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The wiring circuit in the bath must match strictly specified PUE standards (rules of electrical installation devices). This set of rules regulates electrical work, including those that are carried out in wet rooms. This article will deal with the nuances of wiring in bathrooms and methods for its arrangement.

Features of electrical work in the bath

A modern bathroom is not limited to two-three lamps - which is where as a more complex system that needs to organize electrical support. In addition to standard lamps, the following electricity consumers may need in the bath:

• electric stone stove;
• electric system "Warm floor";
• electrical appliances for measuring humidity and temperature indoors;
• electric kettle, hair dryer;
• refrigeration installation for drinks;
• television;
• SPA equipment;
• backlight for the pool;
• infrared heaters;
• water heater;
• washer;
• water pump;
• heat gun.

The organization of wiring in any wet room requires compliance with elevated security measures. The fact is that steam is an excellent conductor of electricity. Therefore, all electrical work should be carried out with this circumstance.

Since the construction of a bathroom wiring is a very responsible task, the best option There will be an invitation of a competent specialist. He will examine the room, will produce all the calculations, choose the appropriate scheme, will give other valuable recommendations. You can make the wiring in the bath with your own hands, but in this case you will need to be taken particularly thoroughly into all the nuances on which the system is being built.

Zoning Steam

In the steam room, as in the bathroom, the room is divided into conditional zones. In accordance with GOST R 50571.12-96, the room the steam rooms are divided into four zones:

• zone 1;
• zone 2;
• zone 3;
• zone 4.

The figures below are presented and side. Red numbers marked zones. Some requirements are imposed on the equipment located in a particular zone:

1. The first zone is designed exclusively for installing furnaces.
2. In the second zone, the equipment does not make any conditions regarding heat resistance.
3. In the third zone, the equipment must be heat-resistant, since the operating temperature here can reach 125 degrees of heat Celsius. Insulating material Cables should have such a storage margin that allows you to withstand up to 170 degrees above zero.
4. For installation in the fourth zone, only electrical handling devices are allowed (for example, temperature sensors). Insulating layer Such devices must withstand 170 degree temperatures.

Note! Thermocouple or any other control unit must be forced to turn off the equipment if the temperature rises to 140 degrees above zero. Such a requirement is dictated by the conditions GOST R 50571.12-96, P. 703.53.

Electrical equipment installed in the steam room (in any of four zones) must have a definite security class - at least IP 24. In this code, the following information is encrypted: 2 - Solid particle protection with a diameter of over 12.5 millimeters, 4 - splashing And direct water from entering.

The Zoning Gosta requirements determine the choice of cables and wires, the options for their gasket, the degree of protection of lighting equipment, as well as sockets, switches and other electrical appliances.

Principles of proper electrification

Electricity in the bathroom is transmitted from the main distribution shield through the selected power line. Bath has a separate entangleant outline. The wires are placed where they will be most protected and, at least, one-to-half meter from water communications (pipelines, batteries). It is impossible to place the wires opposite the doors and passes.

There are other rules:

1. The supply grounding must be sent via AV or Uzo as well as the lowering transformer.
2. Shield, switch and distribution machines must be mounted in the pre-tribbon.
3. Through the walls, the wiring is paved through the drilled holes.
4. In the case of fully wooden bathth wiring must be fully open. In this case, the wires are laid not on the plinths, but through the attic room. You can connect wires only with terminals, and other methods (for example, twist) connections are prohibited.

Cable selection

Requirements for cables will differ when it comes to steils and other rooms of the bathroom (pre-tribades, recreation room, etc.).

By installing wiring in the sauna in the third and fourth zone, it should be borne in mind that the system must withstand extremely high temperatures, so they will need cables for thermally stable marks:

1. Multi-War Copper Wire RKGM, PrK, PPC, PVKV. Such cables are kept up to 180 degrees, are riveted into a special non-combustible shell.
2. The single-filling cable (or its multi-proper version) of PMTK is able to withstand up to 200 degrees.
3. Imported VVGng-LS 3x2.5 or Silflex SIF cables can be operated at temperatures up to 200 degrees.

For tambourists, relaxation rooms and other premises, where there is no heat, You can use less heat-resistant stamps. However, it should be remembered that some wires, such as PUNP, are in principle not intended for use in a wet room.

Note! Aluminum wiring is considerably less often copper. Cause as in lower performance characteristicsand smaller operating time: aluminum wires Serve up to 15 years, and copper - up to 20.

Sockets

In the steampers, in accordance with PUE, it is prohibited to establish sockets. According to clause 7.1.48, "Installation of plug sockets in bathrooms, shower, soaps of baths, rooms containing heaters for saunas, as well as in washing rooms of laundries are not allowed, except for bathrooms of apartments and hotel rooms." The same rule refers to distribution and switches. In other rooms, the bath sockets are allowed to install.

Selection of lamps

Limitations on lighting devices concern only the Parims. In other rooms, there are no bans or restrictions.

As places to accommodate lamps in the steam room, walls are suitable. Install the same lighting devices on the ceiling is prohibited. The best place To place the lamp - as close as possible to the floor, since in this case the device is subjected to a smallest degree exposed to high temperature.

Luminaires can be installed only in the second and third zones. At the same time, in the second zone, the lighting device can act as a backlight role, but in the third zone, the device can act as the main lighting.

Standards define materials from which lamps are manufactured. The body is made only from the metal, and the flood portion is made of glass. Lighting equipment with plastic base is not recommended, since the plastic melts under heat influence. Instead of plastics, it is desirable to use ceramics. The tightness between the case and the ceiling is provided with a silicone gasket. The lighting device is fixed on the wall of the pair of screws.

The degree of protection for lighting devices must comply with IP 44 standards or exceed them. 12-volt halogen lamps are recommended as the safest.

Placement of equipment in a bathroom

Requirements for the placement of equipment:

1. Shower cabin is one of those types of equipment, which is not necessary to worry about the security. Manufacturers provide reliable insulation of shower cabins still at the factory, therefore, such equipment can be operated even in a washing room.
2. But the washing machine is allowed to install only in a dry room. There should also be a socket for washing.
3. For a water tank, a separate cable will be needed - it is fundamentally important.
4. Uzo and differential machines can only be set in a moisture-proof.
5. Sensors to the electric heater should be extremely low-voltage and located at a meter from the floor - on the wall most distant from the furnace.
6. The sockets for the electric heaters are installed outside the parihroom.

Note! Any equipment located in the bath needs at least in a quarterly inspection for compliance with safety standards.

Voltage selection

Getting Started with electrical wiring in the bath with your own hands, you need to decide on the network voltage. The transformer on which the supply voltage is directed must operate with 220 V. The transformer is installed in a dry place, the moisture from entering the equipment must be completely excluded.

Such requirements must also be observed:

1. Wires must be protected by RCD or differential machines.
2. The power supply is supplied by the Ground System TN-C-S.
3. Installation of the potential equalization system is required.

If for any reason it was not possible to ensure the listed requirements, the bathroom should be powered by a lowering transformer 220/36 or 220/12. Yatp-0.25 220/36 (B) can be brought as an example.

Only 12 V. It is possible to hold up to 42 V, but the lamps must be 36-volt.

Rules for laying wiring from a shield to electrical acceptors

Regardless of whether the wiring is laid in the bath with their own hands or with the help of a specialist, it is necessary to follow the requirement of PUE. In particular, paragraph 7.1.40 states that it is allowed both open and hidden wiring, and the wires should not be in the metal sheath, metal pipes or metal sleeves. At the same time, it is emphasized that preferably the hidden type of wiring organization.

The ban on the use of metal pipes, shells and sleeves is due to the fact that the metal is subject to rust, which leads to its destruction and latter wire. As for the open gasket, it is allowed to use cable channels or plastic corrugation.

Note! The cable in no way should be located closer than 80 centimeters from the chimney or the furnace.

Power cable liner to bath

The wiring to the bath is best to bring from the central distribution over the dedicated power line. Power cable gasket is carried out in one of two ways: in the ground or by air.

This option is considered the most reliable, although it is not suitable for all cases. Under the ground, the so-called "armored cable" is laid, which is a four-tier VBBSHV with a 10-mm cross section. Despite the high cost of the cable, the costs justify themselves, since the product is distinguished by high reliability and strength through the use of a metal braid between plastic shells. Thanks to such characteristics, the cable is reliably protected from mechanical damage arising, including as a result of rodent encroachments. In addition, the integrity of the cable is not able to break the shrinkage of the Earth.

It is undesirable to use metal pipes that are not only destroyed by rusting, but also contribute to the destruction of the cable, since condensate is collected in them. Metal pipes can be used only on the sections of the cable adjacent to the wall or post.

Below is an instruction for working:

1. Copy trench depth is at least 70 centimeters. I fall asleep with a 10-centimeter sand layer. We put the cable. From above, throw another 10 centimeters of sand.
2. In the building we carry out a cable through the sleeve, which is placed in advance drilled hole in the wall. The sleeve will protect the wire during the shrinkage of the wall.
3. We remove from cable "Armor" before entering into electrical protection. Next, connect the veins to the machine, creating grounding and lightning protection.

Note! When laying a cable underground, it is necessary to perform actions that will avoid excessive tension. For this, the cable is making wave-like - with a margin.

Gasket by air

Installation of wiring to the bath can be carried out and less costly - by air. At the same time, the following circumstances should be taken into account:

1. If the bath is farther than 25 meters, you will need support for the power line. The cable is paved using stretching or porcelain insulators.
2. The cable must be in a given height rule. For example, the driving part should be located at least 6 meters under the wires, and the pedestrian walkway is 3.5 meters away. To the bath, the wire is attached at an altitude of at least 2 meters 75 centimeters above ground level.
3. It is recommended to use a SIP (self-supporting insulated wire). The operational period of this product is a quarter of a century. Sip cables are covered with weather-resistant polyethylene, as well as equipped with resistant mechanical influences of carrier elements. The cross section of the wire should be at least 16 square millimeters with a capacity of 63 A. with a single-phase connection, the capacity indicator is 14 kW, with three-phase - 42 kW. The main minus SIP is difficult to enter into a protective machine due to the insufficient elasticity of the wires (they are with difficulty bent).
4. SIP is introduced into the bathroom through the metal sleeve. At the same time, the cable is directed not directly to the steam room, but in a dry room (in the room aluminum wires can not be placed). In the steam room, the wires of other brands - NYM, VG or NG are sent. The optimal choice There are VVGng-Ls 3x1.5 (for lighting) or WGN-LS 3x2.5 (for outlets). The insulating layer of the WDG is not lit, and the target in the event of an emergency. As adapters, it is recommended to use aluminum-copper-type connections. SIP is fixed with anchor clips (tensioners).

An example of the organization of electrical wiring

Electrical installations set in a dry room.

The shield includes:

• introductory single-pole machine switch from the Swiss company "ABB" (25 A);
• introductory RCD from the aforementioned company (40 A, 100 mA);
• the first group (sockets in the pre-tribades) is a single-pole automatic switch ABB (16 A);
• the second group (lighting in the pre-tribades) is a single-pole machine switch ABB (10 A);
• the third group (coverage in the steam room) is a single-pole machine switch ABB (16 A);
• zero tire n;
• tire grounding re.

To illuminate the pre-tribades, we take the VVGng-LS 3x1.5 cable, for outlets in the pre-banker - Vggling-Ls 3x2.5.

You can do without stretching the Wire RKGM from the shield to the paright room. Therefore, it will be necessary to install the distribution unit with the level of protection IP 54. From the shield before the distribution unit, we are making the WGG-LS 3x2.5 cable, and from the distribution unit for the steam room - RKGM 3x2.5. Cables are deployed open in the corrugated pipe.

Figure below shows mounting scheme Electric shield.

Note! It is important to stick to the color marking lived wires.

If there is a power supply in the bath, open its technical passport and find the equipment capacity indicator. In accordance with the power, select the section of the feed cable. Selecting the section will facilitate the corresponding reference table on wires and cables.

When the installation is completed, we turn to the electrical laboratory at the place of residence. The laboratory will be carried out by the necessary tests that include:

• testing the resistance of the insulating layer of the introductory cable and cables of the three groups;
• verification of the primary current of the introductory automaton (if necessary, then both of all other automata);
• check loop phase-zero;
• checking the chain between grounding and installation elements;
• testing of the introductory RCD.

If the tests did not reveal deviations, it is possible to be calm for the quality of the electrical work and the safety of the system.

The article is quite detailed about how to make wiring in the bath. Even if it is decided yet to hire an electrician, and not to do work with your own hands, it is advisable to understand general principles Wiring organizations. The fact is that it is not so rarely found not very professional electricians, the work of which needs to be monitored, because the safety of people directly depends on the quality of electrical wiring.

Because the transmission of electricity will not work at a distance like the Tesla, you will have to spend money on the cable. He must go to the room from the distribution shield, it is there that we go there. We connect the CIP cable (self-supporting) to the machine and stretch through the air to the front wall of our reception room.

If you want a bath, not a camera for torture partisans, then the cable input must be done in isolated trumpetOtherwise, he will "pierce" to the mass and may be unlabossed to pinch, when the moisture concentration is very high. It is possible to lay underground, only you have to dig a trench to a depth of about 50 cm and laying the expensive Cable WBBSHB 3 × 2.5. Then the insulator is not required at the entrance, because it is possible to start the wall.

It makes no sense to buy an expensive and powerful automatic. Maximum for supporting 500-900 W, since there are no big electric loads there.

Installing a shield

It must be installed in a well ventilated, cool place, preferably with natural lighting so that you can get to it without lighting appliances. Perfect option - In Tambour. Let's get there a three-core cable with a gray phase (on a new SNiP), check that the input is at an altitude of at least 130 centimeters.

The total capacity of the machine must be no more than 1.2 kW - it is no longer worth it, because you will not have powerful devices there, only in vain money spend on the purchase of a rather expensive item. Automatic 20 and will be what. Cheap and practical. When connecting the wires, it is worth paying attention to their fastening density, since, with the slightest backlash, they will not serve for a long time and do not avoid closure.

IMPORTANT: All work, from beginning to end, spend only when the power is turned off on the automatic building, because no one is insured against accidents. Even if the weather is dry, and you are in rubber gloves, it is better to be restrained, because you can simply fall with the connected cable in the puddle or get confused in the wires when connected.

Wiring cable

The most important rule when installing wiring: wires must be solid, without compounds. It is desirable even without turns (maximum 1) to preserve their conductivity over the years. Be sure to use wires with copper cores (aluminum no longer envisaged on SNiP, they become brittle and dangerous with time).

In a brick building, the wiring is made under the plaster as in a regular apartment, if the walls are wooden - special corrugations are installed or styling shocks. Wires must be in the waterproof and thick braid. Never make twists and do not install distribution boxes Indoors with high humidity. The steamer should enter only the lighting device and the minimum number of power cord.

If you have zero (the current is in the bath), then it is necessary to connect it to avoid possible damage to the current - careful ... Current does not hit. If not, we take and go to do it. It is forbidden to use a cable with a metal shell, which can heat up and melted inside the braid lived. It is impossible to carry lines over the stove itself, where there is a risk of damage to the braid high temperatures.

How to connect fixtures

Made wiring in the bath with their own hands comes to his climax. It remains to make the most interesting - connect the lamps. The first rule is the maximum protection of nutritional elements. The protection class of lighting devices must be the corresponding room type - IP-44. The housing is made metallic, and glass beams that can withstand huge temperatures and does not let moisture.

A rubber or polyurethane gasket, which increases the tightness of this product, is installed between the ceiling and metal housing. Only when using well-protected plafones, you can avoid constant replacement of batteries that will not serve and a couple of weeks in such working conditions. The plastic cases cannot be used, since the Chinese products are much weaker than the Russian organism and immediately deform after the flow of the park. Light bulbs can be taken different. If you want good illumination in the room, then you need to install 100 watts, if I need "intimate" and unobtrusive atmosphere, then ideally fit the bulbs by 60 or even 45 watts, it all depends on the ceiling. The darker the plander, the stronger the bulb is taken.

Sockets in the bath!

Sometimes you need to connect an electric razor in the bathroom or even some kind of media device. In any case, there will be no outlet. But how to connect it if there is a huge amount of moisture indoors?

In the steampers and premises for washing them, it is impossible to position on SNiP, so they immediately focus on the pre-banker - the TV we take it there. Moreover, it is even practical, because the steam will interfere with watching football. The height of the outlet of the socket in the pre-banner is at least 90 centimeters, the higher the better. We connect them immediately to a weak machine with a high security sensitivity (just in case).

Protection class Again IP-44 - less not recommended. It is very advisable to use sockets with covers, because the moisture will not be able to directly penetrate the contacts, and they will be protected. Now we can assume that the bath is equipped with everything necessary. Next, you can increase the number of outlets, plafones.

If not so long ago, work on the installation of electrical equipment in residential buildings could be performed only if there was agreed in the relevant institutions of the project, today, due to the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on the cancellation of obsolete requirements for owners of houses and cottages, everything is much simplified. Now the wiring in the bath can be mounted without project and coordination. But at the same time, it is necessary to fulfill the main condition - the installation is made taking into account the requirements of PUE and other regulatory acts, deviations are prohibited and can serve as a basis for refusing to connect an object to eclectic networks.

The last rules of DBN B.2.5-2003 and DNOP 0.00-1.32-01 are forbidden to use two-housing cables for wiring (except for switches), now they should only be triple with phase, zero working and zero protective copper wires. This applies to single-phase electrical wiring, three-phase in the baths are almost not used and in this regard will not be mentioned in this article.

DBN B.2.5-2003. File for download in PDF format

Dnop 0.00-1.32-01. State regulatory act on labor protection. File for download in PDF format

What are there general requirements To wiring in the bath?

1. The placement of lamps, switches and sockets should be carried out along zones, the breakdown is made on the basis of the requirements of GOST R 50571.12-96. The first zone is strictly forbidden not only to install any electrical equipment, but also to lay cable lines. The furnaces for heating the premises are being built here, washbasins, showers, etc. The second zone is the most secure on the terms of operation of the equipment, there are fewer restrictions in it and additional requirements. In the third and fourth zones it is allowed to lay cables with insulation stability of at least + 170 ° C.

   

   

2. To mount electrical wiring in the baths it is strictly forbidden to use universal flat wires (PUNP).

   

   The fact is that state standards have not yet been developed for these wires, each enterprise has the right to enjoy its technical specifications (TU). As an objective market analysis shows, all PUNP wires on that to one degree or another do not meet the requirements of GOST 22483-77, which regulates the electrical resistance of conductive conductors. The number of fires arising due to these cables exceeds 65% of all emergencies due to electrical equipment.

   

3. The lighting switch is also desirable to mount in the vestibule or recreation area.

   

   

GOST R 50571.12-96. File for download in PDF format

PUN Cable prices

pUNP Cable

Step-by-step electrical installation instructions in the bath

For example, we will look at the most difficult option, it can be significantly simplified with regard to the characteristics of the bath and the requirements of developers.

Step 1. Connecting an input cable (feed cable). It is fed to the shield from above and joins the introductory machine. Cut-off parameters are calculated separately, taking into account the total power of consumers. Specific tips are given below in this article. Blue and gray wires join the entrance to the machine, yellow-green on the grounding bus.

Connecting the power cable. On the upper terminals of the introductory diffusionatat, we start the veins of gray and blue. And the dwelling of yellow-green color on the grounding tire.

Step 2. If there are additional compartments in the shield for individual rooms or consumer groups, then feed meals. Standard position - inlet, output from below.

Eleterters and the wires from it in plastic boxes

Practical advice. In dry rooms, it is better to mount the wiring in ordinary plastic boxes, in wet rooms it is recommended to protect them with polymer pipes. This is not a categorical requirements of standards, but recommendations of experienced electricians.

Step 3. Wiring lighting and sockets in the washing room.

Keep in mind that the degree of protection of cases from moisture penetration and dust must comply with the international standard of at least an IP 44 in zones 2 and 3. Such a housing protects against the penetration of solid particles of more than one millimeter and does not allow leaks from droplets falling onto the surface under any angle.

You can make the wiring using a 3 × 1.5 cable, stretch it to the distribution box.

Cable connection circuit 3 × 1.5 cable. The cable is extended to the junction box. Veins are marked

Two-housing cable WGng 2 × 1.5 drop into the switch, one lived joins the upper terminal of the device, and the second to the bottom.

The 2 × 1.5 VVGng cable is lowered to a classic switch. One lived is connected on top, another bottom. The veins are marked with l and lcvet

Thus, in one position of the button, the electrical circuit is broken, and in the second, the light is connected and the light lights up. Carefully inspect the housing before installing the switch, it indicates the position of the button when the button is closed and opening the contacts. According to the standard, the light should be turned on at the top position of the switch button. Another nuance - a phase is always joined to the switch, and not zero. This makes it possible to safely change the lighting devices in case of failure without disconnecting the common machine.

The junction cable is performed 3x1.5 to the installation site of the alleged lamp. Veins label

Step 4. Swipe the cable from the box to the lamp, in the wall you need to drive a hole and insert a piece of tube into it. The free space between the wires and the pipe walls is recommended to fill in a special non-combustible composition.

Insert metal sleeves inserted into the hole

Important. All locations of the cables in other rooms should be made only in a metal pipe, it completely eliminates mechanical damage to cables.

In the box, connect the ends of the cables of the same color. It is important to know that not all manufacturers are withstanding standard cable colors if you have such a situation, then during installation they are recommended to marry. This can be done with small stickers or colored markers.

If your own circuit breaker is connected to the lighting, then at the last stage of installation, the wiring must be connected to the power and its terminals.

IN distribution shield We connect the gray cable vein to the bottom terminal of the circuit breaker. Blue custody to zero tire. Yellow-green to grounding tire

Keep in mind that installing junction boxes, switches and sockets in the steam room are strictly prohibited. This fittings are mounted at the entrance to the room.

Step 5. Lighting in the steam room is better to do low-voltage, although it is an optional requirement. Lighting devices on 220 V must have a special protected housing.

For low-voltage lighting, you need to install a lowering transformer and power on the light bulbs from it. Technical parameters of transformers should be selected based on the required output voltage and the total power of all consumers.

To reduce the voltage, a lowering transformer is used, which is selected in accordance with the required output voltage, the power of the plug-in lighting devices

Remember that the transformer is very hard at the limit, in such operating conditions, it quickly fails. Always buy equipment with power reserve, due to this approach increases the reliability and duration of the functioning of the instruments.

Swipe a two-core cable from the transformer to the box, you will start the cables from the light bulbs and switch.

Laying two-core cable to the distribution box

Wire connection circuit in the junction box. The veins are cleaned and marked. Next, the cable is lowered to the switch

Important. The paired light is carried out only with the use of a special heat-resistant cable, such requirements are written in existing regulatory acts.

Laying the heat-resistant PRX cable to the alleged place of installation of the lamp. The sleeve must be filled with a non-burning composition.

Step 6. Installing outlets. You can also provide a separate automatic machine in the camshaft. It is allowed to install the sockets only in zones 2 and 3, the housings must be protected at least IP 44.

Installation of outlets and junction boxes in the washer is allowed only in zone 2 and 3

From the camshaft, a 3 × 1.5 jn cable is laid to the first junction box.

Further, the wire is fed to all the rest, for each room there should be its own distribution box (Bermann box). From the box of the cores are paired to sockets, their ends are cleaned and connected to the appropriate terminals.

After connecting, close the rosette faceplate.

Step 7. All the ends of the cables of the same color or with the same labels in the junction boxes are connected using terminal shots.

The use of terminals instead of a twist is safer and convenient

Important. If there is powerful in the bath electrical devices, them technical specifications Can affect the cross section of cables. Carefully check with the developed tables of cable cross-section from the current strength.

If the wires are located nearby electric stoves, they need to be protected by a metal pipe. But at the first opportunity, use other, more safe methods Connecting powerful thermal devices.

Some modern heating elements have an automatic control and protection system, the connection of these devices should be made taking into account the attached manual instructions.

Connecting an oven controller (temperature sensor)

The thermostat connection scheme. Terminals 1 and 2

The thermostat connection scheme. Terminals 3 and 4

Connection diagram temperature sensor. Terminals 6 and 7

Cable cables 4x1.5 cable at the corresponding screw terminals. Lived brown color To the terminal with marking L. Blue to the terminal N. Gray - A1. Black - A2.

Two wires to each terminal are connected to the lower terminals of the dipaptime. One pair of wires are used to connect to the starter. The second pair is used to connect to screw terminals L and N. The veins with the insulation of gray and blue colors of the three-core cable WGN, which is intended for powering the electrocamenakes, are connected to the starter, and the dwelling of yellow-green color on the ground bus

Wiring diagram in steam room and pre-tribades

After the installation is completed, you need to charmingly ring the wiring and check the correctness and reliability of all connections

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electroker

What electrical equipment can be in the bath

Energy networks are issued by simplified scheme permission to connect no 15 kW per part, it is desirable to provide for the total power of consumers of electrical energy of the bath and residential structure so that it does not exceed the specified limit. Otherwise, you will have to receive a special permission, and it is not always given. It will be necessary to order a project in specialized organizations in which the existing reserve capacity of transformers are taken into account, the parameters of the installed lines, etc. Such works take a lot of time and money, and the results are often unpredictable. As for single-phase or three-phase wiring, it is still much more complicated here. Before making a final decision, it is recommended to visit the RES and consult with the responsible representatives of the organization.

What cables to use for wiring in the bath

The diameter of the cables is selected based on the possible maximum power, there are special tables for this. For single-phase input, the wiring is made with a CIP 2 × 16 cable, for three-phase SIP 4 × 16. Experienced electricians advise not to save on the section of conductive lived, the difference in the value is insignificant, and there can be a lot of problems.

1. No one ever can accurately provide the total power of current consumers for a long-term perspective. Such situations cause wiring overload and may cause fires.
2. Cables should only be from the well-known and confidence manufacturers. Unattended products do not withstand the same cross-section of wires along the entire length, it varies in the range of 20-30% and only in a smaller side. This means that if the cross section is indicated, for example, 10 mm 2, then actually you should navigate 8 mm 2.

Prices for cable SIP

cable SIP

Video - About Bath Cables

How many machines required for a bath

At the same time, a very difficult and very simple question. From the point of view of electricians, the more, the better. These are their profits, they are trying to increase it with all possible means. The masters will assure developers that protective electrical fittings are required for each room in the bath, separately for sockets and all powerful consumers. From a large amount of RAM there is no harm as not and benefit. In practice, it is enough to put one machine at the entrance, it triggers when the calculated load is exceeded or when a short circuit occurs. There is no need to protect each room separately and the outlet. It should be understood that each connection has its own negative sides - Because of the poor quality connection, the connection point is heated. And this can cause wiring or battery malfunctions.

How best to connect the bath: underground or air cable?

There is no particular council for all cases, each method has its strengths and weaknesses.

Type of connection	Technical and operational features
	Air connection cables are used, the defense is made of special solid ultraviolet radiation resistant. Can withstand significant temperature differences, differ in high characteristics of physical strength. The cheapest and simple view of the connection of the bath to the network, reliability fully complies with the existing requirements. The only drawback is not to all developers like the electric lines hanging over the site.
	Very expensive and complex method. For laying need to purchase a special underground cable With an armored shell, in trenches it is provided for a sand layer to compensate for seasonal soil swelling during freezing / size. Keeping trenches often have manually, and it is difficult and long. In addition, if the site has already been executed landscape design, after frustration, the trenches will have to restore its initial state.

As can be seen from the table, there are many individual factors on solutions, all of them should be considered.

Before starting work, make a circuit wiring scheme in the bath, on which show the placement in all rooms of sockets, switches, lamps and other electrical equipment. Specify the power of each device on the diagram.

To determine the cross section of wires, you can focus on such information:

• If only lamps are installed in the bath, the wiring must withstand 2 kW. You can use 1.5 mm 2 cable (3x1.5 mm).
• If you plan to install a washing machine, a boiler, a fluff, a hairdryer, a calculated power - 5 kW plus 20% of the reserve. The VNGNG-LS cable is suitable with a 3x4 cross section (4 mm 2) or 3x2.5 copper cable, which can withstand 5 kW.
• Electric furnace for the steam room consumes 10-20 kW. To determine the cross-section of power wiring powerful devices, use the reference tables, where the power of the electrical appliances and the cable cross sections are commensurate.
• If you decide to stretch the wiring in the bath with your own hands, show electrical circuit Baths and its calculations of the sections of the electrically conductive electrics.

Wires for electric stoves for bath

Must withstand up to 170 degrees. Single wires are suitable for the extreme conditions of the CPC, PMTK, PRKS or RKGM. It is allowed to place a mounting box in front of the steam room, it is possible to stretch the wires from the TD 3x2.5 type shield, and stretch the cable of the PMTK type from the box to the oven.

Installation of electric panel in the bath

Electricity in the bath is supplied in the same way as in other rooms - from the electrical tailor. Protective shutdown devices (UZO), a common switch and exhaust switches are mounted. Uzo and automata must be commensurate with the load on each wire.

When installing, follow the following rules:

• The shield must be located in a dry place protected from random moisture ingress, for example, in the pre-tribbon.
• The device is fixed to the wall at a distance of at least 1.4 m from the floor.
• The approach to the device should always remain free.
• The product should be well ventilated.
• Shield Install on a well-lit place.

If one is planned to be carried out single-phase wiring, buy a three-core cable that connects to the shield as follows:

1. Phase vein connect to the upper terminal of the inlet machine. Usually the braid of this core of gray, but in old wires plastic white or brown. Through distribution shoes, the phase veins per capita on the inclusion machine.
2. Zero core (blue or blue) Connect to the zero block.
3. Clauses in the terminals well hold down so that there is no overheating in the contact places.
4. Grounding (yellow-green braid) Connect to the protective block.
5. Cables at the inlet and outlet from the shield set in the corrugation.
6. Machines are selected depending on electrical equipment and voltage in the network. If the total capacity is 6 kW, and the voltage is 220 W, the machine must be 6000/220 \u003d 27 A, taking into account the reserve - 32 A.
7. Extending machines for groups of electrical appliances calculate in the same way. Under each machine, make an inscription for which equipment it responds. Input, choose depending on the total power

Rules for securing wires in the bath

When installing wiring in the bath, follow these rules:

• Wiring in a bath from wood, spend over the walls along the shortest path to the instruments. Under the wire, install a sheet asbestos 10-15 mm wide and a thickness of 3 mm.
• In the wooden bath of the wires to the electrical appliances, drive through the attic, not on the plinths.
• If the walls are brick, hide the wires under the plaster.
• Can not be placed wires in pVC pipesas well as in metal pipes. For wiring, use a special plastic tube, it does not burn, only melts.
• Wires place vertically and horizontally, without inflection and twisting.
• It is recommended to make wiring in one piece, without intermediate connections. If you need a wire, connect soldering or welding.
• To stretch the wires through the walls, use pipes from polyvinyl chloride plastic. Install one wire into the tube. After the installation of the hole in the walls in the walls, close in porcelain bushings and funnels.
• When installing wiring in the bath, do not secure the cables opposite the doors and is closer than 50 cm from metal parts.
• You can not place cables above the furnace.

Features of the arrangement of sockets and switches for the bath

It is forbidden to place outlets, switches and junction boxes in the sauna and washer due to the risk of short circuit. They are installed in a pre-tribbon or rest room.

In the baths are allowed to use products in a splash-proof version with no less IP-44 protection. Purchase fully closed electrical appliances. Entering products should be only from the bottom, with the U-shaped knee, so that the condensate does not get inside the mechanism.

Use outlets with protective covers. Devices are attached at a height of 90 cm from the floor. Always apply protective reassembly.

Using lamps in bathroom steam

Features of the use of lamps in the bath are as follows:

• In wet rooms it is allowed to use twelve-volt halogen light bulbs.
• Voltage 12 V creates a lowering transformer, which is set outside the steam room. The main condition - position the device away from moisture and steam away.
• Use heat-resistant wires in the steam room, for example, SILFEX SIF S \u003d 0.25-185 mm 2, single-core with silicone insulation.
• Wire in steam room is attached at a distance of at least 0.8 m from the chimney and the furnace.
• Floor Lamp Choose glass, housing - metallic. After installing it is necessary to ground it.
• Plastic elements are not allowed in the luminaires, they can melt.
• Fixtures Install on the walls, because under the ceiling is a high temperature.
• In the steam room for security purposes, there are no lamps of daylight.
• Lamps buy hermetic and moisture-proof.
• The best option is considered the complete absence of electrical equipment in the steam room. Lighting can be organized from outside, for example, putting glass doors in the steam room.

The easiest way to make wiring in the bath is safe, and the lighting is original, consists in the installation of point lights into the wall near the floor, because in this space will always be cooler. Lighting is obtained unusual and mysterious. The wire to the point luminaires are summarized through special plastic pipes.

In the pre-tribbon and recreation room, installing lamps with a capacity of up to 75 W and the protection class of at least IP-44.

Revision wiring in the bath

Under normal conditions, aluminum wires have a shelf life of 15 years, copper - 20 years, after the expiration of the shelf life, they must change. In the bath of the wires are located in extreme conditions, farewell before. The audit of cables in the bath is carried out every 4 years, this is considered a guarantor of security.

Video on the features of the use of electrical wiring in the bath:

The correct wiring of wiring in the bath provides a comfortable and safe vacation in the room. If you do work yourself, carefully read the Pue (rules of the device of electrical installations) in the part that refers to wet rooms.

The bath is a great place where everyone can clean their body, relieve stress and gain strength. In the wooden room of the bath there is a furnace, which turns it into a source of high fire hazard. In addition to the furnace, there is a wiring in the bath, which only increases the risk of fire. Often the safety of resting people depends on the quality of the wires and their installation.

Summing up the power cable

Before making wiring in a bath and a steam, you need to correctly test power cable. This can be made underground or air. The last fastest and most profitable, from an economic point of view. For power cable underground You will need more time and money.

Air installation method

If you have chosen a air way, you need to consider hard requirements regarding heights Cable location. Among them are the following:

1. The distance from the cable to the pedestrian part should be more than 3.5 m.
2. The cable must be located at an altitude of at least six meters over the carriageway.
3. The distance between the supports on which the cable is attached should not exceed 25 m. Otherwise, an additional support should be installed.
4. The power cable inlet to the bath must be made at an altitude of at least 2.75 m.

For air The method of summing up SIP 4 (self-supporting insulating wire) without a carrier cable. Watch out to be song section Aluminum was equal to sixteen square millimeters. Depending on your chosen input (two-phase or three-phase), will change quantity He lived in cable.

The fastening of the cable can be carried out to the outside of the bathhouse. Before it should be placed in plastic box or corrugation. At the site of entering the cable in the building is established boxing With a switch placed in it. This is done due to the fact that the rules prohibited Enter a siep into the bathroom.

Use four or two-band screws-machine. This selection depends on the number of phases. The cable will be supplied directly to the switch, and the cable will be released from it, which will be used for wiring in the bath building. The hole in the wall to which the cable will be performed must be reinforced with a metal tube with grounding. Use other tubes (for example, rubber) is unsafe, since over time they will become fragile and lose their insulating properties.

Power cable You can bring a bath building using steel tubes:

1. To prevent moisture from entering, the top of the pipe must be curved by a semir.
2. The bottom end is fixed with a slight bias. It will be enough to reject him towards the street for ten degrees.
3. The pipe is painted and a hole is drilled in its bottom to leak the accumulated condensate.
4. The top of the pipes are fixed with through bolts, and the rest of the rest is the clamps to the bathhouse.
5. The power cable will be fastened with wire to pins with insulators, which must be on the pipe. Choose aluminum wire for cable SIP.
6. Wires that will be wiring inside the bath must be allowed Pue.

Description of the underground option

Such a way of supply is more expensive than air. However, the line laid under the ground is reliably protected from damage and serves longer than air. When swaying underground, it is necessary to use a more expensive WBBSHB cable (armored with copper veins). It is much stronger than the SIP, because of the two shells located between the two shells.

To lay the underground part of the cable, you need to drench the trench of at least 70 cm. The bottom of the trench is filled with ten centimeters of sand, which is put on the cable. From above covered with sand and put a row of bricks. They are used for more reliable cable protection.

For vertical cable lowering, corners and metal tubes are used. Entering the building is carried out in the same way as with air connection.

Project electrical wiring

First of all, you need to make an electrician circuit in the bath. If you are not a hundred percent sure of success, then trust this business a professional having experience like this. There are no two completely identical baths, therefore the distribution project and installation of electrical appliances is individual for each.

Before drawing up the circuit, it is necessary to clearly decide what will be connected (single-phase or three-phase). Most often use a single-phase network, but if the bath is planned to use powerful heating devices, it is better to give preference to three-phase. Single-phase will withstand the load to 14kW, and three-phase - up to 42 kW.

At the drawing stage, it is worth it to think good and weigh all the pros and cons of the future project. It is important to clearly decide the number of electrical appliances that will be connected to the network, and their name. All this will help more accurately determine the amount of the required wire, safety devices and their parameters.

The electrical wiring project must include circuit breakers and protective shutdown devices. The scheme should be visible to the principle on which all parts of the chain will be connected. At this stage it is important to avoid mistakes. If it is possible, you will not have any problems with wiring.

Before proceeding with the choice of electrical equipment and wires, it is important to consider that they will all be operated in conditions of high humidity and temperature. It will be advisable to apply materials and equipment that have a security class of at least IP24.

Hard requirements are presented to the cable in the bath. This is especially true in the wiring and washer. For them, you should choose a wire that is able to withstand temperatures up to 180 degrees. Also, the wiring in the pair must carry high humidity.

Based on the loads on individual lines and the entire network as a whole, select the automatic power off devices. All these parameters must be displayed in the project scheme. Each of the selected power off devices should be triggered under certain conditions.

When choosing outlets and lighting devices, it should be considered:

1. The degree of security according to GOST (IP-44 / IP-65).
2. The presence of rubber seals.
3. Lamps should be protected from water hugs.
4. The base of the lamp must be made of corrosion-resistant materials.
5. The lamp lamp must have high strength heat-resistant glass.
6. Do not use daylight lamps.

LED lamps are best suitable for the washing. They shine well and allow you to save on electricity.

Installation: Step-by-step instructions

After all the materials are purchased and the project has been developed, you can proceed to install wiring. This work is responsible and requiring increased attention.

It is necessary to follow the next step by step instructions and electrical wiring rules in the bath:

1. Installation is best done in an open way. In practice, it is proved that this is a convenient and very safe solution. The only room where the hidden way can be used is a steam room. Open wiring is easily accessible and, if necessary, you can easily make it repair. For greater safety and durability, the wire is passed through a corrugated pipe or plinths.
2. All safety devices are mounted in the separation shield. It should be well protected from moisture and is made of special materials. The electrical stops are placed as close as possible to the exit, as the door has the smallest temperature and humidity. All wires that pass through the separation box must be passed through the corrugated pipe. All fastenings of wires must be reliable to avoid their heating, shield - well grounded.
3. In no case cannot use sockets and switches in the steam room. It will be enough to place them in the rest room and the pre-tribbon. Each of them should have protective covers.
4. All cables must be minimal. It is important to correctly and reliably ground each used electrical appliance.
5. All wires must be connected using terminals or soldering. Putting the cable only in the horizontal and vertical direction, and at the place of the transition should withstand a straight angle.

Bath is a wonderful place to relax and recovery. To get the maximum pleasure from staying in it, you need not only to withstand all the nuances of construction, but also to hold the wiring. Only in this case you will fully enjoy the atmosphere and charge the energy for several days ahead.