In order to better understand the device and the appointment of fire-resistant partitions, you first need to deal with the definitions and find out what is the difference between the fire-fighting partition (hereinafter referred to as PP) from the fire wall (hereinafter PS).
Accordingly, we approached the definition of fireproof partitions - this is one of the types of fire barriers, the purpose of which is to prevent the spread of fire within one particular floor.
According to the Gostas, Snip and Technical Regulations (FZ No. 123), fire-fighting partitions are divided into the following basic signs.
Types of PP are directly related to the following indicator.
According to Federal Law No. 123, two indicators are used to determine the degree of fire resistance of fire prevention partitions:
What, in turn, tells us that the partition should restrain the fire for at least 45 and 15 minutes, respectively.
Despite the fact that some manufacturers produce partitions from the limits of fire resistance significantly higher than the parameters required by the law - EI 60, EI 90 and EI 120, all these products will be equated to the 1st type partitions (EI 45), i.e. will be rounded in a smaller side.
Regulatory documentation divides fireborne partitions to glazed (translucent) up to 25 percent and more than 25% of the opening area.
For an ordinary buyer in this case, only marking - EIW will be important.
For PP manufacturers, this means that fire tests such designs will be held according to their specific GOST (GOST R 53303-2009).
There are no other significant differences between partitions, glazed up to 25% and over 25%.
The production of PP does not impose strict norms and rules in terms of the use of certain materials. Therefore, in the firefighter market, partitions can be found, which are completely or partially consisting of wood, steel, aluminum, drywall and, of course, fire-resistant glass.
Consider more each of these materials.
Wood is rarely used in the production of refractory partitions, but, nevertheless, has its place in the market.
As a wood, it can act as a frame (profile) and the actual fabric of the product.
Wood, of course, passes a special fireproof processing by analogy with the same technology that is used in the production of wooden fire doors.
Of the advantages of wooden fire prevention partitions, high aesthetic qualities of such a design can be distinguished. Especially when it comes to the stylized design of interiors in compliance with all requirements fire safety.
From minuses can be noted:
Most often, steel is used as a frame (frame, profile), less often for the canvas of fireborne partitions. And then, in this case, the steel sheet is the sheets of steel, which are trimmed insulating material - Fire resistant sheets of GLC (or any other refractory sandwich panels) or antipyrene-treated wood or mineral mats.
Among the advantages of steel partitions can be allocated:
From minuses can be noted:
One of the most popular materials for making a profile (frame, frame), especially when combined fire-resistant glass as a web.
In addition, wooden canvases, sheets of GLC, as well as mineral wool (basalt) insulating mats can be used with aluminum frame.
The advantages of aluminum fire prevention partitions are:
Disadvantages of such a type of structures are practically absent. That is why, in most cases, these partitions are best selection By the ratio of price-quality.
Fire-prevention partitions from fire-resistant drywall (GLC) are considerably popular in view of their relatively low cost.
HCL sheets are used, of course, exclusively as the PP canvas and are not used as a carrier frame. The canvas from GLC can be additionally lined with steel, aluminum or wooden sheets.
For profiles, aluminum and wooden Rama, less than steel.
Glass firewalls are definitely the leader among other types of PP. From the fire glass produce, of course, only the PP canvas.
Fire resistant glass has all the necessary firefighters, technical and aesthetic qualities, and also provides limitless opportunities for interior designers and designers.
The technology of manufacturing fireborne partitions with glazing, identical to the production of glass fire-warming doors.
Here are just some of the advantages of glass PP:
The disadvantages of glazed firefighters include their relatively high price.
Glass PP can be as deaf (otherwise they are called all-glass fire-resistant partitions) and with a built-in fire road - this option is used most often.
Moreover, the fire fighter can be made of any material - it can be metallic, wooden or glass (translucent).
Also, the doors can be opened both in one of the sides and in both directions - such a fire partition is sometimes called pendulum, although the door itself is only a door.
Firefighters, like any other fire-resistant designs, are installed in a wide variety of buildings and facilities, but most often they can be found in construction sites in the fields:
If we talk about specific places in the installation of fire prevention partitions in all of the above objects, then most often they are installed:
Fireborns, like any other refractory design, must have the following set of mandatory documents:
BUILDING REGULATIONS
Fireproof norms
Snip 2.01.02-85 *
Gosstroy USSR
Moscow 1991
Developed TsNII. Kucherenko Gosstroy USSR (Cand. Tech. Science V.N. Siegerene Corn - head of the topic; Cand. tehn Science L.N. Bruckov; Dr. tech. Science IG Romanenkov), TsNIipromzdaniya State Building of the USSR (Cand. Tech. Science V.V. Fedorov, M.Ya. Roitman) With the participation of the NIIZHB, PromstroyProject and the State Project of the USSR State Building, CNIIEP of Entertainment Buildings and Sports Facilities. B.S. Mezentseva, TsNIIEP of training buildings and TsNIIEP Housing Government Statement, MISI them. V.V. Kuibysheva Minvuza of the USSR, VNIIPO and VIPTSTS MVD of the USSR.
CNIIs have been made. Kucherenko Gosstroy USSR.
Prepared for the approval of the GlavTechnation of the USSR State Building ( G.M. Khorin, G.P. Krasninsky).
With the introduction of SNIP 2.01.02-85 * "Fireproof norms" loses the power of SNIPII. -2-80 "Fireparty standards for designing buildings and structures."
In SNiP 2.01.02-85 * Change No. 1 introduced, approved by the Resolution of the USSR State Building No. 18 of April 24, 1991
When using the regulatory document, approved changes in the construction norms and rules and government standards, published in the Journal of the Bulletin of Construction Equipment, "Collection of Changes to construction standards and the rules "of the USSR State Building and Information Index" State Standards of the USSR "of the State Standard.
These standards must be respected in the development of projects of buildings and structures.
These norms establish the fire and technical classification of buildings and structures, their elements, building structures, materials, as well as general fire protection requirements for constructive and planning solutions of premises, buildings and structures of various purposes.
These norms are complemented and clarified by firefire requirements set forth in SNiP of part 2 and in other regulatory documents 1, approved or agreed by the USSR State Building.
In these standards, the terms and definitions given in ST SEV 383 -76 and GOST 12.1.033-81 * are taken.
1.5. Frames of suspended ceilings should be performed from non-combustible materials.
Filling out suspended ceilings is allowed to perform from combustible materials, except for the fillings of suspended ceilings in common corridors, on stairs, in staircases, lobby, halls and lobby buildingsI - IV and the degrees of fire resistance.
In space behind the suspended ceiling, it is not allowed to provide for the placement of channels and pipelines for transporting combustible gases, dusty mixtures, liquids and materials.
Minimum limits of fire resistance of building structures, h (above the line), and maximum limits of the spread of fire on them, cm (below the line)
staircases, boosters, steps, beams and marches of staircases
plates, flooring (including insulation) and others bearing structures overlaps
elements of coatings
carriers and staircases
self-supporting
external nonsepsive (including hinged panels)
internal nonsense (partitions)
plates, flooring (including insulation) and runs
beams, farms, arches, frames
n.. N..
n.. N..
n.. N..
n.. N..
Do not normal
Notes: 1. In brackets are shown the limits of the spread of fire for vertical and inclined areas of structures.
2. Reduction "n. n. "means that the indicator is not normalized.
When using suspended ceilings to increase the limits of fire resistance of overlaps and coatings Limit of fire resistance or coating with suspended ceilings It should be determined as for a single design, and the limit of the spread of fire is separate for overlapping or coating and for a suspended ceiling. At the same time, the limit of the spread of fire for such a suspended ceiling should be no more mounted for the protected overlap or coating. Suspended ceilings should not have openings, and communications located above the suspended ceilings should be performed from non-combustible materials.
1.6*. In buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to use partitions from plasterboard sheets according to GOST 6266-89 with a frame of non-combustible materials with a limit of fire resistance, respectively, 1 and 0.5 hours. At the same time in general corridors, staircases, lobby, halls and foyer Plasterboard sheets are not allowed to be painted with flammable paints.
1.7. Designs that form the slope of the floor in harvesters must comply with the standards set in for plates, flooring, and other carrier structures.
1.8. In the buildings of all degrees of fire resistance, the roof, rafters and the crate of adhesive coatings, floors, doors, gates, windows of windows and lights, as well as decoration (including lining) walls and ceilings, regardless of the normalized limits of the spread of fire on them, it is allowed to perform from combustible materials. At the same time, the rafters and the crate of adhesive coatings (except for the degree of v degree of fire resistance) should be subjected to flame retardant processing. The quality of flame retardant treatment should be such that the loss of the mass of flame retardant wood when testing under ST SEV 4686-84 did not exceed 25% .
In buildings with attics (except for buildingsV. The degree of fire resistance) during the device rafters and crates from combustible materials is not allowed to use roofs from combustible materials.
In the premises in which combustible fluids are produced, the floors should be made from non-combustible materials.
In buildings of all degrees of fire resistance, exceptV. It is not allowed to carry out cladding from combustible materials and pasting with combustible film materials of walls and ceilings in common corridors, in staircases, lobby, halls and lobby, as well as arrange the floors in the lobby, stairwells and elevator halls.
In buildings I - III The degrees of fire resistance is not allowed to perform from combustible and hard-scale materials the facing of the outer surfaces of the outer walls.
The door of the built-in cabinets for the placement of fire cranes is allowed to perform from combustible materials.
1.9. In the walls, partitions, overlaps and coatings of buildings, it is not allowed to provide emptiness limited by combustible materials, with the exception of voids:
in the wooden structures of floors and coatings separated by deaf diaphragms on the plot of no more than 54 m 2, as well as along the contour of the inner walls;
between the steel or aluminum profiled sheet and vapor barrier, provided that the insulation is located from a non-combustible or hard-scale material located behind vaporizolation. With a heater from combustible materials (including without lakesolation), these voids of sheets should be filled with non-combustible or difficult-to-length material for a length of at least 25 cm;
between non-flames with the structures and their cladding from combustible materials on the side of the premises, subject to the separation of these voids with deaf diaphragms on the plots of no more than 3 m 2;
between facing from combustible materials and the outer surfaces of the walls of one-storey buildings with a height from the ground level to the eaves of not more than 6 m and the construction area of \u200b\u200bnot more than 300 m 2, provided that these voids are separated by deaf diaphragms on the area of \u200b\u200b7.2 m 2.
Deaf diaphragms are allowed to perform from combustible materials.
2.1. Premises in which combustible gases and liquids are applied or stored, and there are processes associated with the formation of combustible dusts, it is not allowed to be placed directly under the premises intended for simultaneously staying more than 50 people.
Note. Indicators of fire hazard substances are determined according to GOST 12.1.044 -84.
2.2. The basements under buildings should be one-storey, except in cases provided for in the Snip part 2.
In the basements and basement floors, premises are not allowed, in which combustible gases and liquids are applied or stored, as well as flammable materials.
2.3. In each part of the basement (including in the corridor), highlighted by fireproof walls or partitions, with rooms in which combustible substances and materials are applied or stored, should be provided for at least two windows with dimensions of 0.75´ 1.2 m with pitfall. The free area of \u200b\u200bthe specified windows must be taken by calculation, but not less than 0.2% of the area of \u200b\u200bthese premises.
Type of fire prevention barriers or their elements
Minimal limit of fire resistance fireproof barriers or their elements, h
Fire walls
Fireborns
Fire overlap
Fire doors and windows
Fire gates, hatches, valves
Tambura gateways
Elements of tambour gateways:
fireborns
fire overlap
fire doors
Elements of fireproof zones:
firewalls separating, zone from the premises of fire compartments
fireborne partitions inside the zone
fire overlap
coverage elements
exterior walls
Fire walls, partitions, overlap, structures of fireproof zones and tambour gateways, as well as filling light openings in fireproof obstacles should be performed from non-combustible materials.
It is allowed in fire-fighting doors and the hatches of the 1st and 2nd types to use wood protected from all sides by non-flammable materials with a thickness of at least 4 mm or subjected to deep impregnation with antipirens or other flame retardant processing, ensuring its compliance with the requirements for the difficult-scale materials.
It is allowed as fireproof to use partitions from plasterboard sheets according to GOST 6266-89, with a frame of non-combustible materials, with a limit of fire resistance at least 1.25 h for 1-th type partitions and 0.75 hours for type 2 partitions. Conign nodes of these partitions with other structures should have a limit of fire resistance of at least 1.25 h and 0.75 hours, respectively.
3.3. The limit of fire resistance of fire doors and a gate should be determined by ST SEV 3974-85, and fire-fighting windows, hatches and valves - according to ST SEV 1000-78. At the same time, the limit states on fire resistance for windows are characterized only by the collapse and loss of density, and for fire doors of elevator shafts - only the heat-insulating capacity and loss of density door canvas.
3.16. Firewalls and zones should maintain their functions with a unilateral collapse of the structures adjacent to them.
4.1. Evacuation routes should ensure the safe evacuation of all people in the premises of buildings through evacuation outputs.
4.2. Outputs are evacuation, if they lead out of the premises:
a) the first floor outside directly or through the corridor, the lobby, the staircase;
b) any floor, except for the first, in the corridor, leading to the staircase, or directly in the staircase (including through the hall). At the same time, the staircases must have a way out directly or through the lobby separated from the adjacent corridors with partitions with doors;
c) in the neighboring room on the same floor, provided by the outputs specified in subparagraphs "A" and "B", except in the cases specified in the Snip part 2.
When applying evacuation outputs of two staircases through a common lobby, one of them, in addition to the exit to the lobby, should have a way out directly out.
Outputs are allowed to be provided through the tambura.
4.3*. From the buildings, from each floor and from the room should be provided for at least two evacuation outputs, except in cases indicated in the Snip part 2.
Evacuation outputs should be dispersed. Minimum distance l.between the most distant one from the other escautional outlets from the room should be determined by the formula
where P- Perimeter of the room.
4.4. From the room with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 300 m 2, located in the basement or basement floor, it is allowed to provide one evacuation output if the number of permanently in it does not exceed 5 people. With the number of people from 6 to 15, it is allowed to provide for the second yield through the hatch with dimensions of at least 0.6´ 0.8 m with a vertical staircase or through the dimensions of at least 0.75´ 1.5 m with exit device.
4.5*. Outputs from basements and basement floors should be provided directly to the outside, except in the cases indicated in the Snip part 2.
4.6. The width of evacuation paths in the light should be at least 1 m, doors - not less than 0.8 m.
With the doors opening out of the premises in general corridors, the width of the evacuation path on the corridor should be taken by the width of the corridor, reduced:
half the width of the door leaf - with a one-sided location of the doors;
on the width of the door leaf - with double-sided location of the doors.
The height of the passage on the Evacuation paths must be at least 2 m.
The dismantled path of evacuation should be taken to snip part 2.
4.7. In the floor on the Evacuation paths, the differences of heights of less than 45 cm and protrusions, with the exception of thresholds in doorway. In the places of the height drops, there should be stairs with the number of steps of at least three or ramps with a slope of no more than 1: 6.
4.8. In general corridors, it is not allowed to provide a device for built-in wardrobes, with the exception of cabinets for communications and fire cranes.
4.9. Device screw stairs, running steps, sliding and lifting doors and gates, as well as rotating doors and turnstiles on the Evacuation paths is not allowed.
4.10. In the lobby, it is allowed to place security rooms, outdoor wardrobe and trading trays.
4.11. In the staircases, it is not allowed to provide for premises of any destination, industrial gas pipelines and steam pipelines, pipelines with combustible liquids, electrical cables and wires (with the exception of electrical wiring for illumination of corridors and stair cells), outputs from lifts and freight elevators, garbage chutes, as well as equipment that protrudes from the wall plane at an altitude of up to 2.2 m from the surface of the expact and stairs.
In buildings height from the ground level to the floor of the upper floor less than 26.5 m is allowed in the stairwells to provide garbage disputes and wiring for lighting apartments.
There are no more than two passenger elevators descending at no lower floors in the staircases (except for unseasonable).
4.12. Doors on the paths of evacuation should be opened in the direction of exit from the building.
Doors on balconies, loggias (with the exception of doors leading to the air zone of unnecessary type 1-type staircases) and on the site of external stairs, intended for evacuation, doors from premises with a simultaneous stay of no more than 15 people, doors from storage room no more 200 m 2 and sanitary nodes are allowed to design the premises opening inward.
4.13. The height of the doors in the light on the Evacuation paths should be at least 2 m.
The height of doors and passes leading to the premises without permanent stay in them, as well as in the basements, basement and technical floors, is allowed to be reduced to 1.9 m, and doors that are yield into a attic or an invisible coating - up to 1.5 m .
4.14. External evacuation doors of buildings should not have constipation that cannot be opened from the inside without a key.
4.15. The door of the staircases leading to common corridors, the doors of the elevator halls and tambour gateways must have devices for self-sharpening and sealing in the coarse and should not have constipation that prevent them from opening without a key.
In buildings with a height of more than four floors, the indicated doors, in addition to the apartment, should be deaf or with reinforced glass. The width of the outer doors of the stair cells and the doors in the lobby should be no less calculated width of the march stairs.
Doors of staircases in the open position should not reduce the estimated width of the staircase and marches.
4.16. Tovacuation of people from buildings are envisaged:
type stairs:
1st - internal placed in stairwells;
2nd - internal open (without enclosing walls);
3rd - outdoor open;
conventional style staircases:
1st - with natural lighting through windows in the outer walls (including open to the outer environment);
2nd - without natural light through windows in the outer walls (including top lighting);
unsupply staircase types of types:
1-y - with output through the outer air zone on balconies, loggiam, open transitions, gallery;
2nd - with a porch of air in a fire;
3rd - with access to the staircase through a tambour-gateway with a support of the air (constant or in a fire).
The scope of these stairs and staircases is set to Snip part 2.
4.17. The width of the march of the stairs should be no less width of the evacuation exit (door) in the staircase.
The width of the staircase should be no less march width, and in front of the entrances to elevators with swing doors - no less than the amount of the march width and half of the elevator door width, but not less than 1.6 m.
There should be a gap of a width of at least 50 mm between marchs of stairs.
4.18. Escalators should be designed on the standards established for the design of stairs, taking into account the requirements of clause 4.19.
drawings and description of the design of the samples;
data on meteo conditions during testing;
for asymmetric inner walls and partitions - indication of the parties subjected to fireflies when tested;
description of the sample behavior when tested, recording controlled parameters, including the indications of the thermocouple, and the results of their processing;
results of measuring the boundaries of the sample damage in the control zone as a result of its combustion;
conclusion with an indication of the distribution limit on the design;
photograph of designs in the process and after the test, and if necessary, and after opening the internal layers.
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Degree of fire resistance |
Constructive characteristics |
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Buildings with carriers and enclosing structures from natural or artificial stone materials, concrete or reinforced concrete with the use of sheet and slab non-combustible materials |
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Also. In the coatings of buildings allowed to use unprotected steel structures |
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Buildings with carriers and enclosing structures from natural or artificial stone materials, concrete or reinforced concrete. For overlappings, the use of wooden structures protected by plaster or hard-sized sheets, as well as slaughter materials. Elements of coatings are not presented to the requirements for the limits of fire resistance and the limits of the spread of fire, the elements of the attic coating of wood are subjected to flame retardant processing |
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Buildings mainly with a frame structural circuit. Frame elements - from steel unprotected structures. Fencing structures - from steel profiled sheets or other non-combustible leafy materials with a difficult-scale insulation |
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Buildings are predominantly single-storey with a frame structural circuit. Frame elements - from solid or glued wood, subjected to flame retardant processing, providing the required limit of the spread of fire. Fencing structures - from panels or element assemblies, made using wood or materials based on it. Wood and other combustible materials of the enclosing structures should be subjected to flame retardant processing or protected from the effects of fire and high temperatures Thus, to ensure the desired limit of the spread of fire. |
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Buildings with carriers and enclosing structures made of solid or glued wood and other combustible or hard-scale materials protected from fire and high temperatures with plaster or other sheets or slab materials. Elements of coatings are not presented to the requirements for the limits of fire resistance and the limits of the spread of fire, the elements of the attic coating of wood are subjected to flame retardant processing |
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Buildings are predominantly single-storey with a frame structural circuit. Frame elements - from steel unprotected structures. Fencing structures - from steel profiled sheets or other non-combustible materials with flammable insulation |
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Buildings, to the carrier and enclosing structures of which are not presented to the requirements for the limits of fire resistance and the limits of the spread of fire |
Note. Building structures of the buildings in this Annex must meet the requirements and other norms of the present SNiP.
Notes.
1. The distances listed in the table should be taken: for cities and other settlements - from the project city trait for a checkline for 20-25 years; For individual industrial enterprises, railway stations, airfields, sea and river ports and marins, hydraulic structures, flavors of combustible and flammable materials, artesian wells - from the borders of the territories allocated to them, taking into account their development; for railways - from the sole of embankments or brings the removal from the pipeline, but not less than 10 m from the border of the road removal strip; For roads - from the sole of embankment of the earth canvas; for all bridges - from the soles of the cones; For separate buildings - from the nearest speakers of their parts.
2. Subject standing building It is necessary to understand the building located outside the settlement at a distance of at least 50 m from the nearest buildings and structures.
3. The minimum distances from the bridges of iron and highways with a span of 20 m and less should be taken as from the respective roads.
4. With the appropriate justification, it is allowed to reduce the tables specified in GR.3-9 (with the exception of positions 5, 8, 10, 13-16) and in column 2 only for positions 1-6 distances from gas pipelines for no more than 30%, provided Categories of category II pipelines with 100% control of mounting welded X-ray / gamma-ray and gamma rays and no more than 50% when they are classified to the category B, while those indicated in position 3 distances are allowed to reduce no more than 30% when Conditions for classifying pipelines to category V.
The distance specified in positions 1, 4 and 10 for oil pipelines and petroleum products is allowed to be reduced by no more than 30%, provided that it increases the nominal (calculated) thickness of the pipe walls to such a magnitude as a percentage on which the distance is reduced.
5. The minimum distances from the axis of gas pipelines to buildings and structures during the above-ground gasket, provided for in position 1, should be taken increased by 2 times, in positions 2-6, 8-10 and 13 - by 1.5 times. This requirement refers to the sections of the above-ground gasket with a length of over 150 m.
6. At the location of buildings and structures at the above marks of oil pipelines and petroleum products, it is allowed to reduce those specified in positions 1, 2, 4 and 10 to 25%, provided that the distance taken should be at least 50 m.
7. With an overhead laying of oil pipelines and petroleum products, the allowable minimum distances from settlements, industrial enterprises, buildings and structures to the axis of pipelines should be taken as for underground oil pipelines, but not less than 50 m.
8. For gas pipelines laid in forest areas, minimum distances from iron and highways are allowed to be reduced by 30%.
9. The minimum distances indicated in position 7 minimum distances from underwater oil pipelines and petroleum products are allowed to reduce up to 50% when styling these pipelines in steel cases.
10. Gas pipelines and other objects, of which it is possible to emissions or leakage of gas into the atmosphere, should be located outside the aircraft strips to airfields and heliports.
11. The sign "-" in the table means that the distance is not regulated.
3.12. Firetage floors should be adjusted to the outer walls made of non-combustible materials, without gaps. Fire floors in buildings with outer walls that spread fires, or with glazing, located in the level of overlapping, should cross these walls and glazing.
3.13. It is allowed in cases provided for in the Snip part 2, to separate buildings for fire compartments instead of fire walls, provide fireproof zones of the type 1.
The fictional zone of the type 1 is performed in the form of an insert, separating the building along the entire width (length) and height. The insert is part of the building formed by the Film Walls of the 2nd Type, which separate the insertion from fire compartments. The width of the zone must be at least 12 m.
In rooms located within the fireproof zone, it is not allowed to apply or store combustible gases, liquids and materials, as well as provide processes related to the formation of combustible dust.
It is allowed in the coating of the fireproof zone to use the insulation from the difficult-scale materials and the roof from combustible materials, taking into account the requirements of paragraph 3.6.
In the fire walls of the zone, the discharge device is allowed under the condition of filling them in accordance with clause 3.17.
3.14*. Excluded.
3.15. Constructive solutions of fireproof zones in facilities should be taken on SNIP 2.09.03-85.
3.16. Firewalls and zones should maintain their functions with a unilateral collapse of the structures adjacent to them.
3.17. In fire barriers, it is allowed to provide for openings, provided they are filled with fire doors, windows, gates, hatches and valves, or the device in them, tambour gateways. The total area of \u200b\u200bopenings in fireproof obstacles, with the exception of the fences of elevator mines, should not exceed 25% of their area. Fire doors and gates in fireproof obstacles should have seals in the coarse and fixtures for self-closing. Firemen must be unopened.
3.18. The door of the tambour gateways from the premises, which do not apply and do not store combustible gases, fluids and materials, and there are no processes associated with the formation of combustible dusts, is allowed to perform from flammable materials with a thickness of at least 4 cm and without voids.
In Tambura gateways, it is necessary to provide a support for air in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05 -86.
3.19. Fire walls, zones, as well as fire-stop overlapping of the 1st type are not allowed to cross the channels, mines and pipelines for transporting combustible gas and dusty mixtures, combustible liquids, substances and materials.
3.20. In the places of crossing fire walls, fireproof zones, as well as fireproof overlaps of 1-th channel, mines and pipelines (with the exception of water supply, sewage, steam and water heating pipelines) for transportation of media other than those specified in clause 3.19, automatic Devices that prevent the distribution of combustion products through channels, mines and fire pipelines.
3.21. The enclosing structures of elevator shafts, the premises of the machine branches of elevators, channels, mines and niches for laying communications must comply with the requirements of 1-type firefares and overlap of the 3rd type.
If the device is impossible in the fencing of elevator mines of fire doors, there should be provided by tamburas or halls with 1-type firefights and overlap of the 3rd type.
3.22. When designing the intersections of fire prevention barriers, air ducts should be guided by the indications of SNiP 2.04.05 -86.
4.1. Evacuation routes should ensure the safe evacuation of all people in the premises of buildings through evacuation outputs.
4.2. Outputs are evacuation, if they lead out of the premises:
a) the first floor outside directly or through the corridor, the lobby, the staircase;
b) any floor, except for the first, in the corridor, leading to the staircase, or directly in the staircase (including through the hall). At the same time, the staircases must have a way out directly or through the lobby separated from the adjacent corridors with partitions with doors;
c) in the neighboring room on the same floor, provided by the outputs specified in subparagraphs "A" and "B", except in the cases specified in the Snip part 2.
When applying evacuation outputs of two staircases through a common lobby, one of them, in addition to the exit to the lobby, should have a way out directly out.
Outputs are allowed to be provided through the tambura.
4.3*. From the buildings, from each floor and from the room should be provided for at least two evacuation outputs, except in cases indicated in the Snip part 2.
Evacuation outputs should be dispersed. Minimum distance l.between the most distant one from the other escautional outlets from the room should be determined by the formula
where P
4.4. From the room with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 300 m 2, located in the basement or basement floor, it is allowed to provide one evacuation output if the number of permanently in it does not exceed 5 people. For people from 6 to 15, it is allowed to provide for the second output through the hatch with dimensions of at least 0.6? 0.8 m with a vertical staircase or through a window with dimensions of at least 0.75? 1.5 m with exit device.
4.5*. Outputs from basements and basement floors should be provided directly to the outside, except in the cases indicated in the Snip part 2.
4.6. The width of evacuation paths in the light should be at least 1 m, doors - not less than 0.8 m.
With the doors opening out of the premises in general corridors, the width of the evacuation path on the corridor should be taken by the width of the corridor, reduced:
half the width of the door leaf - with a one-sided location of the doors;
on the width of the door leaf - with double-sided location of the doors.
The height of the passage on the Evacuation paths must be at least 2 m.
The dismantled path of evacuation should be taken to snip part 2.
4.7. In the floor on the Evacuation paths, the differences are not allowed heights of less than 45 cm and protrusions, with the exception of thresholds in doorways. In the places of the height drops, there should be stairs with the number of steps of at least three or ramps with a slope of no more than 1: 6.
4.8. In general corridors, it is not allowed to provide a device for built-in wardrobes, with the exception of cabinets for communications and fire cranes.
1. parts of buildings, structures, fire compartments, as well as rooms of various classes of functional fire danger Must be separated by enclosing structures with the normalized fire resistance limits and classes of constructive fire hazard or fireproof obstacles. Requirements for such enlightening structures and types of fireary barriers are established taking into account the classes of the functional fire hazard of the premises, the magnitude of the fire load, the degree of fire resistance and the class of the structural fire danger of the building, structures, the fire compartment.
2. Limits of fire resistance and types of building structures that perform the functions of fireproof obstacles that correspond to them types of filling of openings and tambour gateways are shown in Table 23
3. Fire resistance limits for the appropriate types of opening of openings in fireproof obstacles are shown in Table 24 of the annex to this federal law.
4. Requirements for elements of cam-gateways of various types are shown in Table 25 of the annex to this federal law.
5. Fire walls should be built to the entire height of the building or structure either before the fireplace floors of the 1st type and ensure the non-proliferation of the fire into the adjacent fire compartment, including with a unilateral collapse of the construction of the building or facility from the fire focus.
(see text in the previous edition)
6. Places of interfacing fire walls, overlaps and partitions with other enclosing structures of the building, structures, fire compartment must have a limit of fire resistance at least the limit of flame resistance of mating obstacles.
(see text in the previous edition)
7. Constructive execution of firewood interface sites with other walls of buildings and structures should exclude the possibility of spreading a fire bypassing these obstacles.
(see text in the previous edition)
8. Windows in fire barriers must be unopened, and fire doors and gates must have devices for self-sharpening. Fire doors, gates, curtains, hatches and valves that can be operated in the open position should be equipped with devices that provide them with automatic closing during a fire.
9. The total area of \u200b\u200bopenings in fireproof obstacles should not exceed 25 percent of their area.
10. In fire prevention barriers separating categories of categories A and B from the premises of other categories, corridors, stairwells and elevator halls, tambour gateways should be provided with a permanent direction of air. The device of common tambour gateways for two or more adjacent rooms of categories A and B is not allowed.
11. If it is impossible to device tambour-gateways in fireproof obstacles separating categories of categories a and b from other premises, or fire doors, gates, curtains, hatches and valves in fireproof barriers separating categories in from other premises, a set of measures should be provided for Prevent the distribution of fire to adjacent floors and in adjacent premises.
12. In the openings of fireproof obstacles that cannot be closed by fire doors or gates, for communication between adjacent rooms of category B or G and the rooms of category D, a device of open beams equipped with installations should be provided. automatic fire extinguishing, Or must be installed instead of doors and gates fire curtains, screens. The enclosing structures of these tambours must be fire.
13. Fire doors, gates, hatches and valves should provide regulatory value Limits of fire resistance of these structures. Fire curtains and screens must be performed from the materials of the combustible NG group.
14. It is not allowed to cross the fire walls and overlaps of 1-th channels, mines and pipelines for transporting combustible gases, dusty mixtures, liquids, other substances and materials. In places intersection of such fire-fighting barriers, mines and pipelines for transporting substances and materials other than the above, with the exception of channels of anti-refinery systems, automatic devices should be provided to prevent the distribution of combustion products through channels, mines and pipelines.
15. Enclosing the designs of elevator mines located outside the staircase and the premises of the machine branches of elevators (except for those located on the roof), as well as channels and mines for laying communications must comply with the requirements for 1-type firefares and overlap of the 3rd type. The limit of fire resistance of the enclosing structures between the elevator's mine and the machine separation of the elevator is not normalized.
16. Door openings in the fences of elevator mines with the outputs of them into corridors and other rooms, except staircases, should be protected by fire doors with a fire resistance of at least EI 30 or screens from non-combustible materials with the fire resistance of at least EI 45 automatically closing doorways Elevator shafts in the fire, or elevator mines in buildings and structures should be separated from corridors, staircases and other premises of the tambura or holla with firebird 1-th type and overlap of the 3rd type.
