Cabbage is grown in many countries of the world. It is used in the first, second dishes, snacks and blanks. Many buy it in the store, but a knowledgeable gardener knows that the cabbage grown with their own hands is much tastier and more useful.
Growing healthy seedlings cabbage is the main task Gardener who wants to get a rich harvest of this culture. Agrotechnical cultivation of any kinds of cabbage is similar and, subject to uncomplicated cultivation recommendations, you can get a great harvest.
The main conditions of growing cabbage can be attributed to the seaside method: temperature, humidity and lighting. It is from them that the future harvest depends.
Cabbage does not like high temperatures, as well as very low. At high temperatures, the plants begin to root, and at low it stops their growth. Consistent temperature differences and drafts are detaching for plants.
Cabbage is considered a moisthed plant. It is necessary to water it regularly, not allowing soil drying. The overflow cannot be allowed, as it provokes the appearance of pests and a black leg. For moisturizing leaves, they can be wrapped from the sprayer.
With a lack of daylight, the cabbage seedlings is heated by phytolamma in the morning and evening hours.
The time of planting seedlings on the garden depends on the duration of the ripening of cabbage and varietal features. Seeding time, in turn depend on the time of plants transplantation in open sad. In the southern lane, seed seed cabbage is performed earlier than in the middle and northern stripes.
In order to grow strong seedlings, which will continue to give abundant and delicious yield, It is necessary to adhere to some of the subtleties in caring for the cabbage.
The success of the future crop directly depends on the good seedlings, and it turns out from high-quality seeds.
Seeds, as well as the soil require preliminary preparation.
Earth for seedlings can be purchased ready or cook at home. The second is better to prepare in advance, from autumn. It should dare so that the malicious bacteria and pests kill it. But if there is no such possibility, it can be prepared before sowing.
The soil for sowing should consist of part of the jar or leaf land, part of the overworked, parts of large sand and peat parts. The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed and spilled by a hot dark solution of manganese.
In her, a glass of wood ash and 30 grams of superphosphate, 15 grams of ammonia nitrate, 10 grams of potassium sulfate are added per 10 kilogram. If these fertilizers do not have 35 grams of nitroammofoski. The resulting soil is suitable for any kind of cabbage.
Before sowing, cabbage seeds must be prepared.
When purchasing subjected to the processing of seeds, they are soaked for 20 minutes in water, heated to 50 degrees, after which they can be sulking into the ground. Alone collected or seeds without processing require preliminary training.
First, the seeds are calibrated. Small and damaged are immediately removed. Selected seeds are disinfected in phytosporin solution, bastophyte or a strong heat transfer solution.
For better germination, the seeds are placed in a gauze pouch and on a day are soaked in a solution of sodium humate (5 grams per liter of water).
For sowing, the capacity is taken at a depth of 5 (if the plants are driving a box) or 10 centimeters (if they grow one by one). For this, containers, drawers or individual pots, cups, peat pills are suitable. Any containers at the bottom should have holes for the exit of excess water during watering.
The earth is poured into the tank, slightly compacted and spill on with warm water. It is done in 1-1.5 centimeters depth of 1-1.5 centimeters. The width between them should be 3-4 centimeters.
Seeds are sifted at a distance of 1-4 (depending on the variety) centimeters from each other and put on top of the thin layer of soil or sand, and irrigated with warm water from the spray.
To accelerate the germination of seeds and retain moisture, the container is covered with a film or glass. The temperature of the content of seed seeds should be 18-25 degrees. After 4 days, abundant shoots appear. After that, the shelter is cleaned. Weaker sprouts are removed if necessary.
In order for the seedlings not stretching, after germinating seeds, the capacity with plants should be removed into the cool, light place. The air temperature should be equal to 16-20 degrees Day and 8-15 at night. When 2 real leaves appear in the seedlings, the peat is sweeping into the aisle (if the dive is predicted).
When the seedlings turn on 10-14 days to dive. Plants are planted into separate cups, peat pots, cassettes with the same soil, which was used for sowing, deepen to the level of the cotyledon.
After picking, the seedlings need to create a temperature regime equal to 15-20 degrees. After rooting the plants, it decreases to 10-14 degrees.
Cabbage seedlings are made 3 times.
With a lack of light, phytolampa is installed next to the seedle.
Light day for cabbage should be 12-16 hours (depending on the type).
After the appearance of the seedlings of real leaves, it must be started hardening. Hardening consists in reducing the temperature of the content up to 5 degrees of heat. For this, plants are exhibited on the street (under a canopy), balcony. On the first day for 3 hours, then the duration increases daily for 2 hours.
It is necessary to water the seedlings. It is necessary for a warm, estimated water as the earth dries. A week before the falling down cabbage on the garden, watering stops.
When seedlings in height reaches 18-20 centimeters and will have 5-7 leaves can be processed to the transplant into the ground.
With the right approach, you can sell white, blocked, color, peking, Brussels, decorative cabbage, broccoli, and kolrabi. A decision allows you to grow plants in a shorter time, compared with sowing in open ground. In addition, in the cold regions, the second embodiment is difficult due to a short warm period and a seaside method is considered the only possible.
The first crop of cauliflower is going in mid-June. To obtain such a crop, you can land a variety: Snowball, Movir-74, Alpha, Express . Sowing seeds produced March 15-20.
The middle-timed varieties of Flora Blanca, white beauty is dried from the end of March to mid-April,
Latest varieties Regent, Cortes F1. Consista, Amerigo F1, autumn giant is evyed in the second half of April and early May. The harvest matures in August - September.
Cauliflower seedlings are more heat-loving in comparison with white and when it is cultivated, the air temperature in the room should be higher by 5-7 degrees. Optimal temperature For the growth of cauliflower is 20 degrees in the afternoon and at least 10 degrees at night.
For a large head, cauliflower feeds every 10 days.
If this fails, the crop turns out worse, and the size of inflorescences is less.
Good precursors for cabbage when choosing a plot for landing in the ground are bean, cucumbers and potatoes.
For the early varieties of broccoli, the period from the shooting of seeds before cutting the heads is 2-2.5 months, for medium-gray - 3 months. Broccoli can be attributed to the most popular rapid varieties of broccoli: tone, dwarf, curly head, monterey, vitamin, Viir, Macho F1 and FIPE F1.
The cold of the broccoli is not afraid and is often evisted by seeds on the bed in May - June. The cultivation of such cabbage sediate justifies itself upon receipt of an early harvest, especially in the northern regions.
Broccoli, like any other cabbage, does not like excessive heat and prefers the wet climate. It grows on any soils.
Before the appearance of shoots, the temperature in the room can be equal to 18-25 degrees. The temperature is then reduced to 14-16 degrees Day and 8-10 at night.
Light day for broccoli seedlings should be 15-16 hours.
Pication for this type of cabbage is not required. Seedlings are evinted in individual containers.
Plants at home are growing 5-6 weeks. The landing occurs in mid-May.
Early varieties of Beijing Cabbage (Orange Mandarin, Cha-Cha, Wessenka, Asten, Beijing Slavicizer, Sprinkin) Are ripening for 40-55 days from the moment of seeds, the middle-timed (glass, bilco, godgee, hydra F1) ripen in 55-60 days, Late (Russian size, Nick, Parkin and others) - in 80 days.
Features of growing this cabbage are compliance with temperature mode, good lighting and timely watering.
The optimal temperature for the cultivation of the Beijing cabbage is 13-20 degrees. With more high, it starts the arrow, it does not grow low.
Prication of seedlings is not conducted.
The best thing chinese cabbage grows, garlic, onions, carrots and
Early grades Franklin F1, Long Island, Rozella F1 ripen in 4 months. Mediterranean varieties - Diablo, Funny company, F1 pomegranate bracelet ripen for 5 months. Late varieties Sanda, boxer F1, Commander in six months.
The seedlings of Brussels Cabbage seedlings should be 16-18 degrees, at night - 5-6 degrees.
This cabbage is practically not affected by the disease, it can be watered with cold water.
Seedlings are peeling on separate containers at the stage of a single piece. Plants are planted on a garden in 45 - 60 days. It is necessary to plant this cabbage according to the scheme of 60 x 60 centimeters.
The agricultural engineering of white and red cabbage is the same. They are grown by a seaside, both at home and in greenhouses. Care of these types of cabbage is standard.
Early red varieties Early beauty, Drumond ripen in 4 months. The middle-timed grade stone head 447, avant-garde F1, calibos F1 - after 120-150 days. Mikhnevskaya grade matures in 4.5 months. Late varieties Langeyker Late, Mars, Marsa, after 5 months.
The Best Early Sortes of Kohlrabi are Piccant, Vienna White 1350, Athena (Maturation Duration 55-90 days), Associated Springs - Floy Planet F1, Vienna Blue, Alca (70-120 days), Ladies - Violetta, Gigant, Cosauk F1 and Hummingbird F1 (120-150 days).
Plants are grown by a seaside and reckless way. Cabbage withstands low temperatures and grows even at -2 degrees, which allows it to transplancing it into the soil even with possible freezers.
The transplant to the ground is produced 35 days after seeding.
When 2 real leaves appear, seedlings feels complex fertilizers. Repeated feeding is carried out 2 weeks before landing in the ground.
Diving of this cabbage is not required.
List grades reach a height of 110-120 centimeters, without forming sockets. Extracted openwork carved leaves hang down. Cochanic grades form colored outlets.
Self beautiful varieties: Peacock, Paints of the East, Tokyo, Snow Queen, Naked, Coral, Osaka, Relay, Lace Jabs.
Agrotechnika decorative cabbage Similar to white. It is grown by a seedler or immediately dried into the open ground. Early cabbage is evyed in early April.
Decorative cabbage cold-resistant and not afraid of frosts.
For planting cabbage from the autumn, a reworked humid, compost (1 bucket per square meter) is made on the garden bed. In the spring are introduced mineral fertilizers (30 grams of urea, 30 grams of superphosphate, a glass of wood ash per square meter).
Seedlings when disembarking should be 18-25 centimeters in height, have 5-7 developed leaves, elastic, strong stem and developed root system.
A week before transplanting, watering seedlings stopped. 2 hours before disembarking, the plants are abundant.
The distance between the plants when landing on the beds should be equal to 20-60 centimeters (depending on the type of cabbage), between the rows - 50-60 centimeters.
The depth of the landing should be slightly larger than the root system with an earthen room. Plants are transplanted with an earthen room. If they grow in peat pots, their transplant is carried out directly in them.
Plants are plunged into the ground to the first real sheet, the roots are crimped with soil. A liter of water is poured under each plant.
Bright sunlights can harm the rapid plants, so a few days after landing a bed with a sediment are pronounced.
Watering cabbage after planting it is necessary every 3 days 2 liters of water on the plant. A month later, watering is reduced to 1 time in 7 days (by the bucket of water per square meter of beds). In the heat, watering is made more often.
Soil looser (to depth 7 centimeters) is carried out after each watering.
To prevent the appearance of pests, plants and earth around drinking wood ash (glass per square meter).
For the prevention of diseases and pests, plants are sprayed with protective drugs.
Cabbage care, as well as adult plants, does not cause special problems. Under the observance of agrotechnics, any kind of cabbage gives an excellent harvest.
The cultivation of seedlings of cabbage of any kinds at home practically does not cause difficulties in gilders. Plants grow rapidly and stronger. Seedling grows healthy, strong, and the harvest does not cause himself for a long time.
Cabbage is a popular vegetable with a rich set of beneficial substances. The hypoalgenic culture contains many vitamins (A, C, E group B and PP), lutein and zeoxanthine (compounds that improve vision, they protect the retina from the lesion by free radicals leading to cancer).
The presence of cabbage in the diet contributes to the formation of bone tissue, improving metabolism, helps regulating the blood formation process.
The biological feature of all types of cabbage is the predisposition to disease and pests. To get vegetables without signs of diseases, pest lesions, cabbage is treated with special drugs a couple of times a week (when growing on an industrial scale). To obtain an environmentally friendly product, it is advisable to grow cabbage on your own site.
Any group (early, medium, late) is grown through seedlings. So that the process has passed successfully, it is necessary to choose high-quality sowing material. Purchase seeds in specialized stores. On the package, the following information must be specified: the name of the variety, the relationship to the group, the growing region, the estimated data of the sowing and landing in open soil, the harvest timing. Pay attention to the zoning - such varieties are most resistant to disease and pests. It is advisable to grow varieties of different maturation terms.
For all cabbage independence from the type (white, Kohlrabi, Savoy, etc.) technology of growing seedlings are the same. Differences in care begin after planting in open ground.
Methods of growing can have some features: with picking, without dive, in boxes, in separate containers, in a greenhouse, etc. The leaves of the plant are fragile, are easily damaged, so optimally growing in separate pots without dive. Picking is able to slow down the growth of the plant. This trick can be resorted if seedlings are sown too early or weather Do not have a transplant in open ground. After picking the stalks of the plant will become more straight, thickened, seedlings easier to transfer the subsequent transplant.
Planting the cabbage to seedlings:
Temporary frames are indicative. When to plant cabbage seeds to seedlings depends on the variety, the growing season of the plant, the climatic conditions of your region (affects further development in open soil). Thus, early grades are ready for harvesting after 90-120 days, the secondary-day - after 150-170, and later - after 160-180 days.
The soil is needed nutritious, lightweight, breathable, moisture. Those who do not like to waste time can be restricted to universal soil for seedlings.
The basis of the substrate can become a turden or sheet land (either both in equal proportions). Add humus or peat. The soil loans will help provide sawdust, perlite or river sand. Proportions of mixture 1: 2: 1.
Suitable mixture based on garden soil With the addition of ash, lime and sand.
Mix all the components carefully. Perfection by one of the ways: marching, calcination, steaming, processing with a strong heatman solution.
Dried after disinfecting soil trends with antifungal preparation.
Then make fertilizers. By 10 kg of soil, it will take: 15-20 g of urea or ammonium nitrate, 20-25 g of granulated superphosphate, 25 g of hawed lime, 10 g of potassium sulfate. Replace these components may be 30-35 g nitroammophos.
As a container, you can use: conventional boxes, special containers with cells, separate cups, peat pots.
At different stages of seedlings, the corresponding temperature regime is required:
At the phase of the appearance of 2 real leaves, conduct pickup seedlings. Plug the root tip, then deepen into the soil until the cotyledon.
After picking up to landing in an open soil, the temperature of the soil should be 10 ° C, the air temperature during the day - 14-16 ° C, at night - 7-10 ° C.
From the lack of lighting seedlings are pulled out. In order for seedlings to be strong, it is necessary to provide a luminous day with a duration of 12-15 hours. You can use fluorescent lamps.
The soil should be slightly wet. Do not allow moisture stagnation so that thin roots are not injured from rot. Water around once a week.
Seedlings can strike the following diseases: black leg, mucous and vascular bacteriosis, fusarious wilt.
So that this does not happen, you should:
Protection is needed and pests. Dangerous for cabbage is a cruciferous flew, cabbage mole, cabbage fly, wave, scoop, beyanka, etc. When pests appear pests with a biopreparation in a tank mixture. In the fight against sheet-raging themselves, lepyocide, batchibacillin, dendrobacillin have proven themselves well.
Feed seedlings. In the formation phase of 2-3 new leaves, make a solution: 10 liters of water 20-25 g of superphosphate, 20 g of ammonium nitrate, 5-10 g of potassium chloride. It can be replaced with a solution of 30-35 g of nitroammophos on the same volume of water. Make a second feeder after 10-12 days, and the third (as needed) - after 15-20 days. After extractive feeding, be sure to rinse clean water.
It is important to test the seedlings (teach to a reduced temperature regime, greater access of oxygen, more bright light). Keep the night air temperature within 7-8 ° C, daytime - 14-15 ° C, and with cloudy weather - 12-14 ° C.
When to plant cabbage seedlings in the ground? Early seedlings are ready to transplant in open ground after 45-55 days of growth, the average and late - after 35-45 days. The seedling should have a well-developed root system, elastic stem, 5-7 leaf plates of monophonic color (without spots, damage), the height of the young plant should be 18-20, 20-25 cm, respectively.
Cabbage seedlings are not afraid of low temperatures, it is possible to plant during the established weather without night frosts. Plants are able to withstand short-term cooling to -2 ° C, but it is better to plant it when there are no return freezers.
Digital data in the animent averaged, indicative. In each individual case, they will have their own values \u200b\u200bapproximate to the specified one.
Seed out the cabbage seedlings. On average, adhering to the scheme 40x50 cm. Make holes, slightly beaten so that water is delayed after watering. Subsequently, with loosens, the Earth is aligned, a little fall asleep stem cabbage to the level of leaves, which develops a more powerful root system.
" Cabbage
Today, cabbage refers to the most important and necessary garden crops. It grows from the seedlings at home. Landing deadlines and the right home care for the latter largely and ensure the quality of the future harvest. Unfortunately, the purchase of seedlings often leaves much to be desired, and he was grown in spite of all technologies. It is unknown from what planting material. It is precisely why it is best to plant and grow cappist on my own, personally monitored the whole process. And this article will show a step-by-step process.
Timing seeds can vary significantly depending on the particular region and its climatic conditions. As a rule, they begin to engage in this case in the second half of March. In May, it is usually too late. However, it is worth considering the features of the selected varieties, as well as the time of maturation. Often, gardeners resort to tricks and seed all the material immediately, but do it gradually (within a few days). This allows you to extend the harvest date.
Cabbage grows fast enough. When sowing early cabbage, it is necessary to take into account that it should be planted at a permanent place of growth aged from 30 to 40 days. For the secondary varieties, this period is somewhat more - 40-50 days, and for late and it can make 2 months. In addition, up to 1 week, seedlings will need to germinate. For another 1 weeks will undergo a rooting of transplanted seedlings. Thus, you can accurately calculate the deadlines when to plant cabbage for your region.
Landing seed cabbage in boxes There are certain days in the lunar calendar, which is best to produce cabbage sowing. It is believed that if you spend all the procedures at this time, then the plant will grow better, to hurt less and give an excellent harvest.
For each type of cabbage, as well as relative to its maturation, the lunar calendar has certain favorable days In every month. This is associated with a certain phase of the moon. Every year this calendar varies. In 2017, such successful days are provided:
Belococcal and red, savory cabbage, Kohlrabi:
Red-covered:
Broccoli for picking:
Broccoli without picking
Planting of Beijing Cabbage:
Successful for early cabbage are 15, 25th and 26 March, for the average - 1, 2, as well as April 7-10. As for late varieties, they are sown in the same period as the average. During the full moon or new moon, sowing can not be carried out at all.
Cabbage consider unpretentious culture. But it is from the departure and the presence of practical skills of growing seedlings depends on the future harvest. So that it is not me, it is necessary to correctly choose the soil, as well as create the most comfortable conditions for the growth of the plant.
Absolutely all kinds of cabbage like loose soil. That is why it is necessary to introduce peat. It can be mixed with sand, as well as a humus or overloaded compost. Also in the mixture you can add wood ash.
The soil for planting seedlings can be purchased as ready in the store, and prepare themselves. Only after the mixture is obtained, it must be disinfected. Methods for this mass. The most common, affordable and simple is to roll in the oven at a temperature of 200 degrees for 15 minutes.
Sometimes for the above procedure, the microwave is used, including its full power and withstanding time for 5 minutes.
Soils for cabbage should be loose mixed with peat And now let's talk about the instructions, how to care for seeds until the landing. Not depending on what kind of cabbage you are going to plant, pre-training seeds will be the same. First of all, they need to be sorted and select those diameter of which is at least 1.5 mm. After that, the march takes shape, folds into three layers and selected seeds are wrapped in it.
The resulting convolution is lowered into a thermos with heated to 45-50 degrees with water, withstands there 15 minutes. Then the seeds in Marle are lowered for a couple of minutes in cold water, take out and leave in wet fabric for another two days.
If the seeds were purchased in a specialized store, then most likely they have already passed all the stages of preliminary training and do not need more in such. The only thing that is recommended to do is still to hold them a couple of days in a wet marla. This procedure will accelerate the appearance of shoots in the future, since the seeds will already be well swollen and ready to give first sprouts.
Cabbage seeds must be the right size without visible defects. Seeds are sown depending on whether the seedlings are planned or not. If planned, it is possible to sow in a common box or other suitable container.
If the picking is not planned, the sowing is produced immediately into separate containers (pots or cups, peat pills).
When choosing a method with picking, you need to prepare boxes in a depth of at least 4 centimeters. They pour a layer of the prepared soil mixture, the thickness of which is 3-4 centimeters. At a distance of 3 centimeters, small grooves are made of a depth of 1 centimeter. They seed cabbage seeds, the distance between which should also be about 1 centimeter. At the end of sowing, the earth is sprinkled.
After the cabbage was sown, the container is placed on a well-lit side concern. The minimum air temperature in the room should be within 18-20 degrees. 5 days later, the first searches should appear. After that, the box is moved to the most highly illuminated place. Temperature should be reduced to 10-12 degrees. Otherwise, shoots will be very pulled out.
Initially, germs are not strongly added in growth, but then the pace increases significantly. Three weeks later, the third leaflet begins to appear. It is necessary to take into account that the temperature regime for cauliflower should be increased by 6 degrees in comparison with other varieties.
Cabbage seedlings are very demanding to lighting. IN spring periodWhen it becomes very early and late, it is necessary to take care of additional lighting. You can do this with LED or phytolamba. Light day should be at least 12 hours.
Incandesses can not be used, because there are almost no benefit from their light, but the air is additionally heated.
It is necessary to pour a landing as the upper layer of soil dries. The disadvantage or oversupply of moisture can destroy the seedlings. In order to avoid this, the soil should be periodically loosened. Watering is produced only with an estimated water, heated to room temperature.
As the seedl of the seedlings need to be fed. A week after picking, you can make a solution of ammonium nitrate, potash fertilizer and superphosphate in a 2: 1 ratio of 2: 1: 4 grams per liter of water. After a couple of weeks, it is possible to re-feed, but the number of fertilizers per liter of water is doubled. If necessary, a few days before landing on the bed and the third feeding is also carried out. The proportions are the same as for the first.
Before disassembled cabbage, you need to harden well. For this daily, it is made for several hours to open air and under open sun rays. The first removal is done for an hour, and then increase the time. Before disembarking, you can leave boxes for the whole day. Watering is stopped a week before transplanting to a garden, but in no case cannot allow plants.
The cultivation of their own seedlings is troublesome, but fully justifies itself. Only in this way, you can get a strong and healthy seedlings of a certain variety, as well as hard to harden and properly prepare to get into the open ground. Often, buying a ready-made culture on the market, we notice that she is sick for a long time, it doesn't take root and does not subsequently give up. Yes, and with a variety you can miss. Your own seedlings can be raised by all the rules, harden and get the best results on yield. Yes, it looks originally better than the purchase.
Cabbage - Favorite vegetable on our table. The variety of varieties allows round year Turn on vitamin dishes with cabbage in the menu. However, environmentally friendly products can be obtained only from their garden, knowing the technology of growing this vegetable culture. Crop the cabbage largely depends on the quality of seedlings.
Before purchasing seeds, it should be determined to land the cabbage. Different varieties are used for the pickling, dumping, cooking soups, salads, etc. In addition, cabbage varieties are distinguished by maturation terms. Earls are good for consumption in the summer in a fresh form, and medium and late - for blanks and long-term storage.
White cabbage - the most popular vegetable on our table
| Types of cabbage in maturation timing | Names of varieties and hybrids | Characteristic of type |
| Early varieties |
| Cabbage - gentle, very tasty fresh, but is not stored for a long time. It forms small loose kochess weighing up to 2 kg with juicy leaves, which are used for the preparation of salads, Solyan and Summer |
| Mediterranean grades |
| Casuals are larger (3-5 kg), are best suited for salting and quay. Dense elastic leaves do not destroy in brine when stored in barrels or banks and do not lose their taste. Cabbage is maintained in fresh form until the middle of winter |
| Late varieties |
| Cabbage is designed for winter storage. Having a good effort, does not deteriorate until spring. From late varieties, a delicious and crispy sauerkraut is also obtained. Casuals are very dense, the leaves are rigid, for salads and consumption of raw form are suitable |
Moskovskaya Cabbage Late 15 - a yield lateur-grade forming a dense large knocker weighing 4.5 kg
If it allows the area, it is desirable to grow cappist with different terms Maturation.
To get a strong life-based seedlings of cabbage, it is necessary to carefully prepare soil and seeds, spend sowing in optimal deadlines And create seedlings comfortable conditions.
Soil for sowing should be light and loose, have a small acidity. You can prepare a mixture of fertile land with sand and humus (1: 1: 2). The soil taken from the bed must be pre-shedding 0.05% by a solution of manganese or phytoosporin-M (1 drop per 1 liter). An ral solution (1 tablespoon of ash per 1 liter) contributes to the sinic acid of the hydrochilant soil (1 tablespoon of ash per 1 liter).
Soil for seedlings Cabbage can be prepared by the fertile land, sand and humus, adding vermiculitis to save the desired humidity level
Seedlings are very well developing on the finished soil, which is sold in garden shops. It consists of peat, land, river sand, fermented wood sawdust, biohumus and mineral supplements. Such a soil is fully ready for use and does not require disinfection. When sowing a bioroant (for example, "friendly shoots") seeds ride 3-4 days earlier than when using conventional soil, and seedlings better tolerate picking and transplantation.
Biogrount "Friendly searches" for seedlings Cabbage contains biohumus and mineral additives
Instead of soil seedlings, a coconut substrate also uses a coconut substrate with the addition of vermiculite (3: 1). Wing fiber has a high moisture and breathability, vermiculite contains nutrients.
Porous coconut fiber capable of keeping moisture better than peat
The seedlings are growing well peat pillsMade from a compressed peat, enclosed in a natural shell. Peat is enriched with additional components: mineral, antibacterial substances, growth stimulant. Seedlings grown in such tablets is practically not amazed by a black leg.
Instead of the soil when sowing cabbage seeds, you can use peat tablets
Roots in seedlings Cabbage are thin, fragile leaves are easy to break, which leads to a height of growth, so it is better to immediately suck seeds into separate containers. For the cultivation of seedlings without dive well suited small plastic cups or containers with cells. Capacity should have drainage holes so that moisture is not in the soil.
When growing cabbage in a separate cup, picking is not conducted
Instead of cups, you can use jobs from yogurt, cropped plastic bottles And even egg shell. Seedlings are easily removed along with a lump of land during transplantation, and when growing in the eggshell, it is planted at all along with the crushed capacity. The perfect air-water mode is created when growing seedlings in peat pots, where the container itself is a fertilizer and landed together with seedlings.
It is convenient to grow cabbage seedlings in cassettes with cells, where every seedler grows separately and does not interfere with the other
If you need to plant a large number of seedlings, the cabbage is more convenient to use spacious drawers with a pallet. The grown seedlings necessarily dive into separate containers and then planted into the ground.
For a large number of seedlings cabbage more convenient to use seedlings
Delicated seeds are not required to process before sowing. They have already passed pre-sowing preparation and enclosed in a shell from the organo-mineral mixture, into which fungicides and trace elements that increase the germination are added. Such seeds are immediately sourced into the nutritional soil - they are larger than untreated, and they are easier to decompose in the tank. However, the germination of such seeds retain only 2 years, while ordinary - 4 years.
Seeds necessarily calibrate, selecting larger for sowing
Unprocessed sowing material must be prepared. Before the seeding seeds are calibrated, selecting medium and large in size - not less than 1.5 mm. For this, they are placed in a 3% salt solution for 5 minutes. Small light seeds pop up, heavy, those who are used to sow. They are washed with clean water and dried, then disinfected from pathogens of bacterial and fungal diseases in a 2% heatman solution for 20 minutes and washed with water again. To accelerate the germination of seeds, they can be placed 12 hours into epin solutions (1 drop by 0.5 l), nitroposki (5 g per 1 liter) or 3 hours per olted solution (30 g per 1 liter).
Unprocessed cabbage seeds before sowing disinfect in a mortar
Improve the germination of cabbage seeds contributes to their hardening. For this, the seeds are placed in the container, pour hot water (50 ° C) and leave for 15 minutes. Next, the locking seeds are kept in the day in refrigerated chamber At a temperature of 1-2 ° C. Then they dry and start cropping.
When processing seeds, cabbage use hot water with 50 degree temperatures
Seedlings are planted in two ways:
A large number of seedlings to save space are conveniently grown in a railing or container.
When sowing a plant on Square 1 m 2 there is about 25 seedlings.
In a seedl box, you can grow a large number of seedlings.
It is more convenient to grow seedlings in plastic cassettes.
2-3 seeds are put in each cell
Can be grown cabbage seedlings and without dive, immediately putting them in separate containers or in snail at a considerable distance from each other.
Cultivation of seedlings in cups provides a greater percentage of plant survival and their continuous growth.
When sowing cabbage seeds in customized seedlings grows more strong
Gardeners who prefer to grow seedlings in separate molds, eagerly use peat pots. The cultivation of seedlings in peat packaging facilitates the germination of seeds, an increase in yield by 30%, in addition, the root system during landing into the ground is not injured. Seedlings are planted together with a pot, which under the influence of moisture is dissolved after a while and enriches the soil with nutritional elements.
Peat pots can be the most different shape and size
Peat tablets are pucks from peat different diameters, enclosed in a natural shell, which allows you to maintain the original shape. From above made grooves for sowing seeds.
Cabbage seeds are sown in recesses made in the top of peat pills
The cultivation of seedlings in peat tablets containing nutrients, has obvious advantages: additional feeding of plants and the introduction of growth stimulants, the root system is not damaged during transplantation to the ground.
Cultivation of seedlings in the snail is a way to save the place and soil. Shoots in the snail are evenly illuminated and well ventilated, without interfering with each other to develop. The material for seedlings should be dense.
Snail with cabbage seeds put on the pallet and are covered with a film that when shoots appear
The time of sowing cabbage to seedlings is determined depending on the rapidity of the variety:
Sowing seeds of the secondary range Rinda is carried out in April, and in August, you can harvest in August
Many dackets that have experience in growing cabbage seed seeds not at the same time, but every 3-4 days. This allows us to stretch the harvest period.
In the open ground, the early cabbage is planted in 45-50 days after sowing, seedlings of medium and late varieties - aged 35-45 days.
Healthy seedlings can only grow with proper care For shoots.
To germinate seeds, you need to create a greenhouse effect: to cover the crop of the film and maintain the temperature not lower than +20 ºC. It is necessary to contain the soil in a wet state, but at the same time carrying the ventilation daily, remove the condensate. With the appearance on the 3-4th day of the seeding of capeners, shoots remove the film and transfer seedlings for a week in a cooler room with a daily temperature of 10-12 ° C, night - 6-8 ° C.
Capacity with sowing seed cabbage is placed under the film until shoots appear
If this is not done, seedlings will stretch and disappear. In the future, it is provided for plants the optimal temperature regime: 18-20 ° C during the daytime and 14-18 ° C - in the night. More low temperature Indoors can lead to a slow growth of seedlings.
On the 3-4th day there is a friendly appearance of shoots that need to provide good lighting. Seedlings are better located on the windowsill on the south side, creating a scattered light, having prolonged with paper or with reflective screens. For the intensive development of seedlings, it is necessary to provide a 12-hour daylight, in a darkened room it will require additional reading with a phytolamme or luminescent lamp.
Cabbage seedlings need good lighting
Cabbage actively develops with air humidity 75% and soil - 85%. To do this, when drying the upper layer of the soil is carried out abundant watering with warm water. With a lack of moisture, the plants begin to wither, the leaves are yellow. However, it is worth avoiding excessive watering of water can lead to the development of root rot and the death of seedlings. Wet soil is necessarily breaking, providing air access to the root system.
Cabbage seedlings need to water, and on hot days - and spray
With a violation of the light or temperature mode, with incorrect watering of seedlings can drop and stretch. In this case, the plants must be transferred to individual cups, pinching the root and drowning a seedman to seedy leaves. Slow down the growth of plants will help in the soil of a solution of the antlert (1 ampoule by 500 ml), which also contributes to the formation of strong stalks and a developed root system.
In case of insufficient lighting, the cabbage seedlings are thinned and stretched out
If seedlings were grown in a common container, with the advent of 2-3 real leaves, it must be seen in separate cups. Seedlings growing in small cells are transplanted in the capacity of larger. It is very convenient to dive seedlings into peat pots - when planting in the ground, plants are planted along with the package.
Cabbage seedlings with 4-5 real leaves are ready for landing in the ground
The feeding is needed seedlings of cabbage for better growth and development. Nutrient additives are brought when watering or by spraying. The first feeder is carried out 2 weeks after sowing seeds, bringing a solution of complex fertilizer agriculta-1 (25 g / 10 L) into the soil. Well affect the development of plants and extraxanital feeding. A cooked solution of agricola-1 fertilizer spray leaves with a sprayer in the morning or evening.
Repeated seedlings after 10 days after dive.
Cabbage seedlings are useful to bore the complex fertilizer of agricults containing all the necessary trace elements.
Before disembarking seedlings to the ground, a third feeding is carried out.
When using complex fertilizers containing a balanced number of macro and trace elements, the cabbage seedlings develop well and easily adapts to the conditions of the open soil.
A week before the transplantation, the seedlings begin to order:
In case of violation of the agricultural sources of seedlings can get sick. Cabbage most often suffers from black leg and perronosporosis.
Seedlings thickening, excessive watering and non-compliance with the temperature regime often lead to the appearance of a black leg. Symptoms of the disease - darkening and pinning of the stem in the root part. It is impossible to save such plants, so it is necessary to make the main emphasis to protect the seedlings.
Before sowing, it is necessary to disinfect the seeds and the soil, in the future, when watering, use only warm water, adding potassium mangartage into it. In phase 2-3 leaves, the cabbage seedlings spray with 0.2% phytosporin-M solution. Sour environment is favorable for the development of black leg pathogens, so the soil with high levels Acidness must be lime. At the first signs of the disease remove the amazed plants, healthy transplanted in new sadThe seedlings are treated with 1% bordrian liquid solution.
Black leg - fungal disease that quickly spreads in violation of the agricultural machinery of growing cabbage seedlings
Excessive watering and too heat The premises contribute to the development of perilosos. This fungal disease is particularly often striking young plants with a weak immunity. In the upper part of the sheet appear yellow-brownish spots, the reverse side is covered with grayish raids. At the first symptoms of the disease, it is necessary to disappoin the plants of the ash (25 g / 0.5 m 2) or to be treated with phytosporin-M solution (3 g / 5 l), after a week, re-process.
Excess moisture and elevated air temperature lead to the development of peridosponosis
The main enemies of the cabbage seedlings are a cruciferous flew and aphid. The appearance of white spots and holes on the cabbage leaves - the result of the attack of the cruciferous fleece.
Conducting fleas damage the seedlings of cabbage, pulling holes in the leaves
TLL detects its presence in seedlings white cabbage, and then brown raids on the leaves.
In the fight against pests, natural preparations can be used: herbal decoctions (chamomile, cleanliness, wormwood), a solution of ash (150 g / 5 L) or milk with iodine. You can wash plants with soap water. With the mass invasion of insects, chemical preparations are used - Bolkla (0.7 g / l), anabazine sulfate (1 g / l).
Grow healthy seedlings of cabbage under the power even novice gardener. Knowing the peculiarities of vegetable culture and creating comfortable conditions for it, you can collect the whole season harvest, cook vitamin salad From cabbage, plant or store in the cellar to the very spring.
Cabbage cultivation through seedlings - The occupation is quite painstaking, requiring the application of some resources in the form of time and strength. However, all efforts will pay off with interest: you will get confidence in the health and quality of planting material and reduce spending on purchasing ready-made seedlings.
It ripens this vegetable for a long time, so do not rush to plant it in the garden in the form of seeds - risks not to wait for the crop. Is that you live in southern latitudes and the warm season you last long.
Even the most early views are fully prepared for removal only after 80-90 days, which can be said here about late - they just do not have time to grow before the onset of cold weather. So it is better to take measures and get properly grown seedlings to provide a full-fledged harvest.
Early Cabbage Seedlings Bring a nice bonus: you can eat young juicy leaves in summer. It also applies to the Beijing cabbage - it grows pretty quickly, but the early landing will speed up the process.
Selection and preparation of cabbage seeds
To obtain a quality result in growing seedlings cabbage You need to choose the creation of the sowing material. Rules are simple:
Think up a landing target in advance - this is an important factor when choosing. Sit down the worsens of early cabbage and enjoy delicious summer sodiums and vegetable salads rich in vitamins. But it is unlikely to keep it. Such varieties differ from the late white cabbage loose heads with a slightly watery taste.
The middle cabbage will delight you with harvest when autumn occurs - in its very beginning. It is eaten, sometimes fed, but in general it is not very suitable for conservation. It is better to wait for the maturity of late varieties.
Late-friendly views are ready for cutting at the very end of autumn. Casuals collected in front of frosts, strong, dense, will be excellent before the beginning of summer. Suitable for use in all sorts of options. If experience in garden affairs is not enough, choose several varieties from different suppliers to then decide on favorites.
In the photo, white cabbage
When buying seeds for growing the seedlings of the Beijing cabbage, Special attention is good to pay such a feature as the formation of arrows and flowering - that is, choose hybrids stable for this.
Thanks ensure Growing, the result is not to make yourself wait - after a month and a half from the moment of planting seedlings in the garden will reach suitable maturity.
Cauliflower - Pretty capricious and pretty vegetable. Choose seeds for growing cauliflower seedlingsit follows with special attention. Selection hybrids are best adapted to various adverse conditions.
It is advisable to choose those of them that form the leaves covering the forks - otherwise it will still have to do artificially - this is useful to preserve their snow-white color.
On photo cauliflower
Growing Cabbage Seedlings White Start at the end of winter - early spring. In March - in the first decade - sow early varieties, after 1-2 weeks, medium and late.
Preparation begins with the selection of the largest copies of the sowing material. It will be not bad to pre-soak them in a light solution of the cook salt for a few minutes and remove the emerging non-rejuvenated seeds. The remaining need to rinse well.
The next step is carried out processing from bacteria and fungi. This is done by exposure in the solution of mangarteever or in hot water. In the second method, it is very important to observe the temperature: it should be no higher than 50 and not fall below 48 degrees. You can also displaced seeds in garlic aqueous solution.
In the photo of Beijing cabbage
Accelerate the seeding of seed soaking at 12 o'clock in heat. With an interval in three or four hours, the water is changed to fresh. You can prepare a useful solution with wood ash.
To increase the cold-resistance, the seeds are hardened at a temperature of 1-2 degrees. For this, the bottom compartment of the refrigerator is suitable. At the end, they are dried and proceed to sowing.
Preparation of soil for growing seedlings
From autumn you need to take care of the preparation of the soil. It will take a mixture of humus, peat and turf approximately in equal ratios. Also add some sand (no more than 5% of the total volume), fertilize ashes and lime.
Do not take the soil from the garden in those places where cruciferous grew - any varieties of cabbage, and others, so as not to infect young piglets with unpleasant diseases. Before sowing, the soil needs to be disinfected with a solution of manganese or well to curb him, which is not difficult to do in winter.
Landing seed cabbage
Grown cabbage seedlings at home, It is possible to plant seeds in the calculation of further picking or do without it. Peking cabbage absolutely not tolerance. Squeeze it immediately into individual.
If it is planned to conduct a pickup, then the plants are sickling into separate small containers with good drainage system, And after a couple of weeks, from the moment of the sprouting, the sprouts are transplanted into more spacious pots. The advantage of this method is that the soil is better saturated with oxygen, and without this it is impossible to properly develop the root system.
If there is no dive to hold desires, the seeds are planted immediately into large containers with a depth of about 8 centimeters. Seed seeds in well-moisthed soil, until shoots appear slightly spray it from the sprayer.
Cabbage Care
Seedling cabbage loves water. Water it regularly, without waiting for an unnecessary drying of the upper layer of the soil. It is important that the earth is only slightly humid, it is not necessary to create "swamp".
Inalient cabbage seedlings growing conditions are fresh air - open windows, constant ventilation, sufficient amount of light and not too high temperatures - it is best to provide 14-18 degrees.
At night, the thermometer column can show up to 8-10 degrees. Approximately two weeks before planting the plants are hardened, passing to the sun and the wind. A balcony or an open veranda is quite good for this purpose.
Cabbage seedlings in Open soil
Growing seedlings Cabbage at home Ends the responsible stage - a transplantation for a bed. The timing of the transplant vary by grades.
Early species are planted in the early middle of May, the middle and late slowly - from mid-May to mid-June. An important indicator Plant preparedness for disembodies: They reached a length of 15-20 centimeters, 5-7 leaves appeared.
Place on the site is chosen light, with good access to the sun. Cabbage grows well on heavy soils for a long time saving moisture. Do not place the plants too close to each other: when landing, withstand a distance of 30-70 centimeters. A little sand and peat are plundered into the soil hole, ash add and well moisturize the soil.
