Sooner or later, many owners begin to think about alternative energy sources. We propose to consider what an autonomous fuel-free generator of Tesla, Hendershot, Romanov, Tariel Kanapadze, Smith, Bedini is, the principle of operation of the unit, its diagram and how to make a device with your own hands.
When using a fuel-free generator, an internal combustion engine is not required, since the device does not have to convert the chemical energy of the fuel into mechanical energy to generate electricity. This electromagnetic device works in such a way that the electricity generated by the generator is recycled back to the system through a coil.
Photo - Generator Kapanadze
Conventional power generators operate on the basis of:
1. Internal combustion engine, with piston and rings, connecting rod, spark plugs, fuel tank, carburetor, ... and
2.Using amateur motors, coils, diodes, AVRs, capacitors, etc.
The internal combustion engine in fuel-free generators has been replaced by an electromechanical device that takes power from the generator and, using the same, converts it into mechanical energy with an efficiency of more than 98%. The cycle repeats over and over. So the concept here is to replace the internal combustion engine, which depends on fuel, with an electromechanical device.
Photo - Generator circuit
The mechanical energy will be used to drive the generator and generate the current generated by the generator to power the electromechanical device. The non-fuel generator, which is used to replace the combustion engine, is designed in such a way that it uses less energy to output power from the generator.
Video: homemade fuel-free generator
Tesla's linear electric generator is the main prototype of the working device. The patent for it was registered in the 19th century. The main advantage of the device is that it can be built even at home using solar energy. An iron or steel plate is insulated with outer conductors, after which it is placed as high as possible in the air. Place the second plate in sand, earth or other grounded surface. The wire runs from a metal plate, the mount is made with a capacitor on one side of the plate and a second cable runs from the base of the plate to the other side of the capacitor.
Photo - Tesla fuel-free generator
Such a self-made fuel-free mechanical generator of free energy of electricity in theory is completely working, but for the real implementation of the plan it is better to use more common models, for example, the inventors Adams, Sobolev, Alekseenko, Gromov, Donald, Kondrashov, Motovilov, Melnichenko and others. It is possible to assemble a working device even when redeveloping any of the listed devices, it will come out cheaper than connecting everything yourself.
In addition to solar energy, you can use turbine generators that run without fuel on the energy of water. Magnets completely cover the rotating metal discs, and a flange and a self-powered wire are added to the device, which significantly reduces losses, thanks to which this heat generator works more efficiently than a solar one. Due to the high asynchronous vibrations, this wadded fuel-free generator suffers from vortex electricity, so it cannot be used in a car or for powering a home. the impulse can burn out motors.
Photo - Adams' fuel-free generator
But Faraday's hydrodynamic law also suggests using a simple perpetual generator. Its magnetic disk is divided into spiral curves that radiate energy from the center to the outer edge, reducing resonance.
In this high-voltage electrical system if there are two loops next to each other, the electric current moves along the wire, the current passing through the loop will create a magnetic field that will be radiated against the current passing through the second loop, creating resistance.
Exists two options doing work.
A generator is a device that produces a product, generates electricity, or creates electromagnetic, electrical, sound, light vibrations and pulses. Depending on their functions, they can be divided into types, which we will consider below.
In order to understand the principle of operation of the generator direct current, it is necessary to find out its main characteristics, namely, the dependences of the main quantities, which determine the operation of the device in the applied excitation circuit.
The main quantity is the voltage, which is influenced by the rotational speed of the generator, current excitation and load.
The basic principle of operation of a direct current generator depends on the effect of the division of energy on the magnetic flux of the main pole and, accordingly, on the voltage obtained from the collector with a constant position of the brushes on it. In devices that are equipped with additional poles, the elements are arranged in such a way that the current section completely coincides with geometric neutrality. Due to this, it will move along the line of rotation of the armature to the position of optimal commutation with the subsequent fixing of the brush holders in this position.
The principle of operation of an alternator is based on the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy due to the rotation of a wire coil in the created magnetic field. This fixture consists of a stationary magnet and a wire frame. Each of its ends is connected to each other using a slip ring that slides over an electrically conductive carbon brush. Due to such a circuit, the electric induced current begins to pass to the inner slip ring at the moment when half of the frame connecting to it passes by the north pole of the magnet and, conversely, to the outer ring at the moment when the other part passes by the north pole.
The most economical way, on which the principle of operation of an alternator is based, is strong output. This phenomenon is obtained by using a single magnet that rotates in relation to several windings. If inserted into a wire spool, it will induce an electric current, thus causing the galvanometer needle to deviate away from the "0" position. After the magnet is removed from the ring, the current will change its direction, and the arrow of the device will begin to deviate in the other direction.
Most often it can be found on the front of the engine, most of the work is to rotate the crankshaft. The new cars boast a hybrid type, which also serves as a starter.
The principle of operation of a car generator is to turn on the ignition, in which the current moves along the slip rings and is directed to the alkaline unit, and then goes to the excitation rewinding. As a result of this action, a magnetic field will be generated.
Together with the crankshaft, the rotor begins its work, which creates waves that penetrate the stator winding. An alternating current begins to appear at the rewind output. When the generator is operating in self-excitation mode, the rotational speed increases to a certain value, then in the rectifier unit the alternating voltage begins to change to constant. Ultimately, the device will provide consumers with the necessary electricity, and the battery - with current.
The principle of operation of an automobile generator is to change the speed of the crankshaft or change the load, at which the voltage regulator turns on, it controls the time when the excitation rewind is turned on. At the time of a decrease in external loads or an increase in rotor rotation, the period of turning on the excitation winding is significantly reduced. At the moment when the current increases so much that the generator ceases to cope, the battery begins to work.
In modern cars, there is a control lamp on the dashboard, which notifies the driver about possible deviations in the generator.
The principle of operation of an electric generator is to process mechanical energy into electric field... The main sources of such power can be water, steam, wind, and an internal combustion engine. The principle of operation of the generator is based on the joint interaction of the magnetic field and the conductor, namely, at the moment of rotation of the frame, the lines of magnetic induction begin to cross it, and at this time an electromotive force appears. It makes the current flow through the frame using slip rings and flow into the external circuit.
Today, an inverter generator is becoming very popular, the principle of which is to create an autonomous power source that produces high-quality electricity. Such devices are used as temporary as well as permanent power supplies. They are most often used in hospitals, schools and other institutions where even the slightest voltage surges should not be present. All this can be achieved using an inverter generator, the principle of operation of which is based on constancy and follows the following scheme:
The principle of operation of a diesel generator is to convert fuel energy into electricity, the main actions of which are as follows:
The principle of operation of a synchronous generator is based on the same purity of rotation of the magnetic field of the stator and rotor, which creates a magnetic field together with the poles, and it crosses the stator winding. In this unit, the rotor is a permanent electromagnet, the number of poles of which can start from 2 and higher, but they must be multiple of 2.
When the generator is started, the rotor creates a weak field, but after increasing the speed, a large force begins to appear in the excitation winding. The resulting voltage is fed through an automatic control unit to the device and controls the output voltage due to changes in the magnetic field. The main principle of the generator is the high stability of the outgoing voltage, but the disadvantage is the significant possibility of overcurrent. Even to the negative qualities, you can add the presence of a brush assembly, which is still in certain time will have to be serviced, and this by itself entails additional financial costs.
The principle of operation of the generator is to constantly be in the braking mode with the rotor, which rotates ahead of time, but still in the same orientation as the magnetic field at the stator.
Depending on the type of winding used, the rotor can be phase or short-circuited. The rotating magnetic field created with the help of the auxiliary winding begins to induce it on the rotor, which rotates with it. The frequency and voltage at the output directly depends on the number of revolutions, since the magnetic field is not regulated and remains unchanged.
There is also an electrochemical generator, the device and the principle of operation of which is to generate electrical energy from hydrogen in a car for its movement and power supply of all electrical appliances. This apparatus is chemical in that it generates energy through the reaction of oxygen and hydrogen, which is used to generate fuel in a gaseous state.
The principle of operation of the acoustic noise generator is to protect organizations and individuals from listening to negotiations and various kinds of events. They can be traced through window panes, walls, ventilation systems, heating pipes, radio microphones, wired microphones and laser pickup devices. acoustic information from the windows.
Therefore, firms very often use a generator to protect their confidential information, the device and the principle of operation of which is to tune the device to a given frequency, if it is known, or to a certain range. A generic noise signal is then created. For this, the device itself contains a noise generator of the required power.
There are also generators that are in the noise range, thanks to which you can mask a useful sound signal. This kit includes a block that generates noise, as well as its amplifiers and acoustic radiators. The main disadvantage of using such devices is the interference that appears during negotiations. In order for the device to fully cope with its work, negotiations should be carried out only for 15 minutes.
The basic principle of operation of the voltage regulator is based on maintaining the energy of the on-board network in all operating modes with a variety of changes in the frequency of turns of the generator rotor, ambient temperature and electrical load. This device can also perform minor functions, namely, to protect parts of the generating set from possible emergency installation mode and overload, automatically connect the excitation winding circuit to the on-board system or signaling the emergency operation of the device.
All such devices work according to the same principle. Generator voltage is determined by several factors - amperage, rotor speed and magnetic flux. The lower the load on the generator and the higher the speed, the higher the voltage of the device. Due to the greater current in the excitation winding, the magnetic flux begins to increase, and with it the voltage in the generator, and after the current decreases, the voltage also becomes lower.
Regardless of the manufacturer of such generators, they all normalize the voltage by changing the excitation current in the same way. With an increase or decrease in voltage, the excitation current begins to increase or decrease and to conduct the voltage within the required limits.
In everyday life, the use of generators helps a person a lot in solving many issues that arise.
An electrical generator is a machine or installation designed to convert non-electrical energy into electrical energy: mechanical energy into electrical energy, chemical energy into electrical energy, heat energy into electrical energy, etc. Today, when we say the word “generator,” we mean a mechanical converter. energy - into electrical.
It can be a diesel or gasoline portable generator, a nuclear power plant generator, car generator, a home-made generator from an asynchronous electric motor, or a low-speed generator for a low-power wind turbine. At the end of the article, we'll take a look at the two most common generators as examples, but first we'll talk about how they work.
One way or another, from a physical point of view, the principle of operation of each of the mechanical generators is the same: when, when the lines of the magnetic field cross a conductor, an EMF of induction occurs in this conductor. The sources of the force leading to the mutual movement of the conductor and the magnetic field can be various processes, however, as a result, an EMF and current must always be obtained from the generator to power the load.
The principle of operation of an electric generator - Faraday's Law
The principle of operation of an electric generator was discovered back in 1831 English physicist Michael Faraday. Later this principle was called Faraday's law. It consists in the fact that when a conductor crosses a perpendicular magnetic field, a potential difference arises at the ends of this conductor.
The first generator was built by Faraday himself according to the principle he discovered, it was the "Faraday disk" - a unipolar generator in which a copper disk rotated between the poles of a horseshoe-shaped magnet. The device provided a significant current at a low voltage.
It was later found that individual insulated conductors in generators are much more efficient from a practical point of view than a solid conductive disk. And in modern generators it is now precisely wire stator windings that are used (in the simplest demonstration case, a wire coil).
Alternator
The overwhelming majority of modern generators are synchronous alternators. They have an armature winding on the stator, from which the generated electrical energy is diverted. A field winding is located on the rotor, to which a direct current is supplied through a pair of slip rings to obtain a rotating magnetic field from the rotating rotor.
Due to the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, when the rotor rotates from an external drive (for example, from an internal combustion engine), its magnetic flux alternately crosses each of the phases of the stator winding, and thus induces an EMF in them.
Most often there are three phases, they are physically displaced on the armature relative to each other by 120 degrees, so a three-phase sinusoidal current is obtained. The phases can be connected according to the "star" or "delta" circuit to obtain.
The sinusoidal EMF frequency f is proportional to the rotor speed: f = np / 60, where - p is the number of pairs of magnetic pluses of the rotor, n is the number of rotor revolutions per minute. Typically, the maximum rotor speed is 3000 rpm. If you connect a three-phase rectifier to the stator windings of such a synchronous generator, you get a direct current generator (this is how all car generators work, by the way).
Three-machine synchronous generator
Of course, the classic synchronous generator has one serious drawback - the rotor has slip rings and brushes adjacent to them. Brushes spark and wear due to friction and electrical erosion. This is not permissible in an explosive environment. Therefore, in aviation and in diesel generators, non-contact synchronous generators, in particular, three-machine ones, are more common.
Three-machine devices have three machines in one housing: a pre-exciter, an exciter and a generator - on a common shaft. The pre-exciter is a synchronous generator, it is excited from permanent magnets on the shaft, the voltage generated by it is applied to the stator winding of the exciter.
The stator of the exciter acts on the winding on the rotor, connected to a three-phase rectifier fixed on it, from which the main excitation winding of the generator is powered. The generator generates current in its stator.
Gas, diesel and petrol portable generators
Today, it is very common in households that use an internal combustion engine as a drive engine - an internal combustion engine that transfers mechanical rotation to a generator rotor.
Liquid fuel generators have fuel tanks, gas generators - you need to supply fuel through the pipeline so that then the gas is fed to the carburetor, where it turns into component part fuel mixture.
In all cases, the fuel mixture is combusted in the piston system, driving the crankshaft into rotation. This is similar to the operation of a car engine. The crankshaft rotates the rotor of a non-contact synchronous generator (alternator).
Andrey Povny
The invention relates to the field of transport and power engineering and is intended to work as a source of electric current. It will increase efficiency and improve environmental performance. power plant... The internal combustion generator contains a housing with a cylinder in which the piston moves. The piston is mounted on a rod on which a permanent magnet (armature) is fixed. The piston, rod and armature are a reciprocating assembly in the body. The armature moves in accordance with the piston in a coil of wire (stator) installed in the housing. The piston, rod and armature are connected to the housing by an elastic element (for example, a spring or an elastic diaphragm). The stator consists of several coils that can be combined into one coil. The volume of the combustion chamber is divided from the working volume of the cylinder, while the combustion chamber communicates with the cylinder via an intake valve. 1 ill.
The invention relates to the field of transport and power engineering and is intended to work as a source of electric current. The applicant knows the closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed invention as the closest to him in terms of the set of essential features. This analogue is a free-piston internal combustion engine containing a housing with a cylinder in which the piston moves. The piston is mounted on a rod on which a permanent magnet (armature) is fixed. The piston, rod and armature are a reciprocating assembly in the body. The armature moves in accordance with the piston in a coil of wire (stator) installed in the housing (inventor's certificate for useful model N 95103064/20, 1995). This engine has the following disadvantages: a) a free-piston internal combustion engine can contain four cylinders with a four-stroke working cycle and two cylinders with a two-stroke one, it can have a larger number, but only an even one; b) the piston in a free piston internal combustion engine has no upper and lower dead center; c) a free piston engine does not have a starting system. The problem to be solved by the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of a free-piston internal combustion engine, improve the ecology and economy of the engine. The technical result of the invention is: creation of a launch system; the passage of the piston through the dead center; implementation of a single-cylinder engine scheme, as well as with an odd number of cylinders; reduction of harmful emissions in exhaust gases. The aforementioned tasks are achieved in that the internal combustion generator contains a housing with a cylinder in which the piston moves. The piston is mounted on a rod on which a permanent magnet (armature) is fixed. The piston, rod and armature are a reciprocating assembly in the body. The armature moves in accordance with the piston in a coil of wire (stator) installed in the housing. The piston, rod and armature are connected to the housing by an elastic element (for example, a spring or an elastic diaphragm). The stator consists of several windings (at least two parts) with the possibility of electrical connection into one winding. The combustion chamber is a cavity with a shape that provides the best combustion of fuel. The volume of the combustion chamber is divided from the working volume of the cylinder, with the combustion chamber communicating with the cylinder via an intake valve (s). Obtaining the technical result of the invention is possible because: a) the piston, rod and armature are connected to the body by means of an elastic element, which, when compressed (stretched), does not allow one to go beyond the dead points. Thanks to the elastic element, the piston, and, accordingly, the rod and the armature, perform harmonic oscillations, which makes it possible to obtain a "sinusoidal" electric current. b) the stator consists of several windings. On start-up, electrical current is applied to some of the stator windings. A magnetic field arises in them, which pushes or attracts the anchor. An electric current is supplied so that the effect of the magnetic field falls into resonance with the oscillations of the armature, and when the piston begins to reach dead center, fuel and air are supplied to the combustion chamber. After starting, all stator windings can be electrically connected to form one winding. c) the volume of the combustion chamber is separated from the working volume of the cylinder, and the combustion chamber communicates with the cylinder via an intake valve. The two-stroke cycle goes through the following processes. The first measure is release. In the combustion chamber, processes such as compressed air intake, fuel injection, combustion of the working mixture take place, and in the cylinder - the release of the burnt mixture. The piston rises from bottom dead center to top dead center, the exhaust valve is open, the intake valve is closed, and the exhaust gases are vented from the cylinder to atmosphere. The combustion chamber is supplied with fuel and air. It ignites, which ends when the piston reaches top dead center. The second cycle is a working one. The processes of expansion of the working gas, purging of the combustion chamber and cylinder take place. The piston moves from top dead center to bottom dead center, the exhaust valve is closed, the intake valve connecting the combustion chamber to the cylinder is open. The burnt working mixture penetrates from the chamber into the over-piston space of the cylinder and presses on the piston, so it moves from top dead center to bottom dead center. In this way useful work is done. When the piston approaches the bottom dead center, the exhaust valve opens and the exhaust gases that have overpressure, begin to leave the cylinder into the atmosphere, and air is supplied to the combustion chamber, it displaces exhaust gases from the chamber into the cylinder, and then into the atmosphere, and cools the combustion chamber. When the piston reaches bottom dead center, the intake valve closes. The drawing shows a sectional diagram of a single-cylinder internal combustion generator. The generator comprises a housing 1, a cylinder 2 and a combustion chamber located in the housing 3. The burnt mixture enters the cylinder from the combustion chamber through valve 4, presses on the piston 5 and exits through the exhaust valve 6. The piston is mounted on a rod 7, on which an anchor 8 is fixed, Moving in the stator 9, the elastic element, in this case the springs 10 and 11, connect the piston, rod and armature with the housing.
Claim
An internal combustion generator containing a housing and a cylinder placed in the housing, a piston mounted on a rod, a permanent magnet is fixed on the rod, moving in a wire coil, characterized in that the piston, magnet and rod are connected to the body by means of an elastic element, the wire coil consists of a minimum of two parts, the volume of the combustion chamber is separated from the working volume of the cylinder and the combustion chamber communicates with the cylinder via a valve.
Similar patents:
The invention relates to mechanical engineering and is intended to convert the kinetic energy of the piston, in particular the internal combustion engine piston, into electricity using a piezoelectric and converting electricity back into the kinetic energy of the piston
Gasoline and diesel power generators are devices that convert mechanical energy from the rotation of the shaft of an internal combustion engine into electrical energy. They are used as a temporary or permanent power supply.
When talking about autonomous devices that generate electricity, they operate with the expressions "electric generator" and "power plant". There is no clear distinction between these terms, but when they talk about power plants, they often mean rather powerful devices (over 15-20 kW), designed for continuous operation. When they talk about electric generators, they mean relatively low-power mobile units used as a backup (emergency) power source.
The principle of operation of electric generators is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, which manifests itself in the following. When a closed conductor rotates in a magnetic field, an electric current arises in it (electromotive force - EMF). The magnitude of the EMF depends on the length of the conductor, the density of the magnetic field, the speed of its intersection and the angle at which the magnetic lines of force intersect.
To create a magnetic field, the rotor can be made of permanent magnets ( asynchronous generators) or have a winding to which a current is applied to create a magnetic field (synchronous generators). And by changing the number of poles at the rotor, you can get the required voltage frequency (50 Hz) at different engine speeds. For example, to get a voltage frequency of 50 Hz in the circuit shown above, the rotor must rotate at 3000 rpm, and in the circuit shown below - 1500 rpm.
The three-phase generator circuit is not much more complicated:
Thus, when the rotor rotates by an internal combustion engine, an electromotive force is induced in the stator windings, which creates an alternating voltage in them, which is used to power one or another device - an energy consumer.
The figure below shows a compact 2.75 kVA gasoline generator.
Gasoline generator with a capacity of 2.75 kVA: 1 - frame, 2 - engine, 3 - generator, 4 - air filter, 5 - gas tank, 6 - muffler, 7 - panel with sockets.
When using a three-phase generator, you should take into account the phenomenon of phase imbalance. It is necessary to observe the approximate equality (differing by no more than 20-25%) of the sum of the powers of the devices connected to different phases, while it is necessary that the load on one phase does not exceed 1/3 of the generator power.
In addition to three-phase generators for 380V, there are also three-phase for 220V. They are only used for lighting. Turning on between phase and zero, you can get a voltage of 127V.
Many generator models can supply 12V.
This allows to ensure the constructive simplicity and reliability of the device, the closedness of its case and protection from dust and moisture. However, this is achieved at the cost of a poor ability to withstand starting loads that occur when starting equipment with reactive power, which include, in particular, electric motors. Therefore, asynchronous devices are best used to handle active loads.
The synchronous generator has armature windings to which an electric current is supplied.
By changing its value, the magnetic field and, accordingly, the output voltage on the stator windings are changed. Adjustment of the output parameters is carried out using voltage and current feedback, implemented in the form of a simple electrical circuit. Thanks to this, the synchronous generator ensures the maintenance of the voltage in the network with greater accuracy than the asynchronous generator and easily transfers short-term starting loads.
The disadvantages of synchronous generators include the presence of a brush assembly on the rotor, through which current is supplied to it. The brushes overheat and burn out during operation, their adhesion worsens, the resistance increases, leading to further overheating of the unit. In addition, the sparking of the moving contact creates radio interference.
Modern models of synchronous generators are equipped with brushless excitation systems on a rotor winding. They do not have the disadvantages of having a brush assembly.
Synchronous alternators are found on most generators.
Only now, obtaining even a satisfactory sinusoid at the output is not cheap, manufacturers of inverter generators, saving on expensive components, create at the output of their generators something only vaguely resembling a sinusoid, and the cheaper the generator, the less the voltage waveform at the output will be similar to a sine wave.
The form of tension depicted in blue is not an exception, but an ubiquitous reality. Not only a computer cannot be connected to an inverter generator with such a voltage, but also light bulbs. Before buying, it is imperative to find out how close the output voltage waveform is to a sinusoid. even the high cost and fame of the company are not a guarantee that the manufacturer did not save on details.
The high quality of the output voltage waveform is achieved not only by the inverter, but also by the use of a three-phase generator instead of a single-phase one, since a much smoother signal is obtained immediately after the rectifier (step 2).
Usage correct inverter-type gas generators contributes to the safety and long service life of all electronics that require high-quality voltage. In addition, these types of gas generators are lightweight, small in size, and reduced noise levels. In addition to all the advantages, inverter gas generators allow the regulation of engine speed depending on the load, which makes it possible to save fuel.
After all, most household generators work at least 70% of the time at minimum load. Conventional gasoline generators must maintain 3000 rpm in any operating mode (so that the current frequency is 50 Hz). In the mode of minimum load, although they consume less fuel, they are insignificant. The inverter generator is devoid of this limitation and, at minimum load, can drop its speed to 1000-1200 rpm. Due to this, consuming in this mode 2-3 times less fuel than a conventional generator. And thanks to the lower engine speed, the generator produces less noise.
The disadvantages of inverter generators compared to conventional ones are:
They run on A-92 or A-95 fuel and are mainly used as backup source during a temporary power outage, or to power the power tool where there is no mains power.
The resource of gasoline power generators is relatively small - 500-2500 hours (the smallest resource is for generators with a two-stroke engine). However, some models in which four-stroke engines with cast iron cylinders, overhead valves and oil supply to rubbing parts under pressure are installed, can reach a resource of 4000 or more hours.
Two-stroke and four-stroke... Gasoline generator engines can be two-stroke and four-stroke. Their difference is due to common design features 2 and 4-stroke engines - i.e. the advantages of the second in relation to the first in terms of efficiency and service life.
Electric generators with two-stroke engines are smaller and lighter, they are used only as backup power sources - due to their short resource, which is about 500 hours.
Gasoline generators with 4-stroke engines are designed for much more active use. Depending on the design, their service life can reach 4000 and more engine hours.
The device of a four-stroke gasoline engine (Honda) with an overhead valve arrangement: 1 - fuel filters, 2 - crankshaft, 3 - air filter, 4 - part of the ignition system, 5 - cylinder, 6 - valve, 7 - crankshaft bearing.
Design features... The design features of the internal combustion engine (ICE) of a gasoline generator, which affect its resource, include the grade of the material from which the cylinder block is made, the location of the valves, the mode of oil supply to the rubbing parts.
Generators with an aluminum block of cylinders are inexpensive, however, their service life is short - about 500 hours. Engines with cast iron cylinders and side valves have a service life of about 1,500 hours. Generators with internal combustion engines with cast iron cylinders, overhead valves and oil supply to rubbing parts under pressure, in addition to a long service life (about 3000 hours), have reduced fuel consumption and low noise level. However, they are much more expensive than the first options.
The advantage of the overhead valve arrangement is due to the fact that it reduces the surface area of the combustion chamber and, accordingly, the heating of engine parts. In addition, the compression ratio is increased, resulting in improved engine efficiency. The overhead valve position is indicated by the abbreviation OHV (overhead-valve, see photo above).
Gasoline generators can be single-cylinder or two-cylinder. Generators with a four-stroke V-twin cylinder engine are powerful units.
Advantages and disadvantages of gasoline power generators... In addition to relative lightness and compactness, the advantages of gas generators include low cost, lower noise level (than diesel ones), and the ability to work without problems in the cold.
The lower noise level (a generator with a two-stroke gasoline engine is much noisier than a four-stroke one) is explained by common features operation of a gasoline internal combustion engine. However, the gas generator still makes a lot of noise, and a soundproof casing can make it quiet.
But the main advantage of gasoline generators over diesel generators is the lower price.
The disadvantages include a relatively low resource and increased consumption of gasoline (in comparison with diesel fuel in diesel generators).
As for the resource, it can be extended by timely and high-quality maintenance and the use of high-quality fuel. It is necessary to change oil, filters, candles in a timely manner, control the tightening of bolted joints, etc.
Diesel generators have a wide range of power - from 2 to 200 kW and more.
The resource of their work is also impressive. It depends on the design and parameters of the generator (mainly on the number of revolutions and the type of cooling) and can vary over a wide range - from 3000 to 30,000 or more engine hours.
When operating a diesel generator, it is important to know that operation at low loads or Idling harmful to diesel engines. So in the operating instructions, there may be a requirement not to idle for more than 5 minutes, and to work with a load of 20% for no more than 1 hour (the numbers may be different, for example, 40%). This starts the generator at idle speed. There are recommendations, in the form of a preventive measure, to carry out one hundred percent load every 100 hours of work, lasting about 2 hours. Since the ignition of fuel in a diesel engine occurs due to high temperature at the end of the air compression stroke and fuel supply to the right moment, and at idle speed decreases average temperature cycle, this leads to disruption of the mixture formation process, combustion in the cylinder and incomplete combustion of fuel. This, in turn, leads to the formation of persistent deposits in the cylinder, exhaust manifold, coking of the injector, dilution of oil in the crankcase with unburned fuel and disruption of the lubrication system.
Speed... By the number of revolutions, diesel generators are divided into low-speed (1500 rpm) and high-speed (3000 rpm). The former have higher operational advantages. They have low fuel consumption and noise level, long service life. They are usually used as a permanent source of electricity in the absence of such. Their disadvantages include the high price.
Generators with high-speed engines have higher fuel consumption compared to low-speed ones, increased noise level and a shorter resource. Their main advantage is their low price.
The reduced resource of high-speed generators can be easily explained. The wear rate depends on the number of shaft revolutions; the higher it is, the higher the wear.
Cooling... Engine cooling for diesel power generators can be air or liquid. Air-cooled devices are mainly generators of low power (up to 10 kW) with a speed of 3000. Liquid-cooled diesel generators (water or antifreeze) are large stationary models. In essence, these are power plants, usually they are low-speed (1500 rpm), but there are also high-speed (3000 rpm).
Diesel generator (15 kW) with liquid cooling. The liquid cooling the engine is cooled in a radiator blown by a fan
Advantages and Disadvantages of Diesel Generators... Among the main advantages of diesel generators are high power, stable parameters of generated electricity, low consumption diesel fuel(significantly lower than the consumption of gasoline for gas generators) and a long service life. It is worth noting the low fire hazard due to the type of fuel. It is these advantages that make them most suitable for continuous operation in the absence of power grids.
Among the disadvantages are the high cost in comparison with gasoline generators, large weight, high level noise, heavier manual start, impossibility to start in frost without preliminary heating, inadmissibility of work with a load of less than 20-40%, relatively complex and expensive repairs. Although, as for the latter, this drawback may well be compensated by the reliability and durability of diesel generators. And the high noise level occurs mainly when idling. This disadvantage is much less pronounced when working under load.
The combination of the advantages and disadvantages of diesel engines determine their field of application - i.e. high feasibility of using as constant voltage sources and much less - as a backup for short-term power outages.
If a diesel generator is operated for a long time as the main source of electricity, then, in the end, thanks to fuel economy, it is able to save money for its owner, despite the higher price.
So a diesel generator for a summer residence, in most cases, is not an option. Since most often a generator for a summer residence is bought as a backup source of electricity and low power, and diesel generators are most effective as permanent and / or powerful sources of energy.
There are several types of gas generators: liquefied gas(mixtures of propane and butane, denoted by the abbreviation LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas), on methane (on network gas, NG - Natural Gas), liquefied and network gas (LPG / NG), universal gas petrol generators originally adapted to work on liquefied gas and gasoline.
Advantages and disadvantages of gas generators... Gas powered generators have some advantages over gasoline and diesel.
The service life of an electric generator on gas is higher than that of a gasoline one. This is due to the fact that when the gas is burned, less substances are formed that cause wear of engine parts, and the oil film is not washed off from the working surfaces of the cylinders and pistons when the engine is started.
The operation of gas power generators is easy to automate due to the nature of the fuel. When the generators are connected to the gas network, there is no need to replenish it.
The disadvantages include the potential explosiveness of the gas and the need to use cylinders (or have a supply of network gas).
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