Hello, dear readers and guests of the site "Electrician Notes".
When carrying out electrical mounting work, very often the question of the color marking of the wires is raised.
This earlier, so to speak in the "stagnant" time, the wires of only white color were used, less often black.
Therefore, to determine in the electrical assembly phase or zero, it took quite a lot of time. I had to resort to help and.
To avoid this, you need to give the color marking of the wires and tires to the Unified Standard.
And as always refer to regulatory documents, namely, chapter 1, paragraph 1.1.29. and paragraph 1.1.30. It clearly states that the identification of wires and tires in colors or digital designations must be used, according to GOST R 50462-92.
And what is said in this guest?!
According to GOST R 50462-92, Claim 3.1.1, the following colors can be applied to identify conductors and tires: black, brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, gray, white, pink, turquoise.
According to PUE, p.1.1.29:
I will give a few photos for example. All zero working conductors (N) are connected to the bus (N) and have a blue color. All zero protective conductors (re) are connected to the tire (re) and have yellow-green.
And all other colors, in addition to the blue (blue) and yellow-green, can be used as phase conductors.
The photos below shows that the phase conductors are white.
According to PUE, Claim 1.1.30, with a variable three-phase current of the Tiber Phase A, should have a yellow color, the phases in the green color, the phase C is red. It is easy to remember easily and simply in the form of a reduction of "ZhZK", i.e. Yellow, green, red.
For clarity, I will give a few examples.
Two measuring transformer NOM-10 (KV).
The exhaust feeder of the distribution substation voltage 500 (B).
As you can see, on the examples, the color marking of tires with a variable three-phase current is fully respected.
By the way, it is not necessary that the tires are completely painted in this or that color. It is enough to make a color marking (in the form of paint, stickers, heat shrink tubes, tags, etc.) in the connecting places of the tires to the switching devices.
According to PUE, Claim 1.1.30, with a variable single-phase current of the phase bus B, attached to the end of the power supply of the power supply, should have a red color, and the phase tire A, attached to the beginning of the power supply, should have a yellow color.
Unfortunately, visual examples I have no such electrical installations. Maybe someone has photos, I will be very grateful if you share.
By the way, if the single-phase current bus is a branch from the three-phase current system, then they are indicated, according to the requirements of the color marking of the three-phase system.
According to Pue, Claim 1.1.30, with a constant current, the positive bus ("plus") must have a red color, a negative tire ("minus") - blue color and zero working ("M") - blue color.
As an example, I will give a DC shield (SHRT) \u003d 220 (B).
And these are the conclusions directly with the battery.
By the way, with SC-5 lead-acid batteries, we smoothly go to the free VARTA batteries.
From 01/01/2011 canceled, indicated at the beginning of the article GOST R 50462-92. Instead, GOST R 50462-2009 entered into force, in which some items contradict the previous GOST. For example, clause 5.2.3 states that the following colors are preferred for phase conductors:
For clarity, I post a photo of a distribution panel of one of the banks, on which we produced the electrical installation. 
In my opinion, the previously adopted marking "ZhRK" is more visual.
In a single-phase network for the phase conductor, the preferred color is brown. Accordingly, that if a single-phase network is a branch from a three-phase, the color of the phase conductor must correspond to the color of the three-phase network phase conductor.
Also introduced a ban on yellow and green colorsapplied separately (clause 5.2.1). They should be used only in a combination of yellow-green color for protective conductors of re. In this regard, the marking of the three-phase network "ZhZK" was changed, because Yellow and green colors were used in it separately.
DC DC circuit marking was also changed (clause 5.2.4):
Attention!!! I want to warn you that you do not need to run and change the existing labeling. After all, when objects were introduced, there was still old GOST R 50462-92. But when commissioning already new electrical installations, GOST 50462-2009 should not be neglected.
If for some reason it is not possible to launch wire marking and tires according to the above requirements, you can use any colors. But it is necessary to ends on the ends, stickers, dress the Camamliki or heat shrink tubes of the corresponding color, for example, like this:
And already traditionally, see the video based on this article:
P.S. Dear colleagues, I ask you when performing electrical work, comply with the requirements for the color labeling of wires and tires. Let's respect each other.
If it is incorrect to connect contacts with each other by colors, then this may cause adverse effects such as human damage to electric current and.
The main purpose of the color labeling is to create safe conditions for electrical work, as well as reducing the search time and connecting contacts. Today, according to PUE and existing European standards, each veins has its own isolation color. About what color wire phase, zero, earth, we will talk further!
According to Pue, the isolation of "land" should be painted in the yellow-green shade. We draw your attention to the fact that the manufacturer also applies to the land wire of yellow-green stripes in the transverse and longitudinal direction. In some cases, the shell can be pure yellow or pure green. On the electrical scheme Grounding is made to denote Latin literals "PE". Very often, "land" is called zero protection, it is not necessary to be confused with zero working (zero)!
Appearance Graphic image in the diagram
In a three-phase and single-phase power supply, the color of zero should be blue either blue. On the electrical circuit "0", it is customary to be denoted by the Latin leafer "N". Zero is also called neutral or zero working contact!
Standard color indication neutral on the electrical system
The labeling of the phase wire (L) by the manufacturer can be carried out in one of these color solutions:
Most often, the color of the phase wire is brown, black and white.
Wrap Cleaver Electric Scheme
Color marking of wires in the electrician has many features and often beginners face such questions as:
We now briefly give a simple explanation now!
TN-C outdated to date, TN-C suggests the use of neutral and grounding. The advantage of such a system is the ease of electrical work. The disadvantage is the threat of electric shock with either the apartment.
The color of the combined wire is yellow-green (like PE), but at the same time insulation has a blue color, characteristic neutral. On the electrical circuit, the combined contact is indicated by three Latin literals - "PEN".
Note "Pen" on the electrical
So, you encountered such a situation: during the repair of household power grid, it turned out that all conductors of the same color. How in this case, find out which wire what does it mean?
If a single-phase network is represented without "land" (2 veins), then all you need is a special indicator screwdriver. With it, it is possible to easily determine where 0, and where is the phase. About, we told. To begin with, turn off the supply of electricity on the shield. Next, we clean the two conductors and wept from each other. After that, we turn on the supply of electricity and neatly using the indicator define phase / zero. If, when contacting a residential light, it caught fire - this is a phase, respectively, the second lived is zero.
In the event that the wiring has a grounding wire, it is necessary to use such equipment as a multimeter. This device He has two tentacles. First, you need to set the range of alternating current measurement range over 220 volts. Next, one tentacle is fixed on phase contact, and with the help of a second tentacle, we determine zero / grounding. When contacting with 0 at the multimeter, the voltage value is displayed within 220 volts. If you touch "Earth" - voltage will definitely be slightly lower. More accuracy was provided in the relevant article with which we recommend reading!
There is another method of definition. If there is no multimeter and indicator screwdriver at hand, then you can try to determine which color L and N wires on their insulation. In this case, it must be remembered that the blue shell is always zero. In any non-standard labeling, the color of the zero does not change. The remaining two veins will be slightly difficult to determine.
First option of associations. You see the remaining color and black or white contact. In the good old days, the Earth was denoted by black or white insulation. It is quite reasonable to assume that it is it that remaining color - phase (L).
Second option. Zero, again, we immediately fold down, remains red and black / white wire. If the insulation is white, then according to PUE is a phase. So, the remaining red is the earth.
We draw your attention to the fact that this method is extremely dangerous. If you decide to use them, be sure to mark for yourself, so that during or outlet do not get a blow to electric shock!
I would also like to celebrate very an important nuance — in DC circuits The color marking of the plus and minus is represented by black (-) and red (+) isolation color. As for the three-phase network (for example, on transformers), there all three phases have their own individual color: phase A is yellow, B is green, C - red. Zero, as usual, blue, and grounding is yellow-green. In the 380 cable in the wire A - white, B - black, C - red. Zero working and protective conductors do not differ from the previous variant of color marking.
In the event that there is no visual designation or differs from the standard, it is recommended to specify all the elements after repair work. To do this, you can use a color isolate or a special product - a heat shrinking tube, called the Cambrick. According to the requirements of Pue, GOST and generally accepted recommendations, the guide should be carried out at the ends of the conductor - in the places of its connection with the tire (as shown in the photo).
Small color marks will make it easier to repair and maintain both you and an electrician that will possibly repair a home power grid after you! About Tom, we told in a separate article.
The notation of isolation with each decade is slightly modified, so this information is possible for you.
Until the 2000th, the following color marking of wires was applied:
A few years after this standard, a significant change was made: PE "repainted" into yellow-green color (as now).
Thus, products began to look like this:
If for any reason you are confused between the contacts, we provide for your attention a detailed decoding of marking of wires and cables in colors, which today corresponds to European and domestic standards:
To facilitate the work of electrical installations, the release of insulation of cable products is subordinated to certain color marking standards. When connecting a stranded cable over the color of the polymer shell, you can identify the core and understand which contact it should be switched.
Different colors of wires in the electrician installed by the GOST positions help speed up the installation process and provide electrical safety. Agree, the understanding of the color labeling is useful to each home master.
We propose to understand the designations of wiring, learn the GOST standards and learn to read the record codes of the wires in the schemes. In addition, we will tell how to check the conformity of the connected core of it, using the indicator screwdriver or multimeter.
The main document on which is to rely on production or is GOST 31947-2012. Prior to its appearance, uniformity and order in the field of color designation wiring was not.
Until now, in old houses you can meet the wires in the same shell, which is not determined by the color of which is connected - "Phase", "Zero" or "Earth".
Now Identify the veins have become much easier. Even without applying the tester, you can determine to which contact should be connected by one vein - in the color of polymer isolation
In the above designated document, GOST states that the insulation of cable products should differ in color. A certain shade should cover the wire with a solid layer - from the beginning to the end. It is impossible for one wire at the beginning of the bay in the blue, and the end is white; Also forbidden intermittent painting.
When working with electricity, a large number of cables of different sizes and colors are used. To always pick up the right product, there is marking wires in colors. Thus, individual cables are always designated in the same color for convenient use. For example, the color of the ground wire is always made in green-yellow isolation, and the color of the phase is green. This allows you to determine the purpose of the wire without tests and do if necessary with a different branch.
In the event that there are several phases and zero wires in the network, they are marked with flowers according to the zero of the rules for working with electricity. Usually it is coloring, close to the main color, but depending on the network they may differ.
A variable electric current voltage 220 V or 380 V is dangerous for a person. Careless touch to bare wires or metal parts of electrical equipment that can be under voltage is fraught with heavy burn or mortal injury!
For this, PUE gives an answer not only to questions: what color is the ground wire, or what is ren, but why it is necessary.
To provide safe work In the current electrical installations up to 1 kV, five ground systems are used: TN-C, TN-S, TN-S-S, TT, IT with different ways Grounding, reassembling and separating networks.
Thus, the color of the wires of the phase and zero, L and N in the electrician will help to clearly define the applicable security system in this electrical network.
Before taking a conversation about the marking, it is worth determining what is the difference between cable, wire and cord. Various types of cables can be used not only on the surface, but also under the ground, and in water. This is possible because one or more isolated cores are protected by a special shell, which can be made of different materialscapable of withstanding aggressive environmental conditions.
As for electrical wires, they also have twisted or isolated wires or veins. They are covered with a protective non-metallic shell or winding that does not imply their gasket in the ground.
The cord is called the wire in which there are flexible and insulated veins. With this type of cable products, a network is connected to a network of various household devices, devices that are moving or often moved from place to place.
Specific colors in the electrics are not chosen. Color wiring is necessary for safe conducting electrical work to avoid short circuit and electric shock. Previously, the color of the conductors was black or white, as a result of electricians, it brought great inconvenience.
In compliance, it was necessary to supply power to the conductors, after which the control was determined by zero and phase. The use of colors got rid of all these flour, because everything became very clear.
Color marking is almost always applied along the entire length of the conductor. It helps to set the purpose of each conductor to a specific group to facilitate their switching. There are three types of wires in an electrician: phase, zero and grounding.
To ensure clarity, simplicity and facilitate recognition of individual parts of the electrical network according to claim 1.1.30 Pue, all electrical installations must have alphanumeric and color designation. Moreover, the presence of one of these designations does not remove the need for the other.
Marking of collar wires is the most visual and allows you to quickly decide on the assignment of any wire. Such marking can be carried out by selecting wires with the appropriate color of insulation lived, by applying paints to the tires or by staining or applying a special color tape in the connection locations.
Moreover, the paint on the tires can not be applied along the entire length, but only in places of connection or at the ends of the tires.
Note! In a single-phase apartment network or at home, you often do not know which phase your phase wire is connected. In order to comply with GOST, you do not need to find out at all. It is enough to designate the phase conductor in any of the proposed colors. After all, for a single-phase lighting network absolutely not fundamentally to which phase is your conductor connected. The exception is only the lighting network, which uses two different phase conductor.
But color marking is not always convenient. In the shields, and the schemes are much more convenient. It should be applied in conjunction with color designation.
Paragraph 1.1.31 PUE normalizes not only the alphanumeric designation of conductors, but also their location. So for the three-phase network, with a vertical location of the tires, the phase "A" should be the top, and the "C" phase "C". And with the horizontal location of the conductors, the closest to you should be the "C" phase, and the most remote phase "A".
Color isolation of conductors today - an integral attribute for a successful and right mounting wiring. Such a solution is not a way to make wires beautiful and attractive to the consumer, it is a convenient color marking, standardized and regulated in the entire civilized world, which is without exaggeration, necessity.
Color marking of wires gives accurate designation to each conductor. The color of the insulation of the core determines its purpose in the group of several conductors and facilitates the switching process and installation.
Such a decision excludes possible mistakescapable of leading to a mortally dangerous electric shock or short circuit. The repair and maintenance of the power grid is also becoming more secure if the wires have accurate labeling.
The standard set forth in PUE strictly determines the color of the marking, and thanks to this standard it is possible to easily identify each conductor, each cable vein in the color group or by alphanumeric code.
As a rule, the entire conductor has a certain color, but allowed and marking only the ends of individual lived, at the dials of switching, where the use of colored tape or colored Cambriks is possible. Next, we will consider in more detail how it is that such marking for single-phase, three-phase current and direct current networks.
For DC chains, only two tires are characterized: positive and negative. Here, the positive wire (positive charge bus) is marked with red, and the negative wire (negative charge tire) is marked with blue, because the zero and phase wire here are fundamentally missing. The average wire (m) is marked with blue.
In the case when the DC network containing two conductors is created by branches from the three-wire DC circuit, the conductors are marked as well as the corresponding conductors of the original three-wire chain.
Electric AC networks are now paving now the stranded wire in isolation lived in different colors, it greatly facilitates the installation process. If one installer performs one installer, and in the future, the maintenance and repair of the network will carry out other people, they will not be forced to constantly identify the "phase" and "zero", they simply are ignited by color.
But in the old days it was a real problem, for isolation was used single-color - or white, or black. Now the standard has been developed, and in accordance with GOST R 50462 "Identification of conductors on flowers or digital notation", residential veins and cables have strictly regulated designations.The label function is to create the possibility of a quick and easy visual definition of the purpose of each specific conductor on any of its plot, this is one of the main requirements of the PUE. What coloring, according to GOST, should have conductors in the electrical installations of AC to voltage up to 1000 volts and with a deaf-free neutral, to which almost all belong residential buildings and administrative buildings?
Zero working conductor (N) has a blue label. For zero protective conductor (PE) - yellow-green labeling in the form of strips along or across the veins. This marking in the named combination of colors is relevant only for grounding conductors (for zero protective).
When a zero working conductor is made combined with zero protective (PEN), then along the entire length of the wire marking is made in blue, and in the places of attachments (at the ends of the conductor) - yellow-green stripes, or vice versa: yellow-green conductor with blue ends.
Phase wires, in accordance with the PUE standard, can be marked with one of these colors: red, black, purple, brown, gray, pink, orange, turquoise, or white. If a single-phase electrical circuit is obtained by branching from a three-phase network, the phase wire of the obtained single-phase chain must necessarily coincide with the color with the source wire of the three-phase network, which produced a branch.
The wires are marked so that the colors of phase wires in no way coincide with the color with a zero conductor. And if a non-marked cable is applied, then the color marks are made at the ends of the veins, in places of compounds, with the help of cembos of heat shrink or color tape. But to prevent unnecessary work on the manufacture of labels, it is quite initially to choose the color of the insulation, selecting the cable of sufficient length for its needs.
Sometimes the electrician in the work has to face with not very pleasant situations when the wiring has already been performed, and no connection in the shield, nor wires are marked, in this case a person has to spend time and, using a probe, identify the "phase", "zero", and "Grounding".
However, it should always be remembered that even if it is not possible to purchase a wire the desired colorYou can certainly use the wire of any color, but then it is necessary to mark the ends lived at least a color heat shrinking or color tape. And always remember that when laying wiring it is necessary to be careful and always follow safety.
ADPV 2x6-380 is a wire aluminum coated from PVC, flat, has a separator (about determination slightly lower), 2 veins with a cross section of 6 mm. It should be noted that the letter notation is used mainly for high-voltage options.
Color marking helps to determine the destination of the cable. It is used for telephone cords, household appliances (fan, camcorders), vehicles (VAZ and other) and so on. It is these data most important when installing cables or.
By the way, different manufacturers can be different kinds Designations. For example, a phase cable can be white, pink, yellow, orange, gray, red, so be careful when installing or removing cords. When the phase or outlet is connected, make sure that the colors of the cables are coincided.
In each household device A peculiar system of designations is used.
Be careful, black and red wires are also used to connect the cooling cooler for electrical equipment.
Buy Wires of the desired type (SIP, mounting, flexible and other) in specialized stores, where marking is also indicated in the certificate and passport of the product. The price depends on the type of cord.
Wiring inside the house is performed only by single-phase lines and copper wires. In electrical circuits used for household purposes, the working zero should always be blue! According to PUE, garbage lines must be laid with a grounding conductor. In all three-core conductors performed according to GOST suitable for internal work, Ground wire - yellow-green.
If a three-core conductor is a flexible PVS type, then the phase conductor is usually brown color. For domestic wiring it is better to use wires made of cast copper. If the veins are tagged with stripes, she lived with a strip of any color excluding blue and yellow green - phase.
If there is no yellow-green conductor in the cable, the conductor with a green strip is used as a grounding wire. Ground wire can be marked purely yellow. In cables whose veins are painted entirely, the white wire is phase.
Household electric stoves by 220 V connected to a special outlet, withstanding high power. Color there is a red, green, blue, where red - phase, green - ground, blue - zero conductor.
It is allowed when connecting to one phase network to combine the phase conductors on the electric stove under one pin clamp.
Neutral conductor is a wire attached to the middle (zero) point electrical system. In the standard connection scheme, this is a combined zero working and zero protective conductor in three phase chains. The color of the neutral wire is the whole blue with yellow-green at the ends or all yellow-green with blue at the ends.
Wiring marked color, letters and numbers is carried out. GOST until 2009, more widely interpreted the possibilities of marking wires. Starting in 2009, standards are reviewed towards a clearer classification of colors and exclude notes that allow you not to label conductions.
The National Standard 2009 refined terminology and supplemented with an alphanumeric classification. For electrical chains until 2009, a classic hand painting was used: yellow, green, red.
This combination does not imply a direction of rotation or a phasing.
From the junction box to the switch, a three-core or two vehicle wire is paved depending on which type of switch is set: a classic or. Phase is breaking, not a zero conductor. If there is a white conductor in stock, it will be powered. The main thing is to comply with the sequence and consistency in coloring with other electrical installations so that it does not work as in the Krylov Basna: "Swan, Cancer and Pike".
On the sockets, the protective conductor (yellow-green) is most often clamped in the middle part of the device. Observe the polarity, zero working - left, the phase is right.
But there are surprises from manufacturers, for example, one conductor is yellow-green, and two others may turn out to be black.
Perhaps the manufacturer decided with a shortage of one coloring, to put into the course of what is. Do not stop the production! Failures and mistakes are everywhere. If it was exactly the one where the phase, and where zero to solve you, just need to run with the control.
Very often, it is necessary to deal with such situations when you come to the object, open the shield, and there the connection is made incomprehensible as. There is no talk about matching the marking of wires with the rules in general. It is not clear how the phase is laid, and where zero and grounding.
You have to be familiar with the wiring of wires in the shield, distribution boxes etc. It all comes down to one lack of time, you have to spend time. How to be in this case? Do not make the connection in a new way.
Unfortunately, even today, some electricians during installation work enjoy outdated standards. Because of this, other specialists during the work related to the repair and maintenance of electrical networks have to look for the "phase" and "zero" with the help of a probe.
If there is no possibility to buy the guides of the desired color, cables are suitable for any color. The main thing is that the ends of the veins are correctly marked with heat shrink tubes or color tape.
In accordance with the rules, it is allowed to perform the color marking not along the entire length, but only in the connecting places to the tires, that is, at the ends of the cable. To do this, you can perform the designation of wires in color using the color tape or put on the ends of the cable with a heat shrink tube.
Of course, there is no need to change the existing marking of the conductors, the installation of which was carried out according to the old GOST. But today, when putting the electrical installations, only new rules should be used.
We remind you: laying work electric cable Require foreigners and care. Be careful!
Wires in electrical wiring have color marking, which allows the electrician to quickly find zero, phase and grounding. If these contacts are incorrect to be connected to each other, then a short circuit may occur, and in some cases the person affects the electrical current. Therefore, color marking of wires creates safe conditions for electrical work, and besides this, significantly reduces the search and contact connection time. Currently, according to the rules of the electrical installation device (PUE) and the necessary European standards, each wire is required to have its own definite color.
Specific colors in the electrics are not chosen. Color wiring is necessary for safe conducting electrical work to avoid short circuit and electric shock. Previously, the color of the conductors was black or whiteAs a result, electricians brought great inconveniences. In compliance, it was necessary to supply power to the conductors, after which the control was determined by zero and phase. The use of colors got rid of all these flour, because everything became very clear.
Color marking is almost always applied along the entire length of the conductor. It helps to set the purpose of each conductor to a specific group to facilitate their switching. There are three types of wires in an electrician: phase, zero and grounding.
According to PUE, ground wire It has the following colors:
It should be known that the manufacturers also apply a yellow-green strip in the longitudinal and transverse direction. On the electrical circuit, the grounding is denoted by Latin lists "PE". Quite often, the ground is called zero protection, and it is impossible to be confused with zero workers.
In single-phase and three-phase power grid wire zero is usually denoted by blue or blue-white Color. On the electrical circuit, Zero is indicated by the Latin Literary "N". Zero is also called neutral or zero working contact.
The marking of the phase wire (L) is presented in the following color solutions:
But most often the phase conductor has brown, White and Black Color.
The zero from grounding is characterized by the fact that it takes an electric current during it during the connection of the load, and the "land" is used to protect against damage to the current, which does not flow through this conductor, and connect to the instrument enclosures.
Wires "Earth" and zero you can be distinguished by the following ways:
If the wiring has only 2 wires, it will always be a phase and zero.
If you need to install or replace the outlet, definition phase is completely optionalbecause it does not matter, from which side it is connected. It is completely different with the switch from the chandelier, because it must be supplied to it by the phase, and only zero to the lamps.
If the color of the wires of the valve phase is completely the same, then the conductors are determined using an indicator screwdriver, which has a handle made of transparent plastic, and the diode is installed inside. Before determining the conductors, the room or the house is de-energized, wiring at the ends are cleaned and bred to the sides, otherwise they may accidentally come into contact and a short circuit will occur.
Thereafter connect electricity, take a screwdriver for handle, and index and thumb are put on contact with the back side of the socket. Then it is necessary to touch the metal end of the screwdriver to the cereal wire and trace it for its reaction. If the bulb caught fire, it means that it is a phase, if not - zero. However, this screwdriver will not be able to determine the conductors if the third wire is present - grounding.
The use of color marking in the electrician very facilitated the life of people who, for various reasons, need to know which wires are under voltage. However, it is still worth being attentive when working with electricity, so that there are no sad consequences.
