Decided to build a country house? Already draw in your imagination of the picture of the future at home, looking for competent builders, ask the building materials? Do not hurry. The first thing to start - to equip the drainage system in its plot to protect the future structure from possible flooding during excessive precipitation or melting of snow. With a skillful made drainage system, your home will always be dry and cozy.
They are also called drains. Perform the functions of reception and water leads, so necessary and important for the drainage of the terrain. The system of interrelated drains and is called drainage.
The principle of their work is simple and understandable, so the owners of land plots most often make the drainage system on their own. The drains are stacked along or around the site (buildings) with a slope of 1% (1 cm for each meter) towards any hydrochloride (ditch, collector well, pit, canal, water) or the lowest point of the terrain. On top, gravel, sand and soil fall asleep.
Drains are despirable (suction) and collective. On the walls of the drainage pipes there are holes located in a certain order. It is through the walls and places of compound that water falls into the drain and is transmitted to the collectors (drainage wells), and already from there through collective cavities are given beyond the boundaries of the drying area. Thus, a sufficient thickness is formed, dry, steady plot of land.
Left: drainage pipe drainage perforated. Right: the drainage pipe is collective (removing water outside the site) without perforation
In the modern world, with the emergence of new technologies, requirements for drainage systems are constantly growing. The use of outdated schemes and materials is inappropriate and difficult.
Asbestos-cement pipes, as, however, and ceramic, have already moved into the past. Plastic drainage materials came to change - light, comfortable, flexible, not subject to corrosion, reliable, safe and durable. They withstand high temperature fluctuations (-70 to + 50 ° C) and simply mounted, so they can be put on own hands. For their manufacture use:
The corrugated Drainage PND pipe has a higher strength. It can be buried on a greater depth than smoothly
Drainage pipes found applied not only in everyday life for the discharge of unnecessary groundwater from the foundations and basements and devices of drainage wells, but also in civil and industrial construction (amelioration, gasket of motorways). For each case, it is necessary to properly select the size and technology of manufacturing elements.
Choosing drainage pipes, it is important to determine their size correctly. The performance of the entire system depends on the diameter of the drain. For domestic needs, there will be enough materials Ø 200 mm, and for the removal of a large volume of water, the pipes Ø 300-400 mm will be needed. The elements of 110 mm with a diameter of 110 mm are considered the most common.
To accurately determine the sizes, you need to consider:
Drain with a diameter of more than 300-400 mm is considered industrial, in everyday life they are used to build wells. The drainage system does not always consist of elements of one diameter, in which case the reducer (adapter) will be needed for the connection.
The main difference is drained from the ordinary pipe - the presence of perforation (partial or complete). With a complete perforation of the hole with a size of 1.3 mm, they are located every 60 ° around the cross-sectional circumference. Partial perforation involves three slot holes in the top of the shell. Holes are made between corrugations (ribbies of rigidity) that ensure the rigidity and durability of the system.
To create a small drainage, where materials are stacked on a slight depth, one-layer corrugated drain grade class 2-4 kN / m² is perfectly suitable.
Two-layer drains, which have high strength and class of rigidity, are commonly used to solve more global problems requiring deep bookmarks. In places with a high probability of clogging (sand, small grains of soil), drains with a filter layer or a special filter material are used.
To create a drainage system, you can apply the following types:
The first two types over the years are applied less and less. It affects their high cost and low life.
Asbic cement pipes were very popular in the past, but now they are rarely applied.
Polymer pipes have a number of advantages, the main of which is the low cost of layout and operation, the high service life and the ability to personally make a drainage system.
Almost all polymer pipes have a corrugated surface and a small wall thickness. Therefore, drainage products even a large diameter have a slight weight, which facilitates the organization of drainage in general.
Is it possible to make perforation yourself? It is possible, but it is not desirable, unless you are a specialist in the concomprise and higher mathematics. Factory perforation is thought out to the smallest detail and perfect geometry. Made by handicraft, it will be unreliable - the slightest mistake can affect the work of the entire system and lead to the formation of the swamps instead of amelioration.
Manufacturers perform perforations in precisely calculated places so that the drain effect is maximum
Holes are made in the form of narrow and long cracks to minimize garbage from the pipe. The number of such slots for one circle is almost the same in all manufacturers:
The main trump card of perforated pipes is that they work with the entire surface. This guarantees effective drainage, clean channels and drains.
Geotextile - a period for perforated elements that protect the holes from the cloud.Drenter in such a fever is well suited for driving and sandy lands. For domestic drainage pipes, geotextiles are used by a density of 100-200 g / m², although it is and more dense - up to 600 g / m².
Geotextile shell protects the drainage channel from dirt and garbage
The higher the density, the higher the price, so the geotextile canvas should be rationally, so as not to increase without the need for drainage work. In addition to drainage geotextiles, there are also other varieties: road and needle-free, so if you buy this material separately, pay attention to its purpose.
Key functions of geotextiles:
Produced from plastic clay with possible additives. There are perforated ceramic pipes and with a corrugated outer surface (the grooves increase the absorption properties).
Drainage holes in ceramic pipes are performed according to the same scheme as in polymeric, but such products are used quite rarely
According to guest standards, three types of pipes are produced: cylindrical, six or eight-marched. All varieties have geometrically right shape cross-section:
Ceramic pipes do not have skin. In drainage systems, they are connected to each other by couplings and clamps.
PND, probably the best pipes For modern drainage systems. They are distinguished by an increased service life (50 years), strength (withstand water freezing), elasticity. For plastic pipes, a variety of diverse connecting elements and fittings are produced, so they can build a system of any extent and configuration. Such drains are the basis of underground drainage.
PNDN pipes - the best choice for the drainage device. With their help, you can implement a system of any complexity.
They have good bandwidth, multifunctional, so successfully used in private, civil and industrial construction. PNDs are perforated from all sides, only on top or with alternating rows of holes and a smooth surface.
The principle of operation and the process of laying them is the same as for other types of pipes.
Experienced builders advise for greater efficiency to use corrugated PND pipes, laying them into rubble.
Polypropylene drains are very popular due to its properties:
For their connection, thermal welding (soldering iron) is needed, but the pipes are connected in this way form a monolithic design. And this is their main advantage.
In short, drainage polypropylene matrices are impeccable value for money.
To connect polypropylene pipes, it is necessary to have special equipment, but the joints will always be monolithic and hermetic
Coconut fiber - a variety of filtering material.Such a binding has its advantages and cons:
Of the flaws it is worth noting only a considerable price. However, taking into account the mass of positive qualities and the period for which the system will be laid in the ground, the drainage materials with coconut coating should be drawn to the most serious attention.
Coconut braid - 100% natural material, little susceptible to rotting and clogging. Pipes in such a shell will serve longer than others
Move from polyvinyl chloride. Like all materials for drainage, are used to drain the terrain, removal of water from the upper layers of roads, protection of buildings from excessive humidity. It is used mainly for deep drainage, since such modifications on the standards have a good laying depth (up to 10 m from the surface) and possess:
The disadvantage is that these products are very sensitive in the cold time to shocks and can be deformed, so their transportation in frost is difficult, it needs to be done very carefully to avoid losses.
Drainage pipes with polystyrene foam filler hide for widespread applications. This is an excellent alternative to other types of polymeric materials that are recommended to put in rubble. Here rubble is not needed, unless it is part of the design of the support.
Pipes with polystyrene filler allow you to do without traditional rubble, which significantly reduces the cost of their laying
When choosing, it should be considered:
The undoubted advantage of such pipes can be called that their length can be easily reduced using a girlfriend, clamp or rope.
Chrysotil is white asbestos, environmentally friendly without any poisonous and harmful impurities. It is not dangerous to health people, so pipes are used when adjusting a wide variety of pipelines, including the drainage system.
A distinctive feature of such products is the penetration of water not through the holes in the walls, but through the pores. They can be used in any soils: connected, incoherent, acidic and alkaline, with high mineralization.
Chrysotile cement pipes are used not only in drainage systems, but also for hot and cold water supply and heating
Cons: transportation, moving and assembling pipes of large diameter requires special construction equipment, which makes the installation costly
The construction market offers a huge range of imported and domestic drainage products. Among our manufacturers are the most well-known enterprises as "Ruvinyl", "Naskorn", Polytek, LLC Kameapolymer and others. Among foreign suppliers are popular with the POLIECO, Uponor, Wavin and Rehau product.
Perforated polyethylene products. Designed to build good-quality drainage systems. Have increased resistance to aggressive atmospheric phenomena due to the double wall white inside (smooth) and black outside (corrugated). Ring rings in the range: from SN4 (in 50 meter bays) to SN8 (in 6-meter segments).
We are produced in Russia for registered in technical conditions 2248-004-73011750-2007 standards. For various diameters, it is possible to use a wide range of fittings "Corsis" (taps, tees, couplings, adapters, plastic wells), and dreroids Ø 110-160 mm are perfectly connected without using Ecopal couplings sealing rings.
Drainage pipes "Perfocor" with perforation simply and conveniently connected using the shaped elements of the Corsis brands and Ecopal
Specialized to arrange levnets and non-pressure sewerage. Made from high-quality polyethylene according to technical standards 2248-001-73011750-2005, have a double wall - black corrugation from the outside and white smooth from the inside (or yellow for PR-2 and PR-3 contours).
To connect to the system uses shaped components "Corsis". And the elements of a large diameter (from 250 mm to 1200 mm) are produced with the already welded pattern, so only one sealing ring is used when assembly. The pipes of a smaller diameter are connected to the Corsis coupling and two rubber ring seals.
The main manufacturer is the Polyplastic Group, which has its own power in many regions of Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine.
Pipes corrugated Corsis SN4, SN8 are used for external sewage
This is the development of Pipilife for the needs of a storm, communal and industrial drainage, for draining drain during the construction of roads. Material is a special type of polypropylene (PP-B), a little vulnerable from shocks and perfectly withstanding powerful drains and a large temperature difference (-60 ° C to + 100 ° C). This drain Pragma is beneficial to PVC pipes.
High ring rigidity in 8 kN / m² makes them indispensable in particularly heavy conditions of the gasket. Undoubted pluses of PRAGMA materials: without difficulty are mounted, freely cut and do without problems, with PND and PVC pipes, sewage smooth-beam trails, as well as with polymer and concrete wells. Assembly and styling do not require the use of heavy construction equipment, which saves on construction and installation work.
Pragma pipes are beneficial from PVC pipes: resistant to mechanical damage at any temperature
Produced using the technology of the foreign company SoftRock. Scope of application: closed drainage of septic, land, basement, foundation, roof drains. They quickly won popularity. The main advantage is that it is easy to work with them and quickly. The SoftROKK drainage system consists of a flexible perforated pipe with expanded polystyrene filler of Russian production ("Cube") or imported ("Hedgehog"). The design of the SoftRock makes it unnecessary to use the rubble and increases the efficiency of the drainage system by 20-50%.
Livestone pipes will help to remove the molten and raindlands from the building. They together with gutters, trays and rain-seekers form an overhead or underground storm sewer And ensure the safety and durability of the structure. Requirements for materials: Strength, sustainability for solar and mechanical influence, sedimentary reagents, temperature drops.
For the structure of the drain, cast iron, polymer or reinforced concrete pipes are used (gasket under the roads). It is important to choose the diameter correctly so that there were no livnefon overflows. For private houses use sewer pipes Ø 100 mm.
Are the basis of drainage systems. They collect water and remove it beyond the site. Help to cope with high humidity The soil, dampness in the cellars, the appearance of mold and permafrost, the formation of puddles and isolated on powerful coatings, prevent the root plant of the plant.
Waterproofing (foundation, walls) is not always effective. Need an effective drainage system. When choosing its design, first determine the type of soil and only then proceed to the purchase of material. So that the drainage network worked smoothly, the drains are placed on a specially calculated depth. For this, two conditions must be observed:
For the deep laying of the necessary applying pipes with increased strength (double-sided pipe).
A large accumulation of groundwater can cause irreparable damage, for example, to fill the foundation, as a result of which it seemed to be, the house will seem on the century. The roof, walls, doors and windows will occur. Excessive humidity will affect the health of those living in the house, because the mold and fungus will constantly form in the most wet places. You can avoid all this by mounting even the most simple, but high-quality drainage system.
Laying pipes in prepared trenches. Laying pipes without geotextile strapping using geotextiles (left). Laying pipes in geotextile (right)
The clogged drainage system is not able to fully fulfill its functions, so it is important to periodically make it clean to get rid of limeths inside.
Different methods are used depending on the location of the system. If it lies on the surface, then cleaning can be done manually independently. With a deep drainage, it will take a pneumatic installation with a cleaning roller and a special nozzle for crushing large growths. Cleaning should be carried out once every 3-4 years.
The easiest way to clean the drainage system is to lower the steel cable into it. When it comes to the location of the break, rotationally progressive movements can be tried the resulting barrier
Flushing system in sections using pump, hose and compressor. It is carried out every 10-15 years. To do this, there must be access to each section (drape) on both sides. This method is most effective, the system is performed completely under pressure of water and air.
Drain of the local area, walls residential houses, cellars and cellars will save from many misfortunes. So do not neglect the drainage systems, initially construct them with high quality, even if you do it yourself. We hope that our article will help you deal with this issue and get rid of dampness on the site forever.
In the process of planning the construction of a residential structure or a country house, a question often arises to the owners of the land plot, relative to the likely flooding of the territory with groundwater or plenty of precipitation.
In the spring, when the snow melts or in the fall, with a constant rain, quite large puddles may appear in the country, which will interfere with the process of movement, as well as in a position to harm plants. Usually all this is repeated from year to year, which can automatically lead to the complete destruction of the foundation.
With a constant long-term water, the grinding ground gradually becomes overwhelmed, and oxygen does not flow into the soil. All this automatically leads to a sufficient serious damage to all plantations.
Important! In order to gradually, the dacha plot did not turn into a swamp in the process of precipitation, it is worthwhile to do high-quality drainage of the territory, that is, to improve the drainage system.
The system of such a plan is a network of special, interacting with each other pipes. Usually they are located around or along the portion of it and provide effective water removal strictly beyond its limits.
Drainage pipes are a system that is used for high-quality removal of excess moisture from the territory, from the foundation part of the house, from farms and from the garden. Such structures are laid strictly with a specific slope towards a special water receiver. It may be several types:
Pipes intended for drainage from standard differ from their external characteristics. On the top there are special holes. Through them, water that is assembled on the surface of the soil enters the inner part of the structure, and then completely derived from the entire country area.
Modern pipes that are used in the improvement of drainage can be two main species - standard having perforated holes, as well as they can be completely wrapped by special materials that perform the role of filtering.
At the moment, the implementation of construction processes uses such types of pipes:
The first two types are exploited quite infrequently, as they are characterized by a lot of weight and certain disadvantages. As for polymer structures, they are endowed with such positive qualities as:
The process of flooding polymer pipes is carried out very rarely. The most optimal option for a similar system will be a pipe wrapped in high-quality geotextiles. In this design, it serves as a special filter, which does not pass the soil particles. If there is no such, you will have to purchase a special. Then you can forever forget about the periodic flushing of the system.
Buyers are offered a wide variety of categories and typical sizes of polymer pipes. This provides the ability to build such a drainage, which will be different high performance indicators.
Modern pipes intended for the improvement of the drainage system are made from different materials. It may be ordinary PVC, polypropylene and polyethylene. Among them, PVC designs are in great demand, they can be:
The pipes made of polypropylene in their qualities are not very inferior to the fact that they are made from high-quality PVC. They are also made in the corrugated and smooth form, and the minimum diameter parameters are 50 mm.
There are similar designs in a wide range, and the basis is polyethylene, produced under low or rather high pressure. Almost all types of pipes made from high-quality plastic on many qualities are similar to each other.
Pipes that are used in a drainage system or those that are intended for the sewage and urban water supply are very different from each other. Here are the most basic differences in such structures:
It also matters the need for additional products. For a drainage system, such goods as or plastic are often required for the drainage system.
The main features of drainage structures include partial or complete perforation. It has a direct impact on a large number of general drainage characteristics.
Full perforation is the manufacture of holes that are located at a certain distance, approximately 60 degrees on the total circle. In other words, in one cross section there are up to 6 holes, and the standard parameters of the diameter are 1.3 mm. If the pipe is partially perforated, it suggests that there are 3 holes in its upper part and that's it.
To protect all the present holes from a fairly fast clogging, many manufacturers perform perforation between corrugations, that is, between ribbies.
Important! It is worth noting that such ribs help to maximally distribute the load level on the entire drainage design. This has a significant impact on its durability.
The main conditions for the use of high-quality drainage design implies use according to the characteristics of different pipe models, which are intended exclusively for drainage. Each of them most effectively solves this or that task.
It is for this reason that it is so important to determine exactly what all drainage works on the land plot will be carried out, as well as which devices will need to be taken. For example, a two-layer tube for removing water, which is characterized by perfect strength and rigidity, is optimally suitable for laying in a suite depth.
Devices that have a special layer of filter are originally designed to use in places with a probability of sufficiently clogging or pouring into the water supply system of water with small parts of sand and gravel. Pipes that have a sufficiently large diameter are operated in the territories where there is a need for a larger water.
Important! For the drainage device on a relatively small depth the ideal option There will be special corrugated single-layer pipes having perforation or without it, but with the presence of filtering material. The hardness level can be slightly lower than usual.
Buyers from Russia are now provided with a rather diverse selection of high-quality pipes that are used for drainage. Their cost can be different, from 70 to 300 rubles. The price category directly depends on such parameters as:
The arrangement of a high-quality drainage system is required to be planned to be planned in advance. Need to rely on general characteristics Soil and soil, maximum indicators of the level of underground sources.
Material spending on a similar design can be relatively small if you think about everything in advance. A special advantage is that in the future such installation will help effectively avoid a different problem plan.
Protecting the soil and building from water-blur is a paramount task both in design and during the arrangement of the site. The issue of water removal for sites located in lowlands, near water bodies, in regions with high humidity, large volume of precipitation, is especially relevant. The problem of drainage installation is solved, for which drainage pipes are used for removal of groundwater. We will try to figure out when the drainage for groundwater is needed, and what materials it is better to apply in different situations.
Installation of drainage of contractual organization before building a house - an ideal solution for the protection of soil and building source Katlavan.ru
Sophisticated calculations and research of soils are carried out when planning serious and responsible buildings, engineering structures, roads, bridges and tunnels, residential arrays.
At the owner level cottage plot, a small country house, a garage, household buildings, complex calculations are not in demand, as quite expensive and incomprehensible in the practical domestic use of the land.
Owners of country sites are not necessarily dealt with complex calculations that are already included in the work of turnkey Source Studway.com.ua
The design of the garden, garden and even a residential building is carried out on the basis of general data on the exemplary level of groundwater, close location of the reservoir, the depth information of the well or well, spring floods and other information.
At the same time, almost all owners of private houses, cottages and land faces faced the problem of draining, water removal and other issues of ameligation and water use, which requires a device for removal system for removing groundwater.
Despite the seeming simplicity of work, it will be optimal in a specific case, and what materials are optimal in a particular case, and what materials: filters, pipes for removing water from the site are difficult. Errors at this stage lead to the need to fully redo drainage, which entails not only additional costs, but also the need to re-change the design and arrangement of the site.
It is much easier and saving to professionals, which will be able to carry out the necessary calculations and make a turnkey drainage system.
Obvious signs of need for drainage Source otoplenie-help.ru.
Without drainage on the plot, do not do if:
Water-loving plants predominate in the garden and garden, the Earth is mild and wet all year round, trees are poorly growing, some die, moss appeared in the garden on the soil and trees. All these are signs of excessive soil moisture - water disposal is required.
High humidity in the basement or basement room, condensate on the walls of the basement, the appearance of microcracks on the base of the building, the occurrence of disks for door and window openings, a feeling of dampness and mold in the room. The building must be saved - without drainage work will be destroyed by the foundation and at home.
Even after the fallout of small precipitation, the puddles remain, the scenes are cracking and depart from the base, sidewalks and road coatings Sail - need at least a removal of surface waters.
Essential advantages of arrangement of the drainage system Source vse-o-kanalizacii.ru.
Drainage systems for the removal of groundwater can be divided into two main types: open and closed:
Open superficial drainage It is the usual ditches with a slope, aimed at natural water collectors or to drainage wells.
TO closed systems Water leads The ditch filled with a layer of rubble or sand, or with trays installed in them or perforated pipes for groundwater drainage, fastened from above the soil.
Arrangement of a closed drainage system Source fazenda.dp.ua
The main sign of the properly arranged drainage system is the ability of water to run along the pipes by gravity without using pumps.
This ensures exactly the extinted angle of inclination to the drainage well or the place of water supply. One degree tilt in practice means that through the distance of a hundred meters, the drainage tube will plunge into a soil for one meter (on a level section). Create a rapid flow by increasing the angle of inclination to anything - to perform a task on the removal of water, enough slope is about two degrees.
In practice, no one can dig a smooth drainage database and with an ideal bias. Running on the bottom of the sand and crushed stone trench allows you to accurately reduce marks and slopes.
Today, almost no one uses asbetic and ceramic pipes for removing water under the road or in the area. Their quality and price are good, but the cost of installation is not comparable to modern light and comfortable materials.
Modern materials for drainage systems Lightweight and comfortable Chemidream.com source
On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer installation and water supply and sewage design. Directly to communicate with representatives, you can visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-rise country".
Polyethylene. The most common material for the manufacture of drainage pipes. Most often, it is sold in a corrugated form with a bay length to 50 m. There is not enough thermosetics, but this property is not considered defining for the pipeline drainage. Today the market offers another original solution - Polymer materials drainage perforated neurogenic lengths without butts and connections up to 100 m.
Length of polyethylene products can reach 100 m source Trubachom.ru
Polypropylene. The thermosetics are durable, the price is above analogues from other materials, is rarely used in drainage.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is characterized by high resistance to aggressive chemicals, high strength, heat resistance. PVC pipes are completed with fittings from the same material. Products are most in demand with a diameter of 110-200 mm, a length of 6 and 12 m is made. Characteristic feature: Easy trimming of the desired length of the ordinary hand-hacking for metal.
Drainage pipes for groundwater removal should have holes or slits, they are called perforation. They are arranged to enter water inside the drainage system. Round holes have a diameter of 1.5 to 5 mm. If necessary, holes are cut down with a width of 5 mm, the length is not regulated.
The number of holes and their location do not have standard norms, but the slots in the corrugation should be located on the lower wave. Often manufacturers make holes only on one side of the pipe - when laying it is necessary to pay attention to the top.
Perforation can be made in the form of holes or slots Source Gidroplast.ru.
Few of the private developers own information about the depths of the location and the thickness of the groundwater layer or operates with the number of average annual precipitation in the area of \u200b\u200bthe drainage device.
Therefore, you need to be guided by the average norms:
the diameter of the main drainage should be in the range from 160 to 200 mm;
drainage pipes for removal of groundwater for the installation of secondary branches of the system should be at least 110 mm.
The need for special strength materials with a variety of constructive solutions and features arose with the demand of technologies deeply laid drainage systems with large loads on the surface layer, in particular, under the vehtrass.
Multilayer products withstand colossal loads Source Giropark.ru
Several layers in the design of the pipe give it the necessary indicators of strength and durability. The top layer is almost always corrugated - it is it that increases the strength characteristics of the drainage pipe.
The pipes are designated by the abbreviation Sn, the digital index after it means the maximum possible blowout of the drainage pipe under the road in meters. The SN16 marking means a multi-layer pipe with a permissible immersion depth of 16 meters is the maximum calculated depth for the drain.
Single-layer pipes are distributed in the construction of small local drainage systems of personal households and household plots. It may be smooth, which is characteristic of products from polyvinyl chloride, or corrugated, most often made of polyethylene.
Drainage pipe corrugations are often a determining factor when choosing pipes for drainage.
Corrugated products allow you to solve many questions when arranging the drainage system Source ppf-company.com.ua
When using them:
There is no need for additional elements of compounds: taps, knees. The amount is significantly reduced button connectionsSo, and associated leaks.
Allows you to simplify the requirements for the geometry of the drainage scheme, and, consequently, to facilitate and reduce the main process.
With tips, how to choose drainage pipes, you can get acquainted in the video material:
The price of drainage pipes depends on many factors:
material
product diameter;
the number of layers;
the presence of geotextiles.
Approximate prices for in-demand pipes are presented in the table.
The main problem of drainage systems is possible to casing. The deposits of soil particles that penetrate the pipes are capable of creating traffic jams and completely stop the functioning of the drainage system. Properly completed installation allows the drainage system to work smoothly dozens of years without additional costs and with a minor amount of preventive work.
The view of the filtering layer largely depends on the soil of the drainaged area.
Most often, several types of filtration are used. Source Th.DecorexPro.com.
The filter can perform:
crushed stone, gravel, brick and concrete battle;
fabric materials (for example, geotextile);
membranes from polymeric and natural materials.
Nonwoven material performing in drainage systems the most important feature Small filter. He is able to keep even the smallest particles of sand. Today you can buy pipes already wrapped in geotextiles - they can be laid at once on any basis, without fearing the occurrence of traffic jams.
Finished products may have geotextile coating Source Trubaplastik.ru.
You can apply geotextile without turning it directly to the pipe. The material is placed on a sandy pillow, then crushed stone is poured, the pipe is stacked, then a layer of rubble and next one layer of geotextile.
The sandy soil itself is filtering. It is only necessary to wrap drainage pipes with geotextiles, protecting them from entering the smallest grains, as well as make an additional filling of rubble.
For rubble soil better decision It will be the use of rigid perforated pipes plus additional gravel rack or rubble.
In soils, clay sometimes sufficiently put pipes without a filter tissue layer - a sufficiently rubbed backfill or coconut filter.
For an ideal drainage system, made once and for all, it is better to use everything available methods Filtration in the complex Source SL.Gadeners.com.
When the drainage system is needed to consider the following points:
The collection of water into the well should be on the lowest area of \u200b\u200bthe site, it is desirable to equip the team well by pump for pumping excessive water.
Viewing wells in places of pipe connections are required Source MPLAST.COM.UA.
The wells are built with a diameter of 50 cm - with deep location of the joints, the diameter of the well should be convenient for working in it.
The docking of the pipes does not necessarily have hermetically. When there is no desired fitting, it is possible to carry out a simple cutting pipe of a smaller diameter into a large - inaccuracy of the inserts will perform the role of additional perforation.
About common errors in the arrangement of the drainage system and the choice of materials is described in detail and shown in the video material:
In order for the drainage system to effectively perform its functions on the site, it is necessary to take into account many factors in its arrangement, including the type and humidity of the soil, the depth of the ground and the thickness of the groundwater layer, type and size necessary pipes, Plot geometry. Therefore, the price of pipes for drainage in solving the issue of arrangement of a high-quality system is not always fundamental in the value of complex work.
Drainage pipes are one of the main components of the drainage system. As you know, such a system is used for effective removal excess moisture from a certain area or object. The design of drainage pipes is stacked with the condition of compliance with a certain slope towards a natural or artificial water intake: a drainage well, trench, ravine, a common drainage pipe.
In the varieties of pipes intended for water leads, there are several characteristic technical features. On the upper parts of such products, as a rule, there are a number of special holes. Falling into such holes, moisture from the surface of the earth goes into the pipe, after which full It goes beyond the site.
All types of drainage pipes are divided into various categories and types, and such a division is carried out in several different lines. However, about everything in order.
First, the pipe can be a standard, equipped with a number of perforated holes, or originally wrapped with a special shell that performs the function of the filter.
We now turn to the separation of drainage pipes on different kinds Depending on the material of the manufacture. Currently, three types of pipes are used in the device of drainage systems. We are talking about polymer, asbestos-cement and ceramic (perforated) products.
The last two types are currently applied quite rarely due to the serious weight of the products and the presence of other significant drawbacks.
Therefore, today we will pay a maximum of attention with pipes made of high-quality polymers.
Polymer drainage pipes are poured with cement mortar only in exceptional cases. One of the most common troupe protection options is the shell of high-quality geotextiles, which, in fact, is a filter capturing the particles of the earth, sand, etc. Alternative to such a filter - a special sand trap. However, the option with such a trap has a serious minus - you will not be able to periodically wash the system.
So, speaking of polymer pipes, we mean products made of polyethylene, polypropylene and conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is the option with PVC pipes most popular at present. What are the varieties of drainage pipes from polyvinyl chloride?
First of all, they share two-layer and single-layer products with certain ring indicators (parameters) of strength.
The structure of most types of PVC pipes is flexible. Length flexible pipes It may be the most different, with a maximum of 50 meters. There are types of products with a rigid structure, from 7 to 12 meters in length.
Polyvinyl chloride pipes can be equipped with a filter shell at the stage of their production. The shell is performed from coconut fiber or special geotextiles.
A variant with polypropylene tubes is also considered very reliable and practical. Such pipes can be smooth or corrugated. The minimum diameter in this case is 50 millimeters. The production of products of this category is based on the use of polyethylene, which is produced under conditions of very low pressure.
Comparing drainage pipes with their water or sewer analogues, you can select two main types of differences - according to the functionality and by manufacturing materials.
One of the main features of pipes for drainage is their complete or partial perforation. This constructive moment directly affects the general characteristics of the drainage system.
Let's say a few words about full perforation of the pipe. This approach implies a series of holes located at a certain interval from each other along the entire circumference of the product. Thus, in each of the sections there may be six holes, a diameter of 1.3 millimeters (usually). With partial perforation, significantly less holes are made at the top of the pipe (about twice).
The drainage system contributes to the assignment of excess moisture from the soil on the site. This is necessary to maintain the integrity of the foundations and walls of the basement floors of the buildings. Drainage pipes asbestos cement, plastic, ceramic are used in the drainage system. Each type has its own features of installation, permissible life.
The construction of any object should begin with the study of the characteristics of the soil, the level of groundwater running. If you do not perform a set of activities that will allow you to remove excess water from the soil, then the following negative processes may be the occurrence:
sailing or destruction of the foundation;
freezing of the walls of the residential structure;
flooding basement and cellast;
education on the surface of the walls and the floor of mold, fungi (microclimate inside such a room is very harmful, can cause allergic reactions and diseases respiratory tract);
the fever of the Earth on the site (it leads to the casting of plantations);
icing and cluster of water on garden paths.
Important! Excessive soil saturation moisture causes her change chemical composition and microflora.
Drainage tube with water collection holes
Apply drainage pipes with full or partial perforation. With complete perforagement, the entire surface has holes located around the circle at an equal distance. Products with partial perforation of the water permeable only on top, there are only 3 rows of holes. In order for the water removal system to be effective, it is necessary to competently make a project and select the optimal view of the drainage pipe.
In areas where the groundwater is highlighted high to the foundation, necessarily build systems for their removal. Pipes for the drainage system are located lower than the soil freezes. Their diameter is determined in accordance with the individual parameters of the site.
The products used must meet the following requirements:
provide unimpeded water current;
have high mechanical strength;
the inner surface with the maximum slide and smoothness indicator;
with a large stream, it is capable of withstanding significant pressure inside;
capable to withstand large temperature differences.
In addition to internal pressure, the drainage pipe should not be fed from the soil pressure, its seasonal displacements. When products are made of material that is poorly withstanding low temperaturesUse insulating technologies.
Important! If there is the possibility of hitting foreign objects or blocking of blockages, then the coarse cleaning filters are installed in the discharge system.
To minimize the internal pressure together with the discharge elements in the ground, a rainwood system is mounted, it is called superficial. It enters the overall drainage network, removes water coming from precipitation.
The drainage system consists of interconnected pipes with holes, drainage trenches, wells, connecting fittings and additional elements. Through the holes in the pipes, water is collected and assigned.
The device of drainage networks is carried out after the construction of the main objects. But in some cases it is possible to mount it and is necessary at the stage of preparatory work:
The plot is gentle without minimal inclination. Groundwater will accumulate in large quantities.
The level of finding groundwater is less than 150 cm to the surface of the Earth.
The main stratum of soil consists of drumine rocks and clay, which are poorly missed moisture.
The land is located in the region, where the statistics are the level of precipitation above the norm.
In the design, be sure to take into account the depth of the foundation of the main objects on the site.
Water removal from the foundation using a drainage pipe
Attention! If an object with a swelled foundation is erected next to the residential house, it can disrupt the natural waste of groundwater and cause their accumulation. This will lead to the flooding of the base, the basement of a residential building.
When there is a concrete slaughter around the foundations of buildings, there are many asphalt tracks on the site, natural water circulation is broken. In this case, the storm system is mounted, connected to the drainage.
All drainage pipes can be grouped by different features. By type of material from which they are produced, six varieties are distinguished.
Ceramic. Produced from refractory species of clay with mineral additives.
Asbesto-cement. Diameter 10-20 cm is made. One drainage tube from asbestos cement can weigh up to 52 kg. Couplings from the same material are used for the compound. The increase in the water permeability is achieved by the manufacture of propuls in the surface of the pipe located in a checker order.
Metal. They have considerable weight, may be corrosion.
Plastic. Manufactured from polyethylene low or high pressure (PND and PVD), polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride. The presence of corrugated walls and ribs of stiffness allows you to evenly distribute the external pressure.
On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer installation and sewage design service. Directly to communicate with representatives, you can visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-rise country".
Concrete. It is difficult to perforated, have a lot of weight.
From the porous ceramzitteke or plastibetone. Moisture inside comes through the pores in the walls.
By structure, drainage pipes are divided into single-layer flexible corrugated and two-layer outside with a corrugated surface and smooth inside. Some latter models have built-in filter shells from geocanies with rigidity fins that prevent contamination of sand holes. Single-layer are used with deep lounges.
Single-layer flexible corrugated drainage pipe
Two-layer drain pipe, corrugated outside and smooth from inside
The most popular models are pipes with a diameter of 110 mm with a protective layer of geotextiles. They are mounted without an additional filtering system.
Drainage pipe with a protective layer of geotextile
Depending on the rigidity, drainage pipes are separated into two types.
Flexible models. Suitable for creating curvilinear flows. Such elements are characterized by smaller ring rigidity. Some are sold in bobins for 40-50 meters.
Tight drainage pipes. Used for rectilinear gasket. They are produced by thin-walled with a diameter of 5-15 cm and thick-walled with a diameter of 15 cm. The latter are made up to 6 m long, when laying them, they are joined by connectors, rotary elements.
Drainage pipes from asbestos-cement mixture are a diameter of 10-50 cm, a length of 3.95-5 m. As a rule, such pipes are partially perforated. The drainage tube from asbestos cement is easily serviced, but due to too much weight and complex installation is rarely used. The service life is no more than 20 years.
Ceramics products are manufactured using burning furnaces. The press produces molding from a sandy-clay mixture with the addition of alloying substances. At this stage perforation is performed. The preparations are then hardened in the furnaces at temperatures up to 1300ºС.
Ceramic drainage pipes, the dimensions of which are 50-70 cm, are connected by couplings. Product diameter 5-30 cm, length up to 0.3-1.5 m. The drainage pipe from ceramics is characterized by the benefits:
service life of up to 30 years;
resistant to seismic and chemical processes;
the internal and outer friction coefficient is minimal.
Ceramic products are actively used in landscape design To drain the desired sites.
Laying ceramic drainage pipes near the house
Plastic drainage pipes whose varieties have a corrugated surface are the most commonly used in modern construction. Such popularity is caused by a large number of advantages of products of this type:
service life of up to 50 years;
high resistance to corrosive processes;
low weight with great strength;
not destroyed under the influence of aggressive media;
easily transported and mounted;
the maximum smooth structure of the inner surface prevents the appearance of blockages;
available cost.
When using drainage tubes with a filtering layer of geotextiles, a regular washing of the system is not required. For networks with normal and low loads, the products with a diameter of 110-200 mm are suitable, an increased load is withstanding pipes with a diameter of 300 mm.
Tip! If there are 10-11 cm with a diameter of 10-11 cm from the installation of the sewer system, then drainage can be made. The surface is perforated with a drill, then the products turn into geotextiles over the entire length.
Several varieties of channels for the drainage of plastic are produced:
Corrugated single-layer products with holes or without them (PND). SN2 rigidity models are used at a depth of less than 2 m, the SN4 class at a depth of up to 3 m.
Corrugated two-layer products from PFND or PVD with smooth walls inside. SN6 hardness class, used at a depth of less than 4 m. Such pipes are easy to transport and mount.
Corrugated flexible products with stiffness SN8 are used to launch at a depth of 10 m.
Two-layer corrugated PND pipes with smooth inside, SN8 hardness class. Products do not have a filter layer, are used at a depth of 8 m.
Two-layer drainage pipes are most often used for laying at a small depth. The smoothness of them inland walls Provides the maximum service life and effective outflow of water. The corrugated top layer with rigidity ribs has high strength.
Popular types of pipes are "Perfocor" and "Logistics". "Perfocor" is made from high-modulus polyethylene with the addition of mineral components. They have increased rigidity, a diameter is 11 cm, 16 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm.
"Logistics" is distinguished by a flat rectangular shape, made from the PND. It is equipped with additional internal reinforcing elements. A special advantage of variety in compactness, which is important during transportation.
See on video varieties of drainage pipes:
The use of pipes of this species is characteristic of mounting the surface system. Models are produced with a diameter of 5-30 cm, with corrugated single-layer or two-layer walls. Most of the products have perforation. PVC pipes are easily connected to the pipes of wells from concrete and plastic. Connecting elements are used with snatching mechanisms.
Installation of networks from such pipes is simply performed and quickly, but necessarily the device of the cushion cushion and geotextile protective layer. Products with stiffness classes Sn 2,4,6,8,16 are manufactured.
The physical characteristics of the PND products provide their use in any networks. Different types Pipes have stiffness SN4 and SN8. Depending on the structure there are products of the PND with one or two layers, there may be a perforated pipe for drainage or without perforation.
The diameter can be 5-70 cm, the pipes with a maximum diameter withstand heavy loads. For the installation of the drainage system, the detachments are used, couplings or welding.
Having preferred these drainage pipes should be remembered that the material used in the production of PND products belongs to combustible.
The bias of the drainage pipe depends on different factors:
diameter of the pipes used;
varieties of the drainage system;
features of the surface of the railway area.
If it is incorrectly to make calculations and select angle more necessary, it will begin to occur overhead of water and the appearance of or orstal applications. System clogging will occur frequently.
When installing an angle less necessary, the water will be stated inside the channel, which will cause its overflow and termination of operation. Excess moisture will remain in the ground.
Important! The calculated value of the inclination has a fractional value. It is obtained when dividing the necessary tilt pipe to its length, expressed in meters. The indicator 0.003 will mean that the level of the meter pipe of the pipe must be 3 mm.
This indicator is registered in construction standards, SNIVA. We present specific values \u200b\u200bfor drainage systems from standards:
with the diameter of the pipe 200 mm, the minimum angle of inclination is 0.007 m / m, with a pipe diameter 150 mm - 0.008m / m;
the type of natural territory coverage is also important: asphalt - 0.003, paving stones - 0.004, crushed stone - 0.004, large stones - 0.005 m / m;
for separately placed trays, the optimal indicator is 0.005 m / m;
for drainage channels - 0.003 m / m.
Installation of pipes under the tilt is needed even for land plots with a slope, despite the natural outflow.
If this is not done, then soil waters will gradually disperse the soil, reducing its strength. Similarly, they will affect the foundation of buildings. On inclined areas, the combined open and closed-type combined system is rationally.
In order for the drainage pipeline to be effective, it is important to produce the correct calculations of its parameters. The most popular is the annular scheme when the channels are located around the perimeter of the buildings.
In the calculations, determine the depth of the foundation of the construction and angles of inclination. For any type of materials used in the installation, the bookmark is performed by 0.3-0.5 m deeper than the foundation pillow is located. The recommended channel drop at the place of the runoff must be more than 1% per meter of the pipe.
For more information about drainage systems and rules of their installation, see the video:
In the annular systems, the remoteness of the upper parts of the trench from the foundation or walls of the house should be at least 3 m. Concrete breakdown around the walls of the building - not already 1 m.
When calculating, the lowest point of the system is first planned, where water is discharged. Stripping from the value obtained, determine the depth of laying the top of the channel. Measure the remoteness of the upper point from the bottom and set a slope of 1%.
The upper point is usually located at the level of the building angle, and the bottom at the installation site of the collector well.
For systems where it is impossible to establish a well at the desired depth, it is recommended that the use of drainage pumps that will force the incoming water will be forcibly.
The installation of the drainage system is performed in the following order:
The plot is placed, the locations of the drainage channels are determined.
Trenches are digging for pipes rectangular or trapezoidal shape. Their width should be 0.4 m larger than the diameter of the pipeline. Deliability of trenches depends on the type of soil.
The bottom of the trenches is compacted.
Down stacked sand and rubble layers. The thickness of the layers should be at least 0.2 m. For systems, which use pipes without filters, a laying of filter geotextiles is needed on a crushed pillow.
Cutting pipes for the desired length and their laying in trenches using connecting fittings. Partially perforated pipes are stolen by holes down.
Pipes are wrapped with geotextiles, which is fixed with the cord.
The ends of the pipeline are displayed to viewing wells that will allow the use of assembled water for technical needs or distribute it back into the soil.
On top of the channels, the channels are made of rubble and sand, the thickness of the layers of at least 0.2 m.
The ditches are completely covered with soil.
With the right choice of materials and high-quality installation life time system collected will be up to 50 years.
Products have advanced use, they are actively used in air conditioning systems for condensate output formed on the internal parts of air conditioners. Moisture is discharged in the sewer network either on the street. In this case, the connection to the sewage allows you to get a fully autonomous system.
Using the drainage pipe for condensate
In such systems, plastic products are used, characterized by moisture resistance, durability, high bandwidth. The surface of them can be smooth or corrugated. The first have low cost, but require connecting elements on turns. Corrugated pipes are more elastic and easier to assemble.
Conducting incorrect calculations and the choice of bad materials can completely disrupt the functioning of the system. The most frequently admit the following errors:
The type of soil is not taken into account when choosing a type of pipeline.
No or incorrect Channel angle calculation.
The system does not provide a removal of the assembled water from the well into a natural water or sewer collector.
No or insufficient layer of filtering, geotextiles.
No holes in the pipes are not provided.
Bad installation.
Look at the video of the Drainage System Mounting Nuances:
Considering the pipes presented in the market for a drainage of a plot that you can think for a long time, because there are many of them. Of course, this is a personal matter of everyone, but if you contact the specialists, they will quickly help choose the pipes suitable for installation in your courtyard of the pipe, and if you have trusted work, then you can avoid common errors when installing.
The need to build a drainage system on any plot is no doubt. For good operation, the system must be pre-explored the soil, carry out calculations and perform a high-quality assembly.
