The heat pump is a device that can provide your home heating in winter, summer cooling and hot water production all year round.
The heat pump uses the energy of renewable sources - heated air, earth, rock breeds or water - for the production of thermal energy. This transformation is carried out with the help of special substances.
Structurally, any thermal pump consists of two parts: the outer, which "takes" the heat of renewable sources, and internal, which gives it heat to the heating system or air conditioning. Modern thermal pumps are characterized by high energy efficiency, which in practical terms means the following - consumer, i.e. The owner of the house, using a heat pump, spends heating or cooling his dwelling, on average, just a quarter of the money he would have spent if there was no thermal pump.
In other words, in the system with a thermal pump of 75% of useful heat (or cold) is ensured due to free sources - the heat of the earth, groundwater or heated in the premises and emitted to the street used.
Consider how it acts perhaps the most popular thermal pump working at the expense of the heat of the Earth. The work of the heat pump occurs in several cycles.
The outer part of the "earth" heat pump is a closed pipe system, buried to the ground to a certain depth, where the temperature is stable all year round and is 7-12 ° C. To "collect" a sufficient amount of energy of the Earth, it is required that the total area occupied by the underground pipe system was 1.5-2 times the entire heated area of \u200b\u200bthe house. These pipes are filled with a refrigerant, which heats up to the temperature of the Earth.
The refrigerant has a very low boiling point, therefore it is capable of putting into a gaseous state at a soil temperature. Next, this gas enters.
It is this compressor that consumes all the energy necessary for the operation of the heat pump, but compared, for example, with heating from, these costs are noticeably lower. By comparing costs, we will return later.
So, heated to a temperature of 7-12 ° C, the gaseous refrigerant from underground pipes in the compressor chamber is strongly compressed, which leads to its sharp heating. To understand this just remember how the usual cycling pump is heated when you pump the tire. The principle is the same.
Host on a note
"Thermal pump is modern heating. But the real values \u200b\u200bof the effectiveness of heat pumps depend on the temperature conditions, i.e. In cold days, their effectiveness falls. It is about 150% at temperatures -20 ° C, and about 300% at a source temperature of +7 ° C. "
After the compression cycle, we got hot high-pressure steam, which is already supplied to the inner, "home" part of the heat pump. Now this gas can be used for air heating system or to heat water in the water heating system and hot water supply. Also, this hot pair can be used with the "" system.
Giving heat into the heating system, hot gas is cooled, condensed and turns into a liquid.
This liquid enters the expansion valve, where its pressure decreases. Now the low-pressure liquid refrigerant is again sent to the underground part to heating to the temperature of the Earth. And all the cycles are repeated.
For each 1 kW of electricity consumed by the heat pump to work its compressor, on average, about 4 kW of the useful thermal energy is produced. This corresponds to 300% of efficiency.
Comparison of heating with a heat pump with other methods.
The data are represented by the European Association of Heat Pumps (EHPA)
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Type of heating |
Energy Efficiency,% |
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It should be understood that the performance of thermal pumps differ, depending on the specific conditions in which your device acts. So, if you use the "earthy" heat pump, and you have clay soil on the site, then the effectiveness of the heat pump will be roughly twice as much as if the pipes of the heat pump were lying in the sandy soil.
It should also be remembered that the underpassing should be labeled below the ground freezing mark. Otherwise, the heat pump will not work at all.
The real values \u200b\u200bof the effectiveness of thermal pumps depend on the temperature conditions, i.e. In cold days, their effectiveness falls. It is about 150% at temperatures -20 ° C, and about 300% at a source temperature of +7 ° C. But technology does not stand still - modern models are of greater energy efficiency, and this trend is preserved.
According to its principle, the thermal pump is similar or. Therefore, in the summer, it can not be used for heating at home, but for cooling or conditioning. Recall that, if we are talking about "earthy" heat pump, then the temperature of the soil is stable in the range of 7-12 ° C year-round. And with the help of a heat pump, it can be transmitted to the premises of the house.
The principle of operation of the cooling system with a heat pump is similar to the heating system, only instead of radiators are used. With passive cooling, the coolant simply circulates between the fan coils and the well, i.e. The cold from the well enters the air conditioning system directly, but the compressor itself does not work. If passive cooling is not enough, the thermal pump compressor is turned on, which additionally cools the coolant.
Household heat pumps are 3 main types, differing in external heat source:
The most popular are thermal pumps that use the heat of the Earth. There was a question above them. These are the most effective, but the most expensive of all types. Pipes leaving underground can be vertically or horizontally. Depending on this, "earthy" heat pumps are divided into vertical and horizontal.
Vertical thermal pumps Supports of pipes for which the refrigerant circulates to a significant depth: 50-200 m. True, there is an alternative - to make not one such a well, but several, but more "small". The distance between such wellbones should be at least 10 m. To calculate the depth of drilling, you can roughly estimate that a thermal pump with a capacity of 10 kW will require a well (one or more) total depth of about 170 m. It should also be remembered that it is useless to be very small - less 50 m - wells.
For horizontal laying expensive drilling for greater depth is not required. The depth of the junction of pipelines in this method is about 1 m, depending on the installation region, this value can be as decreased and increase. In this method, the pipe with the refrigerant is stacked so that the distance between neighboring sites was at least one and a half meters, otherwise the heat collection is not effective.
Host on a note
"If you live in a moderate climate zone - for example, in the North-West, the most effective option for you is a heat pump that uses the heat of the Earth. Moreover, it is better to install the vertical version of the heat pump - especially if your home is on rocky rocks. "
For the installation of a thermal pump with a capacity of 10 kW, the total length of the burned pipe is required. If you take into account the limitations associated with the neighborhood of different sections between yourself, then you will need a plot of land with dimensions of 20 by 20 meters. Is there such a free plot in stock - a big question.
If you live in a moderate climate zone - for example, in the North-West, the most effective option for you is a heat pump using heat of the Earth. Moreover, it is better to install a vertical version of the heat pump - especially if your home is on rocky rocks, where to find a free extensive area of \u200b\u200bland is problematic. But this type of thermal pump is the most expensive in the amount of capital costs.
In the zone with a mild climate - for example, in Sochi - you can install the air-water thermal pump, which does not require excessive capital costs and is particularly effective in the area, where seasonal temperature fluctuations are relatively small.
Depending on the principle of operation, there are also. More popular models operating from electricity.
Another important remark. A good idea is the combined models of thermal pumps, which combine the classic version of the heat pump with a gas or electric heater. Such heaters can be used in adverse weather conditions when the efficiency of the heat pump decreases. As already mentioned, a particularly reduced efficiency is characteristic of air-water thermal pumps and air-air.
The combination of these two heat sources makes it possible to reduce the cost of capital costs and increase the payback period of the heat pumping unit.
The main advantage of thermal pumps are their low operating costs. Those. The cost of produced heat or cooling for the end user is the lowest compared to other methods of heating / air conditioning. In addition, the thermal pump system is almost safe for the home. Consequently, the requirements for ventilation systems of its premises are simplified and the level of fire safety increases. What also has a positive effect on the cost of installing these systems.
Thermal pumps are easy to use and are very reliable, and also - almost silent.
Another plus - you can easily switch the heat pump with cooling heating if necessary. It is only necessary to have at home not only heating, but also fanocyals.
What is a heat pump for home ✮ More selection of heat pumps on the site portal
But they have and cons, the main of which is the revolving side of the main advantage - the capital costs of their installation are very significant. Another disadvantage of heat pumps until recently was a relatively low coolant temperature - no more than 60 C. But the latest developments allowed the opportunity to eliminate this disadvantage. True, the price of such models is higher than the standard.
From year to year before buying equipment for heating their homes, consumers arises a legitimate issue of saving funds on the heating process. This moment is worried about many due to the permanent increase in prices for all known fuels. Several tens of years ago, scientists were offered an alternative option - to produce energy from the surrounding space. This system received the name of heating heat pumps and is effectively used in European countries and Japan.
The equipment allows you to produce home heating and maintain a constant temperature in the cold season. In summer, such a system will help avoid heat in the room, since many pumps are equipped with a reverse cooling function. Each host has the right to choose for himself the only appearance of the heating of the house and heating water. But the main aspects of the use of heat units that determine the demand are: environmental cleanliness, safety of operation, comfortable conditions, efficiency, long period of work, acceptable design.
An annual increase in the cost of energy carriers leads to the fact that consumers prefer the installation of expensive equipment for home heating, which does not require the cost of purchasing gas, solid or liquid fuel. The heat pumps do not need serious periodic service and they work for a longer period.
In some homes, more than 150 m2 are used geothermal methods of heating together with a backup heating boiler. Such a combination allows you to recoup the invested funds after 5 years of use. The heat of low potentiality of the pump transforms into a constant coolant with a temperature of not lower than 75ºС. At the same time, the spent kilowatt of electrical energy contributes to the release of about 6 kilowatt thermal.
In the summer, the passive cooling model allows you to circulate along the contour of the coolant, which is cooled in the ground, where the temperature is 5-7ºС. Electricity spent on the operation of the circulation pump is much cheaper than the work of the standard air conditioning of the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe house at the hot season.
To increase the efficiency of the pump operation, you can connect additional contours to heat the pool, use the energy of the solar collector in the summer.
The planet is a split core coated with a thick layer of solid. Someday the core will cool, as unlike stars, the earth does not have its source of heat. But talking about the duration of the period for which the temperature of the soil will change, since even our civilization will not feel it. That's why soil at a relatively small depth of up to 50 m exists in constantly heated state, with a temperature of about 12ºС. The depth may differ from the area indicated depending on the climate of the area.
Thermal geothermal pumps can be used even in the zones of permafrost, only to seek warmth will have to be at great depth.
The heat pump is used to extract low energy energy. It converts it into high-temperature energy for transferring the heat carrier in the contour of the heating system. The work of the pump is based on the use of physical and chemical laws. The masses of air, water and land around are constantly accumulated solar energy, which is used in the operation of the heating system.
The installation of the thermal heating pump resembles the operation of the refrigerator, only in the reverse order. In the refrigeration unit there is a freezer (evaporator)which supplies it with a cold. An excessive amount of heat enters the condenser grille behind the refrigerator and is thrown into the air.
The heat pump has an evaporator, located in such a place that it is in contact with the source of the natural energy of low heat:
In such a geothermal device, the capacitor operates as a heat transfer device that has been heat transfer to heating the coolant in the heating circuit of the house, which is finally distributed in the calorifers and radiators.
For deployed concepts imagine the contour in which the chemical element refrigerant is movingpresenting there in the form of liquid or gas. Its movement occurs due to the work of the compressor. The refrigerant is heated when compressing, therefore an expansion valve is added in the design.
There are two heat exchanger in the system. One of them works as an evaporator in a cold area and serves to reduce air temperature or water on the principle of air conditioner or refrigerator. The second works as a condenser in the hot area and heats the water for the heating system.
The residual action is to determine the source for the collection of heat, which gives the energy to probes, the contours of the pipes of high length at the bottom of the reservoirs or below the waterproof point, air sources.
Manufacturers predict the life of at least 20 years, but such concepts like friction and wear will bring the pump much earlier. You can actually set the duration of the heat equipment without repair in 10-12 years.
Are free heat generator. At a depth where the soil never freezes, a plus stable temperature is kept, which does not change depending on the season.
For the collection of low-temperature heat from the soil, two methods are used:
It is possible to collect a sufficient amount of heat in water masses in case there is a non-freezing lake with running water or highly rises groundwater. Pipeline of high length is stacked on the bottom, fixed with the help of cargo, which are placed at the rate of 5 kg per 1store meter. So that the work of the heat exchanger with a length of about 300 meters was effective, the distance between the turns of the pipes should not be less than 1.5 m.
To work such a system, the principle of opening of heat is most often used. It implies that during the movement of groundwater, two wells are made, the first serves to collect the water pump and feed on the heat exchanger. The second discharge of the cooled water is reset.
The risk of a functioning is, the height of the lifting of groundwater may vary depending on the period of rains and the movement of land layers.
The most common and easily accessible source of heat is the atmosphere. The heat exchanger is performed by the type of large radiator With a sufficient number of edges and a fan of blowing. Such a thermal pump is designed for heating and on the supply of hot water to the owners of the house. Often the simplest devices of this type are used to heal water in the winter pools. The cost of electrical energy is minimal.
Exterior heat exchangers are mounted on the roof of the house or on its wall. If powerful equipment is assumed, then it is necessary to create an additional base in the form of a foundation.
Thermal plants, extracting heat from the atmosphere, mostly inverter. AC transformation occurs in them.that allows the compressor to work with full return. When the heat carrier is heated to the desired temperature, the equipment does not stop, only the power is reduced. Thus, the service life of the equipment increases.
Collect heat from the atmosphere and heated fluid in the heating system. Release standard and compact models. You can install both in the process of repairing the building and with the new construction of the house. Provide heat heating of the coolant to 60ºС With outdoor temperatures up to -20ºС. With the hardest work, the capacity reaches 20 kW. Some systems are supplied with additional heating by electricity to work in extreme conditions or heating the system for defrosting.
Gets energy from the depths of the earth by installing special geothermal probes. The system puts two expansion heat exchanger that work on heat and cooling. Installation Power 16 kW. A new system is used, consisting of sequentially connected units-modules up to 6 pieces, consuming total power up to 50 kW.
Pumps are distinguished by high quality laid in the production process. Have a heat exchanger in the form of plates. Almost all important elements are made of stainless steel and its alloys. The expansion tank is easily connected to soil pumps. Power of work 6 kW. All models are equipped with fully automatic control.
They are capable not only to warm water, but also air indoors . These include split systems. Also possible installation of a cascade option with a capacity of up to 50 kW.
Very well established for heating in private homes and industrial facilities. For heat collection, boreholes of various depths, there are all elements of full control automation. Work from deep or surface collectors.
The price of the thermal pump is determined by several factors. This is taken into account the area of \u200b\u200bheated house, the presence of additional pipes of various heating options. In addition, the type of pump installed on the principle of collecting natural heat from the environment and in power is played.
Very much attention is paid to the insulation of the enclosing designs of the residential building, since heat losses will affect the required power of the pump. If for comparison use a thermal unit with a capacity of 10 to 20 kW, In the house with standard heat loss (lapty walls), it will be able to effectively warm the area to 220 m2, in a carefully insulated house, the space will increase to 420m2. And in a fully isolated from heat losses, a modern dwelling by a pump of such power can be successfully dried up to 750 m2.
The price of geothermal equipment includes assembly and earthworks up to the buffer capacity of the heating system of the house and the cost of the heat pump.
In the case of a standard small house with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 130 m2 when using ground heat intake, the cost of equipment will be about 430,000 rublesAnd the installation will cost 300,000 rubles. The use of a horizontal soil collector will reduce the cost of installing up to 150,000 rubles, but the price of the equipment will remain the same.
The cheapest heating system for such a house can be considered a system of air intake and transmission to its water heat carrier. The equipment price is significantly lower and is about 350,000 rubles, Cost of installation at the same time 80,000 rubles.
If we talk about deep drilling wells in areas with a reduced point of freezing and for heating a house with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 400 m2, then the cost of equipment can reach 800,000 rublesMounting work will cost 355,000 rubles.
The use of soil, water and air thermal pumps will greatly facilitate the life of the home teams that will not focus on the billet of fuel, its transportation and storage. In addition, the comfort and lack of permanent service needs will make the system indispensable for each consumer.
The heat pump is a device that heats the water of heating and hot water systems, compressing freon, originally heated from the source of low-precious heat, compressor up to 28 bar. Undergoing high pressure, gaseous coolant with an initial temperature of 5-10 ° C; It highlights a large amount of heat. Which allows you to warm up the coolant of the consumption system up to 50-60 ° C, without the use of traditional fuels. Therefore, it is believed that the heat pump provides the user in the cheapest warmth.
Read more about the advantages and disadvantages Watch the video:
Such equipment has been operated in Sweden, Denmark, Finland and other countries for more than 40 years, at the state level supporting the development of alternative energy. Not so actively, but more confident every year, thermal pumps go to the Russian market.
The purpose of the article:make a review of popular thermal pump models. The information will be useful to someone who seeks to save maximum on heating and hot water supply of their own home.
In theory, heat selection is possible from air, soil, groundwater, wastewater (including from septic and CNS), opened reservoirs. In practice, for most cases, it is proved by the use of equipment that takes thermal energy from air and soil.
Options with heat selection from the septica or sewer pumping station (KNS) are the most tempting. Blowing through the TN coolant from 15-20 ° C, at the output you can get at least 70 ° C. But accepting this option only for the hot water system. The heating circuit reduces the temperature in the "tempting" source. What leads to a number of unpleasant consequences. For example, the frost of wastewater; And if the heat exchange circuit of the heat pump is placed on the walls of the sump, then the septicity itself.
The most popular TN under the needs of CO and DHW are geothermal (using the heat of the Earth) of the device. They are highlighted by the best operational indicators in warm and cold climates, in sand and clay soil with different levels of groundwater. Because the temperature of the soil below the drainage depth almost does not change throughout the year.
The coolant is heated from the source of low-power (5 ... 10 ° C) heat. The pump compresses the refrigerant, the temperature of which is rising (50 ... 60 ° C) and heats the heating system or DHW coolant.
In the process of operation of TN, three thermal circuits are involved:
The process itself looks like this:
The contour of the heat meter
Heat Exchanger
Heating contour
Video with a detailed process description:
We give the cost of connecting each type of heating. To represent the general picture, take the Moscow region. In the regions, prices may differ, but the price ratio will remain the same. In the calculations we accept that the "naked" section - without gas and electricity.
Heat pump.Laying the horizontal contour at the prices of MO - 10,000 rubles per shift of the excavator with a cubic bucket (selects up to 1,000 m³ of soil in 8 hours). The system for home in 100 m² will be buried in 2 days (valid for a loam, on which you can remove up to 30 W thermal energy with 1 mp contour). About 5,000 rubles will be required to prepare the contour to work. As a result, the horizontal option of placement of the primary circuit will cost 25,000.
The well will be more expensive (1,000 rubles for the temporon meter, taking into account the installation of probes, the strapping of them into one highway, refueling the coolant and crimping.), But significantly more profitable for future operation. At a smaller busy area of \u200b\u200bthe site, the return increases (for a well 50 m - at least 50 W from a meter). The needs of the pump are covered, additional potential appears. Therefore, the entire system will not work for wear, but with some power reserve. Place 350 meters of contour in vertical wells - 350 000 rubles.
A gas boiler. In the Moscow region for connecting to the gas network, work on the plot and the installation of the Mosoblgaz boiler requests from 260,000 rubles.
Electric boiler. The connection of the three-phase network will cost 10,000 rubles: 550 - local power grids, the rest - to the distribution shield, counter and other filling.
To work TN with a thermal power of 9 kW 2.7 kW / h of electricity - 9 rubles. 53 kopecks. at one o'clock,
Specific heat during combustion of 1 m³ of gas is the same 9 kW. Household gas for MO set 5 rubles. 14 cop. per cube.
Electrocotel consumes 9 kW / h \u003d 31 rubles. 77 kopecks. at one o'clock. The difference with TN - almost 3.5 times.
Comparing all the options for heating, subject to the creation of the system "from scratch", it becomes obvious: the gas will not be much more profitable geothermal heat pump, and heating with electricity in the future 3 years hopelessly loses to both these options.
With detailed calculations in favor of the operation of the heat pump, you can read the video from the manufacturer:
Some additions and experience of efficient operation are covered in this video:
When choosing equipment from all variety of characteristics, pay attention to the following characteristics.
| Characteristics | Range of values | Features |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal power, kW | Up to 8. | Premises with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 80 - 100 m², with a ceiling height of not more than 3 m. |
| 8-25 | For single-level country houses with 2.5m ceiling, with an area of \u200b\u200b50 m²; Cottages for permanent residence, up to 260 m². | |
| Over 25. | It is advisable to consider for 2-3 levels of residential buildings with 2.7m ceilings; Industrial objects are no more than 150 m², with a ceiling height of 3 or more. | |
| Power consumption of basic equipment (limit consumption of auxiliary elements) kW / h | From 2 (from 6) | Characterizes the power consumption of the compressor and circulation pumps (TEN). |
| Scheme of work | Air-air | Transformed thermal energy of air is transmitted to the room with a stream of heated air through the split system. |
| Air - Water | The energy removed from the air passed through the device is transmitted to the heat carrier of the liquid heating system. | |
| Brine-water | The transmission of thermal energy from the renewable source performs sodium or calcium solution. | |
| Water-water. | According to the open primary contour highway, groundwater carry heat energy directly to the heat exchanger. | |
| The temperature of the coolant at the exit, ° С | 55-70 | The indicator is important for calculating losses on a long heating circuit and when organizing an additional hot heat system. |
| Network voltage, V | 220, 380 | Single-phase - power consumption no more than 5.5 kW, only for a stable (low-loaded) household network; The cheapest - only through the stabilizer. If there is a 380 V network, then three-phase appliances are preferable - a larger power range, less likely to "delay" the network. |
In the article, we reviewed the most popular models, revealed their strengths and weaknesses. With a list of models, you can find in the following table:
| Model (country manufacturer) | Features | price, rub. |
|---|---|---|
|
Heat pumps for heating small rooms or under DHW |
||
| 1. | Air-water system; works from a single-phase network; The protruding condensation line is inserted into the tank with water. | 184 493 |
| 2. | "Ross-water"; powered by a three-phase network; variational power control; The ability to connect additional equipment - recuperator, high-temperature equipment. | 355 161 |
| 3. | The heat pump type "Air - Water" with power supply from the network 220V and the freezing protection function. | 524 640 |
| Equipment for heating systems of cottages under permanent PMZ | ||
| 4. | Scheme "Water - Water". In order for the TN to give a stable 62 ° C heat carrier in the heating system, the possibility of a set of compressor and pumps (1.5 kW) complements the electric heater with a capacity of 6 kW. | 408 219 |
| 5. | On the basis of the air-water scheme, in one device consisting of two blocks, the potentials of cooling and heating devices are implemented. | 275 000 |
| 6. | "Ross-Water", the device warms the coolant for radiators up to 60 ° C, can be used in the organization of cascade heating systems. | 323 300 |
| 7. | In one case with a geothermal pump, a storage tank is placed for a hot water system, 180 liters of heat carrier | 1 607 830 |
| Powerful heat pumps for the needs of heating systems and hot water supply | ||
| 8. | Possible selection of heat from soil and groundwater; Operation is possible as part of cascade systems and remote control; Works from a three-phase network. | 708 521 |
| 9. | "Ross-water"; The capacity control of the compressor and the frequency of rotation of circulation pumps is carried out by frequency adjustment; additional heat exchanger; Network - 380 V. | 1 180 453 |
| 10. | the scheme of work "Water-water"; built-in pumps of primary and secondary contour; It is possible to connect heliosystems. | 630 125 |
Purpose - economical heating of residential and auxiliary premises, maintenance of a hot water system. The lowest consumption (up to 2 kW) is allocated single-phase models. To protect against voltage jumps in the network, they need a stabilizer. The reliability of three-phase, is explained by the peculiarities of the network (the load is distributed evenly) and the presence of own protective chains that prevent damage to the device during voltage drops. The equipment of this category does not always cope with the simultaneous maintenance of the heating system and the hot water supply circuit.
Huch ENTEC Vario is not independently operated. Only in the bundle with the accumulative tank of the system of hot water supply. TN warms water for sanitary needs, cooling the air indoors.
Of the advantages, a small power consumption of the device, an acceptable water temperature in the DHW circuit and the system cleaning function (periodic short-term heating to 60 ° C) from pathogenic bacteria developing in a humid environment.
The disadvantages are that gaskets, flanges and cuffs, must be purchased separately. Necessarily original, otherwise there will be flocks.
When calculating it is necessary to remember that the device pumps 500 m³ of air per hour, so the minimum area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which Huch Entec Vario is installed, should be at least 20 m², with a ceiling height of 3 or more.
The model is declared as "intellectual" equipment, with automatic setting for the needs of the object. An inverter compressor power circuit has been introduced - it is possible to adjust the output power.
The presence of such a function with a small number of consumers (water-separation points, heating radiators), makes the heating of a small home more profitable than in the case of the usual, non-converter TN (in which there is no smooth start of the compressor and the output power is not regulated). Because NIBE, with small power values, the agents are rarely included, and their own maximum thermal pump consumption is not more than 2 kW.
Under the conditions of a small object, noise (47 dB) is not acceptable. The optimal option is a separate room. The strapping is placed on the walls not adjacent to rest rooms.
"From the box" works only on heating in one contour. Optionally suggests a set for connecting a second circuit, with the possibility of independent setting for each. But the heat pump itself is designed for the room heating system to 100 m², with a ceiling height of not more than 3 meters.
In the list of advantages - small dimensions, work from the household power grid, adjustment of the temperature at an exit of 8 ... 55 ° C, which by the plan of the manufacturer should somehow affect the comfort and accuracy of controlling the connected systems.
But everything crossed low power. In our climate, heating the declared 100 m², the device will work for wear. What is confirmed by frequent device transitions to "alarm" mode, with turning off pump and errors on the display. Case is not a warranty. Fixed restart equipment.
"Alarms" affect the consumption of electricity. Because when the compressor is silent, a TEN is turned on to work. Therefore, the joint connection of CO and Warm Paul (or DHW) contours is permissible at the facility with an area of \u200b\u200bnot more than 70 m².
Here are geothermal, air and water (removable thermal energy from groundwater) devices. The declared output power (at least 8 kW) is sufficient to ensure all the consumer systems of summer houses (and permanent residences) of homes. Many thermal pumps of this category have cooling mode. Implemented inverter power schemes are responsible for the smooth start of the compressor, due to its smooth operation, the delta is reduced (temperature difference) of the coolant. The optimal mode of operation of the contour (without unnecessary overheating and heating) is maintained. Which allows us to reduce the consumption of electricity in all modes of operation of TN. The greatest economic effect is in the air-air devices.
The use of water from the well as a coolant of the first circuit (only VWW) made it possible to simplify the design and reduce the price of TN without loss in performance.
The device is characterized by small power consumption in the main mode of operation and low noise.
Minus Vaillant - water demands (known cases of damage to the supply line and heat exchanger with iron and manganese compounds); It should be eliminated to work with sole-containing waters. The situation is not a warranty, but if the installation was performed by the specialists of the service center, that is, who to put claims.
It is necessary to dry, the unscrupulous room, the volume of at least 6.1 m³ (2.44 m² at a 2.5 m ceiling). Dumping under the pump is not a marriage (condensation is allowed from the surfaces of the circulated contours).
Thermal pump of the air-water system. The device is 2 modules: the outer takes the thermal energy in the air masses, the internal transforms and transmits its heating system.
The main plus is universality. You can configure, both for heating and to cool the object.
The lack of this LG Therma series is that its (and the entire line) of the potential is not enough for the needs of the cottage, with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 200 m².
Important point: Work blocks of a two-component system cannot be cut by more than 50 m in a horizontal plane and 30 m vertically.
The WPF 10MS model is the most powerful of STIELEBEL ELTRON thermal pumps.
Among the advantages - automatically adjusted heating mode and the ability to connect 6 devices into a cascade (this is a parallel or sequential connection of instruments in order to increase consumption, pressure or emergency reserve organization) system, up to 60 kW.
The minus is that the organization of a powerful power grid, for simultaneously connecting 6 such devices, is possible only with the permission of the local division of Rostechnadzor.
There is a feature in installing modes: after making the necessary adjustments to the program, you should wait until the control lamp goes out. Otherwise, after closing the cover, the system will return to the source settings.
A powerful device for simultaneously providing heat with CO, DHW and a warm floor of a residential building, an area of \u200b\u200bup to 130 m².
Programmable and user-controlled modes; In the framework of the specified parameters, all served outlines are controlled; There is a built-in drive (for the needs of DHW) for 180 liters and auxiliary heaters.
Of the shortcomings, the impressive potential that will not be fully involved in the house of 130 m²; The price, due to which the payback period is stretched for an indefinite period; Not implemented in the basic configuration automatic adaptation for external climatic conditions. Thermistors (thermal resistors) of the environment are installed optionally. That is, with changes in the external temperature, it is proposed to adjust manually operating mode.
To complete the need for thermal energy of residential and commercial buildings, with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 200 m². Remote control, cascade operation, interaction with recuperators and heliosystems - expand the user's capabilities in creating a comfortable temperature.
Modification DS 5027.5 AI is the most powerful in the Ecotouch line. Stably heats the heating circuit coolant and provides thermal energy of the DHW system in rooms up to 280 m².
Spiral (the most productive of the existing) compressor; Adjusting the flow rate of the coolant allows you to obtain stable output temperature indicators; color display; Russified menu; Neat appearance and low noise. Each detail for comfortable operation.
In the active use of water dispensers, fan are included, which is why power consumption increases by 6 kW / h.
Powerful equipment to provide thermal energy hot water supply and heating contours of a multi-level cottage with permanent accommodation.
Instead of an additional heater for the DHW, the flux of hot water is involved with the supply of the heating circuit. Passing already hot water through a steam detergent, heat pump warms water in an additional heat exchanger of DHS up to 90 ° C. The stable temperature in CO and the GWS tank is maintained by automatically adjusting the rates of circulation pumps. Suitable for cascading connection (up to 8 tons).
There are no shades for the heating circuit. Additional resources are selected from any combined boiler - the control unit will take so much heat from it as required in a particular case.
When calculating the place of installation of the heat pump, it is necessary to leave a gap of 300 mm between the wall and the rear surface of the device (for the convenience of monitoring and servicing communications).
The role of the coolant of the first circuit is groundwater. Hence the constant temperature on the first heat exchanger, and the highest coefficient of litter.
Among the advantages - auxiliary electric heater of low power on the first circuit and a corporate controller (in fact - a wireless remote control) for remote control.
The minus is the efficiency of the circulation pump, the state of the highway and heat exchanger of the first contour depends on the quality of the distilted groundwater. Filtration is required.
Exclude the emergence of difficult problems with expensive equipment, the analysis of groundwater will help. Which should be made before buying the water-water thermal pump.
Many years of experience in the production and operation of heat pumps in Northern Europe allowed our compatriots to reduce the area of \u200b\u200bfinding the most profitable way to warm up their home. Real options exist under any request.
Is it necessary to provide the heat outline of the DHW or the system of heating a residential building to 80 - 100 m²? Consider the potential Nibe F1155 - His "intellectual" filling saves without damage to heat supply.
The stable temperature in the circuits of the warm floor, CO, the Cottage Cottage in 130 m² will provide a heat exchanger of the DHW (180 liters) heat exchanger.
Gives a constant heat flux at the same time for all consumers. The ability to create a cascade of 8 TN allows you to provide a warm object with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 3,000 m².
To maintain the optimal air temperature inside the room, regardless of the ambient temperature, the heating system is intended. This is a complex of elements that are obtained, transported and transmit a certain amount of heat to all rooms. Disasters coolants:
The home heating system is one of the important and necessary conditions for the building of the buildings. Includes 3 items:
For more than two thousand years, humanity uses pumping equipment. During this time, it was constantly improved and acquired many modifications from which you can allocate two main groups:
Pumps pump water from wells, bowels of the earth, wells, cesspool, increase water pressure in hydraulic systems. Household pumps can be with an electrical power source, with an internal combustion engine or manual.
The most important achievement in the use of pumping equipment is an opportunity to completely eliminate the need to use solid fuel, gas and other purchased heat sources. In Europe, the owners of their homes seek to arrange the heating system operating due to natural energy Through heat pumps. For the domestic market, the installation of such systems is a novelty. Thermal pumps can be part of integrated systems heating and cooling rooms. TN (thermal pumps) are modified depending on the energy source (water, ground, air).
The heat pump is a refrigerator that transfers heat from the inside out.
Such a system includes:
The heat pump consists of:
The general model shows the principle of operation of the system. To easier understand the whole process, we will proceed from simple to complex. First, imagine a closed loop with a gas shown by the compressor. By adding an expansion valve, two areas will be formed in the system: with elevated and reduced pressure. Being compressible gas heats up, and with a decrease in pressure - cools. Moreover, the highest temperature of the gas is noted immediately at exiting the compressor, and the lowest gas temperature in the system is at the outlet point from the expansion valve.
By adding two heat exchanger to the system, on the one hand, the heated gas through the heat exchanger-capacitor will be part of the heat to give the consumer, on the other - the evaporator has already been cooled through the heat exchanger will absorb heat from the external source. This model has the functions of the heat pump.
Full view of TN. It is after connecting to a low-temperature heat source (geothermal probes) and heating system (radiators, warm floors and walls).
In the intermediate circuit, the coolant (refrigerant) circulates, the boiling point of which is slightly above -5 ° C. In one part of the cycle, it is a liquid, and in the other - gas.
Usually used freon. It is originally in a liquid state. As he is heated, its temperature rises. Heating, Freon turns into gas with a temperature of about five degrees.
Further on the chain gas enters the compressor compressing it. As a result, the output is allocated the maximum possible amount of heat (from +35 to + 60-65 ° C). After hot gas enters the condenserwhere there is heat transfer from the coolant contours of the heating system of the room.
Giving most of the thermal energy, the gas-like Freon enters the expansion valve. Passing through this valve, the pressure and temperature drops sharply, the values \u200b\u200bof which at the outlet point from the valve have the smallest values \u200b\u200bin the cycle.
Then the move repeats the circle.
In such an engineering solution, like a thermal pump, is represented by an amazing opportunity to get warm from inexhaustible main natural sources and be independent of the purchased energy carriers. The sun heats the air, water, land. At any time of the year, these sources have low-precious warmth. So thermal pumps are the following categories:
It is known that below the freezing point, the soil has a steadily positive temperature (+ 4-6 ° C). Here are two principles for obtaining heat for heating through:
Horizontal geothermal contour
Required depending on the type of soil:
Too deep, the Earth does not accumulate heat, and there is no need to dig a trench deeper. Polyethylene pipes are stacked depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe horizontal snake (loop, snail) in the trenches, filled with antifreeze (non-freezing fluid), pressed, buried. The total length of the contour is approximately calculated as 5 m. Pipes per 1 m2 of the area heated at home. It is possible to use spiral styling, which saves the area slightly. N. eastern:
pros.
This method is considered as efficient as possible. On average, the return with 1 m2 varies from 30 to 65-75 W in any environmental conditions. In the absence of the possibility of occupying quite large territory under the laying of pipes, it is worth considering the option using vertical contours.
Vertical probes
This method involves drilling multiple wells with a depth of 20 meters. At such a distance from the surface, the Earth begins to heat up and has a temperature of 8-10 ° C and more. Depends the depth of drilling from:
This variant of the device of the heat pump system for the heating of the structure is characterized by:
Cluster drilling
There is a technology of drilling wells that do not require such large areas. This is cluster drilling. Here the difference is that under the well is given up to 4 m2, it can be accommodated under the house. Geothermal heat pumps provide for the use of pipes:
The second option is more expensive, but here the heat transfer indicators from 1 m. P. For the same period of time, and it is also possible to reduce well depth. The service life of such TN (thermal pumps) is 50-70 years.
In the cold season, water has a very warm temperature + 5-7 ° C. The operation of such TN is based on the use of open wells for the fence and reset of groundwater. In practice, two ways are applied:
Air TN systems are much cheaper and easier, but less effective. There are two versions of such pumps:
Split
Presented by external and internal boxes:
Mono
Components are placed in one block. The system is mounted both indoors and outside. The durability of the air TN about 20 years.
Installation of such systems for home heating is different:
The choice in favor of installing the heat pump in the absence of a number of gas pipeline is the most optimal solution. And the competent preliminary calculations for the design of the house, providing for a warm flooring and walls, the use of thermal insulation materials in the construction of enclosing structures, on the choice of the type of heat pump in the complex will give the maximum effect on the operation of the house.
The heat pump is a universal device that functionally combined the characteristics of the air conditioner, the water heater and the heating boiler. This device does not use the usual fuel, it requires renewable sources from the environment - air, soil, water, water.
Therefore, the thermal pump today is the most cost-effective unit, since its work does not depend on the cost of fuel, also environmentally friend, since the heat source is not electricity or combustion products, but natural heat sources.
For a better understanding, how the heat pump is working for heating at home, it is worth remembering the principle of operation of the refrigerator. It evaporates the working substance, giving the cold. And in the pump, on the contrary, it condenses and produces heat.
The whole process of operation of the system is represented as a cycle of carno - named by the name of the inventor. Describe it as follows. The coolant passes through the working circuit - air, earthwood, water, their combinations , where does it go to the 1st heat exchanger - evaporative chamber. Here it transmits the hosted heat of the refrigerant, circulating in the internal circuit of the pump.
Principle of operation of the heat pump heating at home
The liquid refrigerant enters the evaporative chamber, where low pressure values \u200b\u200band temperatures (5 0 s) translate it into a gaseous state. The next stage is the gas transition to the compressor and its compression. As a result, the gas temperature increases sharply, the gas goes into the capacitor, here it is exchanged with heat with the heating system. Chilled gas enters the liquid, and the cycle is repeated.
The operation of thermal pumps for heating at home can be controlled by specially installed thermostators. The pump automatically turns on when the temperature drop is dropped below the specified value and turns off if the temperature exceeds the specified mark. Thus, the device maintains a constant temperature in the room - this is one of the advantages of devices.
The advantages of the device are its economy - the pump consumes a small amount of electricity and environmental friendliness, or absolute environmental safety. The main advantages of the device:
The complex structure of the pump determines its main disadvantage - the high cost of equipment and its installation. To install the device, it is necessary to carry out earthworks in large volumes.
The operation of the heat pump for home heating is possible in a wide temperature range - from -30 to +35 degrees Celsius. The most common absorption devices are most common (tolerate heat through its source) and compression (the circulation of the working fluid is due to the electricity). The most economical absorption devices, however, they are more expensive and have a complex design.
Classification of pumps by type of heat sources:
The coolant can perform:
The geothermal pump for heating at home uses heat soil, which it selects vertical probes or horizontal collector. Probe is placed at a depth of 70 meters, the probe is located at a low distance from the surface. This type of device is most effective because the heat source is quite high permanent temperature throughout the year. Therefore, it is necessary to spend less energy to transport heat.
Such equipment requires high installation costs. High costs are distinguished by works on drilling wells. In addition, the area settled under the collector must be several times the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated home or cottage. Important to remember: The land where the collector is located, can not be used for planting vegetables or fruit trees - plant roots will be overcooked.
The reservoir is a source of a large amount of heat. For the pump, you can use non-freezing reservoirs from 3 meters deep or groundwater with high levels. It is possible to implement the system as follows: The heat exchanger pipe, burdened by the cargo at the rate of 5 kg per 1 meter, is laid on the bottom of the reservoir. The length of the pipe depends on the house of the house. For room at 100 m.kv. The optimal length of the pipe is 300 meters.
In the case of groundwater use, two wells are drilled, located one after the other in the direction of groundwater. The pump feeding water on the heat exchanger is placed in the first well. Cooling water comes into the second well. This is the so-called open heat collection scheme.Its main drawback is that the level of groundwater is unstable and can change significantly.
In the case of air use as a heat source, the heat exchanger is a radiator, a forcibly inflated fan. If a heat pump is running for heating at the air-water system, the user receives advantages:
If the pump works on the air-air system, the coolant for heating the room is not used. Heating is made due to the resulting thermal energy. An example of the implementation of such a scheme can be the usual air conditioner installed on the heating mode. Today, all devices using air as a heat source are inverter. In them, alternating current is converted to a constant, providing flexible control of the compressor and its operation without stopping. And this increases the resource of the device.
Thermal pumps - an alternative to modern heating systems. They are economical, environmentally friendly and safe to use. However, the high cost of installation work and equipment today does not allow the use of devices everywhere. Now you know how the heat pump is working for heating at home and calculating all the pros and cons willing to decide on its installation.
