Onions - a vegetable that is grown today around the world, from the tropics to the northern latitudes. In the plant community, it is characterized by a significant variety of species (500-600), but the onion onion is most common. It can be grown in several ways. Conventional - in 2-3 years of culture through the production of Luca-Spark or sample from large bulbs. Or as an annual culture directly from seeds (Chernushki). In this article, let's talk about the eve of the cultivation of the onions of the seed.
Content:In the southern regions, directly undercover or wounds are sowing in the soil. With this method, the bulbs of early varieties and hybrids manage to grow over 1 season. In the regions with a limited warm and light period (the average and northern strip of Russia), annual onion ripen in the open soil can only be obtained through seedlings.
The reader may have a cramole thought - or whether to mess with growing seedlings? Let's consider the advantages of the proposed cultivation method.
Seeds (ink) are used for breeding, obtained during the cultivation of the uterine bulb-repka. Of them, arbus or bow-north are grown on the 2nd year. For the 3rd year, planting onions-north, get a full-fledged spution. A very long period for obtaining a full-fledged fleet used. Using a seaside method of growing onion, it is possible to annually remove the crop-rake-ray weighing 100-400 grams (depending on the variety or hybrid).
A seaside method of cultivation of onion-rake allows to reduce the vegetative period of plants in the open soil by 50-60 days. It is this age of seedlings settled in open sad.
The onion is referred to a group of plants with a short period of rest. Save the removed crop of onions, especially early and medium grades, weakly sharp and sweet to the new harvest is almost impossible. Already by January, such varieties and bulb-repka, and the bowls sprout, soften, begin to rot. But even if the seeds manage to preserve, these varieties in the growing season go to the arrow and the repka is obtained defective.
The decides of the cultivation of the bow from the seed significantly lengthens the storage period of the bulbs. Annual bow does not fade, which helps to obtain a full-fledged repka and its high-quality aging. Such bulbs can be stored for up to 9 months without germination and posting.
In addition, this method of growing the onions has a few more advantages over the rest:
So, we will get acquainted closer with the technology of growing onion-repkah through seedlings.
To obtain a large river for season 1, you need to use single or minority sweets or peninsoles and early hybrids. Their vegetative period does not exceed 110-130 days from sowing before harvesting. In multiple varieties, in annual growing, the bulbs are obtained highly deformed.
From the grades of the bow can be recommended "Strigunovsky", "Early pink", "One-year Siberian", "Odintsovets", "Danilovsky 301", "Amphora", "Life", "Baska", "Messel", "The globe" and etc.
Good crops form the minority of the peninsoles of the reprinting onions: "Caba", "Karatan", "Krasnodar 35" and etc.
In the central regions of Russia, provide high-quality harvest early or secondary varieties and Luke hybrids: "Chalcedony", "Lukich", "Sleep", "Grandfather", "Denver", "Alonso F1", "Bennito F1".
Foreign fruit production hybrids are better to use early yields "Spirit F1", "Started F1", "Red Baron", "Exhibited F1", "Candy F1", "Sterling F1", "Copra F1", "Daiton F1" and etc.
Onions "Strigunovsky". © Agro-Vista 
The onion is "Karatsky". © semenarzn. 
The onion is "excised F1". © Sveklon. Sowing Chernushka spend at the end of February-in the first days of March, so that in the second half of April, to plant the seedlings of Luke at a permanent place to grow into an open ground.
Remember! Loading with landing in the soil seedlings will adversely affect the yield of onion springs.
The best composition of the soil is a mixture of a delicate earth and humus with the addition of sand in a 2: 2: 1 ratio. You can use the sand-humid or sand-compost (compost must be mature) mixture in a 2: 1 ratio. Instead of sand, you can use biovemiculitis or coconut chips, other soil-supersayers.
Any mixture should be lightweight, air and moisture-permeable, easily devaded from the roots of plants. Natural additives in the soil mixture (ferry land, etc.) are subject to disinfection by one of the generally accepted methods. If heat disinfection was used, then the prepared mixture was made in 2.0-2.5 weeks to be treated with Baikal Em-1, "Ecomic Production" is covered with film and leave in a warm place.
You can treat the soil mixture with phytosporin biofungsides, etc., etc.
In order not to spend time on the preparation and processing of seeds, it is more expedient to acquire them in specialized points of sales from well-known firms. Each variety has its own characteristics and requirements for life support that affect the quality of the grown seedlings. Seeds should be packed according to the requirements. Have appropriate labeling and explanations on back side Putting or liner.
Independently grown onion seeds need to be disinfected by heat treatment or (practical) in a heat transfer solution (1 g / 1 l of water) for 0.5 hours. Instead of mangartage, it can be used for disinfection of seeds "Phytosporin-M" biofungicides, "Gamair SP", "Alin B". After disinfection, seeds can be soaked in "Epina", "Corneroste", etc.
All types of seed treatment are always carried out in warm water with a temperature of + 25 ... + 30 ° C. After the seed treatments, you need to dry, scattering on the moisture-taking material. Seeds after drying should be bulk. Prepared containers or beds shed warm water and start sowing in wet soil the next day.
Do not forget, both purchased and independently grown seeds before sowing to check for germination. It should be at least 80% (out of 10 seeds in 2-3 multiple repetitions must be tangled during the week 8 pieces). At a smaller germination, it is necessary to increase the pixel's density, which will affect the quality of seedlings (the number of waste from underdeveloped seedlings).
On the crumpled surface of the wet soil, the grooves are cut into a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm and the width between rows 5-7 cm. The sown rate is 15-20 g / sq. m Square. Luke seeds unfolded in the grooves are falling asleep with ripe fine humid, sand or primrators (vermiculite, etc.). Spill warm water through a small strain. They are covered with a film and placed indoors with an air temperature within + 18 ... + 25 ° C.
The film is removed daily for a while to ventilate and eliminate drops. Before the appearance of germs, usually irregularities are not conducted. But if the top layer is noticeably reduced, then it is neatly watered through a finely stretched water temperature. After the appearance of shoots, the temperature in the room for 4-6 days is reduced to + 14 ... + 16 ° C day and + 8 ... + 9 ° C at night.
The decrease in temperature eliminates the extrusion of seedlings and the etholydom of the seedlings. In the subsequent period of time, the air temperature is maintained within + 15 ... + 17 ° C.
Experienced gardeners advise to spend Chernushka sowing in the cassette 2-4 onion seed into the cell. Of course, it is cheaper to grow seedlings in boxes, but the cassettes have their advantages. In the cassettes, seedlings do not ill, requires less care. It is easier to divide into separate plants before falling into the ground.
When growing across seedlings, the period of growth and development of the bow in the open ground is reduced by an average of 2 months. © Pookie & Amp Caring for the seedle lies in maintaining the corresponding length of the daylight, timely watering, feeding and protection against pests and diseases.
The length of the daylight, depending on the age of seedlings, changes. Therefore, for the seasons of the bark, it is necessary to provide additional highlighting phytolampa or other lamps.
Light day after germs should be at least 15-18 hours for the northern and 13-15 hours for the southern grades of the onion onion. Approximately 2 weeks before the seedling seedlings in the ground, the length of the day shocked until 10-12 hours. This technique will positively affect the ripening of bulbous repka.
During the growth and development of seedlings, watering is carried out every 2-3 days moderate norm (not to fill). After irrigation of the aisle, the loosenings are jammed from weeds and wake up with dry sand or crushed humid. When overflows, excessive wet soil, seedlings are drawn, the pen turns.
After 3 weeks, together with watering 1 time per week, the onions seedlings feed the nutrient solution of nitroposki or another complete fertilizer at the rate of 1.5 tablespoons on 10 liters of water. It is not recommended to use one ammonium nitrate for feeding. Can mineral nutrition Replace with the influence of wood ash or chicken litter using a working solution of diluted 10-12 times primary infusion.
After 40-45 days, the seedlings begin to temper, pulling out the day on the veranda or fresh air. Seedlings protect from direct sunlight.
Online seedling is usually not damaged by diseases and pests. The seedlings can hit a false mildew (peronosporosis) with excessive moisture and low temperature. The main source of infection is the disputes of fungus remaining in poorly disinfected soil.
The affected leaves are covered with alone spots of gray, brown, black. Gifs mushrooms go into the bulbs. Infected bulbs sharply reduce the burning, rot, quickly germinate.
The measure of protection is spraying with a solution of antifungal biofungicides or 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid. When growing seedlings in room conditions The use of chemical preparations for the protection of seedlings is prohibited.
During the growth and development of the seedlings, watering is carried out every 2-3 days moderate norm. © Pavegies. Upon reaching the age of 50-60 days, it is transplanted into the ground. An earlier or later landing will adversely affect the rooting of plants, the pad is increased.
Luca seedlings transplant are carried out in dry warm weather in a pre-prepared bed. Before planting, the seedlings are sorting, leaving only developed seedlings 13-16 cm height with 3-4 real leaf feathers of a healthy green color. If seedlings are selected by beams, they are separated into separate plants. In order not to damage the roots in the separation of plants, a compacted lump of the soil on the roots can be laundering in water with easy swaying. Underdeveloped and damaged seedlings are not used in transplant.
The seedlings seedled to land cut on 1/3 of the leaves and up to 2.0-2.5 cm - roots. From the cowboy and clay prepare a bolt to dry the roots or can be lowered by the roots of the plants into the solution of any cornetering agent.
Luke seedlings are planted by an ordinary way, leaving in a row the distance 5 and between rows of at least 35-40-55 cm, depending on the variety or hybrid (with a very large, medium or relatively small spruce-row).
Luke seedlings deepen into the soil at 2.0-2.5 cm, not deeper. Lached plants crimp from all sides to remove emptiness in the soil around the roots and increase the area of \u200b\u200bcontact. If the soil was wet, watering is carried out 2-3 days after disembarkation. If dried, then watering, and abundant, spend immediately.
After landing the soil mulch any small mulch. After 3-4 days after the disembarkation, the first surface loosening can be carried out so as not to damage the root seedlings. If all the procedures are performed qualitatively, seedlings are captured as soon as possible and will go into growth.
Further care of plants is reduced to maintaining the soil in pure weeds, thinning (especially if the landing was carried out by beams of 2-3 plants in order to obtain fresh greenery during breakdown), watering, feeding and protection against diseases and pests.
The first irrigation of the transplanted onion in the field is carried out 15-20 days after the transplant (if the soil at a depth of 2 the phalanx of the fingers is wet). Otherwise, watering is carried out in more early deadlines (after 12-14 days). Subsequent watering is carried out as needed.
Over the growing season, there are 2 junk feeding. The first from 10 to 15 May and the second in mid-June. The first feeding is better to carry out a diluted working solution of wood ash or organic solid, consuming 10 liters of solution on 10 rose landings. The second - phosphorus-potash fertilizers at the rate of 25-30 g / 10 square meters. m Square. By this time, the root system will start and capture large square Around the forming bulbs.
After planting onion seedlings, the soil mulk any shallow mulch. © kidskunst.
In the field of open soil, the onions is often amazed on a onion flour and false torment.
Most often with crude weather (after heavy rains) and low, within + 12 ... + 13 ° C air temperature, onion leaves are covered with a gray soft omission, quickly yellow and die away. The prevention of diseases is the most effective: spraying of soil and plants with 1% solution of bordeaux fluid after breakout or biofungicides acting in the soil and on plants ("Phytosporin-M", "Gamiir SP", etc.).
Dear reader! You are offered an accelerated method for producing a crop of bulbs of the onion bows of different varieties and hybrids. Is this method for you attractive? What questions remain unexplained? Is he a novelty for you or has long been tested? Share with us the results obtained.
Onions are one of the most popular from a long time and unusually useful vegetable crops, indispensable in cooking, medical and cosmetics purposes. Traditionally, the vegetable raised in two stages (in the first year of the seeds received seeds, from which on the second - already the heads of the bow). But science does not stand still, the breeders are bred annual varieties and hybrids, significantly simplifying the life of gardeners. For one season, the cultivation of a bow through the seedlings is quite possible if they plant suitable seeds.
In order not to make a mistake when sowing Luke, you need to seriously prepare and comply with the basic recommendations for obtaining high-quality seedlings. Good seeds, suitable primer And Tara significantly increase the chances of success.
Ripened bulbs
It is necessary to choose varieties and hybrids that are most suitable for the climate conditions of the area and use objectives. In the middle lane and more northern latitude for annual breeding takes a variety with early and medium ripening periods to catch successfully harvest. The cultivation of the onion-row and the reprimand through seedlings is mainly similar.
Bulbs of Variety "Bogatyr Power"
Here is a list of some varieties that allow you to get a bunch in annual culture:
Stock Foto Bulbs of grade "Exhibition"
Often the store seed has already been processed by fungicide, it is green and does not require soaking. Natural onion seeds are small, black and called ink, they are prepared for landing as follows:
Seeds for landing
It is important to prepare such a soil for Obuka seedlings so that young plants feel most comfortable and actively developing. The plant in infancy for growing is needed a large amount of nutrients and good aeration.
The simplest mixture is prepared from equal parts of the turf and humus. You can use a crushed compost with the ground and add vermiculite to the substrate. Increases soil and coconut fiber. Another suitable composition: land from the garden, peat, compost and sand in the same quantities.
The soil should be good to disinfect, depends on causative agents of dangerous diseases, larvae insects and weed seeds. For these purposes, it is necessary to warm it in a hot oven or microwave, helps and process potassium permanganate or fungicide solution.
Suitable a mixture of humus and turf
The dates of landing of the seedlings of the onions depend on the possibilities of the gardener to provide it with decent care and conditions of detention, characteristics of a particular variety. It should be noted that the planting material reaches the desired condition in about two months. Chernushka sow from February to April. Often the time of the operation is checked with lunar calendar Gardener gardener, which indicates specific dates favorable for culture.
Capacities for seedlings are used different: wooden boxes, opaque containers or pots (light prevents the formation of roots), candy plastic bottles of water (the top of the seedlings can be covered to turn out to be a mini greenhouse).
In front of the cultivation of seedlings need to be treated by manganese, so that there was no threat to infection of seeds and young plants, it should be holes for removing extra moisture (its excess onions does not like).
The land in the box is poured with a thickness of 8 cm, it is rammed moderately so that voids are not formed, there should not be large lumps on top. It is advisable to hide so much on the day before the seed landing so that it evenly moistened and the glasses of excess water.
Sowing in the tank
Luca seeds are put on the ground, trying to withstand the distance between them 2 cm, then pour another 1 cm substrate. It is possible to plant in the grooves (depth of 1 cm), made at a distance of 3 cm one from another. The soil is slightly compacted.
Sowing spray neh cold water From the pulverizer, covered with polyethylene, transparent lid or glass, will prevent a warm place (the light is not needed first). Optimal temperature For shoots - + 25 ° C.
Video: very fast way Seed germing
The first sprouts of the onions can be seen about a week after the landing, and the main seedlings appear in a couple of weeks. After that, the seedlings will need less heat, but it becomes necessary for good lighting (12 hours a day). The content temperature should be reduced by about 10 ° C for a week, and then raise up to + 20 ° C.
Care of seedlings includes the following operations:
The first shoots of Luca
Luke seedlings are usually not dive, but immediately plant on the bed. If desired, seedlings remaining after thinning can be transplanted.
A couple of weeks before the room in an open ground, the plants are handled outdoors in a half, gradually increasing the time of stay. Finished strong seedlings has 3-4 formed green leaf and a good root system, the base with a diameter of about 4 mm.
Seedling transplanted into open ground
Receive good harvest useful vegetables by creating favorable conditions and applying the right agrotechnical techniques.
VIDEO: Unusual ways of sowing onion-sowing on seedlings
The onions differ in disease resistance and little attracts pests, but occasionally problems arise. If the leaves of seedlings of the bow are yellow and dry, the reason may be a leek fly, it is struggling with it with the help of special insecticides.
Signs of fungal diseases (black leg, false mildew) is discoloration and death of feathers. They provoke them increased humidity and insufficient soil treatment are treated with burgue liquid or other suitable preparations. But it is better to take preventive measures.
Online seedling sometimes falls and dries out due to various reasons for violation of agrotechnical recommendations:
False mild dew
The process of growing onion through seedlings is a rather troublesome occupation. But the results of their efforts can be seen already in the same season, collecting the harvest of medicinal vegetables. It is only necessary to decide on the experiment, to explore the procedure for the correct implementation of all aspects of the new way, consult with experienced vegetables.
Usually grown in two years: first from the Chernushka get, then from the Spirit "Republic". At the same time, the north you need to do not worry in the winter in the apartment and fall on time so that he does not go to the arrow. But some varieties and hybrids for ripening bulbs need only about 130 days, that is, they can be raised in one season. Such bulbs will not be, but perfectly suitable for landing in the fall. Try to plant and: One-year Siberian, Stuttgarter Rizen, Exhibited, Red Baron, Strigunovsky, Spirit F1, Stardast, Myachkovsky 300, Danilovsky 301.
We grow seedlings of Luke
At the end of March - early April, the seeds are soaked in a gauze bag in a solution of mangartage (1 g per 1 liter of water) for 45 minutes, then in solution Epina (According to the instructions) about 18 hours and dried 15-20 minutes so that they become bulk. Empty boxes (30x20x10 cm) The height of 8 cm is filled with soil. The composition should include compost, garden land and sand in equal proportions. The soil is shedding a fungicide.
Then cut the grooves for sowing seeds.
Take the seeds conveniently tweezers: if you plan each in your place, the seedlings do not have to. The distance between the seeds in the row is 3 cm, between the rows - 5 cm, the depth of the seal is 1 cm.
At the beginning of the row, it is established with the signature of the variety and the dates of the sowing.
From above, the seeds are sprinkled with a layer of soil in 1 cm, compact the soil.
Special seaside cassettes can be used with a cell diameter of 2-3 cm, and 3-4 seeds should be placed in each cell. This method is more often used to grow at the growing, but it is quite suitable for the onions. The landing of seedlings with a lore earth allows you to avoid damage to the root system. When growing groups of bulbs are somewhat smaller than with the usual planting method, but the overall harvest with a unit of the square increases.
The crops are moisturized from the spray gun, covered with a film so that the moisture does not evaporate, and put in a warm place with a temperature of +20 ... + 25 ° C. After three weeks there will be capeners of shoots. Then the boxes need to be transferred to a cool bright place and contain at a temperature of +16 ... + 20 ° C, otherwise the bow will stretch.
Pour crops as the upper layer of soil dried. After 40-45 days, they endure the day for fresh air, protecting against direct sunlight.
PREPARATION OF THE SUCH AND LUKE SPEARE IN GRAIN
In the middle of May, the seedlings are planted on the bed prepared since the fall. For this, the soil is drunk and composed compost, and the dolomite flour. Preferred fertile, lungs with a neutral reaction. Best predecessors:, legumes. Place you need to pick up sunny.
Before planting in the spring, comprehensive fertilizer is made and the soil compacted. Seedling at Luka looks like thin seedlings of grass.
Seedlings carefully separate apart ...
And planted into the ground, carefully sealing the earth around each stem.
The distance between the grooves of 30 cm is between plants - 5 cm, the depth of seal 1 cm so that the root is completely in the well. If the onions strongly burst, the formation of the bulbs will begin later, and by the time of collecting the harvest, she will not have time to mature.
After landing, the onions watered.
Purgeted landings are mulched peat.
Loos care
As soon as the feather falls and grow strengthened, the plants watered and carefully thin so that 8-10 cm remains between them. Selected bulbs immediately put in the basket left on the beds, they will attract the onion fluff. When a bulb is formed, the plants are watered once every 5-7 days (in hot weather twice a week) and feed the complex mineral fertilizer once a month. After watering, so that the crust is not formed. In the second half of July, watering and feeding stop, the mulch must be cut off so that the bulbs get enough heat. If arrows suddenly appear, they need to be broken. By the end of August, in a dry sunny day, two weeks after fading feathers, the bow can be removed. The bulbs with a thick neck (such as it turns out if fresh manure or plants have been introduced into the soil) is not subject to storage, they are selected separately to use first.
Diseases and pests
The sharp yellowing and fading of Luke Feather during the growing season suggests that the plants attacked the Lukovaya Fly. This pest is activated in the middle of dry hot summer. The larvae eating the moves at the base of the bulbs, young bulbs die, more mature deform. The affected plants are destroyed, the remaining process insecticide (Aktara, Mischoard, Earth, Medvetoks).
When the onion is amazed, or perronosporosis, the leaves are covered with a fluffy gray rim, pale, dying, starting from the tips, the bulbs become soft. The disease develops with high humidity and temperature of about +13 ° C. It is seriously treated, so the seedlings are better to treat the soil with 1% solution. In phase 4-6, plants can be treated with the drug Ridomil Gold Mz.
The bow is known to humanity so long ago that he enters the kitchen of many nations of the world. And to present modern dishes without this replied component is extremely difficult. And to grow onions can probably anyone. But everything has already been accustomed to a few long-term scheme for a long time: first the Chernushka is grown, then the seeds, from which samples are taken, and only after germing the sample we get a good "repka". But the opportunity to grow on your panstone There are good onions directly from the Chernushka, because the agricultural engineering is quite simple, and the taste qualities and the duration of storage in such a crop only increases.
First of all, for the cultivation of a bow directly from Chernushka, it is worth carefully approaching the selection of varieties, because today they have over 400, but even 10% of them are not suitable for direct harvest. Therefore, when choosing, pay attention only to the fact that it was originally withdrawn under the shortened technology of cultivation, and as you gain experience experiment with other varieties, if you have such a desire. And attention should be given to such varieties as:
Varieties suitable under annestful cultivation Quite a lot: you can pay attention to both Bessonovsky, and Svirky and many Dutch hybrids. In a word, choose from what.
When the seeds decided, it is worth deciding exactly how cultivation will be carried out, because you can go three ways:
In order for the growing onion of the onion of the spin of seeds guaranteed high yield Seed seeds before landing (regardless of the way) is required to check for germination. The check is the selection of approximately 1-5% of seeds and their soaking in wet fabric for a period of about 14-21 days. If the seeds began to give signs of awakening, you can land them. If the results are not impressive, you will have to find another sowing material. The check is carried out no later than a month before the disembarkation, but not earlier than 2.
Of course, the planting material, and the soil must pass appropriate training. Regarding seeds should be said that they must be protected from fungal lesions. To do this, they are lowered in hot (45-55 gr. Celsius) water, and before it is wrapped with clean white cotton fabric. Withstand hot water The planting material is necessary at least a quarter of an hour, and only after that, for a minute, put it in cold water. After such a contrasting "bath", the seed must be soaked for 24 hours in warm water. After a day, they are getting out of the water and, without turning the fabrics, keep another 1-2 days, periodically moisturizing fabric bedspreads.
The second embodiment of the prevention of fungal lesions can be called the seed premises (everything in the same linen bag) into the aerated water for 20-24 hours, after which they slightly dried in a well ventilated room.
Also, some gardeners resort to soaking seeds in the fruit formation stimulator for a day. However, pre-seed material is washed in a pink potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes. After the stimulator, the seed is dry to lightweight, then you can start cropping. Landing term - April 20-25.
As for the preparation of the soil, depending on the landing term, it is preparing in different ways:
The ground in the place of formation of the garden should be pre-coated with a layer of humus, which can be replaced by peat mixed with a compost in proportion 1 to 1. If necessary, it is worth making mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen-containing.
The earth for the spring landing is again dripping, forming a bed. When pumping, a compost or peat is made, nitroposka and superphosphate (1 tbsp. Spoon per 1 sq.m. soil). Experienced gardeners Add when dripping wood ash, however, there are options when the ash is added directly to the well before planting the seed.
The choice of room for the bed is sufficiently important, since the bow is not only growing best at a good insolation (Ideally, the direct sunlight should fall on the plant throughout the light day), but also good choice Places in terms of finding in it last season of the following cultures:
Do not use two seasons in a row one and the same land for landing, because it is very critical to the volume of nitrogen in the soil.
The garden should be formed in the following way: length is up to 5 meters (for convenience of service), width from 0.6 to 0.8 meters, height relative to the furrow - at least 150, but not more than 200mm. A formed bedding is to shed (2 liter of water per 1 sq.m. beds) with a weak solution of copper sulfate (1 tbsp. Spoon on the water bucket). Then she is covered with a film for 2-3 days. If we are talking about landing in the winter, then it is necessary to withstand the garden under the film before the onset of frosts, but at the same time follow the weeds. If so came out, they need to be carefully looked carefully.
If the chernushka is planted in the spring, then the formation of crops must be made as follows. Issue from the edges of the garden of 10 cm, we carry out the grooves in a depth of no more than 2 cm with an interval of 20 cm.
In each groove, Chernushka is stacked with an interval of 2.5-5 cm. That is, only 1 sq.m. It takes about 80 seeds.
To simplify control, the landing frequency can be resorted to a conventional chalk, which is rubbed into dust - the resulting powder is crumbling over each seed, which visualizes the landing. Chernushka from above is not sprinkled by the earth, as it would be in the cultivation of Sevka or sample, and instead of soil, wood sawdust is used (preferably birch as a more quickly decomposed), peat or humus (as an option of purchased humus).
Watering seeds to the very germs is not worth it in any way, because when drying the grooves on the ground, a crust is formed, which is difficult to break through young plants. For the prevention of soil drying, you can arrange a film greenhouse at a height of 250-300mm. If we are talking about how to plant onion with seeds into a non-fermentation soil, here you can hardly advise something that goes beyond the foregoing, and it remains to be revealed to the fact that the preparation will be enough.
As soon as the plants are typed, and they will appear by 2-3 real sheets, the breaking is carried out. The greens of performing bulbies can be used in food - it is taste and a nutritional than in the remaining time. When thinning, the average interval between plants is set - not less than 5 cm. It is possible that by the middle of June, new thinning will need, so that between the bulbs the interval was about 10 cm, which is very important for varieties with a large bulb.
The autumn falling is different from the spring, in fact, only with the transfer of cutting on spring period, as well as the need to hide the planting of the pagan. Highway occurs in a slightly frostable soil, the peeling of seeds is carried out by humus or peat. It is important to ensure that the garden lay on the garden during the whole period of the cold, which prevents excessive heating of the soil.
After disembarking behind the bow, some care is needed, which is not only in timely watering, but also in the removal of weeds. Watering onions you need only a small amount of time - from May to June. However, if sowing onion seeds was made, substantial requirements are made to the quality of water: it must be clean and warm. Therefore, water is used for irrigation, which heats up in the sun, for example, in barrels. Preferably the use of rainwater than from a well or water supply.
Watering plants produced once a week, but if it's hot on the street and rains are extremely rare, then the volume of watering increases slightly, or is read up to two times a week. On average, in normal summer weather and humidity is consumed about 5-8 liters. Water per 1 sq.m. In drought, the volume increases to 8-10 liters of water for 1 sq.m. Or watering is readable with the same volume. As the tops increase, the irrigation should be more neat so as not to damage the greens. Feast breakdown leads to a deterioration in the growth of the bulbs, and even to her death.
Greeting is carried out as weeds grow. It should be borne in mind that large weed plants can damage the root system of the bulbs when removing can damage the root system, respectively, it should be carefully so young piglets. To improve the soil aeration (since the usual loaning during the cultivation of the bow is optional) it is worth a weeding to carry out the next morning after irrigation, when the ground is still wet and the weary grass is easily removed from it.
As a rule, the onion ripens by the end of August, the signal to that, usually, serves the yellowing of feathers. However, if they are not the wishes, even by the end of the first decade of August, you can start collecting a harvest - carefully remove it from the ground and lay it out for drying on a garden (on the onion for the night is necessarily removed into the economic building). Drying rarely takes more than five days. Then the feather is clipped, the root system is also removed using a knife.
The cultivation of a bow of seeds is not a bit of trouble, because it practically does not require any particular care or some kind of complex agricultural engineering. The main thing is to comply with the dates of landing and exercise timely and inextful watering.
One of the most useful, and therefore popular garden plants is onions, and all its types - the ones, sometimes, chalot, bobber, slim and others. Onions plant for an extraction for greens in winter timeIt is added to salads, soups, side dishes, meat, fish and vegetable dishes. In this article, we will tell you when sowing onions on seedlings, how to grow onion seedlings at home when and how to plant it in bed.
In order for the bow to be healthy, it is necessary to determine the days favorable for its sowing, and for this you need to contact the lunar sowing calendar.
In 2019. favorable days For sowing onion, the seedlings are:
In areas with a short summer, the cultivation of a bow through the seedlings is better to exercise, since this method can significantly accelerate the development of plants. Since the seedlings of 50-60 days seedlings are planted in the soil, sowing onions in the seedlings need to be produced approximately in the middle or late February. Usually, the rose rose is grown in two years: first sow Chernushka (seeds) on the north (fine-leaf), and on next year Grown from Sevka Republic. But some arrangements of Luke have time to ripen in 130 days, so it makes sense to growprint from them in one season, and to speed up the process, the onions are grown through seedlings.
It should be known that for a seaside method, mostly sweet and penks and the peninsoles are suitable, for example, such as amphora, a lord, mercen, bump, annual Siberian, as well as hybrids excisisy, Sterling, Candy, Stardast and others.
The best soil for the cultivation of the seedlings of the onion is the hardening ground with humus in equal proportions. The one who is not looking for lightweight paths can prepare the ground from the sifted garden land and the sifted compost with the addition of coconut substrate and vermiculite.
For a couple of weeks before sowing the substrate, it is necessary to warm up 5 minutes in the microwave oven included at full capacity, or to do 15 minutes in the oven at a temperature of 200 ºC, and you can simply spill the soil with a strong heatman solution. After disinfection, cover the substrate with a film and hold it to sowing in a warm place.
In the photo: planted onion seedlings
Since the onions seeds quickly lose their germination, when buying, be sure to check their expiration date. Before sowing, seeds should be treated: they are placed in a gauze bag and are lowered into a solution of 1 g of manganese in 1 liter of water in a solution, after which the seeds of 18 hours are kept in the epin solution prepared according to the instructions, and then dried to the flowability.
You can conduct pre-sowing seed treatment with another way: two weeks before sowing, put the seeds for warming up on the central heating battery or to another non-flammable heating device, and simply hold the seeds in the disinfecting solution of manganese, rinse and dry.
For growing seedlings, it is more convenient to use boxes or cassettes with cells in which the prepared substrate is poured. In the cassette, seeds are sowing 3-4 pieces into each cell, and when it is crushed in a box, the chernoby is laid out on the surface of the aligned soil at a distance of 1 cm from each other, sprinkled on top of the soil layer with a thickness of 5-7 mm, slightly pressed and spray from the sprayer with a solution of 15 Droplets of energy in 250 ml of water, then covered with a film and placed in a warm dark place. Before the appearance of germination, which may seem after 5-6 days, crops contain at 18-25 ºC.
This variety with large bulbs weighing up half aoline and a coolest taste without bitterness was bred by Dutch breeders. The only disadvantage of the variety is a short shelf life. In the warm regions, this onion is grown by sowing directly into the ground, but onions are taken in the Urals and in Siberia, the onions are excised across seedlings.
Sowing onions are excisishaced at seedlings at the end of February or early March, pre-showing seeds for several hours in warm water. After that, the seeds wrap in a wet fabric and kept in a warm place 2-3 days, not allowing tissue to dry. Then, the seeds of 8 hours are disinfected in the heatman's solution, heated to 40 ºC.
In the photo: Bow germing in tablets
In the box seed seeds are excised at a distance of 4-5 cm between the rows and close to a depth of 1.5 cm, after which the crops are covered with the film and contains shootouts at a temperature of 20-25 ºC. But if you are not constrained by housing conditions, it is better to sow this variety in individual pots.
The onion seeds are disinfected in a solution of manganese, then hold the day in warm water, dried, after which they are decomposed on the surface of the nutrient soil, only slightly sprinkle with top of the soil and spray with warm water from the sprayer.
When to plant leek at seedlings? At the end of winter or early spring. The crops covered with a film are placed in a warm place waiting for shoots. Caring for sowing at this stage is daily ventilation and disposal from the condensate film.
Onions - the plant is unpretentious, and raise the seedlings from the Chernushka is completely simple, so there is no point in buying onion seedlings. Yes, and, frankly, you can hardly succeed, because among the announcements there are suggestions for the sale of seeds and seeds, but no one offers to buy seedlings of Luke.
Growing onion from seeds does not tire you. As soon as the first segments are shown, crops are released from the coating, tolerate to light and lower the temperature to 10-12 ºC. After a week, the temperature is raised to 16-18 ºC during the daytime and up to 6-10 ºC in the night. As soon as the seedlings are growing, it is thinned in such a way that a distance of at least 2-3 cm has remained between the seedlings.
Water out the seedlings of the area with an estate water temperature as the upper layer of soil drying. Cannot be allowed Full drying of the substrate, like its convergence.
In the photo: Growing onion seedlings in cassettes
Before disembarking, the open soil seedlings of the Spade Luke should receive at least two feeders with an interval in two weeks with a solution. mineral fertilizer - 20 g of superphosphate, 5 g of potassium chloride and 10 g of urea are divorced in 10 liters of water. You can feed the seedlings of the onion diluted in the ratio of 1:10 by the infusion of chicken litter.
The seedling of the onion is exhibited well spoke to the fertilizer with a solution of 1 g of nitrate in 1 liter of water.
Since the sowing of Luke at seedlings is carried out at the end of winter, which appeared to shoot almost certainly there will be lack of lighting, because at this time the day is still short. And seedlings need a twelve-hour daylight, otherwise it will begin to stretch.
To avoid the deformation of the seedlings, an additional light source is placed on them at a distance of 20-25 cm, the LED, or a luminescent lamp, which, from the moment of the appearance of germs, the three days should work constantly, and then at least 12 hours a day - for example, from 7 to 19 hours. The use of incandescent lamps for artificial lighting does not give the desired result.
The cultivation of the seedlings of the onion excisisy involves the custody, more precisely trimming in the stage of development of the third sheet - the leaves of the seedlings are shortening for two thirds of the height. This is done so that seedlings do not lie down and did not break.
In the repellent period, with normal leek, the onions are rarely amazed by diseases or pests, but still the troubles of this kind happen. From pests, seedlings may annoy the Lukovaya Fly, to combat the insecticide solutions of the type of actara, muggy, earth or other similar drugs.
In the photo: planted in the ground seedlings
Seedlings can hit blackleg, Developing against the background of systematic rejuvenation of soil, and perronosporosis, or false mildew - fungal diseases, the pathogens of which die during the treatment of seedlings with a single object solution of burgundy fluid, and in the development phase 4-5 leaves the seedlings are better treated with Ridomil Gold MC.
In general, when proper care Online seedling is rarely ill, and the leek flies at home appear infrequently.
From the middle to the end of April, when 50-60 days will take place from the moment of sowing, the seedlings will develop 3-4 sheets, they are planted in an open ground, if he is already good for this time. Two weeks before disembarking, the seedlings begin to temper, pulling it onto a balcony, a veranda or in the garden first for 10-15 minutes, but every day increasing the duration of the session until the seedlings are adapting to the conditions in which they will soon be.
The area for onions should be open, sunny, located away from bushes and trees that can obstruct the growing onions from sunlight. The ground on the site should be prepared in advance, from autumn. For onions optimal are the sampling soils, in which it is necessary to deposit on each m² of 2 buckets of compost or humoring, 2 liters of wood ash and 50-60 g of complex mineral fertilizer.
In the photo: Onions on the garden
In the spring, before planting, the surface of the site is aligned, the grooves of a depth of 4-5 cm on it at a distance of 30 cm from each other and spill them well. Seedlings need to be inspected and painted - only developed and intact seedlings can be planted on the garden. The leaves of seedlings are cut by a third of the length to reduce moisture evaporation. The roots are also shortened, after which they are lowered into a bolt, consisting of infusion cowboy and clay.
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