The use of a circulation pump for heating systems significantly improves them performance characteristics... In addition, such pumps, thanks to which the water heated by the boiler enters all the elements heating systems much faster and less cooled, allow you to save on energy resources (electricity, fuel for the boiler). The effectiveness of the use of circulation pumps as part of heating systems largely depends on the correct choice of such equipment, made on the basis of its technical characteristics.
Before figuring out which ones they have circulation pumps for heating systems technical data, you should get acquainted with different types such equipment. By design, circulating pumps are distinguished:
The design feature of devices of the first type is that the moving elements of their rotor unit are constantly in contact with the pumped medium, which ensures not only their lubrication, but also effective cooling. In addition, the operation of such equipment, the rotor of which is constantly in a liquid medium that perfectly absorbs all vibrations, is characterized by a minimum noise level. The advantages of circulation pumps with a "wet" rotor are their compact size, ease of installation and maintenance. If we talk about the disadvantages of such hydraulic machines, then the most significant of them is the low efficiency.
Wet rotor circulation pump design
In circulation pumps with a "dry" rotor, as it becomes clear from their name, the elements of the rotor unit do not come into contact with the liquid heat carrier, which gives such devices both advantages and disadvantages. The most significant advantages of this type of hydraulic machines are high productivity and efficiency, up to 80%. Circulating pumps with "dry" rotor are equipped with powerful thermal stations and heating systems for industrial use, as a rule, they are not used in domestic heating systems. Among the disadvantages of hydromachines with a "dry" rotor are usually called a sufficiently high noise level, as well as the complexity of installation and maintenance.
Circulation pump device with "dry" rotor
The technical capabilities and operating conditions of circulation pumps for heating systems are determined by a number of characteristics.
Performance
This parameter indicates the amount of liquid that the device is able to pump over a unit of time of its operation. The unit of measure for this parameter is m 3 / hour.
Pressure
The head is also called hydraulic resistance. The amount of pressure generated by the circulation pump is measured in meters or decimeters of water column.
Supply voltage
This parameter determines the type electrical network(single or three-phase) to which the pump can be connected. Naturally, for installation in heating systems residential buildings you should choose hydromachines that operate on a 220 V electric power supply network.
Power consumption
This characteristic depends both on the specific model of pumping equipment and on the mode in which it operates. Many models of circulation pumps designed for domestic heating systems can provide several speeds for pumping water. On the casing of such pumps, as a rule, there is a special plate, which indicates the power consumption and current strength corresponding to each of the operating modes. The vast majority of circulation pumps for domestic heating systems are characterized by power consumption in the range of 50–70 W.
Table 1. Basic parameters and features of the choice of circulation pumps for heating
Maximum coolant temperature
When choosing a circulation pump for a heating system according to this parameter, preference should be given to models designed to work with a working environment, the temperature of which can reach 110 °.
Dimensional parameters
This includes such characteristics as the diameter of the threaded part of the mounting elements of the pumping equipment and the installation length of its body. Most of circulation pumps used in domestic heating systems simply cuts into the pipeline and connects to its elements using cap nuts - "American". Quite often, both the nuts themselves and the branch pipes for connecting the device to the piping system are already included in its factory complete set. The most common mounting diameters of circulation pumps used to equip domestic heating systems are 1 and 1.25 inches (25 and 32 mm, respectively). The installation length of domestic circulation pumps can be 130 or 180 mm.
Electrical protection class
Majority modern models circulation pumps for domestic heating systems according to the international classification correspond to the protection class IP44. Pump equipment manufacturers of this class provide protection against the ingress of solid foreign particles into its inner part, the size of which exceeds 1 mm. This is indicated by the first number 4 in the marking. The next number 4 in the designation of the protection class means that the electrical part of the equipment is insured against liquid drops and splashes flying at any angle.
Maximum liquid outlet pressure
On the case of many models of circulation pumps, you can find information about this characteristic. As a rule, for household equipment this parameter does not exceed 10 bar. From a practical point of view, he says nothing, characteristics such as pressure and performance are much more important.
Brand and manufacturing company
When choosing circulation pumps for heating systems (however, like any other technical devices) it is better to give preference to products from well-known manufacturers who take quality issues more seriously and provide reliable guarantees.
The technical characteristics of circulation pumps for heating systems, as a rule, are included in the designation of their models. Using such notation, in particular, one can immediately determine the following parameters: fluid pressure created by the device, diameters of its suction and discharge nozzles, installation length.
You should start choosing a specific model of a circulation pump only after the heating system is designed and the total length of its closed circuit becomes known. In addition to the length of the heating system circuit, the choice of a circulation pump is also influenced by the number of radiators with which it will be equipped. Only after receiving all these data, it is possible to determine with high accuracy what capacity the circulation pump should have and what value of the coolant pressure in the system it should provide. It is very important to calculate the performance of the circulation pump for the heating system based on the lowest temperature outside, when pumping device will work at maximum load.
When choosing a circulation pump for a heating system according to the characteristics of such a device, you can focus on the following recommendations from experienced specialists.
If heating is required large rooms total area of several hundred square meters system pressure autonomous heating with natural circulation (about 0.6 MPa) generated by a heating heater is usually insufficient.
To solve this problem, you can go in two ways:
1. Build a closed system using large caliber pipes that are not cheap.
2. Turn on the circulation pump in the system.
The second option is more economically feasible. Thanks to the improvement in the circulation of the coolant in the system, the heating efficiency increases significantly.
Circulating heating pumps are divided into two types:
1.With wet rotor.
They are used in the heating system of private households, where the length of the pipelines is not so great.
The rotor of the pump, equipped with an impeller, rotating inside the housing, accelerates the movement of the coolant. The fluid inside which the rotor rotates cools and lubricates the mechanism.
When installing a "wet type" pump, pay attention to the horizontalness of the shaft, then there will always be water inside the casing.
Advantages of Glandless Rotor Pumps:
- practically silent;
- stepless switching of the rotor speed;
- reliability in operation;
- long service life;
- no need for maintenance;
- ease of repair and adjustment of the pump;
- relative cheapness.
Disadvantages:
- low efficiency (no more than 50%)
2.With dry rotor. They are used in long-distance heating systems. O-rings are installed between the electric motor and the working part of the rotor, the service life of which is 3 years. There is no contact between the rotor and the coolant.
Advantages:
- high efficiency - about 80%;
Disadvantages:
- high level noise, and therefore they are installed in a separate room equipped with sound insulation;
- the need to control the absence of suspended particles in the coolant and dust in the air surrounding the engine in order to avoid damage to the surfaces of the sealing rings, which can cause their damage and leakage.
When choosing the type and model of a circulation pump for a heating system, one should also take into account their performance, operating conditions, characteristics of the coolant (its viscosity and density), recommendations and requirements of the manufacturer for the installation and quality characteristics of the pumped-over liquid.
It was believed by many that for domestic use it is necessary to take circulation pumps with a wet rotor. Dry rotary circulation pumps were used for industrial use.
It was believed that dry rotor pumps are oversized and noisy. However, large manufacturers began to produce more and more household models of circulation pumps with a dry rotor.
The industry uses dry rotor circulation pumps.
In the domestic version, circulation pumps with a wet and dry rotor are used. For industrial needs, pumps with a wet rotor are not used, since they can be produced with a power of up to 3 kW and they are not widely used.
Advantages of circulation pumps with a dry rotor of industrial design: the quality of the coolant is not important for them, they have good maintainability. The downside of these pumps is that they are large, make a lot of noise, so they are installed in separate rooms, consume a lot of electricity.
As for the domestic version of the pump with a dry rotor, its advantages:
has a higher efficiency;
the purity of the coolant is not important for him;
has good maintainability, and spare parts are cheaper than pumps with a wet rotor;
in size, it almost does not differ from the wet-rotor analogue.
The downside is a lot of noise during operation and the need for regular replacement of the mechanical seal.
The disadvantages of circulation pumps with a dry rotor are the advantages for a pump with a wet rotor: noiselessness, no mechanical seal. The disadvantage is that the quality of the coolant is of great importance during operation. The worse the quality of the pumped liquid, the faster the pump can fail.
Considering all the pluses and minuses of the considered pumps, we can draw the appropriate conclusions. If the quality of the coolant is not important to you, then it is better to choose a pump with a wet rotor, but it is not known what will happen to the rest of the heating system.
If you want everything to work smoothly, it is better to use a motor with a dry rotor, but you need to take care of the quality of the coolant.
As for the noise, everyone decides for himself, because the pump does not come into sight so often. The efficiency is not so important, since the difference in percentage is small, but the absence of the need to replace the mechanical seal is a big plus.
However, maintenance should be carried out regularly together with an inspection of the entire heating system by a specialist.
The circulation pump is a key figure in modern heating systems with forced circulation of the coolant. Its use eliminates the need to install the boiler at the lowest point of the room and makes it possible to use small-diameter pipes with an arbitrary line arrangement. In addition, the introduction of a circulation pump into the circuit increases the performance of heating and reduces the cost of energy. The service life of the unit directly depends on the correct installation and compliance with the technical characteristics of the hydraulic parameters of the heating system. Let's understand the intricacies of pump designs and the nuances that you need to pay attention to when choosing a device.
Circulation pumps for heating systems
The pump for heating systems consists of a cast-type casing, a ceramic or steel rotor with a plastic or light-alloy impeller (impeller), a stator installed in a casing, and a terminal box with an adjusting device.
When the electric motor rotates, the impeller throws the coolant to the outer edge of the volute, made in the housing. Further movement and pumping of the working fluid occurs due to centrifugal force. In this case, a vacuum arises at the inlet of the pump, which contributes to the suction of a new portion of the coolant.
The design of the circulation pump is typical for centrifugal units, but at the same time it has many interesting design solutions.
Depending on the design, all pumping units of heating systems are divided into two types:
Both types of devices are quite effective in heating pipelines and have both advantages and disadvantages.
In devices with a dry rotor, the electric motor is placed outside the pump housing
In such units, the rotor does not come into contact with the working fluid, since all the elements of the electric motor are separated from the working chamber of the device by a special type of sealing system. It consists of polished metal rings carefully fitted to each other. To eliminate friction, there is always a thin film of liquid between the sealing elements, which acts as a lubricant. It is she who prevents damage to the seal rings.
Depending on the location of the individual structural elements, dry pumps of heating systems can be divided into three types:
The suction branch pipe of the cantilever circulation pumps is located on the outer edge of the volute, while the discharge part is moved to the opposite side. A feature of the second type units is the location of the electric motor in vertical plane, which can significantly improve the performance of devices.
Dry rotor circulation pump device
Dry rotor pumps offer numerous benefits:
At the same time, the increased noise level of units of this type does not allow them to be installed in residential premises. The disadvantages also include the requirements for the cleanliness of the coolant and the need for periodic maintenance and lubrication of the movable seal.
The advantages of wet rotor circulation pumps have opened up broad prospects for their use in autonomous heating systems.
The rotor and impeller of pumps of this type are located in the pumped-over coolant, which does an excellent job not only with its main function, but also with cooling the electric motor parts. The stator of the pump motor is separated from the rotor by a sealed cup made of non-magnetic steel or carbon fiber. Wet-type units are designed to operate in systems with a stable, infrequently changing flow rate. The presence of the control unit allows you to vary the number of connected windings, and accordingly, change the pump performance. The choice of the optimal operating mode has a positive effect on the efficiency of the unit.
The advantages of "wet" type units include:
Pumps with a wet rotor are not without drawbacks in the form of low efficiency (slightly more than 30%), the inability of the unit to operate without a coolant and the requirements for horizontal orientation of the rotor shaft during operation.
Flange connection is most often used in higher capacity pump models
Circulation pumps with a dry rotor are most often used in pipelines of municipal and industrial highways, as more efficient and powerful devices. Their connection is carried out mainly flange connection, and for installation, both a common support frame and a specially equipped foundation can be used. At the same time, manufacturers also produce devices designed for integration into autonomous heating systems. As a rule, they all have increased power and performance, and their installation does not require special fastening.
The delivery set of pumps with a coupling type of connection must include fasteners
Coupling connections of circulation pumps are typical for low-power wet-type units with direct-flow coolant flow, which can be built directly into the pipeline. Such devices are represented by a wide range of domestic centrifugal pumps, while powerful industrial units with a flange connection require additional pipeline fastening using a console and a foundation.
The efficient operation of the heating system is directly related to the performance of the circulation pump and the amount of pressure at its outlet.
At a low power of the unit, an insufficient amount of coolant will be pumped through the system, which will not make it possible to reach the required temperature.
In addition, when used in everyday life, the noise level (which depends on the speed) and the efficiency of the unit's electric motor are considered important factors affecting the choice. The correct selection of the heating system pump requires thermal and hydraulic calculations, on the basis of which the optimal technical characteristics are determined.
Before proceeding to determine the performance (flow rate, volumetric flow) of the circulation pump, calculate the amount of heat required to heat the room in the coldest season. To calculate this parameter, there are special formulas that include both the physical parameters of the room and possible heat losses. We propose to use a simplified calculation method applicable to the middle zone of our country. It lies in the fact that the required amount of heat for heating 1 square meter of the room area is 100 watts. Therefore, to determine the required amount of thermal energy, the total area of premises in a house or apartment should be multiplied by 100. For insulated buildings, this parameter is reduced by 25 - 30%.
P is the required thermal power, kW;
Tf - temperature on the supply side, ºС;
Tr is the temperature in the return line, ºС.
For example, for a house with a total area of 80 square meters at a coolant temperature at the outlet of the boiler 70 ºС and in the return pipeline 50 ºС, the flow rate will be at least Q = 8 × 0.86 / (70-50) = 0.34m3 / h.
The next step in choosing a pump is to calculate the supply pressure of the heating medium. This characteristic determines how easily the unit can overcome the hydraulic resistance of the liquid in the pipes of the heating system. The amount of pressure is calculated by the formula:
H = 1.3 × (S1 × L1 + S2 × L2 + Z1 + Z2 +… Zx) / 10000, here:
S1, S2 - pressure losses in the pressure and return lines, Pa / m;
L1, L2 - respectively the length of the supply and return branches, m;
Zx - individual resistances of pipeline sections, Pa.
Table of the value of hydraulic resistances for various parameters of pipelines
The values for the calculations can be taken from the technical data sheets for the equipment and structural elements heating systems or from special tables. For a simplified calculation, the following values can be used:
Pressure losses at nodal points of heating systems
Having received the values of the volumetric flow and pressure, the required model of the circulation pump is selected from the catalog.
An important characteristic of a centrifugal pump is power, since it is this parameter that affects how much electricity its electric motor will consume. Modern devices are equipped with a step regulation system, which helps to choose the most optimal operating mode.
The consumption of domestic circulation pumps is minimized and comparable to a small light bulb.
In addition, manufacturers are constantly working to improve the energy efficiency of the units. For this purpose, a unified classification has been introduced for this parameter. For example, the consumption of class "A" appliances is no more than 6 W, which will require a little more than 90 kW / h of electricity per year. The power of the circulation pump, as well as the strength of the consumed current, is indicated in the technical passport for the product and is duplicated in the plate located on its body.
The specificity of the use of modern circulation pumps in domestic conditions forces manufacturers to resort to non-standard solutions to reduce the sound pressure level. So, to reduce the cavitation that occurs during the operation of the unit, blades and channels of an optimized shape are used, and the pump bodies are massive structural elements. In addition, the rotating parts are immersed in the liquid, which also contributes to quiet operation. Most often, the noise level of the unit does not exceed 45 dB when operating at the highest speeds. If the regulator is set to the minimum level, then it is almost impossible to hear the sound of rotating elements.
For long-term and reliable operation of the centrifugal pump of the heating system, it is important to install it correctly. Previously produced models were recommended to be mounted on the return heating branches due to the lowered temperature of the coolant, and, accordingly, better cooling of the electric motor of the device. Modern units are made of high-strength, heat-resistant materials, so such restrictions have now been removed. At the same time, manufacturers require the pump to be installed only in positions in which the rotor shaft will occupy a horizontal orientation in space. An important factor affecting the service life of the product is the absence of air in the pipes of the heating system. Therefore, it is mandatory to install expansion tanks and cranes Mayevsky.
During installation, it is imperative that a bypass line is provided, which is necessary for the operation of gravitational heating systems in the event of a pump failure. At the same time, shut-off ball valves are mounted on both sides of the pump, and a coarse filter is installed on the boiler side and check valve... Such a scheme increases the service life of the unit and increases the reliability of its operation.
The pump is maintenance-free during operation. The only thing that may be required when turning on the device is to turn the rotor to make it easier to start and remove air from the working chamber. For this, there is a special plug on the body of the device, and a groove for a screwdriver is made on the rotor shaft.
Thanks to the agreement of the manufacturers of centrifugal pumps, their labeling is unified and has the following features:
For example, the designation WILO 25-60 indicates that the unit manufactured by WILO is designed to be connected to squeegees with a diameter of 25 mm or 1 ″, and its head is 6 m or 0.6 atm. Information about the pump model is contained in a plate located on the device body. In addition, it includes data on current consumption for various operating modes.
Circulation pump marking
There are circulation pumps from many manufacturers on the market. Excellent quality and technical characteristics have units of the German company Grundfos. The cost of low-power devices from them lineup starts from 6,600 rubles for the UPS 25-40 model and exceeds 19,000 rubles for UPS 32-80.
The products of another German brand WILO have an excellent price / quality ratio. So, for a product with parameters 25-20 you will have to pay from 5990 rubles, while the cost of a powerful pump with a pressure of 80 m is almost 11 thousand rubles. As you can see, the difference is significant compared to Grundfos.
More budgetary solutions can be found in the line of models of the Italian company DAB and Pedrollo, the price of which has been reduced in comparison with German counterparts by about 25%. Of the inexpensive products, one can single out products under the Chinese brand SPRUT. The LRS 25-40 pump can be bought for only 1800 rubles, while for the most powerful LRS 32-120 you will have to pay no more than 9 thousand rubles. The only problem is the quality of assembly and components of products from China.
The choice of a centrifugal pump determines how reliably and efficiently the heating will work. Therefore, an accurate calculation of all parameters is needed, taking into account the specific features of the piping layout. Correct installation the unit affects the service life and performance, therefore, during installation, the recommendations of the equipment manufacturer must be strictly followed. Only in this case will the pump be able to work for a long time, delivering comfortable heat to every corner of your home.
Share with your friends!Art. 99347072
UPA15-120 AUTO
Application
Compact booster circulation pumps UPA are designed to increase the pressure in existing cold and hot water supply systems for private houses. First of all, they are used to create a pressure in front of water heaters ( gas water heaters and instantaneous water heaters), washing and dishwashers... UPA can also be used to increase the water pressure in showers or other taps.
They are used for both cold and hot water up to a temperature of 95 ° C.
Possibility of raising water for several points at the same time (1-4 taps), which makes it suitable for apartments with a common water supply and for single-family houses, as well as for:
- Urban areas with low water pressure during peak drawdown hours.
- Apartments with a common low pressure draw-off.
- Rural areas with low water pressure.
Features and Benefits
A new built-in and patented flow switch automatically starts the pump when the tap is turned on, thereby increasing the water pressure. When the valve is closed, the flow sensor stops the pump immediately.
The compact design of the UPA 120 is ideal for installation even in confined spaces.
The built-in flow sensor automatically starts and stops the pump as required to ensure the required water pressure.
The UPA 120 with a new built-in flow sensor is very easy to install.
The high-tech glandless pump UPA 120 runs smoothly and quietly, which is important for its use in private homes.
Circulation pump COMFORT 15-14 BXT PM 1x230V 50Hz art. 99279864 Grundfos
Art. 99279864
Circulating Grundfos pump COMFORT 15-14 BXT PM is required for circulating hot drinking water through the boiler in houses and cottages. By installing such a pump, you will not waste time and water, waiting for hot water... The high energy efficiency of the pump is ensured by a permanent magnet motor and a temperature control mode. In this version, a check valve and a shut-off valve are included with the pump. Available operating modes in the pump COMFORT 15-14 BXT PM: Continuous mode The pump runs continuously. Temperature control The pump turns on and off keeping the water temperature hot. The temperature to be maintained is determined by an internal algorithm. The pump uses an internal temperature sensor.
Specifications:
Pump type: Surface.
Pump type: Circulating.
Max. flow rate: 0.5 m3 / h.
Max. head: up to 1.2 m.
Body material: Brass.
Rotor type: wet.
Operating mode: constant and variable.
Installation length: 110 mm.
Mains voltage: 1 x 230 V.
Water quality: Pure
Protection class: IP 44.
Length: 154 mm.
Width: 84 mm.
Height: 110 mm.
Circulation pump COMFORT 15-14 BT PM 1x230V 50Hz art. 99279863 Grundfos
Art. 99279863
The Grundfos COMFORT 15-14 B PM circulation pump is required to circulate hot potable water through the boiler in houses and cottages. The water in the system will always be hot. Now you will not waste time and water waiting for hot water to come out of the tap. The PM version uses a permanent magnet motor for unrivaled energy savings.
Specifications:
Pump type: Surface.
Pump type: Circulating.
Max flow rate: 0.5 m3 / h.
Max. head: 1.2 m.
Pump installation: Horizontal.
Body material: Brass.
Connection socket diameter: 1/2 ".
Rotor type: wet.
Mode of operation: permanent.
Installation length: 80 mm.
Mains voltage: 1 x 230 V.
Maximum working pressure: 10 bar.
Permissible temperature of the pumped liquid: 2 ° C to 95 ° C.
Water quality: Pure
Protection class: IP 44.
Length: 144 mm.
Width: 84 mm.
Height: 80 mm.
Circulation pump ALPHA3 32-80 180 G 2 1x230V 50Hz with frequency converter art. 99371987 Grundfos
Art. 99371987
ALPHA3 32-80 180.
Specifications
constant curve mode.
Circulation pump ALPHA3 32-60 180 G 2 1x230V 50Hz with frequency converter art. 99371985 Grundfos
Art. 99371985
ALPHA3 32-60 180.
High efficiency rotary circulation pump designed for the circulation of liquids in heating systems. A world-class energy efficiency index (EEI) well below the ErP benchmark provides significant energy savings.
ALPHA3 has a built-in Bluetooth radio and is fully controlled by the smart device via the Grundfos GO Remote app. It provides step-by-step assistance with pump setup, maintenance and commissioning.
ALPHA3 communicates directly with the Grundfos GO Balance app, which allows installers to perform quick and easy hydraulic balancing.
AUTOADAPT function built into radiator mode and underfloor heating, continuously adjusts the pump capacity according to the actual heat demand, that is, the size of the system and the changing heat demand throughout the year. The AUTOADAPT function will find the setting that provides optimal comfort with minimum energy consumption. It also makes commissioning fast, safe and easy.
Specifications
Radiator mode with AUTOADAPT is an easy choice for two-string radiator heating systems.
Floor mode with AUTOADAPT is an easy choice for underfloor heating systems.
Combined radiator and floor operation for systems with a combination of heating systems.
In calendar and summer mode, the real-time clock allows you to choose when the pump should run rather than save energy.
Simple user interface - the pump is fully controlled from the Grundfos GO Remote app.
Alarm and warning log using the Grundfos Go Remote.
No external motor protection required, which reduces installation time
High torque starting improves starting in harsh conditions.
Dry-running protection during start-up and normal operation.
Does not require Maintenance thanks to the design of the rotor and the use of reliable components.
The ALPHA plug makes wiring quick and easy.
The pumps are fitted with insulating shells to minimize heat loss in heating systems.
In addition, the pump also has three control modes with gradual set point adjustment, which allows the pump setting to be adjusted according to the set duty point:
proportional pressure control;
constant pressure control;
constant curve mode.
The display shows the actual energy consumption in watts or the actual flow in m3 / h. The LEDs show the actual operating status.
The pump design and selected materials contribute to a long service life.
The pump evacuates air into the system for easy commissioning. The compact design with a pump head with integrated control box fits most common installations.
Pump and motor form a single unit without a shaft seal. The bearings are lubricated with the pumped liquid. These design features provide maintenance-free operation.
The pump body is made of cast iron. The pump casing and pump head are cataphoresis coated for improved corrosion resistance.
The motor is a synchronous motor with permanent magnet characterized by high efficiency.
The pump speed is controlled by a built-in frequency converter built into the control unit.
The benchmark for the most efficient circulators is EEI ≤ 0.20.
