The deformation seam is an integral part and the most responsible event in the device of concrete floors.
There are three main types of deformation seams:
Insulating seams It is arranged along the walls around the columns and around the foundations for equipment in order to eliminate the transfer of deformations from the building designs on the floor tie.
Insulating seam is arranged by gasket insulating material Along the buildings of the building immediately before the fill of the concrete mix.
Shrinking seams We are needed in order to prevent chaotic cracking of the screed in the hardening process. They allow you to create in concrete straight plane of the slack. As a result, the screed gives a crack in a predetermined direction.
Shooting seams should be cut along the axes of columns, and to stick together with the corners of the seams going around the perimeter of the columns.
Floor cards formed by shrinking seams must be the most square. It is necessary to avoid elongated or L-shaped cards. The length of the card should not exceed the width of more than 1.5 times. Shrinking seams must be straight and, if possible, without branches.
In the aisles and drives, shrinking seams must be located at a distance of the screed width. The tracks are wider than 300-360cm must have a longitudinal seam in the center. At concreting, on open sites The distances between the seams should not exceed 3m in all directions. General rule - The smaller the card, the less likely the chaotic cracking.
Slicing of shrinking seams is carried out after the completion of the finishing surface treatment of concrete.
Usually, the seams are cut by cards 6x6 m in the same sequence that concrete fitted. Seams should be cut into a depth of 1/3 of the thickness of the screed. This creates a zone of slab in the screed, and concrete when shrinking gives a crack in this area, i.e. cracks towards directed, not chaotic. At the same time, the edges of the resulting cracked have a certain roughness, which eliminates the vertical displacements of them until the crack becomes too wide.
Structural seams It is arranged where daylight work on laying concrete has been completed.
The edge shape for the structural seam is usually made on the principle of spike in the groove, you can use sleepers (rails), laid across the seam. Reiki must be installed in the middle of the depth of the screed under right corners to seam. One end of the rail should be lubricated by bitumen to move freely in the screed.
Structural seams work as shrinkage - they allow small horizontal movements, but not vertical. It is desirable that the design seam coincides with shrinkage.
The deformation seam device should be performed in strict accordance with the designed project. If any changes arise (for example, a seam size or material replacement) the design of the deformation seam must be coordinated with representatives design organization.
In the presence of wet processes, the tightness of the seams acquires particular importance, since the absence of tightness leads to peeling of organic coatings from the floor plate. This process is particularly actively active with an elevated background of temperatures in the premises.
In the work of work, the quantity and location of the seams are established, based on the coefficient of the temperature expansion of the materials, but also considering the shrinkage of concrete and possible deformations, which most often arise in the floor interface sites with foundations for equipment, walls and columns.
Sealing allows you to protect the seam from the penetration of water and aggressive media, as well as from clogging.
The type of sealant depends on the loads and operating conditions. For example, in many industrial and food enterprises, the floors should easily wash and withstand high transport load.
Sealants for such floors should be solid enough to maintain the edges of the seam and prevent them from rocking, and enough plastic to withstand the easy opening and closing of the seam.
Education in concrete cracks can be reduced by reducing the volume of water used to knead. But concrete even with low water content gives shrinkage, and, in addition, concrete made with one fillers can give a shrinkage greater than concrete with other fillers.
In view of the fact that eliminating the shrinkage of concrete made from traditional cements is impossible, then best solution - Give the crack the opportunity will appear in the place where its appearance is desirable and, moreover, in the form of a straight line. This is a deformation seam.
The seams can be made in the fresheged concrete with a special rapter. In the dry concrete, the seams are sutured. But even in screeds with cutting or supeble deformation seams, cracks sometimes appear in other places. The probability of appearance of such cracks can be reduced by performing the following actions:
Cut the seams in time
By calling or writing to us, you can always get free samples of materials for trial application and consulting our specialists.
If the seams are cut into the freshly lined concrete, then the time does not play roles. But if they are sliced \u200b\u200blater, then the appearance of random cracks. Slicing of seams in fresh concrete is made immediately after surface grinding. On the dry concrete, cutting seams should be made as quickly as possible so as not to start turning the edges of the seams. It is usually recommended to do it after 12 hours at normal temperature, with a reduced one - 24 hours after laying concrete.
Cut the seams to the desired depth
Seams chosen by conventional cutters should have a depth of 1/4 to 1/3 of the screed thickness. Sews made by special cutters on fresh concrete can have a smaller depth.
Cut the seams with the desired interval
Typically, the interval cutting of the seams is chosen in the range (24-36) x (screed thickness). On the 10 cm tie of the seams are cut at a distance of 240 cm to 360 cm. For concrete with a larger sedimentation cone and shrinkage, it is preferable to have an interval of cutting closer to 240cm.
Eliminate inner corners
Cracks are highly likely to appear on inner corners. The seam grid should be such to eliminate education inner corners.
Exclude t-shaped seams
The T-shaped crossing of the seams leads to the formation of a crack passing through the intersected seam. When planning a grid of seams, T-shaped intersections should be avoided.
Sections, limited seams, should have a shape close to the square
If the length of the site is more than 1.5 times, the crack is most likely to appear in the middle of the long side. Scheme of seams should be such as to eliminate the formation of long and narrow sections.
Eliminate the formation of triangular sections with sharp corners
Plots triangular shape With sharp angles are usually cracking at the end of an acute angle. In general, triangles should be avoided, however, if necessary, the seams should form an equilateral triangle.
Sometimes cracks are formed in concrete without gaining strength. These shrinkage cracks usually arise in dry hot and windy weather. If it is expected during the laying of concrete weather, It is necessary to use concrete with synthetic fibers, and in the process of laying and grouting concrete, make it the surface with water.
If you live in panel multi-storey house, then the appearance of the gap between the slabs of overlapping or the selection of seams that were unsuccessfully embedded is the usual phenomenon. That is why if the first signs of this phenomenon appeared, you need to immediately take radical measures. After all, if it is an apartment located on the top floor, then the cracks from the afternoon can drip, dampness, fungus and mold formed. Such a phenomenon is not quite nice. Therefore, the problem needs to be solved. And to do this, you need to have the necessary skills and knowledge. Few know how to close the ceiling seam, so the work for it will seem complex. However, do not rush to call the masters professionals.
However, the seams can give cracks regardless of whether the apartment is on the top floor or on the first. Everyone comes down to the fact that the house can give shrinkage. Therefore, in this article we will look at how to eliminate the problem and close the seams between the plates.
A small crack that can form between slabs of overlapping should be examined. Sometimes it happens that it should be expanded. Why? The fact is that often the expansion of the finest crack leads other consequences. Large horizons of work open. That is why you allocated time and means to eliminate the problem, you can do everything qualitatively and conscience. Better to do work once in fullTo forget about the problem for many years.
In addition, you can kill two hares in the work: perform sealing the ceiling seam, as well as level the ceiling if it is uneven. In any case, the ceiling must be prepared and clean from finishing and old concrete. Work is simple, as in construction multi-storey houses There is a certain trend: sealing seams between the plates is performed by the cement mortar. For starters, let's look at what materials and tools will be needed to qualitatively and correctly perform all the work.
If you do not want to repeat the error of workers who made you a poor-quality seam, you need to purchase high-quality materials and work on conscience. In addition, the correct tools also play an important role. After all, all the work comes down to get to the seam, expand it, and compact in the process of sealing.
That's what you need to buy before performing the work:
Now that everything is prepared, you can start performing work. We'll consider detailed instructionsthat will help close the seam even inexperienced person.
No matter how cool, and work includes full repair of the ceiling. It is impossible to just clear the place with a crack and gently close it. The finish will differ in any case. Perceive the problem as an opportunity to bring the ceiling in order by completing it to finish even better. Next, consider the process in order:
Note! Despite the fact that the instruction describes the grout process of one seam, this applies to all seams in the room. We mentioned that there may be several of them, so the repair process is performed immediately with all the seams. For example, clearing and trusting one seam, you need to move to the second and so on.
That's all, sealing the seams between the slabs of the overlap is made. It remains to sweep the ceiling with grater and apply finish coat. It can be whitewashed, paint, just putty or wallpaper. And to simplify the task you, you prepared a visual video from which you learn how to close the seam between the slabs of overlapping on the ceiling.
If you notice that a crack was formed on the ceiling at the place of the joints of the plates, do not cost to beat the alarm. Although it is impossible to leave it without attention, but it is not a large-scale problem. You only need to respond quickly and fulfill all work yourself, given the instruction that was given above. Nevertheless, if you are not sure about your abilities, it is better to entrust the work of professionals. They will definitely do everything right.
Paper tape.
Paper tape is sold in rolls with a width of 52 mm wide, a length of 50.76 m or 153 m. Of those brands, which is hearing, you can call Sheetrock, Knauf, NextBuild.
Paper tape made of special high-strength paper reinforced with fiberglass in longitudinal and transverse directions. The surface of it is slightly rough for better clutch with putty. The tape has a small depressed fold in the center, which allows you to easily use it for finishing inner angles. Paper tape effectively opposes stretching and fringing.
The disadvantages of paper tape include a slightly more time-consuming installation of the installation and (with insufficient qualifications of the employee) a tendency to form air bubbles with a small amount of putty under the tape (about it is slightly lower). To avoid bubbles, it is better to use a tape with microporphoration that reduces the likelihood of bubbles and at the same time does not affect the strength characteristics of the tape.
Sherryanka self-adhesive.
Serpenta is sold in rolls 45 and 50 mm rolls, 20, 45 and 90 m long. It is usually used to finish the joints of plasterboard sheets with a drown edge, as well as for seelings of cracks and small holes. There is a lot trademarkswhich differ in tensile strength. Also the grids are divided into two types: self-adhesive and not self-adhesive. The latter is less expensive, but more time-consuming (requires fastening with the help of clips).
One important detail:when using self-adhesive tape, the started roll must always be stored in a polyethylene package to avoid drying the adhesive layer.
Fiberglass tape, unlike paper, for obvious reasons is not recommended for reinforcing inner angles.
Now consider how to produce work with each type of tape.
The method of sealing the joints with the help of a carp.
Longitudinal heels of drywall with a drown edge can be recommended to reinforce the self-adhesive sulfay (grid). It is easier to use and requires less working time. In addition, it is not worried about the air bubbles or detachment (which sometimes happens when using paper tape).
The disadvantages of this method are (Attention !) The smaller durability of the sickle compared to the paper tape, as well as the need to select a suitable type of putty for applying.
When using clarinks, it is recommended to first mounted it on all the joints of the room, tightly pressing the grid to the pre-dedicated surface to avoid the formation of wrinkles. Then you need to put a putty on top and in the depth of the grid with a spatula along the entire length of the mesh, preferably a thin and uniform layer
The method of sealing the joints with a paper tape.
As mentioned earlier, the fiberglass mesh works well on the longitudinal joints of the sheets of GLC with a thin edge. But for reinforcing transverse joints, it is not solid enough. Such places require special strength and only a paper tape can reduce the risk of cracking (main joints of the joints). Unlike the fiberglass mesh, the paper tape forms an extremely durable seam when using any type of putty to finish the joints. However, the installation procedure of paper tape differs from the technology of mounting the fiberglass mesh and has some subtleties.
Since paper tape - not self-adhesiveFirst, you must apply a thin and relatively uniform layer of putty for gluing a tape. At the same time, you do not need to try to cover with putty at once all the joints of the room, because it can start to filhes before you reach the ribbon to the last junction. And this, in turn, will lead to the complication of the workflow and to the formation of air bubbles under the ribbon. 
It is recommended to separate the joints alternately, especially in the absence of sufficient skills and, accordingly, low speed. Then it is necessary to adjust the tape in the center of the joint and, holding it stretched, slightly pressed into the putty, while the ends of the ribbon must be overtaken. After that, the spatula "stretch" the glued tape.
This is usually done from the center of the junction and alternately in both ends. It is important to apply pressure sufficient to properly glue the tape, but it should be so to squeeze only an excess putty and leave a 1.5-2.0 mm thick layer with a layer of 1.5-2.0 mm and approximately 0.8 mm under the edges. You do not need to try to squeeze as much as possible, the ribbon is not going to stick. After the tape is glued smoothly, tightly and without wrinkles, you need to remove the spatula of the excess putty along the longitudinal edges of the tape.
Further work is the same for both options.
And lastly quote: « Multiple tests for the strength of reinforced junctions it was shown that the joints decorated using a conventional fiberglass mesh (sickle) and a conventional putty for finishing the joints are more predisposed to cracking, rather than joints, decorated with paper tape and similar putty. This is because the fiberglass mesh (surgeon) has a property stretching under load, even being covered with putty. Overhaul Such cracks are difficult. Thus, it is not recommended to use the usual fiberglass mesh. To finish the joints of the plasterboard in most cases. "
Paper tape - the most "ancient" and traditional material for the reinforcement of the joints of the plasterboard, recommended by the manufacturers of GLK and at the same time, the most reliable and still unsurpassed by strength.
The choice of the most reliable reinforcing system is especially relevant for climate with large seasonal drops on temperature and humidity as a preventive measure against cracking.
Since today the price of all building materials is constantly increasing, it is necessary to think about how to do truly high-quality structures so that then it was not to constantly correct defects.
Are no exception and all kinds concrete structures - For example, floors and scenes around the building. If the floors are wrong, they will simply crack, and this automatically entails the deformation of the finishing floor covering.
A photo on which the temperature lines can be seen in the structure of concrete floor.
As for the scene, it is essentially responsible for the integrity and normal state of the foundation tape. If cracks appear in the breakfast, water will penetrate there, which in turn will fall into the foundation structure. And this is already fraught with serious consequences.
To minimize the risk of cracking, the temperature seam in concrete on the SNU is arranged - with its presence, deformation is unlikely.
In fact, these are peculiar cuts in the structure of concrete, due to which the concrete is not cracking during the temperature differences - as it seems to be expanding.
Properly made by Sepa
In fact, there is a whole classification of protective lines - and there are not only temperature. Consider what they are at all, and then on the example of the installation of floors and the scenes we will deal with how temperature seams are arranged in reinforced concrete structures.
Types of seams in concrete
| Type of seams | Description |
| 1. Shrinking. | This is essentially temporary lines that are arranged in buildings from monolithic concrete directly during the process of filling the mixture. The fact is that the concrete during drying has the property to shrink, and due to this, cracks may appear. And it turns out that the mixture is compressed, all pressure goes to a void line, which is expanding under such a pressure. After soaring the entire mass, the shrinkage incision is climbing. |
| 2. Sediment and temperature lines. | Here everything is clear from the title. Such cuts protect the building from defiomatization during shrinkage and from temperature fluctuations. The sediment lines are located on all elements of the building and in the foundation as well. Temperature are made everywhere except the foundation. |
| 3. Antiseismic. | These lines seem to share the building into separate sections, blocks. At the same time, at the place of passing such seams, double walls or rack are made, which significantly increases the level of sustainability of the entire design as a whole. |
Such is the classification.
Please note that the temperature seams in concrete implies their mandatory processing is not emptiness. As a rule, such cuts are closed or sealants or special profiles or elastic inserts. If this is not done, then the visual species is essential and, of course, thermal insulation qualities of the structure are lost.
Filling the deformation line with a special profile
Now you can go through exactly the temperature protection.
Installation of temperature seams
As already mentioned, we will get acquainted with the technology on the example of the device of concrete floors and the breakfast around the perimeter of the building. Why exactly these designs? Because in most cases, they are doing them with their own hands and with characteristic errors (see the article "Grid for concrete - species and use").
And the errors are just that there is no protective temperature line.
Screed without protective cuts
Before you start - a few words about the features of these structures, in what cases they need to be protected by such technology.
Please note that the temperature seam device in the concrete is also performed in the walls. Moreover, even if they are not made of monolith, but also from ordinary bricks or blocks.
Now you can proceed directly to work. Brief instructions In the fill of the floor and the scene, in which the focus will be paid to the devices of the seams.
So, let's begin.
Protection of Gamesosta
Pouring Gamesost
This element of the house is done like this:
Tip: Armature rods must be inserted into the walls of the house. For this, such work is performed as a diamond drilling of the holes in the concrete, in which the ends of the reinforcement are inserted.
Temperature seam is done just before poured concrete mix. It is made along the connection of the walls and the scene. In order for such seds to organize - you just need to insert between the plane of the walls and the breakfast, not very thick boards.
In addition, the seams are made and across the breakfast - in the same way (with the help of the boards of the edge). At the same time, the distance between temperature seams in reinforced concrete of this type should be about 1.5 - 2 meters.
Formwork for breakfast taking into account temperature protection
It turns out that the mixture will fool all space, except those lines where the boards are installed. After the concrete freezes, the boards are removed, and the slits are filled with either a sealant or a ribbon of foamed polyethylene.
Here, most importantly, make sure that the connection between the house and the scene does not work empty - otherwise water will penetrate it and there will be no sense from this design.
We now turn to the flooring device with seams.
Seams in concrete floors
The order of filling of concrete sex will not be considered, since the temperature seams on such a plane can be arranged after the primary pouring of the mixture.
Of course, it is better to do to the fill so that when drying the concrete on the surface, cracks did not appear, but, in principle, it is not necessary to make protective lines before concrete froze 100%. As a rule, full frost occurs in a few weeks - during this time you can have time to make seams, agree.
Protective incision in concrete
So, how the seams are made in the screed.
What we got in the end is that now in the case of the expansion of the concrete mass, the deformation will occur at the edges of the screed, on those lines where the seams pass. In these places, the extreme lines of the concrete are a little bit crack, but the main finish flooring will remain absolutely whole and unharmed.
Seams close up
What, of course, will save your money, as it will not be necessary to spend money on the current repairs.
Actually, our review of this technology is finished, and now you can sum up.
It turns out that the temperature seams in the structure of concrete are on the street and indoors - this is a very desirable event, as a result of which the overall service life of the entire structure is significantly extended.
It turns out that invested once into the device of such deformation seams in concrete, you also save on fine current repairs.
We disassembled what protective deformation seams and in how protection from the impact of different temperatures is made. We hope that the instructions will come in hand in practice. Well, if you want to learn even more information on this topic, we advise you to view the additional video in this article.
The sealing of the seams of plasterboard is the main operation when finishing the walls and ceilings by this material.
If this process does not produce, then the gaps that are formed during the trim will appear under the wallpaper or paint.
Sealing gaps in drywall - a pretty simple procedure, but it requires proper technology Her execution.
Technology of work with seams on plasterboard - the topic of this article.
Sealing seams of drywall also refers to this form.
Therefore, before proceeding to its execution, you should purchase the following tools:
You will also need these materials:
It is very important to know that when entering the seams, the temperature and humidity regime must be observed.
The temperature in the room in which the repair is being repaired should not be descended below + 10 ° C and staying for several days after the completion of this work.
Also, when embelling slots, drafts should be avoided, because too, the wet air can interfere with the normal drying of the putty and can lead to the deformation of the seams.
Before embelling seams on plasterboard, you need to make sure that the sheets are well attached to the base.
Otherwise, the layer of putty can collapse.
Before starting work, the seams should be prepared for the grout.
If this is not done, the rapid composition does not fit into the seam and is connected poorly with plasterboard.
To get a tight docking of sheets of plasterboard with each other, you need to align their edges.
To do this, use either a stationery knife, or a sprinkling planer, which removed the upper edges of the GLC at an angle of 45 °.
When the chamfer on all joints will be removed, the surface of the wall or ceiling is processed by primer using a roller.
This can not be done, but, thanks to the primer, the putty is more effectively stuck with a gypsum middle sheet of the trim.
After the primer is driving, all the cracks are sickled with a sickle ribbon.
Large difficulties of applying a tape will not cause, because it has a self-adhesive coating.
It is very important to glue the middle of the junction of drywall and watch the ribbon saving.
The ends of the ribbon when connected - you need to apply one by one at least than 4-5 mm.
If you do not have a sickle, you can use gauze or paper tape, however, the quality of the work performed will be much lower.
If you need to sneak the angles of plasterboard, then the perforated metal corners should be used, which are designed specifically for sealing angular seams.
This part of the work is carried out on a par with a sickle.
The next stage of seams begins with the fact that the putty is prepared.
It is poured into the container, add a certain amount of water and whipped using a building mixer.
Water should be room temperature.
The speed of the mixer should not be large, otherwise the reinforcing additives will begin to collapse and this will lead to a decrease in the fortress of this material.
After whipping, the mixture should be left for 5 minutes, after which mix again.
Conditions of maps should resemble a thick sour cream.
You can use the finished putty for 2 hours.
Note, first is used old, and then a new putty is mixed.
After cooking this building material, It is possible to start the seams of gypsumkeeper with their own hands.
Solve apply along the entire length of the seam, as if you rub it inside.
He must fill all its thickness.
To do this, use building falcon and spatula.
A ready-made putty mass is superimposed on the falcon, thanks to which - you will not need to run after the mixture of the container.
And the spatula will help remove the excess solution and align the top layer.
After all this, the putty should dry.
Then - the procedure is repeated and the finishing layer is applied.
The number of layers depends on the presence of irregularities or large gaps.
To make the melting with a high quality, seams should be disposed.
In this case, use a paper tape for seams or a network for reinforcement.
Apply it from above, to a rich layer of putty, and the spatula rubbing the ribbon into the solution.
That is, the grid falls into the middle of the solution and does not give it to shrink when drying.
The final stap of seams of plasterboard seams is grinding of across the plots.
To do this, you can use sandpaper or a special grater, in which there are meshes with a different cell size.
It is very important to know that the grinding should be carried out only with complete drying of the solution, circular motions.
At this stage of work - there is a lot of dust, so do not forget about the respirator or marlevant.
