Thanks to the intensive development of poultry and pig breeding, cultivation of corn in our country occurs in large volumes. At the same time, in addition to feed, there are a large number of grain grades that cultivate for use in food. They are characterized by more gentle grains and taste.
Grow such varieties and in the household plots, and at the cottages. Today, only 1 type of cellar is cultivated - sugar corn. A large number of varieties and hybrids of this species are derived, suitable for both large-scale cultivation and small private farms.
Farmers and gardeners who decide to land culture in their farm will be less expensive, as corn grows, and with what difficulties can be encountered when it is cultivated.
The agrotechnology of corn includes the processing of the soil, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, the choice and preparation of seed material, sowing, planting and harvesting.
Of great importance is the choice of the right area before planting corn. Culture grows well on chernozem, loamy and sugal soil with good aeration and water permeability.
Corn is a light and thermal-loving plant, so it will suit her well-lit terrible territory protected from wind. When choosing a site, it is important to consider that it grows poorly in too moistened lowlands and in wetlands. It is better to choose a flat or elevated territory.
Corn absorbs a large amount of nutrients from the soil, so to preserve his fertility it is important to observe crop rotation and do not cultivate the culture in the same place 2 years in a row.
Corn cultivation in the open ground begins with the choice and preparation of the soil.
Preparation of the site before planting corn begins with the harvesting of precursors. In front of wintering the soil fertility, for which 20-30 kg hurry, 0.3 kg of superphosphate, 0.08-0.1 kg of potassium salts for every 10 m². Fertilizers are brought under plow, the depth of which should be at least 25 cm, and better 30-35 cm.
In the spring, when the upper layer of Pashnya begins to push, the area is loosened to the depth of seed seed (5-8 cm). You can use the harrow or rake. This technique will improve the aeration of the soil, keep moisture in it, will accelerate the germination of seeds.
Swimming is carried out diagonally to the direction of arable land. If the site is abundantly overlapping weeds, it will take 2 cultivations on zyabi: the first is preliminary, to a depth of 8-10 cm, the second is pre-sowing, to the depth of seed seedings.
When the soil warms up to +10 ° C to a depth of 10-12 cm, mineral preparations are made in the soil in the soil: 0.15-0.2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer by 10 m². Loose it to a depth of 8-10 cm and align.
Growing from semen
Culture culture is possible in 2 ways: sowing directly into open ground or by seedlings, followed by disembarkation on the loft. Each of the methods has advantages and disadvantages.
Corn growing with a reckless way does not allow to get an early harvest, but at the same time the landings care is much easier. Plants in this case are more resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions.
Preparation of grains for sowing
When choosing a sowing material, the goal of growing culture should be taken into account. All hybrids and varieties are divided into the cultivation of grain and eating. Productivity, taste and peculiarities of corn are dependent on it.
For sowing, seeds of I and II classes are used, whose germination is not lower than 92%.
Pre-sowing grain processing includes sorting, calibration, chemical seed treatment. Calibrate grains for more uniform shoots. Sorting is carried out for seed seed with defects. Dryaning protects seminal material from pests and diseases. All these procedures are carried out at special enterprises.
To improve the germination of 7 days before seeding, the grain is subjected to air-thermal processing at + 25 ... + 35 ° C and good ventilation. 2-3 days before sowing, the seed material is washed. In the process, unsuitable seeds pop up, which are removed. High-quality grain wrapped in gauze, poured with water room temperature and withstand to germination.
- Wirefronts - larvae oglkunov. Pests often come in irrigated fields and during periods of high humidity. Running roots. Create to destroy up to 90% of crops.
- Larisa scoops. There are a large number of pest species. Caterpillars eat seedy leaves and young sprouts.
To protect crops use various insecticides. Prevention is high-quality agrotechnology: observance of crop rotations, deep plowing before wintering, spring cultivation.
In corn, as valuable protein delicacy, a lot of fans. Few people can refuse sweet custom. You can grow this culture in the country. At the same time, it will not require unnecessary attention, and with a lack of space on the site, it is not necessary to allocate separate beds for it.
If you put corn in a garden with the observance of the rules and deadlines, then in the second half of summer (with the onset of dairy ripening) it will be possible to please their households with a useful and delicious dessert.
Before starting growing on its site of a new culture, it is worth studying its biological features to better understand the preferences of the plant. Corn is a tall creek culture that form a deep penetrating root system. It refers to heat and light-affiliated plants.
Sowing should be carried out in the soil heated to 10-12 ºC. A period of vegetation from shoots to milk-wax rhe, depending on the variety is 70-120 days. In private gloomy, rapid varieties are grown.
Catherine collection is carried out when the upper fibers will dance. If you deploy such a custom, then the grains will be yellow and pillow, but still soft enough, and juice will be released when pressing the nail. Harvesting is better to spend in several stages to prevent the grain peeling. Litted cobs after cooking remain rigid and losing taste. The torn cobs are not subject to long-term storage (no more than 2 days at room temperature and not more than 20 at zero), but they can be preserved and freeze.
Corn for harvesting and powerful vegetative mass consumes many nutrients and this depletes the soil, so when it is cultivated, the addition of organic and mineral fertilizers.
Modern hybrids with a short period of vegetation and high coolness can be successfully grown in the northern regions. But, if fertile and moisture-intensive loams are preferably preferably preferred in the south for corn, then in the north they are more suitable for it, quickly warmed soils are suitable.
In the regions with late spring and short summer, corn cultivation is practiced by a seaside way, which allows you to get a crop for a few weeks earlier. Seeds are better to heat into individual peat pots or cassettes with a volume of 45 cm 3. A universal soil from the garden land, humoring and sand is suitable as a substrate.
Seedlings can be grown in a film greenhouse or a greenhouse, subject to measures to accelerate the heating of the soil. Planting corn to seedlings is carried out by the proceding seeds. For this, the seeds treated with fungicide a few days before the landing are laid out on a wet marla or filter paper.
In addition to the described methods of cultivation of seedlings in the ground, the resourceful gardeners invented growing seedlings without land in the so-called paper self-leaks.
Deadlines depend on the region, on average, shoots should appear a month before the planned landing on a permanent place. Care of seedlings consists in moderate irrigation and two feeding with liquid universal fertilizers.
The root corn system is sensitive to damage, so when planting corn to open ground, you need to avoid the root of the roots. Some gardeners who have the experience of repentrating corn in the country, argue that the best result gives straight sowing to the ground. This opinion was formed due to the sensitivity of corn to the transplant.
If the seedlings exceeded, grown in the general box, did not receive phosphorus in the feeding or was planted too early, then it's not worth waiting for a good crop. As with any other culture, a seaside method requires more time and labor costs.
Dates of planting corn directly into the soil with a reckless way are determined by the growing region and the developing weather conditions. Since this plant is sensitive even to low positive temperatures (the seeds do not germinate at temperatures below 10 ºC, and young plants will stop in growth when cooling), you should not hurry with landings.
In the south of Russia, sowing is recommended at the beginning of May. For the middle strip of Russia and the Moscow region, the deadlines are shifted by 2-3 weeks. As a rule, summer houses adhere to the overall rule for all thermo-loving vegetable crops. Modern cold-resistant hybrids can be heated before, but in such cases, young shoots may require a temporary shelter (film stretched on arcs or bypass material). In the suburbs for landing, two-week seedlings are often used, which is planted after return freezers and quickly risks into growth.
Vegetable corn can be grown in Siberia. Here, the conditions allow to obtain a harvest of milk-wax ripeness, but the aging of the cobs does not occur. Sowing is carried out in the last days of May or early June. At the same time, experts do not recommend using germinated or swollen seeds. It is enough to sow high-quality seeds on the ridges of a well-warmed site. Accelerate the heating of the soil will help black agrofiber, which attracts the sun's rays.
In the Urals and the Far East, dachables practice greenhouse cultivation of corn, highlighting narrow strips around the perimeter for it. Sowing to the greenhouse can be held in early May. If there is an opportunity to use lights, then the seeds are sown in April to seedlings at home.
Corn is a specific plant. On the one hand, it is drought-resistant and unpretentious, and on the other hand, its agricultural engineering has many subtleties. Many cultivation problems can be avoided if you know how to properly plant corn in the country area.
First of all, it is necessary to comply with the recommended landing scheme. First, because corn is a cross-peeled plant and a certain arrangement of several rows is required for full-fledged triggers. Secondly, because corn is very light and does not tolerate even the slightest shading from their fellow. Thirdly, because at the first stage of the growth of corn gives a small increase and excessive rare landings may suffer from cutting between rods.
In private gardening, such a landing scheme is used: ordinary seeding into the wells for two seeds with an interval of 35 cm, 2-3 rows with a distance between rows of 40-50 cm, or a square-nest salt with a distance between plants 45 cm (on 1 sq. M. meter should be located approximately 9 plants).
The depth of the seal is determined by two factors: the soil moisture and the state of the seed (germinated or dry). If you put the swollen seeds with sprouts in warm and wet soil, it is enough to burst into 3 - 4 cm. Dry seeds should be buried stronger (by 5 - 6 cm).
For giving relevant a joint planting of corn with other vegetables. She is well neighboring with cucumbers, pumpkin, beans and beans. At the same time, if optimal conditions are created for the growth of two cultures, there is an increase in their yield.
Negative cultivation experience may be associated with non-compliance with two important rules:
Corn serves good support for the cucumbers, so the wells for them can be done on both sides of the row at a distance of 40 cm. But heavy pumpkin lianas can injure corn shoots, so it is better to place corn around the perimeter of the pumpkin bed at a distance of 50 cm and follow the direction Wheel.
Beans and beans can be soiled along with corn, but subject to compulsory thinning so that in one hole remains one representative of the species. It is noted that when co-landing, the likelihood of disease development is reduced.
And the last moment is not to plant corn along the fence or in the shade of the house. This culture is very demanding of lighting. If you want to pamper your relatives with sweet cobs, then highlight the place for it on the sunny side of the site.
For sowing, it is necessary to use a variety-zoned in a particular region or, ideally, a variety of local selection. For Siberia, the Urals and the Far East, only cold-resistant early historical hybrids will suit. In the suburbs you can grow middle-weighted varieties and even getting your own seeds for sowing next year. You can also experiment with unusual varieties that are considered decorative.
A group of cold-resistant and early hybrids and varieties of sugar corn: Gourmet 121, Golden Fleece, Spirit and Dobrynya. In the middle lane of Russia, you can grow varieties and hybrids with an average maturation period (80-90 days): early gold 401 and Sandens. The grade of ice nectar at the later maturation under the conditions of the Moscow region gives a good harvest of sweet cobs of dairy ripeness, and the receipt of seeds is quite possible in favorable years.
Vegetable corn care has some features. Despite the fact that it is a drought-resistant species, during a long drought and during the flowering period and the formation of a crop, it needs abundant irrigation with the subsequent loosening of rods.
Vegetable species are prone to the formation of numerous steps, which take themselves some of the nutrients and do not give the plant to form full-fledged cobs. Therefore, it is recommended to remove all lateral branches, leaving only 2-4 main customs.
For the season, corn must be twice and spend 2-3 feeding. The first feeder is carried out at the beginning of active growth with organic fertilizer (infusion of a cowboy or bird litter), during the flowering period, the plants are fed by mineral fertilizers. If, after planting seedlings or the appearance of germs, there is a threat of cooling, then the extra-corner feeding of phosphorus will reduce stress and will not give plants to dwell.
Corn is not necessary to plant on vegetable beds, it can be placed in a recreation area. It will be an exotic design element and takes only a few square meters.
Many gardeners try to plant on their summer cottage. This is the most ancient bread plant, so its delicious and helpful cobs like not only adults, but also to children. However, not everyone can grow this southern and thermo-loving culture. However, when complying with the main agrotechnical techniques, a decent corn harvest you can still get.
Note! Then it will be about the rules of sowing and growing precisely sugar corn, not feed.
With all the fact that corn is an unpretentious culture, one watering will not be able to do without it, although the future harvest is largely dependent on it.
Most gardeners have an erroneous opinion that the plant can be grown purely in the southern regions of the country, but it is not. In the regions with a short summer Corn is also growing with success, although, as a rule, in such cases originally sits at seedlings. This is due to the fact that when sowing seeds immediately in the soil, culture often simply does not have time during the season (due to short summer) to achieve technical ripeness.
In general, when cultivating corn in the country, the following highlights must be taken into account:
Corn is a heat and light-affiliated plant, so it is not recommended to rush with its planting in the spring.
With a seaside process of cultivation, sowing seeds of corn at home is made 4 weeks before disembarking into open ground, while 1 week is given to the appearance of germs.
Sowing should be carried out only when the soil warms up to a temperature of + 10-12 degrees (and even better + 13-14 degrees) and the threat of returned spring frosts.
Important! Do not hear corn into not breathing the soil, as shoots appear very slowly and cheaply, the seeds are hurt by a wiretop, mold and lose their germination.
By the way! In phase 2-3 of the present leaves of corn
It can withstand freezing to -2 degrees, however, at -4 degrees dies die.
Of course, depending on the climatic features of your region of residence and current weather conditions, the timing of planting corn to open soil and can vary on seedlings, but approximate dates can still be called:
There is no point in planting corn to seedlings in the southern regions.
So, Corn seedlings can be seated in the second half of April.
Many gardeners believe that planting corn should be carried out through the lunar calendar.
Favorable days in the lunar calendar, when it is necessary to sow corn to seedlings or in open soil in 2020, the following dates are:
An unfavorable days for sowing corn in 2020, the following dates are considered (the days of the full moon and new moon, as well as the period when the moon is in aquare, because it is a preventive and dry sign - allocated in italics):
According to the lunar calendar, from the "1000 Soviets of the Soviet".
So that the plant actively goes into growth, you need to spend several preparatory procedures in advance. This will help in the future to achieve the desired harvest.
The place of landing of corn should be chosen well lit.
Corn is very demanding to the light, and if you put it in the shade, it is formed noticeably less than leaves and cobs, and their quality will noticeably decrease.
It is very important to take into account the fact that corn does not like wet (flooded) sites and close groundwater.
And since it is very heat-loving plant, Ideally will put it on high (warm) beds.
Corn is not very demanding of predecessors.
Most suitable predecessors For planting corn are the following cultures: cereals, legumes (in short,), Bakhchy (pumpkin, watermelons, cucumbers), vegetable (tomatoes, cabbage) and potatoes.
The worst predecessorsAfter which it is undesirable to plant corn, the corn itself (especially feed) and millet.
Observe the rules of the crop rotation should be in order to prevent the spread of common pests and diseases.
Often, gardeners prefer to grow corn at the cottage together with other cultures, so to speak, using it as a support and protection against drafts and cold northern winds.
So, ideal neighbors For corn are cucumbers, which will be better fruit thanks to the scattered light, which will provide long and narrow leaves of corn.
Video: Joint planting of cucumbers and corn
Also, there are also bean cultures and the same pumpkin (wide leaves will protect the roots of culture from overheating and will not let we grow by weeds).
Corn is not very (moderately) demanding soils, so it will simply grow to grow on light fertile soils.
By the way! The plant will be able to grow on weakly acidic soil, but not lower than 5 pH, otherwise it will begin to hurt much.
The preparation of the site (bedding under the planting of corn) is to pay it to the shone of shovels from autumn and / or spring, a month before the presumptive procedure.
In the fall, it is advisable to plow (swing) a plot on the bayonet shovel (approximately 25-30 cm), and in the spring again, but only exploding on 1/2 bayonet shovels (somewhere 12-15 cm).
If you did not prepare a bed at all in the fall, then you can make a complete complex mineral fertilizer - nitroammofosk (again, 30-40 grams per 1 sq. M).
If you are a supporter of organic agriculture (and not only), then as you can make 5-8 kg of humidiation or compost per square meter in autumn (or spring). m. Grokery (depending on the degree of fertility or exhaustion of your soil), potash - (100-200 grams per 1 sq. M), - bone flour.
And 3-7 days before landing very well disinfection Soil, shedding it with a solution or pharmacy (both biological means).
At about the same time (per week), so that the soil warmed up faster it can be hold the film or white nonwoven underfloor material. As an option immediately make a temporary greenhouse on arcs.
In order to properly put corn into open ground, it is worth sticking to simple recommendations for pre-sowing preparation and seed processing.
Looking out corn seeds in a dry or germinated form, each garden decides itself, but initially it is necessary to at least take the selection of planting material on external signs, eliminating any damaged and deformed copies.
The better than this stage will be held, the higher the percentage of germination in the end.
Conducting corn seed processing in front of the landing as follows:
And you can also germinate on hot sawdust.
Tip! Even if you do not want to germinate the seeds of corn, at least spend their disinfection.
Step-by-step instruction landing corn seeds in open soil looks like this:
At the same time, in one hole, it is better to put a 3-4 grain for the safety net for 3-4, to subsequently remove weaker shoots.
As for the landing scheme, the corn is grown by a broad way to several rows or rows (at least 2, and better in 3-4), while the distance between plants in the string (row) is 20-30 cm, and in the aisle - 50 -70 cm.
Important! It is impossible to plant corn alone or 3-4 bushes in one row, otherwise it will be badly pollinated and there will be many empty cobs. The fact is that corn is pollinated by the wind, so it is necessary to sow thick and in several rows.
However, it is impossible to excessively sealing corn crops, since the yield will noticeably decrease with the lack of food and sunlight.
Video: Planting corn into outdoor ground
Step-by-step instruction landingcorn at seedlings:
Shed in separate cells or cups.
Soils can be prepared from peat, humus and sand either take a universal substrate for growing vegetable seedlings, and then definitely displaced, for example, a shed with a solution.
Further care for seedycorn at home or in greenhouse:
Video: Cultivation of sweet corn through seedlings
Disembarking Corn seedlings in open primer:
Tip! It is very desirable to initially plant corn for temporary film shelters (greenhouses) on arcs. In this case, you can use both a transparent film and white agrofiber.
By the way! In principle, it is possible to plant seedlings on white agrofiber, making crushing cuts in it.
Note! At the initial stage, corn is developing in a slow-down pace, so it is necessary to take into account and show patience.
The minimum germination temperature of seeds + 10-12 ° C (at such temperatures, shoots appear in 2-3 weeks).
The rapid growth of seedlings occurs in the phase of the formation of the first real leaves. Then the period of growth slowdown occurs again, since all the forces of the plant are sent to the formation and maturation of the cobs.
Taking into account these features of the development of culture, it is necessary to ensure full-fledged care throughout the season.
By the way! If you have already been Problems with pollination of cornhow often and close you did not plant it, then you can try to do it manually, namely shake (shake) plants In quiet weather, in the morning, in the period of flowering.
At the initial stage of the development of corn, constant loosening of the soil and regular removal of weeds are necessary.
Then, when corn grows up to 30-50 cm in height, it should be emphasized for stability from wind and shower and most importantly - the formation of additional surface roots.
Interesting! With the industrial cultivation of corn to destroy weeds, destroy the crust and keep moisture, no later than 3-5 days (as well as in phase 3-4 of these leaves) before the appearance of shoots on sowing corn are harrowing. it's the same Enhances air access to the root system and contributes to the emergence of more friendly shoots.
If you want to get an earlier harvest (accelerate the ripening of the cobs on the main stem), then you can try to remove side shoots (stepsing) at the base of the main stem.
VIDEO: What to do with couplings in corn
Despite the fact that corn is considered a drought-resistant culture (feed - yes, but sugar is to a lesser extent), in certain periods of development, it extremely needs abundant and timely irrigation.
So, the corn requires a different amount of moisture during certain periods of vegetation:
Thus, the amount and quality of the crop are directly dependent on the good irrigation during the formation period and the amount of grain.
For full growth and the formation of corn cobs, the entire complex of macro- and microelements is needed.
The maximum need of corn in nitrogen, then the phosphorus goes, then potassium,
The first time applying fertilizers is carried out when 2-4 of these leaves appear. During this period, the plant requires a lot nitrogenFor example, organic substances can be used - a cowboat or chicken litter solution, or a mineral - ammonium nitrate or urea.
Since nitrogen tends to lean out of the soil, you should perform at least 2 feeding in the period before flowering.
And when plants enter the flowering phase, they will need potassium and phosphorus in maximum quantities. Therefore, shortly before that moment (in 1-2 weeks), maize corn and sulfate potassium or bone flour and.
It is worth knowing! As mentioned earlier, besides macroelements, corn also requires trace elements (in order of needed): calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum. And for example, you should purchase at least humate +7.
Video: Basic rules for landing and corn care, watering and feeding
Like all cultures, corn is subject to many pests and damage. Therefore, it is worth familiar with its most common problems in order to respond in time and take the necessary measures (use of fungicides and insecticides).
Corn Diseases:
To combat diseases, it is quite effective to use biological agents of type tripides or similar (for example, Triphoderma Veride and TD).
Corn pests:
When, it is precisely carrying out the harvest of corn, each garden solves independently, as it depends on the ultimate goal of growing this culture.
Note! It is impossible to collect the cobs all at once: their collection is recommended to start on top, but only then disrupt those that are below.
Interesting! If the plant is grown by grain (i.e., on an industrial scale), which should be subsequently stored for a long time, then harvesting corn must be carried out no earlier than the com biological maturity of the cheating. The sign is the darkening of the tips of the pan.
Place a corn (in grain form) stands in a dry, well ventilated room. And necessarily so as to protect the harvest from rodents.
Video: Corn Storage Aspects
Corn is an unpretentious plant, which even with minimal investments provides maximum return. To get a plentiful harvest and high-quality delicious fruits, you need to choose the planting material of good quality, comply with the rules and recommendations of planting corn, culture care in the open soil.
Grassy annual - corn or maize - refers to grain cultures, but is considered to be a cereal. The birthplace of the plant is the area of \u200b\u200bmodern Mexico and Peru, it fell into Russia only in the XVIII century during the Russian-Turkish war. Initially, the culture was grown in the southern regions of the Russian Empire.
Unlike other cereals, corn has developed and multi-tiered root, and an overhead part. Depending on the grade, individual plants can reach 7 meters. Long leaves protect the inflorescence - the pillage and swelling. There are male flowers at a monocoa plant (one can determine the presence of stamens) and women's (there are only pestles).
The plant is so evident that in the wild, corn no longer grows.
Despite the fact that corn is considered to be southern, thermal-loving culture, it is grown in northern latitudes (seeding method), because the ripening of seeds begins with +10 degrees. At the same time, shoots can even calmly transfer short frosts.
The vegetation process of Mais takes 3 to 5 months. During this time, the plant forms 1-2 pillage, the average weight of which reaches 500 g, length - 40-45 cm.
Unpretentious culture and lighting - For stable growth, she is enough for a light day - 12-14 hours. Prettyly it is worth approaching only to the choice of soil: it should be rather fertile and loose.
Optimal for the cereal is considered: loamy or sampling soil with weak or neutral acidity (from 5.5 to 7 pH). It is important for a good drainage so that water is not stuffed when watering, and the soil waters were not suitable for the surface of the soil.
If the ground is in the right area, then it can be enriched with fertilizers. The basic principles of improving the fertility of the soil, depending on the period of preparation for the landing of the cereal, are collected in the table.
The plant needs to protect against the cold wind, Therefore, it is better to plant it under the protection of large trees or near the buildings.
Sprouted seeds or seeds in dry form are planted into the ground But this is preceded by a preliminary stage of the preparation of the planting material.
Before germination, the seeds are first selected, the whole and large are selected. They are sorted by linen or canvas bags and leave to warm up in the sun for 3-4 days.
After that experienced gardeners the planting material is disinfected for half an hour in potassium permanganate solution or formalin, Then washed and dried on dense fabric or paper.
It is possible to plant seeds after this step, but to increase the germination and yield, having grown seeds, more efficiently. To do this, the container is placed in a few layers, wet it to a wet state, and then seeds placed on the surface. They will need an average of 7 days to germinate.
As soon as the first sprouts appeared, the seeds plant in open ground, It is advisable to do it in the early morning.
Misa sowing is carried out in two ways: seeds and seedlings. The first method is suitable for southern regions with a hot wet summer, and seedlings are worth using gardeners gardens in moderate latitudes.
High germination can be achieved by planting germinated seeds into the sun heated by the sun. Therefore, the optimal term for landing is the end of May, when the temperature day reaches +20 degrees.
Cultivation is relevant for the northern regions or to get an early harvest (for 2-3 weeks earlier than when disembarking seeds). To get seedlings, germinated seeds are planted in peat cups or small capacities, From where the seedlings will be easy to extract.
The soil for seedlings is best suited for loose, weakly acidic, well-drained and fertile. It is suitable for both ready-made soil substrates from the store and homemade soil from a mixture of leaf land, peat and drainage in the form of sand.
Before immersion of the separated planting material, the soil is abundantly moisturized. 2 seeds are placed in each tank for reliability. In the open ground, seedlings are planted together with a lore of the earth after 3-4 sheets appear. The landing depth is small - 5-6 cm, then the soil should be abundantly pouring.
The volume of the crop largely depends on the scheme of planting corn, which 4:
The easiest and most reliable method is in two rows with a distance of 0.5 m for cross-pollination. At the same time, the distance between the plants should not exceed 35 cm. When choosing a method, it is worth considering that adult plants may suffer from a lack of air circulation with such a dense landing.
When landing in one row, the pits can be located closer - up to 30 cm from each other. The depth of planting seeds in a row is only 10 cm, while 2 seeds are put at once for the guarantee of shoots to each well. Otherwise, landing will look neakkurat, with big gaps. The pits fall asleep with damp soil, and the dry mulch is covered on top.
Square-nest Tight fit is great for the convenience of inter-row processing, timely loosening and thinning of crops. The seeds of corn at the same time are planted with two three parallel lines, with a distance between rows of 70 cm and between plants of 35 cm.
Conveyor method Planting enjoyed for continuous harvest during the season. For this, the seeds of different maturation terms are planted into the ground one by one variety every 15 days.
Watering corn is necessary, but abundant: Water should flush by an earthen car under a 15 cm increment plant. Most of all in moisturgen, the culture needs the period of bookmarking and ripening young cobs.
Moisture drops The plant transfers badly This eventually reflects on the quality of grain. For maize, the soil loan is important to the depth of no more than 5 cm and a frequent ass.
Also worth performing - It is important for surface roots, to the formation of which is prone corn. Throwing up the ground to the trunk, the gardener helps the plant not to fold under the influence of a strong wind or under the weight of their own fruits.
An organic order is considered the best feeder for culture: a cowber or chicken chicken in the water in a ratio of 1 to 10 and 1 to 20, respectively. They are brought 1 month after the appearance of the first sprouts.
If it does not make organic fertilizers in time, then in the formation of 4-5 sheets you can feed the plant with ammonium nither.
On time, fertilizers will provide a high yield of culture along with a large size of fruits.
Main minerals for feeding:
The lack of some element is reflected in the state of the leaves: They pale with a lack of nitrogen, become brown and deformed with potassium deficiency and acquire purple color without sufficient phosphorus.
After the formation of the 8th leaf of corn, it begins to grow actively, adding every day to 10 cm in height. At the same time, side shoots are beginning to appear - steppes. They need to cut off with a sharp blade or a knife so that the plant gives major fruits. If this is not done, then small inflorescences are formed in the sinuses.
Corn landing yield can be increased using artificial pollination technologies. For this event, you choose quiet weak weather.
Technology is simple: Pollen from mellowok shake into the tied cobs or a soft brush alternately spend on female and male flowers.
The harvest time depends on the planting method (seeds or seedlings) and the time of ripening of a particular variety (early, medium, late). As a rule, this is the end of August - the beginning of September. Corn cobs are considered ripe when:
Ripened
Optimal storage conditions for fruits - Low temperature (from 0 to +2 degrees), at which the cobs may not deterulate up to 3-4 weeks. If you keep fruit in warm conditions, they will quickly disappear.
When harvesting, you can choose and planting the following year. As a rule, seed varieties are imprisoned separately from others to prevent cross-pollination. It is not necessary to expect a non-milk maturity of the patch, and the wax, in which the seeds acquire a bright yellow shade and a little frowned.
The cobs are cut and leave for a ripening for 2 weeks, then carefully separate seeds that are stored without loss of germination up to 4-5 years.
The plant is well adjacent to other cultures, while the best neighbors for maize will be beans: peas, beans, as well as zucchini, sunflower, pumpkins, melons or potatoes. For these plants, Mais serves and natural shelter, and support. Good precursors for cereals will be buckwheat, muggy and legumes.
Corn and beans seeds can even land in one hole, And then shoots do not cut forward. Such a mutually beneficial neighborhood is based on the fact that Mais receives nitrogen from the soil, which produces beans. She, in turn, stem corn uses as a support for growth.
The same successful symbiosis of Mais with cucumbers and pumpkin, Which corn protects from strong winds and does not give their fruits lying on Earth. At the same time, it is impossible to allow plant partners to overtake the GRAK, creating unnecessary shading. Do not recommend landing together corn and tomatoes.
The optimal landing after corn is legumes, coarse, carrots, long-term greens or winter grain, leaf vegetables.
The plant, although not demanding about care, but susceptible to diseases, so the planting of corn must be regularly inspecting.
The most dangerous diseases:
Insect pests are applied harm to culture. The fight against them is carried out with the help of drugs Datzis, Karate Zeon, Danadim, Deltametrin.
Danger represent:
To prevent the emergence of diseases and insects, it is necessary to respect the prevention measures:
There are only 8 species of cereal culture, and only 5 of them have production significance:
Sugar. Received the widespread and more often used in selection due to the dairy and sweet taste of the cob. Eating mostly young grains
Starchy. It is characterized by a high starch content and also called a flour or soft. It is used for the production of molasses and corn flour, well gives to processing. Major large, white or red
Dental. In the cobs, major rich-yellow grains. It is distinguished by resistance to diseases and high yields. Used as feed and industrial raw materials, but also in food is also used
Indian. Another name is silicon. The raven, starchy look, of which corn flakes and croup are produced. The characteristic feature is a broken grade, which are white, light yellow color and even practically black
Bladder. Used mainly in the food industry for the production of popcorn
Wax. Least valuable look. It has poor resistance to adverse effects and gives small yields. White and yellow, covered with wax film
Another 2 species (film and ostrive) food or industrial value are not carried.
Sustainable yields are the greatest interest for gardeners: Gourmet, juicy, spirit, Dobrynya, Hopi, early Golden Sandrence.
Sweet varieties acquired great popularity:
For eating and home popcorn advise to grow the same variety of Mais - Popcorn. In the grains of this species, the content of fat and starch was increased, the seeds have a property explode at high temperatures.
Depending on the weather and climatic conditions of growth, various varieties with different indicators of stability and germination are chosen for each specific region.
So, in Siberia with a rigid continental climate, the cultivation of maize varieties will be successful: Spirit, Farmers, Gourmet 121, epic, jubili. These varieties are resistant to carry out sharp changes for weather and cold wind, and also ripen faster.
For the suburbs, it is better to select the varieties of early ripening, which is better to disembark. Weighted selection will be varieties: Landca Belogoria, Triple joy, Anaba, Spirit.
In the middle lane of Russia and in the Urals, a good harvest can be collected by landing the plant of varieties: Pioneer of the North, White Night and Tiraspolskaya-33.
In the Leningrad region, the temperature above +10 degrees is less likely than it is necessary for the full maturation of the maize, so the cobs in this region need to be removed in a state of milk ripeness. The best choice will be the rapid varieties: a white night, an early pearl, firstborn, early sugar.
For cultivation in Turkmenistan, special zoned varieties were derived: Annau-62 and Patagt.
Corn hybrids derived for Ukraine are distinguished by a high yield potential (on average 15 t / ha) and resistant to negative impacts of the external environment. This is: Dniprovsky, Khmelnitsky, Baturin, Synevir, Dnipro, Qitness, Solonyansky, Orzhitsa.
