Urea, or, as is often said, urea is a popular nitrogen fertilizer. It is these substances that stimulate the growth of green mass and accelerate the growth of shoots, and the lack of nitrogen makes the plants frail and weak.
Since urea fertilizer is very popular among summer residents, it makes sense to consider the features of its use in more detail.
Every summer resident knows that nitrogen plays a key role in growing garden crops in the country. The urea solution will help provide plants with this necessary trace element, but you need to know how to prepare it correctly and when it is better to add (Figure 1).
Externally, urea is odorless white granules that dissolve well in water.
Among the main useful properties substances for plants emit:
Figure 1. This is how urea granules look In addition, the product does not contain chlorine, so it can be used to feed absolutely any crops, both in the garden and in the garden.
The main characteristics and properties of urea granules boil down to the fact that they not only effectively feed the plants with the necessary microelements, but also dissolve extremely quickly in water.
Note: It is believed that the solution can be prepared on the basis of water of any temperature, however, in practice, the granules dissolve much better in warm water.
This feature greatly simplifies the use of urea phosphate. For example, if you need to root fertilize and water garden crops, it is not at all necessary to prepare a liquid solution of the drug. You can apply the granules directly to the soil dry and then just water the beds. The fertilizer will dissolve and flow to the roots. In addition, regardless of the method of application, the effect of the application of top dressing occurs within a day after use.
The main component of the substance is nitrogen, which makes up about 50% of the total composition of the granules. Thus, urea can be called the most concentrated on the market.
Note: Once in the soil, urea nitrate reacts with beneficial microorganisms and is converted into ammonium carbonate, which is absorbed by plant roots.
Learn more about the composition of urea will help her chemical formula which looks like this: H2N-CO-NH2. From this it can be concluded that the fertilizer contains not only nitrogen, but also ammonium. Both of these substances are extremely useful for the development of plants, because each molecule of plant protein found in cells is formed precisely with the help of nitrogen.
Figure 2. The components of the substance have a positive effect on the state of plants Accordingly, if plants receive a sufficient amount of this element, they will grow green mass much faster (Figure 2).
Urea, which is used for the vegetable garden and garden, has one feature: it evaporates very quickly and is removed from the soil, therefore, in fact, the plants receive only half of the applied top dressing.
To understand how to properly spray urea, you need to know the principle of action of the diluted substance. The speed of exposure is explained by the fact that immediately after entering the soil, the components of the agent react with soil bacteria and enzymes, and the carbamide is converted into ammonium carbonate. He, in turn, in contact with air, is transformed into ammonia in a gaseous state.
All these chemical transformations explain why it is better to embed the fertilizer into the soil, and not spray on the surface, since when spraying most of substances will simply evaporate. To get a positive result from the use of fertilizer, it must not only be scattered over the surface of the earth, but buried into the ground by 7-8 cm.
Despite the fact that urea is considered a popular universal fertilizer, the use of urea can have both positive and negative aspects. Let us consider in more detail what harm and benefit urea peroxyhydrate can bring to plants.
Among the advantages of using the funds are:
However, this tool also has certain disadvantages. Firstly, if you exceed the dosage and fertilize the soil too much, the excessive concentration of urea in the soil can reduce the germination of seeds.
Secondly, non-observance of the application technology can lead to the fact that the released gaseous ammonia will damage young shoots. In addition, it should be borne in mind that urea is used only as a separate feeding, and never mixed with other fertilizers.
Nitrogen, which is part of urea, can be safely called the very trace element that is responsible for the development of plants. Nutrient solution applied to the soil in early spring, will help plants to wake up faster after wintering and begin to actively build up green mass. This, in turn, helps to increase the productivity of green, fruit and berry and other crops (Figure 3).
Figure 3. The drug is able to replenish the lack of nitrogen It should be borne in mind that urea cannot be used for autumn feeding of plants, since the growth of green mass can weaken the plant before wintering.
As you know, damage to plants can be caused not only by a deficiency, but also by an overabundance of a certain trace element in the ground. To prevent this from happening, you need to familiarize yourself with the recommendations for applying granular fertilizers in advance, which we will consider below.
The advantage of urea is that it can be used to feed any plants in the garden and in the vegetable garden. The only difference is in the selected dosage of the drug, depending on the type of culture and the method of feeding.
For example, dry granules are introduced into the soil at the rate of 50-100 grams per 10 square meters. It is possible not to dilute urea with water, but it is advisable to bring it into wet ground, without fail deepening the granules by 7-10 cm. In addition, immediately after feeding, it is advisable to water the bed abundantly.
A liquid urea solution, intended for the treatment of any crops, should consist of 200 grams of working solution for every 10 square meters of land. It is important to take into account that the concentration of the working solution is different for vegetables and fruit and berry crops. For vegetable crops, it is necessary to prepare a mixture of 50 grams of urea dissolved in 10 liters of water, and for trees and shrubs - 100 grams of the substance for the same amount of liquid.
Urea can also be applied dry, pouring 4-5 grams of the substance into the planting hole. Knowing that about 10 grams of fertilizer is placed in a tablespoon, you can easily calculate the required dosage.
Unfortunately, urea is practically not combined with other fertilizers, so it will have to be added to the soil separately. First of all, urea and calcium nitrate, as well as urea with ash, lime, chalk, gypsum and superphosphate, are not combined. The fact is that these fertilizers will eliminate each other's properties, and there will be no effect from such fertilizing.
However, if you still need to use urea with other dressings, unsuitable options can be replaced, because urea can be used together with potassium nitrate, sulfates, other nitrogen dressings (sodium and ammonium nitrate), and this substance can also be added to manure during preparation compost.
Plants are especially in need of nitrogen fertilizers in spring, when they wake up after wintering and begin to actively build up their green mass. During this period, it is best to use the root feeding method by adding dry urea directly into the hole (Figure 4).
Figure 4. The drug can be applied in dry and liquid form If you missed optimal time, and the plants showed signs of chlorosis, foliar spraying will help to eliminate the nitrogen deficiency. Autumn feeding, as a rule, will not have an effect, since urea decomposes very quickly in the soil, and simply does not have time to reach the plant roots in the required amount.
Determining the lack of nitrogen in plants is quite simple by their appearance, because the deficiency of this element provokes chlorosis, or yellowing of the leaves (Figure 5).
But there are other signs by which it can be established that the concentration of nitrogen in the soil is insufficient:
Figure 5. Signs of nitrogen deficiency However, it is also impossible to be too zealous with feeding, because an excess of nitric acid fertilizers can also have Negative consequences... In this case, plants will develop more slowly in the initial stages of growth, and adult crops will begin to grow too violently green mass. In addition, too large and dark leaves with a slowdown in the formation of ovaries and fruit ripening indicate an excess of nitrogen.
Root feeding is one of the most simple ways use of urea. In this case, the fertilizer is simply laid in the hole when planting or embedded deep into the soil in the garden bed. After adding the substance, the soil must be watered so that the nutrients reach the roots. If the fertilizer is applied dry, 50-100 grams of granules are used per 10 square meters of area (Figure 6).
Figure 6. Root groundbait is carried out with dry matter If you want the plants to get nitrogen faster, you can prepare a liquid urea solution and water the plants under the root. To prepare such a solution, you will need to dilute 200 grams of urea in 10 liters of water. This amount is enough to process 10 square meters of area.
Foliar feeding of plants with urea is considered to be more effective in open ground, since beneficial substances will be absorbed by the roots much faster (Figure 7).
Figure 7. For foliar top dressing by spraying, a liquid solution of the drug is used Since the foliar method involves spraying, the procedure is best carried out in the morning or in the evening, when solar activity is reduced and the beneficial substances will not quickly evaporate. The fertilizer dosage depends on the type of crops being treated: for vegetables, 50 grams of carbamide is diluted in 10 liters of water, and for fruit trees and shrubs - 100 grams per 10 liters.
Urea can also be used to protect plants from diseases and pests. For the purpose of prevention, the treatment of crops is carried out in early spring, before bud break. 70 grams of fertilizer is dissolved in a liter of water, and the branches, trunk and shoots are sprayed.
This method is effective only against pests hibernating under the bark: nematodes, leafworm caterpillars and aphids. Urea from the Colorado potato beetle, unfortunately, does not help. In addition, spraying plants with a solution of this substance will help prevent the development of diseases such as powdery mildew, scab and anthracnose, but in this case, the treatment should be carried out not in early spring, but in autumn.
If you just scatter urea granules over the beds, such feeding will not give a positive result, since chemical compounds decompose under the influence of air. It is much more effective to embed fertilizer in the ground, but in this case, there will be certain nuances.
First of all, they relate to the type of crops cultivated, so we will pay attention to the use of urea in the garden and in the vegetable garden.
The dosage of the drug and the method of its introduction is determined by the type of fed crops (Figure 8). For example, feeding of cucumbers and tomatoes with urea is most often carried out at the stage of planting seedlings or sowing seeds. In this case, 5-10 grams of the substance is added to each well, combining it with superphosphate. Next, the bed needs to be watered, and no further root dressing is carried out. If there are signs of chlorosis, foliar spraying can be done.
Figure 8. Urea is useful for vegetables and seedlings Cabbage does not need to be fed with urea during planting, but the garden bed can be watered with a liquid solution of the drug 3 weeks after planting. To prepare the liquid, 30 grams of the substance will be enough for a bucket of water.
The plot on which the potatoes will be grown is prepared in advance. Approximately two weeks before planting the tubers, 2 kg of substance per 1 hundred square meters are introduced into the soil directly during digging.
The treatment of fruit trees with urea is carried out three times per season: in early spring (even before the buds awaken), during flowering and during the fruiting period, when the first fruits begin to ripen (Figure 9).
Figure 9. The product is used for spraying trees The dosage depends on the age of the tree and its maturity. It will be enough for infertile young specimens to add from 120 to 150 grams of dry matter to the hole dug out on the near-stem circle. Fruit trees require more urea: 170-250 grams per specimen.
Figure 10. Shrubs can be fed with dry and liquid formulation If root feeding is carried out, 20 grams of substance per square meter of planting will be enough. For spraying, you need to prepare a special solution: 50-70 grams of urea per 10 liters of water (Figure 10).
Note: These dosages are suitable for fertilizing raspberries, currants, rose hips and gooseberries.
It is better not to fertilize strawberries with urea, as from an excess of nitrogen, the berries can become too watery and may lose their aroma. Dry urea can also be sprinkled on grape plantings in early spring.
When growing certain crops in your garden, you need to take care of their full care. One of important points feeding remains. Grow without her today good harvest just impossible. While there are many nutrient formulations available, urea is the most popular.
Urea is a synthesized protein compound that has received wide use as a fertilizer for garden and ornamental plants... Thanks to its use, it is possible to accelerate the growth of crops. Urea is a type of nitrogen compound that has been used in agriculture since the 18th century.
Urea is released by synthesis from inorganic substances. It is presented in the form of a granular mixture of milky color. Although today it is possible to purchase this product even in the form of tablets. But what is the price of urea as a fertilizer used in the garden, indicated
Urea as fertilizer
If you study the chemical composition of urea, then almost ½ it consists of pure nitrogen. It dissolves without residue in water and any liquids. If you apply the agent to the soil, then it will dissolve in the water that the crops receive during irrigation. Smoothly entering the plants, urea saturates the root system for a long time and gradually.
In soil, nitrogen changes its chemical composition. From the amide form, it passes into the ammonia form, and then into the nitrate form. Due to such a smooth change in the chemical composition, it is possible to saturate the plant with all the substances necessary for full growth. But what nitrogen fertilizers are for tomato seedlings, it is indicated in detail
On the video - what can be fed with urea:
If it is not used, then nitrogen starvation begins in plants. As a result, it develops poorly and may die. It should be introduced in the early stages of development of fruit trees or berry bushes. In addition, with a lack of nitrogen in the summer, the leaves can turn yellow, and in the spring the buds are formed very weakly.
If you need to deal with scab, purple spot, then you will have to take 500 g of granules and 10 liters of water. Treat at the end of summer, before the plant sheds its leaves. Spraying is allowed to be performed in late autumn, but then 700 g of granules will be needed for 10 liters of water. If you use 250 ml of solution per 1 m2, then be sure that no pests are terrible for the plant.
The video shows how to dilute urea:
It is allowed to use urea as fertilizer for different types soil. Perfect as the main top dressing applied to the ground or for crops. It is in demand in protected ground conditions.
On those lands where waterlogging is observed, watering with urea should be performed in combination with ammonium nitrate. The fact is that this way urea nitrogen is better fixed with the soil and is washed out little by precipitation. Carbide is also used as a base dressing and fertilizer with immediate incorporation into the soil to prevent losses in the form of ammonia gas. It is also worth learning more about how and how to do it correctly.
Top dressing of spring and winter crops with urea is carried out in early June. This is the first root feeding of this crop during the growing season and the only one with use. If you use urea for and garlic, then the bulbs will become small, because the plant will increase the green mass. Add potassium chloride to urea - 10 g per 10 liters of water. For those who want to learn more about the process of watering garlic with urea, you should go to this one.
For the entire growing season, cucumbers grown in the open field should be fertilized 3-4 times. It is used as the first top dressing. It should be done 12-15 days after transplanting. A solution made from 15 g of urea, 60 g of superphosphate and 10 liters of water is perfect for this. stands in thoroughly moistened soil.
For cucumbers
Tomatoes respond positively to urea feeding. For it, it is worth using it when planting and applying it under each bush in the hole in an amount of 15 g in combination with superphosphate.
For tomatoes
If the granules were laid in the ground when planting tomatoes, then you should not add more top dressing. Plants need to be watered regularly and abundantly. But how the tomato is fed with urea after planting in the ground, it is indicated
When planting cabbage, it is not advisable to use urea, but this product is perfect as a first feeding. To do this, it is necessary to prepare a solution obtained from 30 g of urea and 10 liters of water. Water the plants thoroughly before applying it.
For cabbage in the garden
This plant belongs to the fastidious, as it absorbs mineral dressings poorly. To increase yields, like any others, it is necessary to apply fertilizers to the soil before planting. For these purposes, send urea to the ground 10 days before the expected planting of tubers. 1 hundred square meters will take 2 kg of funds.
The video shows the fertilization of potatoes with urea:
For this berry culture, urea is used with extreme caution. It's not a secret for anyone, but if you use nitrogen compounds for feeding it, this will lead to the fact that the berries will lose their taste, become watery, and there will be no pronounced aroma. It will also be useful to know how the
For fruit trees
It is for the third time that the rate of funds should be increased. Apply fertilizer according to the diameter of the trunk circle, taking into account the size of the rhizome. Top the urea with earth. In order for nitrogen to be absorbed as much as possible, the fertilizer should be buried to a depth of 10-20 cm.
For eggplant
Urea is effective option feeding for many garden and ornamental crops. Thanks to her, it is possible to saturate the plants with nitrogen, which is so necessary for their full growth. But it is worth bringing in the product in a strictly designated amount, since an excess of it will lead to negative consequences.
Urea is the most popular fertilizer in the garden. You will learn about the rules of its use from our article.
Urea or urea contains 46% pure nitrogen. This is the richest nitrogen fertilizer. It can be used to care for any crop when plants grow leaf apparatus and stems. This usually happens in the first half of the gardening season.
Mineral fertilizer urea is odorless. These are white balls up to 4 mm in diameter, readily soluble in water. Fertilizer is sold more often in a kilogram package in hermetically sealed plastic bags.
Urea is fire- and explosion-proof, non-toxic. In addition to agriculture, it is used in the production of plastic, resin, glue and as a feed additive in animal husbandry as a protein substitute.
A tablespoon contains 10-12 grams. urea, in a teaspoon 3-4 g, in matchbox 13-15 gr.
Methods for introducing urea:
Plants are fertilized with urea in open and protected ground. In order for the fertilizer to be assimilated, the soil must be moist in the first week after application.
Urea is the best nitrogen-containing substance for foliar application. It contains nitrogen in the most easily assimilated form - amide, and is quickly absorbed. Plants are sprayed at a temperature not exceeding 20 degrees, preferably in the evening or in the morning. The soil must be moist.
Foliar top dressing with urea can be combined with the introduction of trace elements. The addition of urea to any micronutrient solution has been proven to accelerate its absorption. When drawing up a solution for foliar feeding, you need to ensure that the total amount of fertilizer per 1 liter of water does not exceed 5-6 g, otherwise burns will appear on the leaves.
Strawberries are a fruitful crop. It takes out a lot of nutrients from the soil and therefore needs abundant feeding. On poor soils, you cannot count on a good harvest. At the same time, the soil, well filled with phosphorus and potassium, provides the bushes with nutrients. The berries are abundantly tied and ripen well.
If there is no desire or opportunity to cover the strawberries, it is better to feed them at a later date, when abundant foliage will already appear on the plants.
There is an agricultural technique for growing strawberries, when the leaves, after collecting the last berries, are completely mowed. This reduces the number of pathogens on the plantation. Old leaves, together with spores of fungi and bacteria, are removed from the plantation and burned, and new, healthy ones grow on the bushes.
With this method of growing strawberries, it is imperative to carry out a second feeding with urea - in early August, immediately after mowing. Nitrogen will allow the bushes to acquire new leaves before the onset of frost and get stronger for the winter. For the second feeding, a dosage of 0.4-0.7 kg per hundred square meters is used.
Cucumbers are fast-growing, high-yielding crops that respond gratefully to urea feeding. Fertilizer is applied at planting, embedded in the ground. The dosage is 7-8 g per sq. m.
The second time, urea is introduced after the appearance of the first fruits. A tablespoon of fertilizer is dissolved in 10 liters of water and the vines are poured under the root until the root layer is well wet. Urea is not required if cucumbers grow on a manure or compost heap, or when they were planted, a large amount of organic matter was introduced into the soil.
In greenhouses, when the ovaries are shedding and the leaves turn pale, foliar fertilizing with urea is used. Cucumber leaves are sprayed with a solution: 5 g of granules per 1 liter of water. Plants are processed from bottom to top, trying to get not only on the outside, but also on the inside of the leaves.
Urea in the form of foliar nutrition is well absorbed. Already after two days, the protein content in the plants rises.
Urea is not only a fertilizer, but also a means of protection. When the average daily air temperature in spring overcomes the threshold of +5 degrees, the soil and perennial planting treated with a strong urea solution. The buds have not yet swollen at this time, so the concentrate will not harm the plants, but will rid them of the spores of pathogenic fungi and aphid clutches.
Solution preparation:
In the fall, after harvesting, the soil on the site is again sprayed with urea at a dosage of 300 grams. 5 liters. water.
It is impossible to combine urea with superphosphates, fluff, dolomite powder, chalk, saltpeter. With the rest of the fertilizers, urea is combined only in a dry state immediately before application. The granules absorb water, so keep the opened container dry.
Under the action of soil bacteria, carbamide nitrogen is converted into ammonium carbonate, which, upon contact with air, can turn into ammonia gas and evaporate. Therefore, if the granules are simply scattered over the surface of the garden, some of the useful nitrogen will simply be lost. Losses are especially high in alkaline or neutral soil.
Urea granules must be deepened by 7-8 cm.
Urea "spurs" the development of vegetative organs to the detriment of generative ones. Late nitrogen fertilization is bad for the crop.
Nitrogen fertilization is stopped when the plant begins to bloom. Otherwise, it will fatten - develop numerous leaves and stems, and few flowers and fruits will be tied.
All farmers, both experienced and novice, know about urea (carbamide). It is a versatile and highly effective fertilizer for the garden and vegetable garden. Today we will tell you: what urea is, about the rules for using it as a fertilizer, and how to deal with pests in the garden with urea.
Urea (urea)– nitrogen fertilizer in granules, which is widely used in horticulture and horticulture, moreover, it is inexpensive and affordable.
If you use the correct dosage of urea as fertilizer for a particular crop, then the plant will grow well, develop, and give a lot of fruits.
Urea in its pure form is round white or transparent granules, and the fact that it is produced in granules prevents it from caking during transportation and storage. (NH 2) 2 CO is the chemical formula of urea, in which almost half, namely 46% of the total volume, is nitrogen.
Did you know?E927b - food supplement Is a carbamide used in the production of chewing gum.
Urea dissolves in many popular solvents, including plain water, which makes it possible to use it both in pure form (in granules) and in the form aqueous solution the desired concentration.Important!Urea should be carefully protected from moisture during storage, as it is highly moisturized.
In the open-air soil, seedlings are influenced by various factors, even if they were strong at the germination stage. When there is not enough nitrogen in the soil, then you will definitely see this in plants, according to certain signs:
Important!An overabundance of nitrogen in plants is also very harmful, it can then be converted into nitrates, and an overabundance of nitrogen fertilizers in the soil leads to intensive plant growth with the formation of abundant greenery, but at the same time fruiting suffers.
Urea is suitable for all times and methods of application (during sowing, before sowing, during the growing season of plants, foliar feeding before the fruit set).
Urea is used as the main fertilizer before planting on all types of soils and for feeding vegetable, ornamental and fruit crops. It can also be used in protected ground conditions.
Interesting fact!The name of the football club "Amkar" from Perm is an abbreviation for two chemicals, ammonia and urea.
Often, root treatment of plants with urea implies that it is introduced into the ground superficially, with further embedding at different depths.
Easy spreading of urea granules in the rain great benefit won't bring, therefore, it is best to use local application - a pre-made urea solution for garden seedlings is poured with a watering can as close to the roots as possible.
For strawberries, cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, the solution is made at the rate of 20-30 g of carbamide per 10 liters of water, for gooseberries –10 g of carbamide per 10 liters of water, and for currants –20 g of carbamide per 10 liters of water.
The second method is also used - digging holes or small pits into which urea granules are thrown, covered and poured with water. The first option is best used in dry weather, and the second in rainy weather. For fruit and berry plants, carbamide is applied according to the projection of their crowns.
Important!If the trees are young and do not yet bear fruit, then the amount of urea should be halved, and if organic matter is used, at least by a third.
As soon as the first signs of nitrogen starvation in plants, it is imperative to carry out foliar spraying plants with a solution of urea using a hand sprayer in the evening or morning.
If there is no sprayer, then the treatment can be done with a simple broom. A solution for fertilizing vegetables is made at the rate of 60 g of urea in 10 liters of water, and for fruit and berry crops - 30 g of carbamide per 10 liters of water, and this solution does not burn the leaves, which cannot be said about ammonium nitrate.
Important!If there is precipitation outside (for example, rain), then you cannot use urea for foliar dressing.
Urea has found its use in the garden and horticulture as well as a good helper in pest control, and if there is no desire to use different pesticides, then it will be just right.
