Who knows the formula of the water since the time of school pore? Of course, everything. It is likely that from the entire course of chemistry, many who later do not study it specialized, only and remains knowledge of what denotes the formula H 2 O. But now we will now and deeply try to figure out what kind of main properties and why it is without her life without it On the planet, the earth is impossible.
Water molecule, as we know, consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Its formula is written as follows: H 2 O. This substance may have three states: solid - as ice, gaseous - in the form of steam, and liquid - as a substance without color, taste and odor. By the way, this is the only substance on the planet that can exist in all three states at the same time in natural conditions. For example: on the poles of the Earth - ice, in the oceans - water, and evaporation under sunlight is steam. In this sense, water anomalous.
More water is the most common substance on our planet. It covers the surface of the planet Earth almost seventy percent is both oceans, and numerous rivers with lakes, and glaciers. Most of the water on the planet salty. It is not suitable for drinking and agriculture. Freshwater is only two and a half percent of the total water on the planet.
Water is a very strong and high-quality solvent. Due to this, chemical reactions in water are held at a huge speed. This property affects the metabolism in the human body. that the body of an adult for seventy percent consists of water. The child has this percentage even higher. To the old age, this indicator falls from seventy to sixty percent. By the way, this feature of water clearly demonstrates that she is she who is the basis of a person's life. Than water in the body is more - it is healthier, more active and younger. Therefore, scientists and doctors of all countries tirelessly say that you need to drink a lot. It is water in its pure form, not substitutes in the form of tea, coffee or other drinks.
Water forms climate on the planet, and this is not an exaggeration. Warm flows in the ocean heated entire continents. This happens due to the fact that water absorbs a lot of solar heat, and then gives it when he starts to cool. So it regulates the temperature on the planet. Many scientists say that the earth would have cooled and became a stone if it were not for the presence of such a quantity of water on the green planet.
The water has many very interesting properties.
For example, water is the most rolling matter after air. From the school course, many probably remember such a concept as a cycle of water in nature. For example: the rods evaporate under the influence of direct sunlight, turns into water vapor. Further, this pairs through wind is transferred somewhere, going to the clouds, and even in and falls in the mountains in the form of snow, hail or rain. Further, from the mountains of the rods again runs down, partially evaporated. And so - in a circle - the cycle is repeated millions of times.
Also the water has a very high heat capacity. It is because of this reservoir, especially oceans, very slowly cool when moving from a warm season or time of day to cold. Conversely, with an increase in air temperature, water is very slowly heated. Due to this, as mentioned above, water stabilizes the air temperature throughout our planet.
After mercury, water has the highest value of surface tension. It is impossible not to notice that accidentally spilled on smooth surface A drop sometimes becomes an impressive speck. This manifests the drig of water. Another property manifests itself with it with a decrease in temperature to four degrees. As soon as the water cools up to this mark, it becomes easier. Therefore, the ice always floats on the surface of the water and freezes the crust, covering rivers and lakes. Due to this in the water bodies freezing in winter, the fish does not freeze.
Initially, it is worth learn what electrical conductivity is (water including). Electrical conductivity is the ability of any substance through itself an electric current. Accordingly, the electrical conductivity of water is the possibility of water to carry out the current. This ability directly depends on the amount of salts and other impurities in the liquid. For example, the conductor of distilled water is almost minimized due to the fact that such water is cleaned from various additives that are so needed for good electrical conductivity. An excellent current conductor is a sea of \u200b\u200bwater, where the salts concentration is very large. Another electrical conductivity depends on the temperature of the water. The temperature value above is the large electrical conductivity of the water. This pattern is detected thanks to the multiple experiments of physician scientists.
There is such a term - conductor. This is called one of the methods of electrochemical analysis based on electrical conductivity of solutions. This method is used to determine the concentration in solutions of salts or acids, as well as to control the composition of some industrial solutions. Water has amphoteric properties. That is, depending on the conditions, it is able to exercise both acidic and basic properties - to act as an acid, and as a basis.
The device that is used for this analysis has a very similar name - conductor. With the help of the conductor, the electrical conductivity of electrolytes in the solution is measured, the analysis of which is conducted. Perhaps it is worth explaining another term - electrolyte. This substance that when dissolved or melting disintegrates ions, due to which an electric current is subsequently carried out. Ion is an electrically charged particle. Actually, the conductor, taking the basis of certain units of water conductivity, determines its electrical conductivity. That is, it determines the electrical conductivity of a particular amount of water taken for the initial unit.
Even before the start of the seventies of the last century, a unit of measurement "MO" was used to designate the conductivity of electricity, it was derived from another value - Oma, which is the main unit of resistance. Electrical conductivity is a value inversely proportional to the resistance. Now it is measured in Siemens. This value received its name in honor of the physics scientist from Germany - Verner von Siemens.
Siemens (may be referred to as cm and S) - this is a value inverse by yum, which is a unit of measuring electrical conductivity. One cm is equal to any conductor, the resistance of which is 1 ohms. Siemens expressed through the formula:
Now let's talk about - this is the ability of any substance to transfer thermal energy. The essence of the phenomenon is that the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules, which determine the temperature of this body or substance is transmitted to another body or substance when they interact. In other words, thermal conductivity is a heat exchange between the bodies, substances, as well as between the body and the substance.
The thermal conductivity of the water is also very high. People use this property of water every day, without noticing. For example, pouring cold water in container and getting winding drinks or products. Cold water Picks heat in a bottle, container, in return to the cold, and reverse reaction is possible.
Now this phenomenon can easily be in the scale of the planet. The ocean is heated during the summer, and then - with the onset of cold weather, slowly cools and gives his heat air, thereby heating the continent. Having cooled over the winter, the ocean begins to warm very slowly compared to the Earth and gives its coolness to the continents weak from the summer sun.
Above it described that the fish lives in winter in a reservoir due to the fact that the water freezes the crust over their entire surface. We know that in ice water begins to turn into a temperature in zero degrees. Due to the fact that the density of water is greater than the density pops up and freezes on the surface.
Also water is also different conditions It is capable of being the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent. That is, water, giving up its electrons, charges positively and oxidized. Or becomes electrons and charges negatively, it means that it is restored. In the first case, water is oxidized and called the dead. It has very powerful bactericidal properties, but not necessary to drink it. In the second case, water is alive. It is cheery, stimulates the body to restore, carries the energy to the cells. The difference between these two properties of water is expressed in the term "redox potential".
Water is able to react with almost all substances that exist on Earth. The only thing for the occurrence of these reactions should be provided with a suitable temperature and microclimate.
For example, at room temperature, water reacts perfectly with such metals as sodium, potassium, barium - they are called active. With halogens, this is fluorine, chlorine. When heated, water reacts perfectly with iron, magnesium, coal, methane.
Using various catalysts, water reacts with amides, carboxylic acid esters. The catalyst is a substance, as if pushing components to a mutual reaction, accelerating it.
So far on one planet Solar systemexcept land, water is not detected. Yes, they suggest her presence on satellites of such planets-giants, like Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus, but so far there are no accurate data from scientists. There is another hypothesis until tested finally about the groundwater on the Mars planet and on the Earth's satellite - the moon. Regarding Mars in general, a number of theories were launched in general that the ocean was once on this planet, and his possible model Even designed by scientists.
Outside the solar system, there are many large and small planets, where, by guessing scientists, there may be water. But not yet the slightest opportunity to make sure of this.
Due to the fact that water has a high meaning of heat capacity, it is used in heating centers as a coolant. It provides heat transfer from the manufacturer to the consumer. As an excellent coolant water uses many nuclear power plants.
In medicine, ice is used for cooling, and pairs for disinfection. The ice is used in the system of catering.
In many nuclear reactors, water is used as a moderator, for the successful flow of the chain nuclear reaction.
Pressure water is used for splitting, prolaming and even for cutting rocks. It is actively used in the construction of tunnels, underground rooms, warehouses, metro.
It follows from the article that water in its properties and functions is the most indispensable and striking substance on Earth. Does the life of a person or any other living creature on the ground dependent on the ground? Of course, yes. Whether this substance contributes to scientific activity man? Yes. Does water with electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and other useful properties? The answer is also "yes." The other thing is that water on earth, and even more waters clean, less and less. And our task is to save and secure it (and therefore all of us) from the disappearance.
Rosanov Evgeny
Soda is a multipoint substance, its use is different. Soda is used from the food industry to metallurgy. Interested in this substance that everyone has in the house and decided to explore how different properties of the aqueous solution of soda are manifested depending on the temperature and concentration of the solution.
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Work performed: Rosanov Eugene. scientific adviser: Khabarova Olga Nikolaevna
Doronin Soda Lake is a hydrological monument of nature, the largest soda lake of Eastern Siberia. The area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoir in different seasons and years varies from 3.7 to 4.8 km2. The average water depth is about 4 m, the largest - 6.5 m. On the lake is the most famous field of self-known soda in Transbaikal.
Diacride Pedaging Greek by origin, doctor, pharmacologist and naturalist, one of the founders of Botany, Dioscarid Pedani was born in Anasarbe, Kilicia, Small Asia (Sovar. Nazarva). Dioscride wandered a lot with the Roman army under the Emperor Nerno, engaged in military medicine, collecting and determining plants. The main work of Dioscarid - De Materia Medica ("On Drugs") contains a description of 600 plants, 1000 different medicines. In the Middle Ages, De Materia Medica was considered the main source of knowledge on Botanic and Pharmacology.
Henri Louis Duhamel Du Monceau Peter First
Leblan studied medicine, listened to the lectures in the chemistry of Ruela in the Botanical Garden of Paris. In 1791, Nicola Leblan received a patent for the "Method of turning the Glauber Salt in Soda." His technology to obtain soda Leblan offered Duke Philip Orleans, whose personal doctor he was. In 1789, the duke signed the agreement with the leader and allocated two hundred thousand silver livra on the construction of the plant. Soda plant in the suburb of Paris Saint-Zhenya was called "Franciada - Soda Leblana" and gave a daily 100-120 kg of soda. During the French revolution in 1793, the Duke Orleans was executed, his property was confiscated, and the soda plant and the Leblane patent itself was nationalized. Only after seven years, Leblana returned a ruined plant, which he no longer managed to restore.
Purpose: to investigate the dependence of the electrical conductivity of aqueous solution of drinking soda on temperature and concentration of aqueous solution.
Tasks: Examine literature on research. Conduct a survey on the knowledge of the use of various applications of food soda. Learn to prepare a solution of drinking soda of various concentrations. Investigate the dependence of electrical conductivity on the concentration of solution and temperature.
The relevance of the study of the soda is a multi-cable substance, its use is different. Soda is used from the food industry to metallurgy. Know its properties is always relevant.
Soda - Multicale
Food Soda Scope Chemical Light Industry Textile Industry Food Industry Medical Industry Metallurgy
Chemical industry in the chemical industry - for the production of dyes, foams and other organic products, fluoride reagents, household chemical goods.
Metallurgy in metallurgy - with precipitation of rare-earth metals and ore flotations.
Textile and light textile industry (finishing of silk and cotton fabrics). Light industry - in the production of plantar rubber and artificial leather, leather manufacturing (tossing and neutralization of leather).
Food industry in the food industry - Bakery, Confectionery, Cooking.
Medical industry in the medical industry - for the preparation of injection solutions, anti-tuberculosis drugs and antibiotics
Questioning As you consider in what areas of industry is used food soda: Food Industry Medicine Metallurgy Chemical Industry Light industry in everyday life
The results of the survey
The conclusion on the survey Most of the respondents answered that soda is used most often in everyday life, in the food industry, in the chemical industry.
Hypothesis If you increase the concentration of aqueous solution of food soda, its electrical conductivity will increase.
Experience №1 "Preparation of an aqueous solution of food soda" Objective: learn how to prepare aqueous solution of food soda of various concentrations. Equipment: 3 chemical glasses, food soda, filtered water, scales, multiple.
No. Mass soda (d) Water mass (ml) Concentration of soda (%) 1 4 96 4 2 8 92 8 3 12 88 12
Conclusion: experimentally learned to prepare aqueous solution of food soda of various concentrations.
Experience # 2 "Study of electrical conductivity of a solution of food soda" Objective: Prove that with an increase in the concentration of soda solution, its electrical conductivity increases. Equipment: power supply, 2 electrodes, 3 glasses with soda solution of various concentrations, ammeter, voltmeter, connecting wires, key
Installation scheme
Table No. Concentration of soda I (a) U (b) R (Ohm) λ \u003d 1 / R (1 / Ohm \u003d cm) 1 4 1,0 6 6 0.17 2 8 1,4 6 4,9 0,23 3 12 1.7 6 3,53 0.28
Formulas for calculating R \u003d U / I (OM \u003d V / A) λ \u003d 1 / R (1 / Ω \u003d cm) (Siemens)
Conclusion: experimentally learned to determine the electrical conductivity of food soda and was convinced that the larger the concentration of the solution the greater the electrical conductivity of the solution of food soda. And the resistance of the solution, with an increase in concentration, decreases.
Experience number 3 "Investigation of the dependence of electrical conductivity on the temperature of the solution" Objective: Ensure that the electrical conductivity of the solution depends on temperature. Equipment: thermometer, power supply, 2 electrodes, 3 glasses with soda solution of different concentrations, ammeter, voltmeter, connecting wires, key, heating element.
Table% solution T O with solution I (a) U (b) R (OM) λ (cm) 4 18 1 6 6 0.17 19 1.03 6 5,83 0,172 20 1.05 6 5.71 0,175 21 1.08 6 5.56 0.180 22 1.1 6 5,45 0,183
Schedule 1. Dependence of resistance to temperature solution
Chart 2. Dependence of electrical conductivity on temperature
Conclusion: From experience, it is obvious that the electrical conductivity with increasing temperature increases. When heated, the speed of ions increases, thereby accelerates the process of charge transfer from one point to another, from one electrode to another.
Conclusion: After studying the literature on the study, by conducting a sociological survey, we concluded: a soda, a long-range substance, which has different properties, the resistance of the soda solution depends on its concentration. The electrical conductivity of the solution also depends on the concentration. Electrical conductivity with increasing temperature increases.
Thanks for attention!
Research
"Studying the electrical conductivity of aqueous solution of drinking soda"
Introduction
Soda was known to a person about a one and a half or two thousand years BC, and maybe before. It was mined from soda lakes and removed from the few deposits in the form of minerals. The first information about obtaining soda by evaporation of the water of soda lakes belongs to 64 of our era. Alchemists of all countries up to the 18th century seemed to be a certain substance that was hiped with the release of some gas under the action of the acids known by that time - acetic and sulfur. In the time of the Roman doctor of the Dioscarid of Pedaging about the composition of soda, no one had a concept. In 1736, the French chemist, a doctor and botanist Henri Louis Duhamel de Monscil was for the first time to get a very clean soda from the water. He managed to establish that the soda contains a "soda" chemical element. In Russia, in the days of Peter the first soda called "Zoda" or "itching" and up to 1860, it was imported from abroad. In 1864, the first soda plant on the technology of the Frenchman Leblane appeared in Russia. It is thanks to the emergence of its plants, Soda became more affordable and began his winning path as a chemical, culinary and even drug.
In industry, trade and in everyday life called Soda there are several products: soda soda - anhydrous sodium carbonate Na2 CO 3. , bicarbonate soda - sodium bicarbonate NAnso3
, often called drinking soda, crystalline soda Na2 CO 3 10N 2 O and NA 2 CO 3 H 2 O and caustic soda, or caustic soda, NAON.
Contemporary Food Soda - Typical Industrial Product
Currently, several million tons of soda are produced in the world for various uses.
Soda is a multipoint substance, its use is different. Soda is used from the food industry to metallurgy. Interested in this substance that everyone in the house has decided to study how different properties of aqueous soda solution appear depending on the temperature and concentration of the solution.
So, we faced the goal:
Investigate the dependence of the electrical conductivity of aqueous solution of drinking soda on temperature and concentration of aqueous solution.
Tasks:
The relevance of research:
Soda is a multi-cable substance, its use is different. Soda is used from the food industry to metallurgy. It is always important to know its properties.
The slide presents the main areas of applying food soda.
So, in the chemical industry - for the production of dyes, foams and other organic products, fluoride reagents, household chemical goods.
After studying the theoretical material, I decided to learn from my classmates if they know what areas industryfood soda is used:
Here are the results of the survey: the greatest number of respondents answered:
For further research, I needed to prepare an aqueous solution of different concentrations.
Hypothesis
So, if you increase the concentration of the aqueous solution of food soda, then its electrical conductivity will increase.
II. experimental part
"Study of electrical conductivity of aqueous solution of food soda"
Purpose: Ensure that there are carriers of electricity in the aqueous solution of soda - ions that conduct electric current.
Equipment: food soda, chemical glasses from heat-resistant glass, electrodes, connecting wires, power supply, ammeter, voltmeter, key, laboratory scales, multiple, thermometer, electric tile.
Experience 1. "Preparation of an aqueous solution of food soda"
Purpose: Learn how to prepare aqueous solution of food soda of various concentrations.
Equipment: Chemical glasses from heat-resistant glass, filtered water, scales, multiple, food soda.
Experience:
Mass soda (d) | Number of water (ml) | soda concentration in (%) |
|
Output: Experimentally learned to prepare aqueous solution of food soda of various concentrations.
Experience 2. "Study of electrical conductivity of food soda solution"
Purpose: Prove that with an increase in the concentration of soda solution, its electrical conductivity increases.
Equipment: three glasses with food soda solution of various concentrations, power supply, ammeter, voltmeter, connecting wires, key, electrodes.
Specific resistance - scalar value, numerically equal to the resistance of a uniform cylindrical conductor of a single length and a single area. The greater the resistivity of the conductor material, the greater its electrical resistance.
A unit of specific resistance - OM-meter (1 Ohm · m).
Experience:
Table 2.
Concentration of soda | I (a) | U (b) | R (OM) | λ \u003d 1 r (1Ω \u003d cm) |
|
0,17 |
|||||
0,23 |
|||||
3,53 | 0,28 |
For experience, the circuit collected an electrical chain. By changing the concentration of aqueous solution, write the ammeter and voltmeter readings.
Measurements were carried out at a temperature of 180 C and the pressure of the atmosphere 757 mm.rt.st.
Output: Experimentally learned to determine the electrical conductivity of food soda and was convinced that the larger the concentration of the solution the greater the electrical conductivity of the solution of food soda. And the resistance of the solution, with an increase in concentration, decreases. Consequently, at a 12% solution of food soda, the electrical conductivity will be the highest, and the resistance is low.
Experience 3. "Investigation of the dependence of electrical conductivity on the temperature of the solution"
Purpose: Make sure that the electrical conductivity changes when the temperature changes.
Equipment: three glasses with food soda solution of different concentrations, power supply, ammeter, voltmeter, connecting wires, key, electrodes, thermometer, electric tiles.
Experience:
1,05
5,71
0,175
1,08
5,56
0,180
5,45
0,183
λ \u003d 1R (1Ω \u003d cm)
Output: From experience, it is obvious that the electrical conductivity with increasing temperature increases. When heated, the speed of ions increases, thereby accelerates the process of charge transfer from one point to another.
Schedule 1. The dependence of the resistance of the temperature solution.
Chart 2. Electricity dependence on temperature
Conclusion
After studying the literature on the properties of food soda, its use in medicine, the food industry, everyday life, having done a number of experiments, we were convinced that:
Literature
Water is a unique substance that has a complex molecular structure, to the end not yet studied. Regardless of the aggregate state, the H2O molecules are firmly linked, which determines the set physical properties Water and its solutions. Let's find out whether the usual water has heat and electrical conductivity.
The main physical properties of H2O include:
The latest characteristics of the thermal conductivity and water conductivity are very unstable and depend on many factors. Consider them in more detail.
Electric current is a one-sided movement of negatively charged particles - electrons. Some substances can carry these particles, and some are not. This ability is expressed in a numeric form and is the value of electrical conductivity.
Until now, there are discussions about whether the electrical conductivity has clean water. It is capable of conducting a current, but very bad. The electrical conductivity of the distillate is explained by the fact that H2 O molecules are partially disintegrated by H + and OH- ions. Electrochemicals move with positively charged hydrogen ions, which are capable of moving into the thickness of water.
The electrical conductivity of H2 O depends on factors such as:
The first two factors are defining. Therefore, the value of the fluid electrical conductivity is calculated, we can judge the degree of mineralization.
In nature there is no clean water. Even spring is a solution of salts, metals and other electrolyte impurities. These are primarily Na +, K +, Ca2 +, Cl-, SO4 2-, HCO3 ions. It also may include weak electrolytes, which are unable to change the property strongly. These include Fe3 +, Fe2 +, Mn2 +, Al3 +, NO3 -, HPO4 - and others. A strong effect on electrical conductivity they can only have in the case of high concentration, such as, for example, it happens in wastewater With production waste. Interestingly, the presence of impurities in water, which is in the state of ice, does not affect its ability to carry out electricity.
Sea water is capable of carrying out electrical current than fresh. This is explained by the presence of a dissolved NaCl salt in it, which is a good electrolyte. The mechanism for increasing the conductivity can be described as follows:
Thus, the electrical conductivity of water is determined by the presence of salts and other impurities in it. What are them less, the lower the ability to carry out an electric current. Distilled water has almost zero.
Measurement of electrical conductivity of solutions is carried out using conductometers. These are special devices whose principle is based on the analysis of the ratio of electrical conductivity and concentration of electrolyte impurities. To date, there are many models that are capable of measuring the electrical conductivity of not only high-concentrated solutions, but also pure distilled water.
The thermal conductivity is the ability of a physical substance to heat from heated parts to a colder. Water, like other substances, has such a property. Heat transmission occurs either from the molecule to the H2 O molecule, which is a molecular type of thermal conductivity, or when moving fluid flows - turbulent type.
The thermal conductivity of water is several times higher than that of other liquid substances, with the exception of molten metals - they have even higher this indicator.
The ability of water to conduct heat depends on two factors: pressure and temperature. With increasing pressure, the conduction indicator grows, with an increase in temperature to 150 ° C grows, then begins to decrease.
The thermal conductivity of water is several tens times more than this value at the air. When a person is immersed in water or simply displays it, the heat loss increases, so it becomes much colder than in the air of the same temperature. This can be seen in the examples in the table:
What is the difference between the electrode and the Tanne boiler?
In a tanning boiler, a TEN is heated with electricity - a tubular electric heater, which then gives its heat to the coolant. The electrode boiler works due to the transmission of the current through the coolant (water or non-freezing heat carrier "-20 C"). The passage of alternating current cannot be called electrolysis, as only fluid ionization occurs. The electrode boiler is a simple and very reliable water heater (liquid) in ideal cases can work without replacing elements for many years (dozens of years).
What affects the performance and service life of electrode boilers?
For the operation of the electrode boiler, it is necessary that the coolant has the desired resistivity (specific conductivity). The electrode boiler is part of the heating system. To ensure reliable, continuous, trouble-free operation of the boiler, the heating system must comply with the recommended parameters in the passport on the boiler.
Why are heating systems on the basis of electrode boilers usually more economical and more reliable than thene?
Despite some difficulties in the launch of heating systems on the basis of electrode boilers, electrode boilers are more economical than 20% for at least 20%. The efficiency of electrode boilers has been verified by the practice of installation and operation for more than 15 years. Reliability and efficiency is ensured simpler, reliable design. In the shadow boiler, the ages are first heated, and then the Teni give the heat of the liquid. In the electrode boiler, the role of the heater plays the fluid itself. When passing the current, the liquid is heated by all the volume in the boiler. Using the electrode heating of the fluid, you can reduce the volume of the boiler several times compared with the same power than the same power.
With the correctly assembly system, the boiler starts with a small (less than 50%) from the rated power, and when heating is gradually gaining power. Modern automation allows you to maintain a comfortable room indoor with accuracy + / - 0.2 degrees. S. during heating country houses It is possible to use a weekly regime to control the heating system. In fact, the efficiency in the work of the electrode boilers is achieved due to:
- smaller heating inertia (several times);
- smooth start;
- Application of modern automation;
Reliability and durability is provided by simplicity of design and application modern materials.
How much electricity will consume a boiler?
The boiler will consume exactly so much email. Energy how much is the heat loss of the building.
Under normal operation, with normal heat loss, proper choice boiler, with the maximum winter mode (When on the street for Kiev -23, with a normal assembly of the heating system, the boiler runs about 8 hours a day (in the switching mode - heating, shutdown - cooling). Next, the boiler power multiply an average of 8 hours and receive consumption of energies in day.
How to choose the boiler?
The electrode boiler "ION" is selected in the following parameters:
- 1 kW of the power of the electrode boiler may heat the room with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 20 kV / m, up to 60 cubic meters / m and 40 liters of water in the heating system.
For example, a 5-kW cap boiler can heat the room with an area of \u200b\u200b100 kV / m, a volume of 300 cubic meters and with the amount of water in the heating system up to 240 liters.
What pipes and radiators can be used in the heating system with the electrode "ION" boiler?
For heating systems, any pipes that are certified for this purpose can be used. We recommend using polypropylene.
The use of metal-plastic pipes is undesirable, the connecting fittings significantly narrow the passage section;
Metalplastic pipe is often subject to deformation and stratification when fluid temperature fluid fluid.
You can use any modern radiators (cast-iron, bimetallic), but it is best to use steel batteries. Cast iron radiators use undesirable, as they have a significant amount of fluid, porous structure and contain inside the dirt.
To ensure the durability and reliability of the boiler, the inner diameter of the input and output pipes and pipe fittings should not be less than the internal diameter of the inlet and outlet of the boiler itself.
What are the advantages of the electrode boilers "ION"?
The ION boiler work chamber is made of thick pipe special material, which is very important for ionization boilers in terms of their reliability and durability.
The working chamber of almost all such boilers is made of thin-walled ordinary pipe material. The electrodes of the "ION" boilers of the larger diameter are made of a special alloy, which increases their durability and reliability in the ion exchange process, and also makes it possible to form a heat flux inside the boiler chamber with a greater speed, unlike the boilers of the same boilers of other manufacturers.
ION boilers are presented in wider model row Unlike other brands of boilers, which allows you to expand customer demand.
The ION boiler manufacturer does not bind the buyer to its coolant, and the ion electrocurceptors can be operated, in contrast to some boilers, with conventional water or with independently prepared solution in the heating system.
Can I use antifreeze as a coolant?
It is necessary to understand that antifreeze is not intended for use in heating systems. He is poisonous! It is better to use special non-freezing fluids. But since the manufacturers of these liquids do not take into account its electrical conductivity, then after downloading it in the heating system, you will have to make preparation anyway, it is necessary to configure the electrocotel to the required current (it is described in detail in the instruction manual). From practice, I can say that usually when using non-freezing fluids in the phase of the electrocotel is overpriced, - and it is necessary to dilute with distilled water (approximately to the freezing temperature of -5-10 gr.).
And of course you should not forget about the properties of antifreeze:
Is it possible to use the electrode boiler "ION" in conjunction with the circulation pump?
The electrode boiler is a flow-type heater and for the correct operation of the boiler and the heating system using the circulation pump, it is necessary to ensure the coolant duct through the boiler with such indicators:
Does pipes of any diameter apply when installing the electrode boiler?
In the heating system, it is recommended to make a layout at the inlet and outlet of the electrocotel with pipes with a diameter of at least 1 inch, in the heating system. After the comb, it is possible to switch to pipes of a smaller diameter, provided that the total cross-section of smaller diameter pipes will be at least 1 inches.
How to warm the house with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 750 kV / m?
What to do if the area of \u200b\u200bmy room is 2800 kV / m?
For an area of \u200b\u200b2800 kV / m, it is necessary to establish a mini-boiler consisting of 4 electrode boilers "Ion" 3/36 connected in parallel with each other. With parallel inclusion of two and more electrical electrode boilers "ION" (the same power) into one water heating system, the area of \u200b\u200bheated room increases in 2 or more times.
For example: two modifications 3/36 are heated area of \u200b\u200b1500 kV / m, a volume of 4500 cubic meters / m, three modifications 3/36 are heated area of \u200b\u200b2250 kV / m, with a volume of 6750 cubic meters / m, etc ..
Can an electrode boiler work without a circulation pump?
The ionization chamber, where the heating process, a small size, is therefore a sharp heating of the coolant and, as a result, an increase in its pressure (at maximum power of the device - up to 2 atmospheres). Thus, the ION electrode boiler can operate in heating systems without a circulation pump if the heating system is collected according to the scheme of natural circulation.
Is it possible to parallel connection with other boilers?
The electrode boiler is possible to mount in parallel with other boilers (gas, solid fuel, etc.), and use them at a convenient time for you.
To start the electrode boiler, need an ammeter or measuring ticks?
After connecting the boiler to the heating system and power on the ammeter, the current consumed is measured. If the current is more specified in the boiler passport, it is necessary to add distilled (melting or rain) water heating system. If the current is less than the required, it is necessary to add to the heating system caustic (food) soda at the rate of 30 grams per 100 liters of water, stirring soda in warm water.
Is it possible to use an "Ion" electrode boiler in heating systems with aluminum radiators?
Yes, this is possible, the only warning, instead of a soda solution to increase water conductivity, it is necessary to use ASO-1 ( special tool For aluminum radiators)
What fluid is used in the heating system when operating the electrode boiler "ION"?
When the electrode boiler "ION" does not need a specially prepared coolant. It uses ordinary water with a specific electrical resistance of no more than 1,300 mm. Since water is an element of electrocups that highlights heat, it needs a certain preparation to obtain the desired electrical resistance (for example, attempts to heat distilled water will not be successful because it Does not conduct electric current). Preparations are performed by experimental way - reduce the electrical resistance of water, adding a solution of caustic (food) soda, or increase, mixing distilled (rain, tamu) water. All this is described in detail in the passport for electrocotors.
Is it possible to use the "Ion" electrode boiler to obtain hot water supply?
Electrode boilers "ION" can work together with boilers indirect heating To obtain a hot water supply, for example, an "Ion" 3/9 electrocotel can damop the room to 180 m2, the ceiling height up to 3 meters and the water volume in the heating system to 360 liters, when connecting a boiler of indirect heating, it is necessary to add it power for hot water supply ( DHW) based on the passport data of your boiler, for example 3/6 kW, and for heating at home and DHW, you will need a boiler with a total capacity of 3/9 kW + 3/6 kW \u003d 3/15 kW
Is it possible to use the electrical electrode boiler "ION" together with the "Warm floor" system?
Water warm floor is a closed system of pipes located in a floor screed and connected to the heating system. Commonly used metal plastic pipes Due to the ease of installation. Warm floor can be used as the main or additional heating. When sharing a warm floor with an electrical electrode boiler "ION" you can achieve a greater economic effect.
Warm water floor has a number of benefits. Due to the large surface, the amount of radiated heat increases, is immediately transmitted to the surrounding items. Thus, the warm floor provides a uniform horizontal and vertical heat distribution over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
Can you explain an accessible language how to prepare a coolant?
If you use conventional water in your heating system as a coolant, it must be brought in accordance with GOST R 51232 "Drinking water" (1300 ohm per cu / cm).
At home, you can not do this without having special equipment. But it is possible to go to another way.
When you start the "Ion" electrocotel to work, you must measure the ammeter of the starting current to the current-measuring tongs (or the direct inclusion ammeter).
If the current power does not match the parameters specified in the product passport, the following actions should be taken:
Tell me what else you need to buy materials and still have to do to run into the work of your boiler?
Sample list additional Materials and equipment for mounting and launching a single-phase heating system "ION".
Before :
Protective grounding necessarily!
Heating system:
To facilitate the work of the ION boiler and considerable electricity savings, it is advisable to use circulation pump. System of heating to provide additional valves for convenient maintenance, installation-dismantling of the boiler and pump.
And what better three-phase boilers?
It all depends on what voltage you have - 220 or 380.
If you have the opportunity to install the boiler for three phases of 380V. , From 3/6 kW, it gives you additional advantages. Three electrodes are installed in three-phase boilers, which can be turned on stepwise, for example, at the "Ion" boiler 3/6 kW installed three electrodes of 2 kW, during the periods of off-season, when on the street + 10 degrees, you do not need to turn on the boiler for full power, and It is enough to turn on one electrode. If you do not have three phases, then you can install a three-phase boiler for one phase. The phase is divided into three exits and is connected through the automata to the three electrodes. Three-phase Cottle it is advisable to use from 100 m.kv.
What problems can when installing copper pipelines?
When collecting the heating system from copper pipelines, an important problem is a compound of copper with other metals in one water circulation system. In the case of direct copper compound with steel, galvanized steel or aluminum, an electrochemical reaction occurs, which causes rapid dissolution of iron, zinc and aluminum. And also you cannot use pipes as an element of grounding electrical engineering. To exclude this phenomenon, it is necessary to separate these metals from the copper with an insulating gasket. Even in the absence of a metal junction, copper stimulates corrosion of the above materials. This process is the result of the copper (Cu2 +) heon, penetrating the water in the process of uniform corrosion of copper surfaces. The ions are deposited in the places of the corrosive ulcers already arising, cause accelerated destruction of the main material (steel, galvanized steel, or aluminum). The most dangerous forms of corrosion include peptic and erosion.
Poor corrosion, there is local corrosion of metal, occurs in places of destruction of the oxide protective film covering internal, in contact with water, surfaces of pipes. In cold and hot water pipes listed below, factors make it difficult to form a protective film or damage the already existing film:
Erosion corrosion causes a turbulent flow of water at the walls of the pipes. Thus, it is important to comply with the design velocity of the flow of water, as well as the exception local resistances, for example, the narrowings, springs from solder, incorrectly performed taps.
In heating systems, the combination of steel and copper is permissible only when the oxygen content in water does not exceed 0.1 mg / dm3, which is practically possible only in closed systems. Even in the closed circulation system, copper and aluminum radiators are not recommended in one scheme.
Can I use an electrode boiler for heating, if a protective shutdown device is installed in the power grid (UZO)?
The practical value of current leakage is determined by the construction of insulators and lies within 20 ¬ 40 mA. This should be paid to this when connecting the heaters to the electrical network with the installed protective shutdown device (UZO), which is usually recorded by leakage of the current in the range of 30 ¬ 40 mA.
Considering this, this type heaters must be connected through a separate circuit breaker, bypassing the RCDO.
Can I get a certificate of conformity to your products?
Our company has a fifteen years of experience in the development and production of electrode (ionic) boilers. For the first time in the Ukrainian market, we present the energy-saving electrode heating device "Ion" of a new generation.
Produced using newest technologies and modern materials. An improved design and the improved composition of the electrode alloy determine the long term of use.
The electrode heating device "ION" is performed according to technical Conditions and design documentation.
You can get acquainted with the quality certificate by clicking on the image.
