hardening when heating the furnace. The composition is unusual in the absence of the sandy component, but the exit strength gives good.
If you need to patch small slots, then the laying is not required. The furnace should melt, then the seams between the bricks will expand. We get rid of the old solution and put the pay on a pre-dedusted and moistened place. The composition is laid in the seam by a trowel with a seal of the tool's edge.
When new cracks occur during drying, mold until the surface hardens without the appearance of the gaps.
Entry repair with laying analysis will require significant efforts, a simple putty here can not do. Deep through slots, burned stones - reason to disassemble the masonry.
When restoration, it is important not to overdo it with the amount of bricks taken out, so you can disassemble and sticks. Slightly displaced, but whole products without cracks do not need to touch. They will fasten with new bricks on the solution and will well hold on to their place.
Do not forget about the passionate film, dust will be much. Furious stone can be distinguished by color, when attacking it gives a characteristic sound. It is necessary to cut it, the required amount of heat it does not accumulate, safe operation Furnaces with a similar defect cannot be called. To drink bricks from the furnace massif, the hacksaw or the chisel is suitable, which it is processed along the seam and removed from the masonry, without disturbing neighboring Stones.
The hole from under the old block is prepared for operation with cleaning and moisturizing surfaces. Then the pre-prepared clay composition is stacked. The new brick is completely immersed in water, is deceived with a solution from above, on the sides and is laid in the opening. The fastening mixture is used by the one that is prepared for cracked cracks.
In cases of replacing a large volume of bricks, the technology is the same as in the case of a single stone change, only the amount of work is distinguished. Inverted, burned and having through cracks bricks are removed from the masonry. Whole strong fellows remain, you should not confuse their movement in a row. The solution securely secure them with new blocks and the strength of the array will not suffer from this.
Middle in terms of volume and complexity are activities related to metal parts, furnace accessories. Such as the:
The mounting of the door has the property to roast, especially suffer from the furnace and much less infidental with the calculated one. Therefore, steel wire or tape is taken for responsible sites, in other places you can use nichrome.
Door is attached:
Repair of grate is in a complete or partial replacement of the lattice. It is necessary to maintain a gap of 5 mm to chimney masonryPopped sand.
Foremost sheets repair is not subject to only replacement. Do not forget about the felt substrate, painted in the clay mixture. It will protect the floor under the sheet.
Full restoration of the functionality of the furnace, the replacement of parts to new or similar - these overhaul works. Some of them, chimney repair, lining, can be performed with your own hands.
Chimney can be anew, but strong destruction Masonry is better to go through it.
Do not affect the furnace frame when replacing the lining. The masonry is disassembled from the ash bar, opening the heatpace. The old lining is dismantled, the coating is cleaned and prepared for the work. Suts of the new design are not made in the thickness of 2 mm, the bandage with the main masonry is not needed.
The lining brick and the oven itself is needed the same, so the coefficient of thermal expansion is ensured.
For prophylaxis, a brick furnace should be inspected annually for the appearance of cracks, burned bricks, masonry deformation. Repair on initial repair cheaper. At the same time less likely to stay in winter with non-functioning stoveEssentially trying to correct the situation.
