In this fifth part of our series of articles on the water supply of urban apartments, we will talk about this, of course, a useful device as a water pressure reducer. Pressure reducer or water pressure regulator - This is a device that helps limit pressure in the water supply system. It allows us to preserve the integrity of pipes, cranes, flexible supply, mixers, prevent emergency situations associated with leakage and breaking of the water supply system, which are the consequences of "hydrowards". And also reduces water consumption, which is also very important. Pressure reducer must be installed if the maximum pressure in the water supply system exceeds the maximum operating pressure of the nutritional system or permissible pressure For reinforcement or appliances.
Pressure gearboxes or water pressure regulators using a method for maintaining a given pressure parameter are divided into 2 types:If there is a need to maintain pressure at a continuous duct of water in the pipeline, then a regulator operating on the dynamics is required. If the waterscence is uneven (for example, an apartment, a house, some types of equipment), then a gearbox operating in statics is used. The pressure controller, working in statics, will always maintain the predetermined pressure "after itself".
Pressure Reducer Scheme
Let's consider the principle of pressure regulators. Spring pressure reduction regulators operate on the principle of alignment of effort. The aperture of the diaphragm counteracts the strengthen spring force. If the output pressure and, therefore, the aperture force is reduced due to water-based, the greater the magnitude of the spring force forces the valve open. In this case, the output pressure increases until the elastic force of the spring is equalized by a diaphragm force. Inlet pressure does not affect the opening or closing of the valve, so fluctuations input pressure Do not affect the output pressure. Thus, the input pressure balancing is ensured. The installation of pressure regulators is not recommended independently, as it requires certain knowledge and skills. Consider the scheme for the connection of pressure reducers into the water supply system of the apartment.
1-mechanical coarse filter; 2 - check valve; 3 - HBS and Hydh counters; 4 - washing filter; 5 - pressure reducer.
The installation of gearboxes is made in the highway of the cold and hot water supply of the apartment. Set pressure gearboxes preferably on the horizontal portion of the pipeline, but mounting on the vertical one is allowed. To ensure trouble-free operation of the gearbox, it is necessary to install a mechanical cleaning filter. Usually the gearbox is mounted at the water meter. Behind the gearbox should provide a pipeline of the same diameter with a length of 5 xdu. To ensure the possibility of adjusting and servicing the gearbox, shut-off valves are installed. If safety valves are provided in the system, the prescribed pressure on the gearbox output must be 20% lower than the pressure of the opening valves.
The installation of the required pressure at the reduction output is made at zero waterborne (all points of water-based should be closed). The rotation of the gearbox mounting head to the side "+" (clockwise) increases the pressure of the gearbox, rotation to the side "-" (counterclockwise) - lowers. The diameter of the pressure gearbox is selected based on the expected flow of water, and not from the diameter of the existing pipeline. The prescribed pressure reducer does not require any special service. However, it takes from time to time to clean the filter grid and the gearbox saddle. All wear details (grid, membrane) are easily changed without dismantling the gearbox case.
To protect the water supply system from increased pressure and to prevent certain elements for its prevention, the pressure gearboxes are set. These devices are able to adjust the flow rate of water, in the ratio with the existing pressure. About how to properly install a pressure reducer of water Talk further.
The main function of the water pressure reducer is the adjustment of the water transportation rate in the water supply system. As the main part of the gearbox, pressure sensors set by mechanisms that limit the water supply are performed. Several types of pressure gearboxes are separated. In relation to the structure, they are:
In addition, gearboxes differ in the ratio with their throughput. Depending on this indicator, these devices are capable of passing from 1 to 15 cubes of water.
The water pressure generator body is steel, brass, chrome or nickel-plated. Some devices can pass only cold water, others are intended for hot water. Depending on the method of attachment, the gearboxes are fixed on the surface with flanges or threads.
The principle of operation of the water reducer implies water pressure on the surface of the spring-loaded membrane. In relation to the sensor parameters, the pressure is optimized. With insufficient water pressure, the membrane remains fixed. With a large resistance, the membrane is moved and affects the surface of the piston or valve.
With high hydraulic blows, the pressure in the plumbing system increases several times. In a ratio with air, water is not compressed, so too high pressure leads to the failure of the water supply equipment.
The piston in aggregate with sensors can organize a closed space that can respond to pressure jumps in the system and prevent them. Since the pressure sensors are located near the pistons or valves, the system begins to limit the water supply and neutralizes the hydraulic blows.
If there are no filters and water in the system, the presence of inclusions or dirt is distinguished, the body part and the gearbox are subjected to rapid wear. At the same time, there is a significant decrease in the efficiency of the system. Coarse and fine filters must be present in any water supply system. Thus, it is possible to achieve improvement of the efficiency of the equipment.
In relation to the principles of work, pressure reducers are divided into static and dynamic. The first option implies the installation of them in places with an uneven water fence. The second option of the gearbox is relevant to continuously maintain a certain pressure in the system.
Among the advantages of installation of pressure reducer, we note:
In relation to the basic element of pressure adjustment, gearboxes are membrane or piston. We offer to familiarize yourself with the benefits of membrane gearboxes:
However, during the operation of the membrane pressure gearboxes, membranes, cracks and gaps, which derive the equipment are appear. Therefore, the membrane needs periodic monitoring of its condition.
The piston system is characterized by such advantages:
There are also a flow variants of water pressure reduces. They regulate the pressure in the inner maze. Most often, they are used for watering systems. The cost of such devices is an order of magnitude lower than piston or membrane. However, for their installation, you must additionally install an additional valve at the input to the system.
Improper exploitation of such a device leads to the emergence of corrosion and quickly spoilement. If small grain chinks or other contamination products fall into the gearbox, the efficiency of the device is broken.
In order to prevent damage to various water-powered devices, it is recommended to install water pressure reducers in residential buildings and apartments. In addition, they protect these devices from water leaks and increase their life.
Waters are widely used in industrial industries. They are able to adjust the pressure in the system on factories, factories.
Choosing a pressure reducer of water, pay attention to its characteristics:
All these factors will help you choose an optimal device suitable for individual features of its application.
We recommend installing Tomasetto reducer, which is characterized by good operational characteristics and high quality. The gearbox has an electromagnetic valve and a built-in filtration system. Therefore, in the process of its installation there is no need to install filters. Reductors are able to maintain optimal pressure in the system.
The process of installation of the water reducer is rather simple, with certain sanitary equipment and skills to work with it. It is recommended to install the gearbox horizontally, thus, its high performance is ensured.
In the absence of shut-off valves in the system, before starting work, install them. During the work, it will take the presence of a gearbox itself, two or three locking valves, filters that clean the water, a distributive key, a pacle and composition that ensures that it is absorbed.
The process of installation of the gearbox implies the execution of such actions:
On this, the installation of the gear is complete, however, in order for the device to work correctly, you must take care of its correct configuration. Initially, close the crane at the login and open the output crane. Rotate the screw to adjust the instrument clockwise with a special key. Thus, the pressure in the system will increase. Next twist B. reverse side, gradually reducing the pressure. The value of the pressure should not exceed three atmospheres.
Note that the diameter of the device should be the same as the size of the pipes in the house. If you have acquired a gearbox that does not suit the diameter to the pipes, the situation is corrected by the acquisition of special adapters. In addition, buying reducer, do not forget about two valves and filter.
Installation of the water reducer is recommended to perform on a horizontal pipeline. At the same time, the manometer of the device must be vertically. However, sometimes cases are allowed when the gearbox is installed on vertical areas of pipes. Before installing the device, it is necessary to install a filter that provides coarse cleaning. If this is not done, then small grain grains and dirt from the water will fall inside the gearbox. The life of the device will decrease several times.
Installing the water pressure regulator in the system is comparable to the mounting of the meter itself. Initially, it is necessary to overlap water and cut part of the pipe. Next, the installation of shut-off valves is made, with the help of which water is blocked if necessary. The regulator is installed strictly vertically. Use Fumelight to seal connections.
The gearbox is installed behind the counter, the valve with the filter is mounted between them. After mounting the gearbox, the second valve is mounted. With the help of the valves, it is possible to control the state of the pressure reducer and make it disassembly, if necessary.
Next, you must configure the gearbox. The first input valve must be opened, and the second is closed. To increase and reduce pressure, the adjusting screw is needed by a special key. In order for the device to work correctly and efficiently, periodically clean it from dirt and check its condition.
The gearbox for gas equipment allows you to adjust and, if necessary, reduce the pressure in the fuel supply system. Distinguished three types of such gearboxes;
The first option involves the supply of gas in the mixer with a vacuum method. The second variant of the gearbox implies the feedback system that determines the type of composition is supplied to the system.
Before installing the gearbox for gas equipment You must familiarize yourself with the instructions from the manufacturer. Reducer is a very important component of gas-balcony equipment.
The gearbox is installed in a strictly vertical position. Otherwise, its efficiency is reduced.
Most often, gearboxes for gas equipment are installed on cars. The following recommendations will help correctly set the pressure reducer:
Installing the gearbox according to the above scheme will provide high-quality and long-term operation for a long time. At the same time, it is possible to save fuel, and optimize the pressure in the system.
When choosing a gas filter, we recommend paying attention to the fuel heating function when it outputs. Thus, the efficiency of the device is ensured. The main functions of such a device is the adjustment of the pressure on idling and setting gas flows.
The article is talking about the adjustment of the water pressure regulator in the apartment.
The area of \u200b\u200bits application is described. The concept of the device is revealed.
The technical characteristics and principle of operation are presented.
The article has instructions, how to adjust the regulator, as well as photo and video.
Time does not stand still. The technologies with which devices come to us are, including aimed at minimizing expenses, improving ecology and control relating to various household situations.
It will be about the device of a small size that plays almost a dominant role in the fight against hydrowards, adjusting and controlling water pressure to a neutral value.
Adjusting device apply:
Instruments designed control water pressure Conditionally can be divided:
They provide fluid flow control in systems installed on industrial enterprises. Used in main pipelines.
Most often mounted in places with unstable feed and uneven water consumption. This is a private sector and residential high-rise buildings.
FEATURE. The device is installed at the entrance to the apartment or house.
Pressure adjustment gearboxes divide:Existing
Work on the principle when there are no pressure, they are closed.
With an increase in pressure at the inlet, they control and limit the maximum level of incoming water. The existing regulators call "to themselves."
The second type of regulating device is called "after itself."
When there is no pressure - it is in the open position. In case of increasing the set maximum output pressure - closes.
Statistical
The regulator controls the pressure on an ongoing basis at the output.
The first step is the choice of regulating device. To make the right decision on its purchase in the store, you need to know the approximate water consumption in the apartment.
Before purchasing the device, read technical informationlocated in the attached price list.
If, the diameter of the purchased gearbox does not coincide with the indicators of the plumbing pipe, nothing terrible. You can buy and use adapters. You need to buy and stock up with two valves.
NOTE! If you use in the system of safety valves, the pressure at the output of the instrument is required by 20% less than the indicators of protected devices.
The pressure drops in the water supply system often become the cause of sanitary devices malfunctions, which leads to water leaks of various kinds. To prevent pressure drops in pipelines and protect the shut-off valves and the system of pipelines from the impulses, the water pressure regulator must be installed. Adjusting the pressure of water in the water supply system is carried out in newly built residential buildings.
This device is used to maintain water pressure in a specific range. The pressure regulator levels it, reducing its value with an increase, and increasing when falling. By device, such regulators are divided into two types.
Such a fixture device is called "to ourselves." This type of instrument acts on the principle of adjusting the passage section. When the pressure is reduced, the valve opens, performing greater freedom to pass water. With increasing pressure, the valve closes, which helps deteriorate water, as a result, the pressure in the system decreases. Valve control is performed by servo drive.
Such regulatory devices are called proportional. Their property to skip water is proportional to the change in pressure from the norm. Such a pressure reducer of water in the water supply system is usually mounted on pumping stations. At home, they are practically not used.
Such devices experts gave the name "after themselves". The operation of such a device is similar to the previously discussed device. It also changes the size of the pipe cross section, increasing or reducing the pressure in it. In this case, the change in the position of the valve is carried out on the energy of water pressure.
The control valve is located in such a way that the membrane is rotated towards the outgoing flow of water. On the other hand, a spring rests into the membrane, counteracting the power of water pressure. During a decrease in pressure, the spring becomes weaker and open the valve, giving the water passage. When the working pressure in the water supply system increases, on the contrary, the spring compression occurs, and as a result, the water passage overlaps. The device has a simple design, compact and reliable housing. This makes it possible to widely apply it to control the pressure in the home water supply system.
Household regulators are membrane and piston. The second of them have high sensitivity to water quality and use only for mounting auxiliary filters. The piston can jam from the penetration of dirt, as a result the device will not work.
Membrane regulators in this regard are more reliable and used in any water supply networks. But when using them, it is necessary to ensure that the membrane is a whole, when carrying out maintenance on the manufacturer's recommendations.
When choosing a regulator, you need to pay attention to the technical parameters:
The output pressure is selected according to the characteristics of household devices. Most often choose RDV on 4 atmospheres. To control the pressure of cold water, you should choose a regulator with a working temperature of no more than 40 degrees, and for hot water you can choose a temperature of up to 130 degrees.
To guarantee convenient maintenance and easy access to the RDV, the locking cranes are installed before the regulator and after it. The regulator is installed after the place of entering the pipe into the building, but in front of water meters. To optimally set up the operation of the RDV, it is supplied with a pressure gauge.
Proper water supply work is an important attribute of people's comfort comfort. Often you have to organize your network of water supply, since it is not everywhere there central system. To improve the life of the equipment connected to the water supply system, the pressure sensor is installed.
This device is different in a different pressure relay. Usually pumping stations They have such a device. The sensor is configured in advance in the factory conditions. It should provide a normal frequency of launch and stopping the water pump.
If the sensor is normally configured and running, the pump will work for a long time. Otherwise, the pump will quickly overheat and fail.
The trading network offers a large number of foreign and domestic instruments for water supply systems. There are simple domestic models, and expensive options for foreign manufacturers.
All sensors are divided into two types:
The first view has a membrane that reacts to water pressure, closes the contacts. With a slight pressure, the pump is turned on, and when it turns off as low.
Electronic sensors send a signal to the regulatory system on how much the membrane is deformed. This information is processed, and a command is issued to shut down or turn on the water pump. Such a device has a high sensitivity to pressure deviation, and is equipped with special protection when there is no water.
Water pressure sensor can be called a pressure relay in a different way. It looks like a black plastic housing with fittings. The hydraulic battery is connected to them.
In some cases, the relay is installed in conjunction with a pressure gauge on the pump housing. Inside the housing includes wires from the pump coil. If you open the lid, you can see the insides - two vertical springs located on the metal plate. Springs are adjusted water pressure.
There is also a group of contacts connected to the pump wiring. Springs have different diameter. The large spring is installed on the axis and fixed with a nut. If you rotate the nut, then you can configure the springs compression force. On the plate there are marks in the form of arrows, which orient the direction of rotation of the nut to perform the adjustment.
The membrane and relays are very sensitive to the rotation of the nut when adjusting the triggering. Therefore, you need to rotate the nut carefully. The small spring is necessary to adjust the difference between the water pressure and the launch of the pump. Under the metal plate is a high-pressure water membrane. The plate overcomes the force of the springs due to the water pressure than the contacts or closes the contacts.
The water pressure relay in the water supply system is rather simply adjusted. Typically, the adjustment is to be carried out in the following cases - with the introduction of water supply after repair, and when changing or modifying the hydroaccumulator and water supply.
Before you start adjusting, you must follow the following activities:
A positive factor of such relays includes reliable and simple design. If there are no air in the pipes and the trigger boundaries are normally configured, the device will work for a long time. The relay requires periodic maintenance and verification of mechanical nodes, cleaning and adjusting the contacts. It happens that the relay works unevenly, or not turns off on the triggering thresholds. In such a situation, it is necessary to gently knock on a wooden stick along the body of the device, and it will work.
Do not hurry to adjust the triggering of the device or buy a new relay. The reason may be trash or sand in the cavity of the membrane. To solve this issue it is necessary:
In addition to the membrane and contacts, you can lubricate the hinge thick lubricant. This operation can be made no more than once a year. Adjusting the relay trigger boundaries is simply performed if the system works normally, there are no water leaks in connections. If we consider that it is often necessary to clean and maintain water supply system, then you should figure out the problem of adjusting the relay, and independently control the operation of the relay as needed.
Legionells may be found in artificial and natural water systems. These are microorganisms living in water supply systems. In the hot water pipelines, a small concentration of legionell is usually a small concentration, but sometimes it increases sharply. There are conditions at which legionells in the hot water supply quickly multiply. This temperature in the range of 25-42 degrees, stagnation of water, precipitate in the pipes.
The virus is distributed in microbes communities, therefore dirty water is the cause of increasing incidence. To protect the water supply system from Legionell, you need to create a reliable water purification system. This will give the opportunity to reduce the number of microorganisms, respectively, for the reproduction of legionelle will not be among the power.
Today against legionella is usually used preliminary chlorination of water. If we consider the individual water supply system, legionells can multiply on open placesFor example, in cumulative tanks. If the water does not apply for a long time, the number of microorganisms in water will be too large, which increases the risk of infectious diseases.
To purify water, the water cleaning is performed, or deficulating devices are installed, for example, a coal filter, an ultraviolet emitter.
In the urban and industrial water supply systems, the pressure can significantly exceed the maximum value allowed for equipment connected to pipes, which often leads to its damage. When starting quite powerful pumps, water pipes A hydraulic blow arises, destroying water consumption instruments, main filters or leading to the occurrence of leaks and breaks of pipes.
Water pressure regulator (reducer) in the water supply system, real-time provides continuous maintenance of a given water pressure, located after it is a water supply highway.
Reducer reduces water pressure in the system to level required instruments Accounting (counters) for work, effectively prevents sharp pressure drops in the system (hydraulic blow) and prevents the occurrence of cavitation, the emergence and subsequent collapse of bubbles in the liquid leading to damage to the elements of the water supply system. In domestic water supply, the regulator contributes to a decrease in water consumption and a decrease in rather unpleasant sound (whistling) in the plumbing pipes.
Pressure regulator can be installed:
Before the regulator, the filter of coarse water purification should be installed in the highway. It successfully prevents the output of the gearbox due to damage to mechanical particles (sand, rust, etc.). Installing the gearbox should be carried out in the absence of water flow (all consumer valves are blocked). The plumbing behind the regulator must consist of a direct portion of the pipe, a length of at least three working diameters of the pipe.
In the district or household systems of water supply, pressure gauges are installed before and after the regulator. According to their pressure testimony, it is easy to judge the health of the gearbox, as well as to produce its precise configuration. Devices with built-in pressure control devices are installed to a manometer upwards on the horizontal section of the pipe.
For successful maintenance and replacement of the device, a stop valve is installed before it. At the time of maintenance of the regulator for uninterrupted water supply if this is of course, a bypass is required (bypass pipe connecting the plumbing in front of the gearbox and is directly related to it) that will not turn off the water supply.
When choosing a regulator, it is mainly worth paying attention to the pressure regulation range, temperature range and its bandwidth. More complete information about specifications Devices can be found in the passport.
Before purchasing, do not forget to get acquainted with the passport of the device. There must be fully information about the specifications.
If the rate of the input flow indicated in the passport of the device, the actual flow of water flow from the water supply line, cavitation zones can be formed in the regulator housing. Gradually, this effect may damage the device and the possible occurrence of rather unpleasant noise.
The water pressure reducer in the water supply system is usually equipped with one or more opposing springs designed to specify the required pressure, after the device. The device with one spring is adjustable in one relatively narrow range, the possible presence of multiple springs allows you to easily change the wide range of settings.
When purchasing the factory, the manufacturer independently produces a preliminary adjustment of the regulator, exposing pressure equal to 3 bar. If the factory setting does not satisfy the pressure parameters in the plumbing, the user must perform independent adjustment of the device.
Adjusting the mechanical device with a built-in pressure gauge is simple, smoothly turning the adjusting bolt, according to the testimony of the pressure gauge, set the necessary water pressure it should not exceed the smallest maximum allowable pressure of the consumer's instrument.
In the absence of a built-in pressure gauge, it should be installed at least one meter after the regulator, ideally, the pressure gauge must be two, to the regulator and after it. The maximum pressure of the pressure gauge should not be less than the maximum pressure in the plumbing. Without pressure control, the adjustment cannot be implemented.
When choosing a pressure gauge, there must be a supply of pressure of at least 20%, that is, if your maximum pressure that can be 5 bar then the pressure gauge must be 6 bar.
Reducing or increasing the operating pressure of the regulator is carried out by turning the adjusting screw, or counterclockwise. The screw is mechanically connected to the measuring organ of the device (valve or piston) and is located on the chassis of the regulator.
Many modern models The gearboxes are equipped with an adjusting handle, which rotates which you can quickly achieve changes in the position of the adjusting screw. In the absence of a similar handle, you must use a hexagon or a wrench. Some gearboxes have built-in fittings, for temporary installation of pressure gauges during commissioning.
Although the pressure regulator on the pipeline is not mandatory to install the device, however, many devices are unable to operate at high pressure in the water supply network. If your crane is equally equal to your crane, it is designed for a large pressure range, then the rest of the instruments are such as, a boiler, boiler, filters, etc. Maybe not anyway.
The use of this device protects the pipeline from hydraulic shocks, with a possible emergency situations (restart pumps). Therefore, the installation of the pressure regulator is recommended to each residential owner or production premises With the need for water supply.
