Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for a woman to underestimate the effect of chlamydia on pregnancy. Even if conception required some effort, this does not always imply that the pregnant woman will become responsible for her health and the condition of the fetus. And since chlamydia is not included in the list of diseases for which examination is mandatory during pregnancy, sometimes it becomes known about it too late in order to prevent pathologies of fetal development.
Quite often, you can find the question of whether the probability of conception and the presence of chlamydia in the body are interrelated. First of all, it is important to know that neglected chlamydia is one of the most common causes of female infertility, so conception may not occur at all. Since the disease is often asymptomatic, it is detected precisely when a woman goes to the doctor with complaints about the impossibility of conceiving a child. Of course, the first thing that a doctor prescribes for infertility is an examination for genital infections, as a result of which the cause is often indicated - chlamydia.
However, the fact that the disease can proceed without specific signs provokes another problem. The fact is that the effect of chlamydia on the fetus is very negative, and a woman who does not suspect that she has a disease at an early stage does not have any problems with conception - problems begin much later. Therefore, knowing how chlamydia affects the fetus, you should take maximum care to exclude or treat it before conception.
Contrary to popular belief, the rapid conception of a child does not mean the gynecological health of the expectant mother. In fact, only isolated diseases of the female genital area can prevent conception, moreover, for this they must be in a rather neglected form. But given that medications do not affect the child much better than any disease, the optimal solution will still be a full examination before conception, and subsequently - compliance with preventive measures in order to avoid contracting sexually transmitted infections, including chlamydia.
The successful conception of a child is just not a reason to breathe calmly and decide that the most difficult thing is over (and this is what those who have not been able to get pregnant sometimes believe). Ahead is the most difficult and responsible period - pregnancy: several tens of weeks, during which a woman is responsible not only for her life and health, but also for the development of the fetus. At this time, the negative influence of any external factors should be avoided, one of which is taking medications, in particular antibiotics, which cannot be dispensed with in the treatment of chlamydia.
Talking about how chlamydia affects pregnancy, it is important to consider the situation from two positions at once: what harm the fetus receives from the infection itself and what threatens it as a result of antibiotic therapy. Unfortunately, neither in the first nor in the second case, not a single doctor will give one hundred percent guarantee that everything will be successful and the child will be born absolutely healthy. However, given that the effect of chlamydia on pregnancy can be deplorable - in other words, cause its premature termination, you should still trust the doctor and undergo the prescribed treatment.
Unfortunately, much more has been said about the harmful effect of antibiotics on the development of the fetus than about what threatens the developing life if the mother is sick with chlamydia. Therefore, it is often possible to meet pregnant women who refuse to treat genital infections, arguing that the probability of infection of the fetus is not one hundred percent, but the harm from antibacterial drugs has been scientifically proven. Therefore, there is only one advice: before making a decision to refuse treatment, find out from specialists whether chlamydia affects pregnancy and how exactly.
In order to accurately answer the question of how chlamydia affects the fetus, you need to know not just the test results of a pregnant woman, but a number of nuances. This is due to the fact that the harm from infection will differ depending on how long the woman fell ill, whether she has concomitant diseases and how effectively her immunity works. It is believed that the fetus may suffer the most if the infection occurred before the tenth week of pregnancy: at this time there is still no natural barrier against diseases - the placenta, and therefore - all pathogenic microorganisms go to the fetus.
The result of such an influence can be both intrauterine developmental pathologies and its death - a miscarriage or a frozen pregnancy. Unfortunately, the effect of chlamydia on the fetus is not completely excluded when a woman is infected at a later date. Chlamydiae are very small bacteria, so they can be passed from the mother to the fetus along with the bloodstream. However, the likelihood of pathological changes in the embryo or its death will be lower if the infection of the pregnant woman occurred after the tenth week. However, treatment is the only way to prevent serious intrauterine pathologies. And taking into account the possibilities of modern pharmacology, the harm from the drugs used is usually minimal (with the correct selection).
During pregnancy, almost any disease can cause serious anxiety and discomfort for the expectant mother. Such a pathological condition as is no exception.
Chlamydia refers to a number of intracellular pathogens that can cause infectious diseases with various manifestations in animals and humans.
People are mainly affected by 2 types of chlamydia, only one of which is sexually transmitted, provoking an inflammatory process in the urogenital organs. This is chlamydia trachomatis.
Chlamydia appears in the human body through close contact with the mucous surfaces of the carrier of the infection. After some time, they are introduced into epithelial cells and immune cells. In them, pathogens can exist for a long time (up to 6 years).
This disease very often proceeds with absolutely no symptoms. Approximately 67% of women do not have any suspicions of infection. In other cases, the ailment somehow manifests itself, but does not have vivid symptoms.
Mucous or mucopurulent vaginal discharge may be found that differs from normal with an unpleasant odor or yellowish color.
In the area of the external and internal genital organs, a pregnant woman may experience itching, burning and mild pain. Chlamydia can manifest as uncomfortable sensations in the lower abdomen.
Before pregnancy, the disease can manifest itself with intermenstrual bleeding and increased pain before critical days. A slight increase in temperature and general weakness are also possible.
All of the above signs can be noted not only in the case of chlamydia, but also in any infection of the genitourinary system. There is no specific sign that will accurately determine the presence of chlamydia.
With poor-quality or untimely treatment, chlamydia can cause serious complications.
How chlamydia affects pregnancy:
Early infection of a pregnant woman can have dire consequences for the child and the mother-to-be herself. The worst thing is stopping the development of the fetus inside the womb or miscarriage.
This is due to the fact that the disease leads to placental insufficiency, which causes disturbances in the supply of oxygen to the baby. Lack of oxygen is called hypoxia. It can provoke the most serious consequences, which depend on the severity. Even a moderate lack of oxygen can cause damage to systems and individual organs.
In a favorable case, the newborn child may have a slight muscle tone. The most serious consequences can be severe damage to the nervous system. With severe hypoxia, the fetus will die.
Also, the effect of chlamydia can manifest itself as a disruption in the supply of nutrients to the child. In this case, there is a risk that he will be born with iron deficiency anemia, vitamin deficiency, and underweight.
In the later stages, a child can be infected with chlamydia. Very often, the infection affects the pancreas, kidneys, and liver. The harm can be reduced by treatment, which must be started as soon as possible.
Congenital chlamydia can manifest itself:
After childbirth, usually from 2 to 6 weeks, endometritis is often observed in a mother with chlamydia. In this case, inflammatory phenomena are not pronounced.
The only sign of inflammation of the uterine mucosa is often a prolonged, but slight increase in temperature (subfebrile fever) with a delayed reverse development of the uterus.
According to statistics, in women infected with chlamydia, endometritis after childbirth occurs 300% more often than in the case of infection with other STIs. In addition, chronic chlamydia of the uterus and appendages (salpingoopharitis, endometritis) can further reduce the patency of the fallopian tubes, as well as cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
It is not difficult to detect infections that provoke this disease. Chlamydia can be detected by serological and immunological studies. First, the doctor takes biomaterials (discharge from the vagina, cervix, urethra).
Sometimes you need to find out if the fetus has been infected. For this purpose, an analysis of the amniotic fluid is carried out. With the help of a study of amniotic fluid, it is possible to timely identify the existing danger and protect the child from negative consequences. This is a safe procedure, the fence is carried out under continuous ultrasound monitoring of the child's condition. Of course, there is some risk, but it is minimal.
As medical practice shows, in patients diagnosed with chlamydia, and are often found. It is for this reason that additional diagnostics are prescribed to determine cytomegalovirus, gonococci, herpes virus, syphilis, HIV and mycoplasma (including ureaplasma). Only this will give the doctor the opportunity to prescribe a competent complex treatment.
Before proceeding directly to the treatment of chlamydia, it is important to identify pathologies of a non-infectious nature (chronic diseases of the liver, kidneys, etc.). This is necessary because the course of therapy may include drugs that can significantly worsen the condition of a pregnant woman if she has disturbances in the work of internal organs.
The entire period of treatment, the patient should remain under the supervision of a specialist. When the symptoms disappear, some patients stop taking medications on their own, which is a serious mistake - the remaining microbes acquire resistance to the drug used. This greatly complicates the complete cure of the disease.
Also an important factor in treatment is the state of pregnancy itself. Not all medications that help get rid of chlamydia are approved for use by pregnant women. So, for example, women in a position are prohibited from antibiotics of the tetracycline group due to possible side effects.
The safest drugs are antibiotics of the macrolide group. However, even they can have side effects and jeopardize the health of the mother and child, therefore, they are allowed only as directed by the attending physician.
Chlamydia is treated in various ways:
Immunomodulatory drugs are not always prescribed for chlamydia. They are recommended for patients with disorders of the immune system, which are detected through laboratory tests. Based on the data of the immunological examination, the attending physician may prescribe drugs that increase immunity.
Enzymes play an important role in treatment:
In addition, enzymes enhance the effect of antibiotics, increasing their concentration in the blood by 20-40% and ensuring, at a lower dosage, the transfer of large doses to the affected internal organs and cells. It should also be noted that enzymes have a beneficial effect on peripheral circulation.
After the completion of the course of treatment, enzymes and vitamins are prescribed to stimulate regeneration.
After the cure of chlamydia in pregnant women, control tests are mandatory. For greater reliability and confirmation of the results, several types of studies are carried out.
2 weeks after the completion of the course, you can sowing... This method should not be 100% trusted, since it can give a false negative result (show the complete cure of the disease in the presence of chlamydia in the body).
Control methods of verification can be Mutual fund (direct immunofluorescence) or PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Studies can be carried out 3 weeks - a month after the completion of the course of treatment. Sometimes these tests give a false positive result - they show the presence of chlamydia in the body when cured. This is due to the fact that when the above methods are applied and an infection is detected, an appropriate signal is given, but it is impossible to identify whether the pathogens are alive or dead.
Chlamydia can cause serious harm to a woman's body. Most often, the infection disrupts the functioning of internal organs, but does not manifest itself with pronounced symptoms.
The question often arises whether pregnancy is possible after chlamydia. It should be noted that a woman does not always succeed in getting pregnant, since the infection can provoke irreversible consequences leading to the inability to conceive a child. There is also a risk of ectopic pregnancy when the fetus develops in the fallopian tube.
Pregnancy and previous chronic chlamydia is a rather complex combination, since the disease can lead to endometriosis- inflammatory processes of the external and internal uterine membranes. Endometriosis can deprive the fetus of its ability to attach to the walls of the uterus, making it less likely to become pregnant.
If a woman has completely recovered and she did not have any complications, then there should be no difficulties with pregnancy.
Any disease is easier to prevent than to cure later. Prevention of chlamydia is almost identical to the steps that should be taken to prevent other genital infections.
The best way to avoid chlamydia from entering the body is to change sexual behavior. Sexual contact with strangers should be avoided. If there is no complete confidence in a man, it is necessary to use a condom during sex. When using contraceptives, the risk of infection will be minimal.
Another preventive measure is a visit to a specialist and regular tests. This should be done at least several times a year if there are several sexual partners or if the woman is not sure about the health of her only partner. Timely diagnosis and the appointment of adequate treatment will provide reliable protection.
Tests for various sexually transmitted infections, including chlamydia, must be taken by both men and women when planning a pregnancy. If pathogenic microorganisms are found that provoke this disease, it is necessary to undergo a course of treatment before conception. This approach to the health of the unborn child is the best measure for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
In conclusion, it should be noted that chlamydia is a fairly common pathology during pregnancy. According to statistics, this disease is diagnosed in 10% of pregnant women.
Also susceptible to chlamydia are women who have had earlier miscarriages, inflammation of the appendages, infertility. In this case, the probability of contracting this infection is about 65%. It is for this reason that any expectant mother should remember the risk that this pathology carries.
Pregnancy is a period of high tension of the woman's immune system, so any diseases at this time, as a rule, reach significant development. Chlamydia in this regard is no exception, its course and consequences are somewhat different during the perinatal period.
The disease can be present in the body for a long time in a depressed state, but the activity of pathology in this particularly crucial period can entail various consequences that are undesirable for both the expectant mother and the fetus.
The causative agent is a bacterium of the genus Chlamydia - Chlamydia trachomatis. In the human body, it can be present in two forms:
Sometimes an exceptional form of existence is observed, when chlamydia are contained inside the cells, but do not multiply. In this state, they are extremely difficult to identify with the help of tests, and this form is difficult to cure.
The full life cycle with the alternation of both stages lasts 2-3 days, depending on the strain, so the ability to infect appears quite often.
According to the international systematics of diseases, chlamydia is assigned to the group "Diseases caused by chlamydia" and has the code A74.
Bacteria enter the body of an uninfected woman through the cells of the columnar epithelium through direct contact with a sick person. They can exist in the cells of the body for a long time - 5-6 years.
Human defense mechanisms react to the introduction of a foreign biomaterial by increasing the production of leukocytes, which entails signs of an inflammatory reaction. The strength of these reactions differs depending on the individual characteristics of the person.
A woman is able to become infected both before pregnancy and directly while carrying a child. There are several ways of transmission of a bacterial infection:
Since the carrier is capable of not knowing about his disease for a long time, at this time he is an active distributor of chlamydia, without taking measures to protect the sexual partner.
This bacterial infection usually does not interfere with the onset of pregnancy, but if a woman knows that she is infected, then at the time of planning she must undergo treatment, the effectiveness of which will be confirmed by tests.
In the event that infection is detected already in the perinatal period, you should not despair, since timely treatment reduces the risks of possible problems.
The incubation of chlamydia lasts from 5 days to a month, after which the active stage begins. An alternative course of the disease implies its latent presence in the body, which manifests itself only after a significant weakening of the immune defense. Pregnancy is just one of the factors that reduce the defenses of the immune system, so many who were infected before this period may show symptoms of the presence of chlamydia in any trimester.
Symptoms depend on the course of the inflammatory process, which can be acute or chronic.
There are no characteristic symptoms of the acute period, which would clearly indicate chlamydia, with this disease, therefore, a number of signs are considered:
In a chronic course, the following symptoms may be observed:
In addition, a pregnant woman with chlamydia is usually more prone to colds, after which complications often occur.
Pathology in the perinatal period almost always develops bilaterally and can have a negative effect both on the functioning of the pregnant woman's body and on the development of the fetus.
The main danger for a woman carrying a child is that her immunity at this time is in a tense state, so the possible consequences often develop much faster than other people.
The main complications of chlamydia in the perinatal period are:
An infection in a baby's body can occur in one of the following ways:
The main danger to the embryo is the ability of chlamydia to disrupt the structure and function of the placenta, which provides nutrition to the fetus. If its function is disturbed, the child's hypoxia is observed, which directly affects the formation of his body and all organs.
For a developing child, the degree of danger is determined by the moment of infection of the mother. If the infection is present in the early stages, then the death of the embryo often occurs, and in the case of a later infection, the development of intrauterine abnormalities in the formation of organs and structures of the fetus.
The following complications are possible:
After birth, a baby, in whose body the disease continues to develop, may lag behind in physical and mental development. In addition, such children often have pneumonia or encephalitis in the neonatal period, eye lesions, pharyngitis, otitis media, etc.
In the most severe cases, the death of the child occurs after childbirth.
The earlier the disease is detected, the lower the risk of complications for both the woman and the baby.
When diagnosing chlamydia, it must be borne in mind that the clinical picture of this pathology practically does not differ from a number of other sexually transmitted diseases and from some infectious diseases of the urinary system. Due to this circumstance, it is often during the diagnosis that they try to identify all possible pathologies.
Analyzes are divided into those that allow you to identify the pathogen in the mother's body, and those that can be used to establish whether the embryo is infected.
A woman is diagnosed by the following methods:
Sometimes it happens that the pathogen is not found in all analyzes or only in a certain type of biomaterial. This is due to the fact that infectious agents at the time of collection of samples for analysis can only be present in an intracellular or extracellular form. It is for this reason that, if chlamydia is suspected, an experienced specialist is not limited to one diagnostic method.
To confirm infection of the fetus, amniotic fluid is taken. This is done under stationary conditions after disinfection of the abdominal skin. A needle is inserted into the cavity of the fetal bladder, through which a small amount of amniotic fluid (20-30 ml) is taken.
In order not to harm the child, the manipulation is monitored using ultrasound. Sampling takes a few minutes and does not require anesthesia, since it is close to a blood test in terms of pain intensity.
Therapy of pregnant women with chlamydia is more difficult, since the choice of drugs and techniques is predetermined by the characteristics of the perinatal period. Of the existing medicines, you can use only those that are allowed for pregnant women.
Treatment is selected exclusively by a professional, since the means and dosages differ depending on the trimester.
In the fight against pathology, 2 different methods are used:
Of all antibiotic drugs, the macrolide group is most often chosen because of the minimal effect on the course of embryogenesis. The dosage and frequency of use is prescribed by the doctor, based on whether the treatment is being carried out for a single infection or several of them, whether the woman is allergic to this drug, and also depending on a whole list of factors. As an antibiotic, Klacid, Rulid, Josamycin, etc. are prescribed.
An integrated approach includes the use of antibiotics, drugs to improve immunity and enzyme-containing drugs. This approach is less dangerous for pregnancy.
Immunomodulators are not always used, but only for people with identified disorders of the immune system, confirmed by clinical studies. Such drugs are taken starting from the 25th week of gestation.
Enzymes increase the density of cell membranes, which makes it harder for the pathogen to spread throughout the body. The same funds reduce the allergic attitude to antibiotics, have a decongestant effect and increase the concentration of the main active substance of the antibiotic group in the blood.
Chlamydia treatment rules:
After the end of the course, vitamins are usually prescribed to improve recovery and regeneration after the disease.
To confirm the effectiveness of therapy, it is necessary to re-undergo the diagnosis no earlier than a month after the last antibiotic intake.
In order not to face this pathology, which can have a negative impact on the formation of the baby, it is necessary to prepare for the moment of conception.
During the planning period for pregnancy, expectant parents need to be tested for the presence of this infection. Both parents should do this - both the man and the woman.
If the pathology is identified, it must be cured. It is much easier to do this if the pregnancy has not yet begun, since the list of drugs is much wider, and they are much more effective in action.
After healing and removing the antibiotic from the body, you can safely become pregnant and not be afraid for the baby's health.
In the video, doctors talk about the development of chlamydia in women and its effect on health.
Examination during pregnancy reveals various infections and often sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A pregnant woman is already very vulnerable during this period, and such an infectious disease adds problems to her and the unborn baby. Chlamydia, or chlamydial infection, is one such disease that is sexually transmitted and complicates the life of the expectant mother.
Chlamydial infection, chlamydia is a contagious disease from the STI group. It causes inflammation of the genitourinary system, eyes, joints, respiratory tract, large intestine, and can also affect several organs simultaneously: the urethra, the conjunctiva of the eyes, the synovial membranes of the joints. A feature of chlamydia is a long period of development of the disease and mild manifestations.
This is a fairly common disease. And if among infectious diseases of the genital organs, STIs account for about 80% of cases, then in 60% it is chlamydial infection.
It is found everywhere around the world among people of different ages. It is registered more often than gonorrhea.
This is facilitated by the fact that sexual behavior has changed in recent decades:
And this is complemented by the fact that the disease itself develops slowly (20-30 days) and is often asymptomatic.
Chlamydia trachomatis, a microorganism from the genus Chlamydia, affects the genitourinary tract. This spherical, immobile pathogen lives inside the cells of the human body, which is important when choosing a treatment. Outside the body, it ceases to be infectious after 1–1.5 days.
Chlamydia is dying:
At the same time, it was found that in a humid environment they remain infectious for up to two days at a temperature of 19–20 degrees, this is important when the infection is spread not sexually.
Chlamydia can only be infected from a person who has this infection in the body. Moreover, he (a person) is contagious regardless of whether symptoms of the disease appear or not (asymptomatic course).
Most of the infection occurs through sexual contact, with women being more susceptible.
In pregnant women, chlamydia spreads from mother to fetus either in the prenatal period or during childbirth.
Rarely, but chlamydia spreads through personal belongings, household items, by contact, that is, by the so-called contact-everyday way. For example, you can get infected in a public sauna or bath, if you do not observe personal hygiene and use other people's things (washcloths, towels), since chlamydia in an active state in a humid environment live up to two days. Even through hands that are contaminated with chlamydial secretions, the infection can penetrate the eyes and genitals. 
The main route of entry of chlamydia into the human body is sexual
Since there are no specific symptoms that characterize chlamydia of the genitourinary organs, including in pregnant women, therefore, there are no characteristic complaints, and the diagnosis is made on the basis of laboratory parameters indicating the presence of chlamydia.
If pathogens are found in pregnant women in the cervix, more precisely, in the mucous membrane of the cervical canal, then this is chlamydial cervicitis - inflammation in the vaginal segment of the cervix. It usually appears no earlier than 1-3 weeks after infection.
In the acute course of chlamydial cervicitis, manifestations are insignificant in the form of:
In chronic - the course is completely asymptomatic. 
The mucous membrane of the cervical canal is a favorite site of localization in chlamydia
If the cervix and urethra are simultaneously affected, then acute urethral syndrome develops.
It manifests itself in infected pregnant women:
Additionally, they have:
When chlamydia moves up the genitals, the uterus, appendages, and ovaries are affected.
Chlamydial endometritis is inflammation in the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium), more common after childbirth or abortion.
Inflammation in the inner lining of the uterus In the acute course of endometritis, it is characteristic:
In chronic course - symptoms are not pronounced, blurred.
In the early stages of pregnancy, up to 12-16 weeks of gestation, the most common complications are:
At a later date after the 16th week, the main complications are associated with infection with chlamydia of the placenta, amniotic membranes. Chlamydial infection does not cause true malformations directly in the fetus, for example, as in syphilis. But it is the reason for the infection of the unborn child in the womb. And after birth, such babies almost always develop into chlamydial conjunctivitis, rhinopharyngitis, pneumonia and other complications.
Chlamydial bodies are found in all tissues of the placenta and, in particular, in the lumen of the chorionic vessels (the embryonic part of the placenta), which contributes to the transmission of infection from mother to fetus through the blood.
In the placenta of pregnant women, chlamydia contributes to the development of disorders that cause placental insufficiency, that is, due to circulatory disorders, the functions of the placenta suffer: the transfer of nutrients, respiratory, excretory, hormonal, protective. And as a consequence, damage in the mother-placenta-fetus system. 
Placental insufficiency contributes to developmental delay and oxygen starvation in the fetus
When the amniotic membranes become infected, it develops:
Most often, a baby becomes infected (40–70%) during childbirth when it passes through an infected birth canal. In these babies, the conjunctiva of the eyes, the nasopharyngeal mucosa are mainly affected and develops, rhinopharyngitis and pneumonia. Less commonly, chlamydia causes gastroenteritis, inflammation of the rectum (proctitis), in girls, inflammation of the labia minora (vulvitis), inflammation of the urethra (urethritis) in boys.
Women who have had chlamydia are more likely to develop an ectopic pregnancy. Basically, this is a tubal pregnancy, that is, a fertilized egg is embedded not in the lining of the uterus, but in the fallopian tube, which leads to the death of the fetus in the future. 
Severe complication of chlamydia
Chlamydial infection is known to cause scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes, which in some cases leads to infertility.
Since there are no characteristic manifestations of the infection and often it is asymptomatic, and the pathogen is detected only by laboratory methods, the following are subject to mandatory examination for chlamydia:
At the same time, the risk group for the development of chlamydial infection includes:
When examining a pregnant woman in the mirrors, an obstetrician-gynecologist often detects signs of cervicitis. Sometimes manifestations of infection are mild or absent. With unexpressed inflammation, which is accompanied by pain when urinating, discomfort or soreness in the lower abdomen and in the perineum, it is recommended that the pregnant woman undergo an examination for chlamydia.
A general urine test also helps to suggest the presence of chlamydia. As a rule, such women have a large number of leukocytes in their urine and no bacteria. Therefore, purulent discharge in the urine (pyuria) and the absence of bacteria in the analysis often indicate the presence of chlamydial infection.
For research in pregnant women, scrapings are taken from the mucous membranes of the urogenital tract (urethra, cervical canal of the cervix), when chlamydia is located in other organs, scrapings are taken from the rectum, conjunctiva, oropharynx.
The quality of the material taken depends on the condition of the pregnant woman.
The most informative scraping will be if the conditions for taking smears are met:
If the rules and conditions for taking the material were not followed, then the distortion of the research results is possible.
To determine chlamydia use:
Not the most difficult and acceptable method for almost any laboratory. Chlamydia antigens are directly detected with the help of PIFs. The basis of the method is that monoclonal sera with antibodies labeled with fluoresceins (luminous substances) are added to the biological material - scraping from the mucous membranes of the urogenital organs. These smears are viewed in ultraviolet light under a fluorescent microscope. With this microscopy of chlamydia, glowing inclusions of green or yellow-green color are visible on the brown-orange background of the cytoplasm of cells.
Its sensitivity and specificity are not the highest. It depends on the quality of the luminescent antibody sera and the skills of the laboratory staff. The results of mutual funds are sometimes false positive. This method is not suitable for examining scrapings obtained from the nasopharynx and rectum. 
Chlamydia identified with mutual funds - green inclusions
For the diagnosis of chlamydia, one of the more accurate methods is cultural. This study is based on sowing the material taken on nutrient media. This is a more specific method than mutual funds. And one of the few methods by which they determine getting rid of chlamydia. It allows the detection of viable microorganisms, while other methods often give distorted results. But due to its low sensitivity, its laboriousness, the duration of the process of growing chlamydia, as well as strict requirements for the conditions for obtaining, transporting and storing scrapings, as well as the professionalism of the staff, it is difficult to use it in daily practice. Therefore, this method is carried out only in isolated laboratories. 
Chlamydiae are placed on nutrient media
To recognize chlamydia, it is recommended to use molecular biological methods, one of which is PCR diagnostics (polymerase chain reaction). PCR is based on the amplification of nucleic acids, i.e. increasing the number of certain DNA fragments. This is a study with high sensitivity up to 98% and specificity up to 100%. During it, not only scrapings from mucous membranes are used, but also other materials, for example, urine, ejaculate. For diagnosis, it is not important to preserve the viability of chlamydia, but strict adherence to the conditions of delivery of the material taken is required, since this significantly affects the results of the analysis.
PCR diagnostics is currently considered as the main method for the detection of chlamydia. 
PCR is a way to increase the number of certain DNA fragments
And also these methods include real-time PCR and a new, improved method - NASBA (Nucleic Acid Sequence-based Amplification), i.e. an increase in the number of copies of nucleic acids (RNA) in real time, which makes it possible to detect living chlamydia and replace laborious cultural method.
Now it is molecular biological methods for the detection and diagnosis of chlamydia that should be preferred in practical healthcare.
With the serological method, the pathogen is not directly detected, but the body's immune response to chlamydial infection is examined, that is, immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA, IgG), which have been developed in the human body to chlamydial antigens, are determined. This is important for the diagnosis of chlamydial inflammation in the fallopian tubes, appendages, peritoneum of the small pelvis and the determination of its acute or chronic course. Serological methods include microimmunofluorescent (MIF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) studies. But to confirm the diagnosis of chlamydia of the genitourinary organs, the diagnostic capabilities of these methods are limited. With their help, it is impossible to control the cure of the infection.
According to modern protocols for the management of infectious patients for the diagnosis of chlamydia of the genitourinary system, serological methods (determination of antibodies in the blood serum) are not used.
However, the determination of immunoglobulin M is used to confirm chlamydial pneumonia in children from birth to the first three months of life. An increase in the titer of immunoglobulin G by 4 times, when paired serum is examined, speaks in favor of the presence of chlamydia in pregnant women with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. An increase in the concentration of IgG to chlamydia is the basis for examining women for the presence of lymphogranuloma venereum. This technique allows you to determine the stage of the disease, evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, prove the chlamydial origin of the disease that develops outside the genitals. 
Not an informative method for pregnant women
Chlamydial infection is important not only to identify, but also to cure.
Purpose of treatment:
Since chlamydia is a pathogenic microorganism, and chlamydial infection is classified as an STI, which is widespread and plays a huge role in the development of complications in the mother and the unborn child, the use of antibacterial agents for its treatment is mandatory.
Antibiotics are prescribed regardless of whether infected women develop symptoms or are asymptomatic. In the first trimester, they are used only for strict indications, due to the possible negative effect on the fetus. The main treatment begins after 12-16 weeks.
The choice of drugs for treatment in pregnant women is significantly limited, since many of the antibiotics that act on chlamydia (tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones) cause severe side effects in the unborn child.
Among the approved drugs, preference is given to macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, josamycin), which are able to penetrate deep into the cell. And the effectiveness of taking amoxicillin from the group of penicillins has also been proven, which, although it is not able to penetrate the cell, has a detrimental effect on chlamydia. Most often it is prescribed for allergies or intolerance to macrolides.
Drugs of choice (Russian standards):
Or, one of the following remedies is prescribed (European recommendations):
With a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment with drugs of choice, use:
Since josamycin and amoxicillin have fewer side effects than erythromycin, their use is more preferable and effective. It is important to know that erytheocin (erythromycin estolate) is contraindicated during pregnancy. Previously, azithromycin, josamycin, spiramycin were prescribed to pregnant women only in extreme cases, but to date, the safety of these antibiotics for expectant mothers has been proven.
In newborns and infants, chlamydia is treated with erythromycin in an age-related dosage of at least 14 days.
Chlamydial infection is treated on an outpatient basis. In case of complications, the pregnant woman is hospitalized in specialized hospitals of the skin-venereal, obstetric-gynecological, rheumatological profile.
The results of treatment are assessed one month after the completion of the course of antibiotics. The presence of chlamydia is most accurately confirmed by a combination of culture and PCR studies, as well as the NASBA method in real time. These methods are proposed to assess the vital activity of chlamydia and, accordingly, the cure of the disease.
Prevention of chlamydial infection is not particularly different from prevention of other STIs.
It is important to follow a few rules to avoid infection:
Every woman should be informed by her obstetrician-gynecologist that:
Discharge in early pregnancy can cause anxiety in the expectant mother. However, they do not always pose a health hazard, so they should not cause fear. New…
If chlamydia progresses in the urinary tract during pregnancy, an unpleasant disease called chlamydia develops. Conservative treatment should be immediate, otherwise, along with internal discomfort in the body, serious complications arise. The main goal of intensive care is to exterminate pathogenic bacteria, suppress the unpleasant symptoms of chlamydia, and eliminate health complications for an unborn child.
With damage to the genitourinary system, doctors do not exclude increased activity of chlamydia in the urinary tract. Such pathogens of chlamydia are neither viruses nor bacteria, but they also provide complete or partial intoxication of the body. Chlamydiae are microscopic pests that choose reproductive cells as their habitat. They are larger in size than bacteria, while, as viruses, they can exist outside the human body. since a woman's immunity is weakened by pregnancy, the risk of infection increases several times.
If chlamydia is not treated in a timely manner, the consequences for the health of the expectant mother may be irreversible. Increased activity of chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydia igg trachomatis) causes placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxia, intrauterine growth arrest, pathological childbirth. If the infection occurred at an early stage, doctors do not exclude a miscarriage. Chlamydia during pregnancy is dangerous because pathogens enter the systemic circulation, from where they enter the placenta and the child's body. Doctors diagnose the following complications:
It is important to know what can cause the inflammatory process, and how such a dangerous condition threatens. This is the motivation to immediately seek the help of a doctor in case of severe symptoms of chlamydia during pregnancy. At first, a woman experiences internal discomfort, while she does not understand its origin. Over time, the focus of pathology becomes more pronounced, and the following changes are observed in the body:
Chlamydia and pregnancy are compatible concepts, since when a woman is carrying a fetus, a woman's immunity is weakened. The influence of pathogenic factors immediately causes an unpleasant infection with further symptoms of chlamydia. In order to prevent the development of pathogenic flora, it is important to know all the causes of chlamydia during pregnancy and to eliminate them in a timely manner. With a characteristic disease, these are the following provoking factors:
Chlamydia is difficult to eradicate from the body, so the treatment is long-term, not always successful. With timely and adequately selected therapy, the consequences of chlamydia in pregnant women are absent. Otherwise, in the early stages of pregnancy, doctors do not exclude a miscarriage, and in the third trimester - premature, pathological childbirth. The impact of chlamydia on the body is always destructive, but the end result depends on the spread of pathogenic flora. Chlamydia during pregnancy must be treated, and the doctor can prescribe antibiotics only after the patient has been tested.
A woman should take a responsible approach to planning pregnancy. It is important to pass the required tests for the composition of the vaginal microflora, to exclude the presence of infectious and sexually transmitted diseases that are dangerous for intrauterine development. Pregnancy with chlamydia is possible, but its premature pathological outcome is not excluded. Therefore, the first thing doctors recommend is thoroughly treated, and then think about replenishing the family.
It is possible to become pregnant after chlamydia, however, preliminary treatment in order to avoid re-infection should be extended to both sexual partners. Since antibiotics are present in the intensive care regimen, it takes time for the synthetic components to finally leave the woman's body. Additional use of vitamins will not hurt.
If the disease was detected already in an "interesting position", it is necessary to be treated. It is important to understand that there is a simultaneous infection of the mother and the child, which is fraught with serious consequences for their health. In the early stages of pregnancy, the baby may die, and if infected in the third trimester, it may be born prematurely with extensive pathologies. In some clinical pictures, a disabled person is born. Alternatively, the following consequences of chlamydia during pregnancy for a child are not excluded:
The presence of the disease can be determined by pronounced symptoms, and the nature of the pathogenic flora - by analyzes, laboratory studies. Diagnosis of chlamydia during pregnancy involves a comprehensive approach to the health problem. For example, a doctor necessarily takes biological material from the cervix, which he further examines under a microscope. If a woman has already had chlamydia, specific antibodies can be detected by a laboratory method. Additionally, it is required to take amniotic fluid, to assess the condition of the fetus.
A high concentration of chlamydia is observed in the cervical canal, cervix. Therefore, a characteristic smear on chlamydia becomes the most informative diagnostic method, it determines with maximum accuracy the nature of the pathogenic infection, the degree of neglect of the pathological process. After receiving the results of the study, a consultation with a gynecologist is required. The doctor will tell you how to quickly and permanently eliminate chlamydia in pregnant women with reduced immunity.
Since the cells of the immune system fight against the pathogenic flora, antibodies produced to the DNA of chlamydia can be found in the red biological fluid. For the expectant mother, this is confirmation that chlamydia develops in the body. Therefore, a blood test for chlamydia during pregnancy is an effective diagnostic method that will help to quickly detect pathogenic flora and immediately proceed to its elimination. In modern medicine, several intensive care regimens are declared that will quickly bring the condition of a pregnant woman back to normal.
After determining the nature of the pathogenic flora, taking into account the number of obstetric weeks, the doctor prescribes intensive antibiotic therapy. The purpose of taking antibiotics is to disrupt the integrity of the membranes of chlamydia, paralyze their DNA and exclude rapid reproduction in the reproductive system. The choice of medicines is carried out individually, but the following antibiotic agents have proven themselves well:
It is important to clarify that chlamydia in women during pregnancy can be treated with antibiotics for more than 16 obstetric weeks, when the placenta is finally formed and protects the fetus from the negative influence of factors provoking the disease. Intensive therapy should be extended to both sexual partners, otherwise the absence of unpleasant symptoms is temporary. Conservative treatment of chlamydia during pregnancy lasts 10-14 days, but after a couple of weeks of interruption, it is shown to resume the antibacterial course.
In order not to detect dysbiosis by the result of intensive therapy, probiotics are additionally indicated. Conducting symptomatic treatment is an auxiliary measure in order to restore the woman's health in the shortest possible time, strengthen the immune system, and protect the fetus during intrauterine development. To restore cells affected by toxic enzymes, it is necessary to take immunomodulatory drugs for medical reasons. After completing the antibacterial course, to check the body's reaction, the doctor prescribes a second seeding for pathogenic flora.
In order not to detect chlamydia in the blood during pregnancy, it is required to take a responsible approach to the planning period for future offspring. If treatment is carried out in a timely manner, then there will be no complications, chronic chlamydia. When a woman knows about the course of the disease only by hearsay, she should take care of the observance of special preventive measures. For example, sex with casual partners is excluded, it is important to be selective about your sex life. Other measures to prevent chlamydia during pregnancy are presented below:
