There are two ways to plant walnut: with seeds and seedlings. You need to get acquainted with both of them in detail to understand what better. Interested in the method to plant a walnut of the fetus, you need to understand that this is not the simplest procedure. Planting a walnut from a sapling is much simpler.
Before planting a future tree on its plot, you should purchase a sapling. This can be done by visiting specialized points of sale, and you can also deal with young escape from your friends. It is important to understand how to put walnut walnut.
It is necessary to adhere to the rules to help understand how to plant a nut. If you ignore these recommendations, then walnut may simply do not grow. Sedo selection rules:
Only such a plant will be able to quickly take root and do not hurt.
About what season is best to land, gardeners do not have one opinion. Some say that it needs to be done exclusively in the fall, since this period slows down. Others argue that spring is the best time to disembark trees. It also believes that it must be done before on the trees of Nabuchi kidney.
Description of the Eucalyptus tree, where it grows and how to grow a plant
Since there is no consensus in this matter, you should navigate the climate in your region. For example, for southern regions having a warm climate will suit autumn planting. And for the northern regions, the most acceptable option will plant a seedling in the spring.
All because short autumn and cold winter Can destroy a weak tree. Both options may come for residents of the middle strip.
It remains to deal with how to plant a nut. To fit the seedlings, you need:
This is a pretty troublesome, but an interesting event. First, choose a landing material. These must be nuts with the healing of the average degree of hardness. It is necessary to inspect the shell for mechanical damage.
It is necessary to learn how to plant a walnut of the fetus so that he grows and pleased in the future fruits. Landing seeds in the ground can be carried out in several ways:
If you have chosen the first way, then you need to do the following:
If you have chosen the second way, you need to land seeds into a soil of 3 into one hole. The distance between us is 12-15 cm. This method provides the best germination. And during the transplantation to a permanent place, you can choose the strongest.
Everyone knows the fact that in order to obtain strong and healthy trees, several factors need to be taken into account. This is a correct selected place and preparation of the soil. Several important rules should be remembered:
There was a lot of copies broken and is talking about the benefits of such a valuable nutritional product like walnut. By the way, with his help, as a source of healthy nutrition, you can replenish the stock of vitamins and microelements round yearAnd that is especially important - it is impossible to compensate for it. That is why it is worthwhinking about that this absolutely beautiful culture grew by you cottage plotMoreover, the prices for it in the store bite. About how best to plant in spring or autumn saplings of walnut, o proper care In the open soil and thoughtful preparation for the winter, it is said in this article.
The optimal durations of the walnut landing are directly dependent on the place of your stay, that is, from the climatic zone.
So, in the middle lane (Moscow region) and other northern regions best time for planting walnut - Spring. Moreover, the planting of a seedling should have time to spend the kidney swelling when all the snow comes down, and the weather will become more stable, that is, in the month of April. In the fall, it is not recommended to plant, as the tree in such climatic conditions can extinate in the winter period.
On South (in the Krasnodar Territory, in Ukraine) walnut plant in autumn During the leavefall, that is, it is about October - November.
Important!First of all, when planting walnut seedlings, it is necessary to navigate weather, namely, the temperature that should be positive (at least during the day), and the land is not yet freezing (in the fall), or completely outlined (spring).
In many ways, the growth and development of nuts is determined right choices Saplings and preparation for landing. Also, it should be very serious about the landing site and the most advanced landing method of a young tree.
Important! As a rule, recently, the nuts mainly began to use the planting technology and the cultivation of walnuts according to the Kibtenko method, partly it is (with some additions from other sources and the experience of gardeners) and will be described in this instruction.
Many when choosing a walnut seedling are wondering what is better to choose - annual or two-year-old. Of course, it is preferable to plant a two-year seedling, because This will require less carethan for annual, but also cost it will be more expensive.
What else to pay attention to the purchase of a walnut seedling:
Important!It is preferably a weird seedlove.
It is also very important to pay attention to the height of the seedling. Annual, as a rule, have a height of about 30-40 cm, they do not need to trim during landing. Another thing, two-year seedlings whose height for 2 years of life can reach 1.5-2 meters. Such a seedling must necessarily cut before landing to about a height of 50-80 cm.
Note! Procurement of the aboveground part is performed in order to balance it with the underground part of the plant. In other words, if you don't do pruning, then the root system simply will not be able to normally provide food all the plant, which in the end will constantly get quiet and in the end dries off.
Video: Description of the grade of walnut "Ideal"
The most suitable soil for growing nut - carbonate (rich in the black soil). Although, of course, this is not necessarily, but it is in such a soil that he grows most comfortable. However, it will be nice to grow on wet sublinks.
As for the optimal place for landing in the garden, it is better to plant a walnut in a sunny plot, and groundwater should not be located very high (no more than 2 meters). If the groundwater is close, the walnut tree will not grow normally even if you put it on the hilly. This is explained by the fact that the root system at the tree grows very powerful and spread, which means it will quickly reach the level of water, and the roots simply begin to rot.
Important! In no case it is impossible to plant Walnut close to home. Its root system is so strong that can destroy almost any foundation (even reinforced concrete). It is better to plant it somewhere at the end of the garden, and necessarily away from other fruit (fruit) trees, as the nut pulls all the food from the soil. It should also be borne in mind that when it breaks down, its branches will shade enough large square Your or neighboring plot.
By the way! Next to the nut wood can be quite normal to grow hazelnut, rosehip, currants, raspberries, viburnum, quince and cherry. But it will be very bad to coherent with the walnut of dogs and plum.
If you want to plant several trees at once (but it is necessary to do), then it is necessary to withstand the distance between the seedlings at least 5 meters, although industrial scales are often planted according to a 10-meter circuit. Distance between seedlings directly depends on the grown variety.
Tip! So that the nuts are delicious (oily and sweet), it is mandatory to cross-pollination, for which at least 2 is required, and even better - 3-4 wood.
It is very important to properly prepare the landing pit for planting a walnut seedling. The optimal sizes of the pit are approximately 60 by 60 centimeters, but it can be more (depending on the root size). At the same time, the whole land that will remain after the pit swaying should be used to create a well around (a priority circle with high sides).
As a nutrient mixture for better survival and rapid development of a seedling on the bottom of the landing pit It is advisable to pour around 1 kg of ammophos (52% phosphorus, 12% nitrogen), wherein without stirring, just a bunch.
Why do I need phosphorus? Phosphorus has a positive effect on the winter hardiness, the bookmark of fruit renal, common immunity and the susceptibility of the tree to disease.
Then, on top to ammophos, you need to pour at least 20 centimeters soilbut not what remained after the sink, but only from upper fertile soil layer. To activate the activities of symbion mushrooms, 5-8 kg of excellent humus should be added.
Interesting! The root walnut system differs from other fruit trees, because His roots live symbion mushrooms, which at the expense of their mycorrhiza remove all nutrient elements and moisture from the soil. Like any mushrooms, they love the organic matter (humid, manure).
Walnut landing scheme
Step-by-step instruction Planting a seedling of walnut in open ground (Kyktenko):
Video: Walnut landing - master class
But it is possible to plant and more in the standard ways that are described in the following videos.
Video: How to plant walnut seedlings in autumn different ways
Reliable tool to obtain a shared harvest of nuts is the right and thoughtful treatment for the tree in the open soil.
Exactly right watering Walnut is the basis of a tree care. So, for the summer season (especially, if summer is dry and roast, there is no rainy) with just about 10-14 irons (almost every week), and for 1 time 2-3 water buckets should be poured 1 time (25-35 liters) . In the future, an adult tree should be watered abundantly (60-80 liters), but not so often (enough 2-3 times a month).
Important! Since when landing, you have already made a significant amount of fertilizers, then the nut tree is about 8-10 years old do not need to feed.
Further walnut feeding scheme is quite simple:
Walnut loves organic fertilizers, so it is advisable to feed it with a humor, compost and ash - 5-6 kg per 1 square meter. The meter of the rolling circle. Of mineral fertilizer He prefers ammonia nitrate, urea (carbamide) (all nitrogen), potassium humate, potassium salt (all potassium), superphosphate, ammophos (all phosphate) - 10-12 grams per quarter. meter.
Note! If you have already enough fertile soil (not sandy), then it is worth it to be treated very carefully, because the nut already grows without it.
The compositions of the preparation of young walnut seedlings for winter are the following manipulations:
Note! About how to beat fruit trees, described in detail.
As a rule, it is believed that the walnut tree independently regulates its crown, and therefore it does not require a special formation. That is, it is necessary to perform only the sanitary trimming of the triggers (and preferably in the summer) so that they do not interfere with alive.
However, if you want to get the most fruiting tree, it should be created correctly, especially in the early period. You can view more about this procedure in the next video.
Video: Trimming and Formation of Walnut Tree Crown: Scheme and Practice
It is time to determine that walnuts are ripened, and it's time to remove the harvest, just enough - they should take a crack of the green shell.
After you collect nuts in the green skin, you will need to separate it (for this it is better to give them a week in the basement), then rinse the fruits in the water and dry, only after these manipulations of the nuts can be stored.
Important! For more information on the timing of ripening, the rules for preparing for a storage layout (on how to properly dry nuts) will be given in one of the following articles.
Now the difficult task of planting walnut on panstone In the spring or autumn will not put you in a dead end. It is only necessary to take note of how to choose the right seedlings and prepare them for landing in order to then implement all the necessary care events for young trees.
Video: Will you need a walnut at the cottage - pluses and cons of landing on the plot
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Wood walnut (Lat. Juglans Regia) - View of the genus of the ordeal nut. Otherwise, this nut is called Voloschi, royal or Greek. IN wildlife Walnut is growing in Western Transcaucasia, North China, on Tien Shana, in Northern India, in Greece and Malaya Asia. Separate specimens of plants are found even in Norway. But the biggest natural nuts are in the south of Kyrgyzstan. The Motherland of Walnut is Iran, although there is a guess that he may have a Chinese, Indian or Japanese origin. The first mention of Walnut in historical documents relate to the VII-V century BC: Pliny writes that the Greeks brought this culture from Kira's gardens, the king of Persia.
From Greece, the plant fell into Rome called "Walnut", and then spread through the territory of France, Switzerland, Germany and Bulgaria. On the American continent, walnut was delivered only to early XIX. century. In Ukraine, the nut got from Moldova and Romania called Voloshsky.
Read more about growing walnuts below
Walnut is a large tree growing in a height of up to 25 meters, the trunk of walnut reaches sometimes three, and sometimes seven meters. Golden walnut bark, branches with leaves form an extensive crown. Walnut leaves, complex, unparallers, consisting of stretched leaves with a length of 4 to 7 cm, bloom at one time with small, greenish shade with flowers, pollinated wind - in May. On one tree, both men and women's flowers are revealed.
The fruit of walnut is a single-ground fire with a thick leathery ocolophold and a spherical bone with incomplete partitions, which can be from two to five. Inside the shell is an edible core of walnut. Weight of one fruit from 5 to 17 g.
Greece walnut does not have high frost resistance - freezes already at temperatures -25-28 ºC. Walnut tree of 300-400 years, its wood belonging to valuable breeds is often used to make designer furniture. And from the leaves of walnuts produce a dye for textiles. The main producers of valuable walnuts are today China, USA, Turkey, Iran and Ukraine.
We will tell you how to land and caring for walnut, how to form his crown, how to feather walnut so that its crops are stable and consistently high than to treat walnuts from pests and diseases, which walnut varieties are best grown in the garden And we will give you a lot of other interesting and useful information.
Usually, the seedlings of walnut are planted in the spring, but autumn landing is also possible in southern regions. If there is a good drainage layer of the soil for walnut any. Clay ground can be improved by entering peat and compost. The landing place should be sunny, as this tree is light-cup, and in the shade, a seedling will just die. The highest productivity is distinguished by trees growing on the sun mansion. Walnut does not like sections with high groundwater sitting, and the optimal hydrogen indicator of the soil for the walnut pH 5.5-5.8.
Since male and female walnut flowers are blooming at the same time, it's good if there are a couple of nut trees of other varieties nearby, and they can grow even in neighboring gardens - pollen is spread over a distance of 200-300 m.
Walnut seedlings in front of landing inspect: fallen, sick or dried roots and shoots are removed, after which the roots are lowered into the clay boltushka dense the shop sour cream. The bolt, except for water, includes 1 part of the designated manure and 3 parts of clay. You can add a growth stimulator in a gumat or epin to the chatter.
A pit for walnut is prepared from autumn. Since the young tree at first does not have a powerful root system, the main power source for it will be soil in the diameter of one meter from the nut, so it is so important to create optimal conditions For its growth and development.
The size of the pit under the nut is determined by the composition of the soil. On fertile soils, there will be a thief with a depth and diameter of 60 cm, on less fertile soils, the depth and diameter of the pit should be more - in the range of 1 m. Sleep out of the pit from the pit, delay in one direction, and non-frosting soil from the bottom layer in Other - he will not need it for landing walnut. The top layer of the soil mix with peat and humus (or compost) in equal proportions, but in no case use fresh organic to enrich the soil.
Add 2.5 kg of superphosphate, 800 g of potassium chloride, 750 g of dolomite flour and half a kilogram of wood ash, thoroughly mix all the ingredients with soil. Such a number of fertilizers mixed with the fertile layer of soil, the tree is enough for the first 3-5 years of life, during which the walnut will develop a powerful root system capable of independently producing nutrients.
Fill the pit cooked by the soil mixture to the top and pour one and a half or two buckets of water into it. On this, the autumn preparation of the pit for walnut is completed.
For the winter, the soil in the pit will fall and condenses, and in the spring, when it is time to plant a nut, remove the soil from the pit, take the bottom of the bottom pole with a height of 3 m, pour around it the hill from the same soil of such a height to the root neck installed on The chillate of the saplings was 3-5 cm above the surface of the site. Pull the pit in the remaining soil mixture, wipe the surface and pour the sapling 20-30 liters of water.
When the water is absorbed, the soil will fall, and the root neck of the seedling will be at the surface level of the site, leaving the tree to the support and inspire its proper circle of the peat layer, sawdust or straw with a thickness of 2-3 cm. At a distance of 30-50 cm from the barrel. Earth in proportion 1: 3 roller 15 cm high for rainwater collection.
Autumn walnut landing is not much different from the spring. The only difference is that the pit is preparing for half a year, and in two or three weeks before landing. And remind: Autumn walnut landing is admissible only in southern regions where there are no frosty winters.
How to grow walnut in the garden and how to properly care for walnuts? Work in the garden begins in early spring. In the third decade of March, if the air temperature does not fall below -4-5 ºC, it is possible to carry out a sanitary and forming trimming of walnut. If weather conditions do not allow trimming during these deadlines, transfer it to a later time, but you need to have time to trim the nut before the start of the sludge.
Walnut in spring needs moisture. In April, if there was little snow in winter, and spring without rains, carry out moisture productive watering of the tree. Clean its stack and skeletal branches from the dead crust, rinse them with a three-percent solution of copper sulfate and refresh the walnut stammer with lime over the winter. In the same time, the trees from diseases and pests are preventable and seedlings are planted.
In May, the time comes to make fertilizers. What to feed the walnut? An adult tree in a year is needed about 6 kg of ammonium nitrates, which are best made in spring and early summer. This concerns trees older than 3 years - the fertilizer put in the pit when boarding fertilizers should be enough for a plant at least than for three years.
Hot, and especially dry summer the need for walnut in watering increases. From May to July, the inclusive rush circle is moistened twice a month without subsequent loosening of the soil, since the nut does not like this. But with weeds you need to fight. Walnut in summer can suffer from fungal diseases and harmful insects, so it is very important to inspect the tree every day, so as not to miss the beginning of the disease or the appearance of pests, and in the event of danger, the walnut should be treated with an appropriate drug insecticide or fungicide.
At the end of July, pinch the tops of those shoots whose height you want to speed up - the shoots should have time to grow before the start of cold weather, otherwise they are waiting for their death from frostbite. Spend non-rooting nut with phosphate and potash fertilizers with the addition of trace elements. Some varieties of walnut ripen already by the end of August, and in this case you should be ready to collect a crop.
Autumn - it is time to collect the harvest of walnuts. Depending on the variety, nuts ripen from the end of August to the end of October. When the harvest is over, it is necessary to put order in the garden: to spend the sanitary trimming of a walnut after the leaffall, to harvest the fallen leaves and trimming the shoots, treat trees from the walnut in the crust and in the soil under the pests and pathogenic microorganisms, to whiten the stack and the foundation of skeletal branches of lime. Saplings and young trees need to prepare for winter.
In order for the walnut to be attacked by pests or infection with diseases, it is necessary to carry out its preventive treatment twice a year. When and how to process walnut? Spring treatment is carried out early, along the still sleeping kidneys - the walnut and the soil of the prioric circle spray with one-surge solution of burgundy liquid or copper sulfate. The autumn treatment of walnut with these drugs is carried out after the leaf fall, when the trees go during the rest.
Many gardeners instead of bordeaux liquid or copper sulfate are used to treat a seven-percent urea solution, which is both fungicide, insecticide and nitrogen fertilizer. Urea is better to process trees in spring when nuts need nitrogen.
Growing walnut requires its regular irrigation. This is a moisture-loving plant, but if in the spring and summer it rains from time to time, we can not water the nut. In the roast and arid hours, it is necessary to water the nut from May to the end of July twice a month, spending on each m² of a priority circle of 3-4 buckets of water. Since the beginning of August, watering should be stopped. If autumn is without rains, make a centenary waterproofing watering walnut so that it is easier for it to survive the winter.
The root walnut system does not like loosenings, so mineral fertilizer complexes need to be made with great caution. Nitrogen fertilizers contribute only in the spring and at the beginning of summer, since they in the period of fruiting contribute to infecting the nut with fungal diseases. Phosphates and potash fertilizers are perceived by the culture well, their introduction to the soil of the priority circle is better to exercise in the fall. In total, the fruitful walnut for the growing season needs 10 kg of superphosphate, 3 kg of potash salt, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate and 6 kg of ammonium nitrate.
As a fertilizer, you can also use Siderats - Lupine, Pea, Oats or rank, which are sulking in the aisle of nuts at the end of summer, and fall into the soil in the fall.
Since the root culture is thermalized, some of its varieties can grow only in areas where there are no cold winters. However, there are varieties that can withstand short frosts up to -30 ºC. Adult plants winter without shelter, but seedlings and trees of the One-Year thing need to wrap burlap, and their rolling circles, retreating 10 cm from the tree trunk, need to be meditated for winter.
In the spring, in March or April, when the air in the garden was already warmed up to the positive temperature, but the intake has not yet begun, the sanitary and forming creaming of walnut is carried out. Some gardeners prefer to carry out a trimming of a nut in the second half of summer, because it is difficult to determine which of the shoots is too weak or frostpler. Walnut in the fall is cut into sanitary purposes, so that the plant does not feed in winter patients, dry and breakdown branches and shoots.
If you do not form a nut to form a nut, over time, large defects can manifest themselves with sharp corners, too long branches that have few side branches that die down due to thickened crown fruit shoots and many other troubles. The formation of walnut increases the quality and number of fruits and regulates the growth of the tree, which facilitates care for it.
For trimming - sanitary or forming - use a sterile and sharp knife or a secateur that makes cuts smooth, without burrs. The first time the walnut is cut when the tree reaches a height of 1.5 m. The tree stack should be 80-90 cm, and the crown is 50-60 cm. Forming a crown, there are no more than 10 skeletal branches on the tree, the shoots are shortened by 20 cm, and The stack is regularly cleaned from the pins. In order to lay the skeleton of the crown, you will need three or four years, but as soon as it is formed, you will only have to remove the gifts, competing and thickening the crown shoot.
In the spring, as soon as the weather is allowed, run a sanitary trim, removing all frostbed, sick, dry and incorrectly growing branches and shoots. Slices Thicker 7 mm Treat Garden Warr. Simultaneously with sanitary, the forming creation of walnuts is carried out.
If there was no appropriate care for a long time, with time, fruiting shifts to the periphery - the fruits are formed only in the upper parts of the crown. To fix this, you need to carry out a rejuvenating trimming of walnut.
Early spring spires located too high skeletal branches, after which the crown of the tree is strongly thinned to ensure the penetration of air and light into it. Cut branches in the locations of the side branch to direct their development not upwards, and on the parties. The influx of wood juices over time will cause the awakening of the kidneys, which will give new shoots, which will be formed by Krone.
During harvest, a walnut branch sometimes breaks or the shoots are inadvertently breaking. Some shoots can be amazed by a disease or pests, so after the leaffall it is desirable to conduct a sanitary trimming of patients broken, incorrectly growing and drying down, so that in winter the tree does not spend on them. Thick cuts after trimming are treated with garden water.
Spank walnut seeds and vegetatively - vaccinated. In order to carry out the vaccination of the varietal cutting, it is necessary to grown from seeds inhibition, so we describe you both methods of breeding walnut.
Growing the walnut of seeds is a long-term perspective. The seeds are advisable to harvest from healthy, yield trees growing in your area. Choose large fruits with an easily removed kernel. The maturity of the kernel is determined according to the condition of the octurizer - pericarp. If the pericard was cracking or it can be easily separated by making an incision, it means that the kernel is ripe. Nuts are freed from the ocopulodnik, and dried a week in the sun, and then transfer it to the room, where they dry at a temperature of 18-20 ºC. You can plant nuts in the same fall, and you can next in the spring, but then they need to strateg.
Tolstoke nuts are stratified 90-100 days at a temperature of from 0 to 7 ºC, and varieties with a shell of medium thickness and thin-skinned - month-to-one and a half at a temperature of 15-18 ºC. So that stratified nuts sprout faster, they are kept in wet sand at a temperature of 15-18 ºC, until they stick, and then sewn: those that taught themselves, sow less often, those that have not had time to have time. Sole walnut fruits when the soil warms up to 10 ºC. The distance between the seeds in the row is 10-15 cm, between the rows - 50 cm. The nuts of the average size are close to the ground to a depth of 8-9 cm, and those that are larger - by 10-11 cm.
Shoots begin to appear by the end of April. It germinates, as a rule, 70% of stratified nuts. When the seedlings are formed by two real leaves, they are planted in a shushk, pinning the tip of the central root. On the school bed, the seedlings grow slowly - in order to grow inhibition, you will need 2-3 years, and so that the full-fledged seedling can be grew to the garden, you will have to wait 5-7 years. You can speed up the process if the seedlings are not in the open soil, but in the greenhouse - under the film coating, it grows in a year, and a sapling in two years.
The vaccination of the walnut is carried out by the way of the eyepiece, but since the kidneys of this tree have quite large, large should be cut from a brought stalk and inserted under the bark of the shield to the shield so that it can provide eye with water and nutrients.
The problem is that even in conventional winter, almost all the kidneys who arrived in the autumn die in the cold due to the insufficient winter hardiness of the culture, so the eyeplaced seedlings need to dig after the leaf fall and maintain to spring in the basement at a temperature of about 0 ºC. In the spring, when the soil warms up to 10 ºC, the seedlings plant in the nursery. By the end of the vegetation, they can achieve 100-150 cm in growth, and they can be planted for a permanent place.
Walnut is sufficiently resistant to diseases, and to pests, but errors in the care and non-compliance of agrotechnology can lead to the fact that the tree will get sick. Most often walnut amazed:
Bacteriosis which is manifested by black spots on the leaves of the plant, which is why they are deformed and fall. Damaged fruit disease lose quality and, as a rule, no dose, fall. Less suffer from bacteriosis of a variety with a thick shell. Provoke the development of the disease rainy weather and nitrogen fertilizers. To cope with the disease, treat the tree before the flowering start with copper vitrios, burgundy liquid or other fungicide in two stages. In the fall, do not forget to harvest and remove from the area of \u200b\u200bthe fallen leaves of the nut;
Brown spotty or marsoniosis, Looks like brown stains, which with the development of the disease sprawl across the leaf. As a result, the affected foliage dry and prematurely falls. Fruit and affected by spotting fruits that did not have time to mature. Progresses the disease in crude weather. The affected leaves and shoots need to be removed from the tree until the disease was sprayed all over the nut. Revision Moisturizing Mode - You may have too often walked nuts.
The treatment of walnuts from spottedness is carried out by Vectra preparations (2-3 ml per 10 liters of water) and strides (4 g per 10 liters of water). The first processing is carried out as soon as the kidneys will be blossomed on the tree, the second time the walnut spray in the summer;
Root cancer Amazes the root walnut system. The causative agent of the disease penetrates the roots through cracks in the crust and wounds, forming convexighted growths. If the disease will enter full strengthThe tree may stop growth and fruiting, and in the most serious cases, walnut dries and dies. The growths on the tree must be opened, clean and processed by a single-surfactant solution of caustic soda, after which it is necessary to rinse the wounds with flowing water from the hose;
Bacterial burn Amazes leaves, flowers, kidneys, earrings and shoot walnuts. First on young leaflets of the plant appear reddish-brown, and on shoots - depressed black slotting stains leading to their death. The leaves and kidneys of male walnuts are darling and die away. Champs are also covered with black spots. The strongest outbreaks of the disease cause long rains. Infected parts of the plant must be cut and burned, and wounds to treat with one-surfactant solution of copper sulphate. Plant spray with copper-containing drugs.
From the pests of walnuts can hit the American white butterfly, apple-tree fruit, nut warthy tick, walnut moth and notch.
American white butterfly - one of the most dangerous insects, damaging almost all fruit crops. Over the growing season, it develops in two or three generations: the first generation leads its destructive activities in July-August, the second - in August and September, and the third - in September and October. The caterpillars of the American Butterfly will settle on the leaves and shoots of walnut and rapidly eat all his foliage.
To destroy the pest, it is necessary to burn the location of the accumulation of pupae and caterpillars, after which the tree is treated with one of the microbiological preparations - lepyocyde (25 g per 10 liters of water), cytoksisbacillin (50 g per 10 liters of water) or dendrobacillin (30 g on 10 liters of water) . The solution consumption is about 2-4 liters per tree. But in no case cannot be processed during flowering.
Walnut warthy tick It hurts predominantly to the young foliage, without touching the fruits, and most often it appears on the Walnut Walnut in the period of high humidity. It is possible to determine that the nut is occupied by the tick, it is possible on dark brown tubercles that appear on the leaves of the plant. Since the tick insect is spiderman, you can get rid of it by acaricide - actar, akarin or tickry, for example.
Apple She is walnut fruit It does not eat the leaves like other pests, but the fruits of the nut, penetrating inside and disrupting the kernel, why the fruits are prematurely falling. Over the growing season, it gives two generations: the first harm is harmful in May and June, the second - in August and September. So that the fruzens do not multiply, fancy traps attracting the males of frozhork on the trees. In addition, be sure to collect fallen nuts and destroy the fruit nests detected on the tree.
Nut Mole Laying in the leaves of "Mines" - her caterpillars feed on a juicy pulp of leaves from the inside, without damaging the skin. It is impossible to determine what the tree is affected by the moth by the presence of dark tubercles on the leaves. Destroy a nut mole of wood treatment with lepyocydom, and with total lesion, pyreteroids are used - decis, decamerin.
Aphid omnipresent, it is able to harm any plant, but the main danger is that it tolerates viral diseases from which there is no treatment. It makes no sense to apply on the occupied tool nut folk remedies, immediately resort to radical measures - wood processing by accomplishing, antitlin or biotlin.
Today there are many varieties of walnuts who have developed resistance to diseases, pests, frost and drought. Many of them are yields, and their fruits are distinguished by high quality. In terms of maturation of the variety of nuts, they are divided into early, ripening at the end of August or early September, the secondary, in the fruit of which ripeness comes from the middle to the end of September, and the late, which are removed in late September or early October. Scholars are engaged in the selection of walnut different countries - Known varieties of Ukrainian, Russian, Moldavian, American and Belarusian breeding.
We bring to your attention Description the best varieties, among which you will surely be able to choose a walnut, which many decades will be froning in the garden for you, your children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
Winter-hardy and yield early sort of Moldovan breeding, during the years with high humidity Air affected by brown spot. It has large fruits, up to 12 g weight, egg-shaped, with a middle thickness shell and a large core, easily separated from the shell.
Productive and winter-hardy late Moldavian variety, resistant to pests and marsoniosium, with large nuts in a thin, almost smooth shell, which is easily split and exempt the core of the whole or halves.
Frost-resistant and resistant brown spot variety of Moldovan selection with large nuts of the oblong-oval shape with a smooth, thin, easily splitting shell and fully removed from the healing core.
In addition to those described, the famous varieties of walnut Moldavian breeding include Kalarash, Korjoud, Kostyujunsky, Chisinau, Peschansky, River, Kogylnicha, Cossack, Brichenan, Faleshtsky, Yargarinsky and others.
Mid-life and late production varieties Ukrainian selection, resistant to Marsoniomios, with a relatively thin, but strong, easily splitting shell and fully separated core.
Stable yield and relatively resistant to the brown spotting Late variety of Ukrainian selection with a thin but strong shell and easily separated by the core.
Stable high-yielding mid-veterinary medieval variety, distinguished by frost resistance and high degree of resistance to marsoniode, with rounded, medium-sized fruits weighing from 11 to 13 g with thin but strong shell, thin internal partitionsnot preventing the branch of the nucleus.
Of the varieties derived in Ukraine, the high quality of fruits and resistance to unfavorable conditions also noted by Klyshkivsky, Bukovinsky bomb, Toporivsky, Chernivtsiy 1, Yarivsky and others.
From California varieties allocated to a special group are most famous:
Variety with very large fruits with almost black shells elevator elevated
High-threshold early California variety, known in two varieties: the first blooms simultaneously with all walnut trees, and the second is two weeks later, when the spring frost will remain behind. The fruits of this variety of the average size are enclosed in a thin white peel, the kernel is also white, excellent taste.
The high-yielding hybrid between Californian black walnut and black nut from the east of the United States, with large fruits in thick and durable shell, into which the kernels of high taste qualities are concluded.
Also high-strength variety with large fruits in very thick and strong shell with very tasty nuclei.
Selection works with these varieties are not discontinued - scientists continue attempts to obtain hybrids with a thinner shell.
Of the Soviet and Russian varieties are the most popular are:
In a special category, the walnut grads are allocated for which characteristic features There are a small height of trees, early ripening of fruits - in the second half of August or early September, entry into fruction from a three-year-old age and moderate frost resistance. The most famous of the amoplodic varieties are:
To famous in culture, the pupils of walnut are also the five-year plan, Favorite Petrosyan, Baikonur, Pinsk, Pelan, SOVOGO and memory of Minov.
The best and most often grown are varieties:
All parts of the plant contain biologically active substances. For example, the cortex includes triterpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, quinones and vitamin C. Walnut leaves contain aldehydes, alkaloids, carotene, tannins, kumarins, flavonoids, anthocyans, quinones, high aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolcarboxylic acids, vitamins C , Pp I. essential oil. And the flavored tissues include vitamin C, carotene, tannins, coumarins, quinones, phenolcarbonic and organic acids in their composition.
Vitamins C, B1, B2, PP, carotene and quinones were found in green fruits, and in mature - the same set of vitamins, sitosterols, quinones, tannils and fatty oil, including linoles, linolen, olein, palmitic acid, fiber, cobalt salts and iron.
Walnuts Shell contains phenolcarboxylic acids, coumarins, tanning substances, and thin peel, covering froth-steroids, coumarins, tannins and phenolcarboxylic acids.
The amount in the leaves of the vitamin C plant increases throughout the season and reaches its maximum in July. But the main value of the walnut leaves is a large number of carotene and vitamin B1, as well as the dyeing substance, the Yuglon, which has the same bactericidal action, and tanning substances.
Mature walnut fruits are not only a high-calorie food product, but also a highly active agent. Their caloric content is twice the indicator of the wheat bread of the highest grade. They are recommended for use for the prevention of atherosclerosis and with a lack of vitamins and salts of iron and cobalt. Oil and fiber included in the fruit makes them an excellent means of constipation.
The walrous walnut leaves are used for the treatment of gold and rickets in children. And the infusion of leaves is used to rinse the mouth with bleeding gums and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity.
Preparations from walnuts have a lining, astringent, anti-skileotic, anti-shine, sugar, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, laxative and epithelical actions.
The most valuable of all drugs is a walnut oil with high nutrition and valuable taste. It is prescribed to patients in the recovery period after suffering severe diseases and surgical operations. It includes unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, macro and trace elements, biologically active substances. A record amount of vitamin E contained in oil has a beneficial effect on the people of old age, especially those who suffer hypertension, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, chronic hepatitis, increased acidity of the gastric juice, thyroid hyperfunction. In addition, walnut oil protects the human body from carcinogens, increases the resistance of the organism of the radiation and displays radionuclides.
With the help of walnut butter, tuberculosis, inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, cracks, for a long time of non-healing ulcers, eczema, psoriasis, varicose veins and furunculosis are long-term.
Scientists of the University of California experienced practically proved that after the patients of the month were eaten by walnut oil, cholesterol content in their blood stopped growing and remained at the same level for several months. A walnut oil is prescribed in chronic arthritis, burns, ulcers, chronic colitis with constipation, diseases of the stomach and intestines. It is recommended to pregnant and nursing mothers.
The use of walnut and drugs from it to people with individual intolerance to the product is contraindicated. Patients with psoriasis, neurodermitomit and eczema should consume walnuts or drugs from it under the supervision of a doctor, since the product can cause them to exacerbate the disease. People with the diseases of the pancreas and intestines, as well as those who have increased blood clotting, consuming in food walnuts is contraindicated. The overeating of the product may cause edema of the throat, strong headaches and inflammation of almonds. The daily norm of walnuts for a healthy person is 100 g per day.
60 5 1 Walnut: Growing in the garden 4.4833333333333 Rating 4.48 (60 votes (s))
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To avoid disappointments and do not harm your garden, it is important to know how to plant a walnut right. This tree is a long-lived, so you have to think if there is a place on the site suitable for him, take into account all the nuances in its development. Attentive approach to this issue is the key to excellent crop in a few years.
Walnut is a tall tree. If proper care is performed in the garden, it can stretch to 20 meters in height. Its crown stretched, with a diameter of up to 15 meters, the branches are diverted from the trunk at right angles.
The root system of walnut is powerful. The first 3 years is growing the main root. It is a rod, penetrates the soil. For 4-5, lateral roots begin to develop, which rushed in all directions and diverge at a distance of 5-6 meters from the main root. They are located shallow, 30-50 cm from the soil surface. For centenary, the roots occupy space with a diameter of about 20 meters. A developed root system allows an adult tree to easily carry insufficient watering and small precipitation.
If walnut cut and leave a stump, there will begin to grow a lot of frisches from it, which starts fruit for 2-3 years. If necessary, get rid of the old stump it will have to harde. From the roots of the pigs does not grow.
Blossom begins in the spring, at the beginning or middle of May. At the same time, flowers and leaves bloom. Perhaps repeated bloom in June, most often it happens in the southern or middle lane. Men's flowers collected in earrings several pieces appear on the nut on the nuts, and female - at the ends of one-year escapes. They are pollinated by the wind.
Nuts are ready to collect in September or October, fruits from one tree may differ in taste and size.
We conclude seeds or grafted seedlings.
Planning the cultivation of the walnut in the garden, it is necessary to take into account the following.
Best of all growing nut wood is carried out at the Far End of the Garden. On the spacious plot it will be able to fully develop and does not prevent other plants. In a small garden, planting a walnut is undesirable.
Walnut is a thermal-loving plant. Effective cultivation is possible in the southern regions.
In the middle strip, the tree is good and fruits and fruits, but only if the winter temperature does not fall below -25 °. With severe frosts, the tree dies.
In the Leningrad region, the walnut in the form of a tree does not grow. Fruit is not regular. If part of the branches in the winter will get out, no nuts will not be nuts.
Summer heat Adult plants tolerates easily thanks to the developed root system. Young trees under 5 years old required watering 2-3 times a month, during drought - more often.
The cultivation of seeds will be successful if nuts assembled last year are used. This method has a number of minuses:
If the seeds are planned to germinate in the spring, then they must pass stratification. Nuts bury in the container with wet soil Or sand and placed in a cold place where the temperature is 4-6 °. The soil and sand should be warm up in the oven or disinfection with a weak solution of manganese.
That's right, if pre-nuts are sorted. Tolstoyed sends to stratification 3 months before disembarking, and with a thin shell - for 2. Care of seeds during stratification is to maintain sand in a wet state and temperature control.
Seeds are advised to take from trees growing in the same area where a new plant is planned. If there is no such possibility, then buy them from proven sellers. Only last year's high quality nuts possess a good germination.
In the soil planted in April. It is important that the soil is heated to 10 °. Groke must prepare in advance.
The depth of planting is from 5 to 8 cm, depending on the size of the seed. The distance between nuts is 30 cm. Correctly lay a root, longitudinal furrowing down. They are gluable quickly, within 5-10 days. Shoots grow first vigorously, but when 15 cm reaches, growth slows down. Begins to form a stem.
You can accelerate the growth of seedlings if the seeds are sown in the greenhouse. The period of preparation of seedlings is reduced three times.
Care for seedlings and in open soil, and in the greenhouse is simple: watering, weeding, loosening. Care can be facilitated by mulching, it reduces the frequency of irrigation, does not allow weeds to grow.
You can accelerate the fruiting of trees grown from nuts with vaccination. To carry out this procedure correctly, you need to wait when the age of seedlings (stock) will reach 2 or 3 years.
The best time for vaccination is February, when there has not yet begun. The lead must be taken in the nursery of its region, from the parent plant adapted to the climate. We are instilled in splitting.
Grafted seedlings can be planted for a permanent place for the second year after vaccination.
The seedling time for a permanent place depends on the region.
In the southern lane, the best period is autumn. Walnut before the winter will have to root, not spending strength on the extension of green mass. In the fall, care for it is minimal - no exhausting heat, soil moistened, not required for a weeding and loosening.
If in the south of the nut put in spring, he will not have time to grow and dying from the summer heat. To preserve such a seedling in the summer, a lot of effort will have to spend on additional care, which consists in constant watering with warm water.
In the middle strip, the seedlings are planted only in the spring, so that they are rooted and stained by autumn.
Pits should be 50x50 cm in size, the same depth. Fill them with fertile soil, humid and wood ashes are added.
The center of the pit is driven by a peg for support. In the first three years, the central rod root is developing, and the side, which support the tree in the soil, is very small. A seedling without a support can suffer from the wind.
In the soil, the plant deepens so that the root neck is at the ground level.
Good care is needed in the first three years after disembarking at a permanent place. Feeding is carried out twice: phosphoric and potash fertilizers contribute in the fall, and in spring period Nitrogen is needed for increasing the aboveground part. The soil must be wet, but not wet. Between irrigations, the soil must dry slightly.
Upon reaching the age of age, when fruiting comes, nitrogen fertilizers reduce or make every three years. Water only in the arid period.
Remove branches that bent down, crossed or directed inside.
Walnut is almost not subject to disease and pest attack.
Walnut is an easy-to-go tree, which at the reaches of 4-5 years almost does not require special attention.
You can accelerate the production of a crop if planted seedlings purchased in a nursery or vaccinated yourself. In order to get fruit from a tree grown from seeds, you will have to gain patience and wait at least 10 years.
Walnut is a favorite of a large garden, which looks beautiful as a single plant. In a small garden, he will also grow, but destroy all the trees and shrubs growing with him nearby.
We all love useful and delicious nucleoli walnuts. But I would like the fruits to bring to us not from afar, and there was an opportunity to grow it in the middle lane of Russia. And now there are varieties for growing walnut in a cold climate.
Walnut - large tree With a huge life expectancy (several hundred years). Its height is 25-35 m. Big, wide crown covered complex leaves. The trunk is thick, with sulfur bark covered with cracks. The plant is one-bedroom, separation, on which men's and women's flowers are located. Shopping. Fruit covered with thick, fleshy skin, false kitchen. Under it is a useful core (80% of the weight of the nut), which is used in food.
It is interesting! As a rule, there is little vegetation next to the tree. This is due to the fact that the roots identify a special substance, due to which the growth of other plants is inhibited.
4 forms of walnut are isolated: English or Persian, White, The black, Japanese. All of them are representatives of this. Walnut.
As for varieties, the South Walnut Culture, imported by their Central Asia. And for a long time it was believed that His habitat is the warm areas of our country. Today, the market already has varieties of winter-hard-resistant, yields, practically not affected by pests and diseases that can be grown in the middle lane of Russia and the Moscow region.
It is important that walnut stepped beyond their habitats. Short stature, good yield, frost resistance makes a culture available for the middle strip of Russia.
The best way to reproduction is to obtain culture from seeds. In this case, you can be sure which fruits will get in the end. Take a tree and collect several copies of fruits from it. The seedlove grown from such fruits will be well acclimatized to local conditions.
Attention! To raise the harvest, it is worth landing not one tree. The distance between the seedlings is 5 m. Take into account that after the time of the Crohn, it will start. The slopes are allowed a more dense landing - after 3.5 m.
Winged walnut should be planted on solar places. In relation to soils, the plant is unpretentious. His "arrange" different types Soils and diverse terrain. But you do not need to plant on a marshy, sandy and poorly aerated territories. It is an undesirable to be groundwater.
Technology landing Next:
The first fruits should appear after 4 years.
Walnut - landing and care
Plant is not demanding about care. While it is small, you can grow vegetable cultures between the trees.
Conditions for culture |
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Twice a month should be watered as soon as the plant went into growth. During the drought period, when drying the soil of watering is also important. On a tree - 30 liters. Water on m². |
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Subordinate | Culture feather 2 times a year: nitrogen - we introduce the spring, potash and phosphate - in the autumn period. |
Temperature mode | Walnut loves a warm climate with a gradual transition to winter peace. Modern varieties can withstand more continental climate and low temperatures. But with spring frosts, young shoots and fruit buds can be damaged. |
Plant walnut better on smooth surface. The slopes are suitable, but the bias is not more than 10⁰. The slopes prefers the southern and southwestern. |
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The wind is necessary for pollination, but landing should be protected from strong winds. |
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Crown Pruning and Forming | It is important to lay the first branches of the skeletal tier. When trimming, leave 4 branches in different areas at an angle of 45⁰. Young, stramblies are removed. In the future, the tree is formed independently. Only sanitary trimming will be needed. |
Attention! Nitrogen fertilizers should be made with great care, as they are able to cause the development of bacterial diseases. At the beginning of the growth of a sapling should not be made at all.
There are cases when walnut does not be fruitful, and there is the reasons:
Get a new plant can seeds, vegetatively, vaccinated.
Before planting, the seeds are soaked in water, and then in the Rosto-Zirkon preparation for 3 days. Space in April, when the soil warms up to 10⁰c in pre-prepared fertile soil. The depth of planting is 10 cm.
When landing, we do not throw a nut, but set sideways on the edge. Under the "open-air" growth is slow, much faster saplings grow in film greenhouses. Interestingly, according to its qualities, they can exceed the parent plant.
Walnuts can be multiplied by terrestrial shoots that grow in the root cervice area. Development goes much faster than the seedlings. Fruption occurs for 3-4 years. If we breed with cuttings, then use shoots this year. Landing - the end of April or November.
A 2-year-old seedlings are used as a flow. Grafs are carried out in March. In the northern regions, seedlings are grown in tanks, leave in December in the warm room. And put in February. The landing in the open ground is made in May. In this case, the method of reproduction is fully preserved the qualities of the "maternal" plant.
It is important! Seeds must undergo a period of stratification (preparation for sowing). It will take from 2 to 3 months (depending on the shell thickness), all this time the nuts will spend in the wet sand in a cool place. A month before landing, the nuts are transferred to heat, where it is withstanding in water and growth stimulants.
Compared to other trees, walnut is less likely to be amazed by pests and diseases. But nevertheless, some "Garden Friends" visit him:
The tree may be sick and physiological reasons: poor soil, lack of light, excess moisture, spring frost, poor care.
Most often walnut amazed, bacterial burn, bacteriosis, root cancer.
Winter-hardy varieties we got, but winter are low and cold, and the tree needs shelter.
Even before frosts, it is necessary to wind the root neck, trunk and skeletal branches. It can be insulated with agrofiber, burlap, tol, linoleum. The base can be covered with sweetheart and coniferous branches. It will protect the tree from severe frost and winds. Spring tree will be healthy and ready for fruiting.
It is important! When snow falls, they need to throw walnut to skeletal branches, closing the entire trunk. Top to throw the bag. So the tree will take the winter better. In addition, the root system will not suffer.
The beneficial properties are obvious, since the fruit contains:
In addition, the walnut increases the potency in men, it has a relaxing effect, it has a positive effect on the work of the brain due to the high protein content. Calorie fetal - 653 kcal / 100 g.
Attention! Caloric product, consume it moderately. To support health and well-being enough to eat on the day of 7 nuts.
In the green (unhealthy) nuts core and soft skin. The collection of such fruits is carried out in May. They are pierced with a needle and, if juice flows out of the hole, you can start collecting. The fact is that the misappropriate fruits are very helpful, they are rich in many substances and are widely used in folk medicine. In the cooking of them are preparing compotes, marinades, jam.
Video about landing walnut and care
Now with the advent frost-resistant varieties Walnut every gardener can grow in her site this very useful and delicious walnut. Use information from our article and everything will turn out!
